List of PEKA experiments: Number Experiment 1.

1  Controlled / Fixed variable:

Pg. 6 Mass of marble chips,
1. Average rate of reaction and instantaneous Title Effect of surface area on the rate of volume and concentration of
rate of reaction reaction hydrochloric acid (HCl),
2. Effect of surface area on the rate of Aim To investigate the effect of total temperature
reaction surface area of the reactant on the rate
3. Effect of concentration on the rate of of reaction Operational  1. Smaller marble chips have
reaction Problem How does the total exposed surface Definition a larger total surface area
4. Effect of temperature on the rate of than larger marble chips of
Statement area of a solid reactant affect the rate
reaction the same mass.
of reaction?
5. Effect of catalyst on the rate of reaction
Hypothesis When the total surface area of marble  2. For the graph of the
6. Effect of the amount of catalyst on the rate
chips increases, the rate of reaction volume of gas released
of reaction
increases. / The smaller the size of the against time, the curve with
reactant particles, that is, the larger higher initial gradient
Number Laboratory Work 1.2 the total surface area of the reactant indicates a higher initial rate
Pg. 3 particles, the higher the rate of of reaction.
Title Average rate of reaction and reaction.
instantaneous rate of reaction Apparatus  50 cm3 measuring cylinder
Aim To determine the average rate of  150 cm3 conical flask .
reaction and the instantaneous rate of  Stopper with delivery tube
reaction  Basin Number Experiment 1.2
Apparatus  50 cm3 beaker  Burette
Pg. 10
 Test tube  Spatula
Title Effect of concentration on the rate of
 Spatula  Electronic balance
reaction
 Stopwatch
Aim To investigate the effect of
Material  Marble chip concentration on the rate of reaction
 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric Material  0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric Problem How does the concentration of a
acid (HCl) acid (HCl) Statement reactant affect the rate of reaction? /
 0.1 mol dm-3 sodium  2 g large marble chips Does high concentration of sodium
thiosulphate, Na2S2O3  2 g small marble chips thiosulphate Na2S2O3 solution
solution  Water decrease the time taken for the mark
 1.0 mol dm-3 lead(II) nitrate ‘X’ to disappear from sight?
solution
Variables  Manipulated variable: Total Hypothesis When the concentration of sodium
surface area of marble chips thiosulphate, Na2S2O3 solution
 Responding variable: Rate of increases, the rate of reaction
. reaction increases. / The higher the
 concentration of sodium thiosulphate
Na2S2O3 solution, the shorter the time
taken for the mark ‘X’ to disappear
from sight.
Apparatus  150 cm3 conical flask
 50 cm3 measuring cylinder
 10 cm3 measuring cylinder
 Stopwatch
Material  0.2 mol dm-3 sodium
thiosulphate solution
 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid
 Distilled water
 White paper marked ‘X’ at
the centre
Variables  Manipulated
variable: Concentration of
sodium thiosulphate,
Na2S2O3 solution
 Responding variable: Rate of
reaction
 Controlled / Fixed variable:
Concentration, volume and
initial temperature of
sulphuric acid, H2SO4. Total
volume of reactants
Operational Rate of reaction is inversely
Definition proportional to the time taken for the
the mark ‘X’ to disappear from sight
.
Number Experiment 1.3
Pg. 13
Title Effect of temperature on the rate of
reaction
Aim To investigate the effect of
temperature on the rate of reaction
Problem How does temperature affect the rate
Statement of reaction?
Hypothesis An increase in temperature will
increase the rate of reaction.
Apparatus  150 cm3 conical flask
 50 cm3 measuring cylinder
 10 cm3 measuring cylinder
 Stopwatch
 Thermometer
 Bunsen burner
 Tripod stand
 Wire gauze
Material  0.2 mol dm-3 sodium
thiosulphate solution
 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid
 White paper marked ‘X’ at
the centre
Variables  Manipulated variable:
Temperature of sodium
thiosulphate, Na2S2O3
solution
 Responding variable: The
time taken for the cross ‘X’
to disappear
 Controlled / Fixed variable:
volume and concentration of
sodium thiosulphate Na2S2O3
solution, volume and
concentration of sulphuric
acid, size of conical flask
Operational Rate of reaction is inversely
Definition proportional to the time taken for the
mark ‘X’ to disappear from sight
.
Number Experiment 1.4
Pg. 15
Title Effect of catalyst on the rate of
reaction
Aim To investigate the effect of a catalyst
on the rate of reaction
Problem How does a catalyst affect the rate of
Statement reaction? / How do catalysts affect the
rate of decomposition of hydrogen
peroxide?
Hypothesis The presence of a catalyst increases
the rate of reaction. / Manganese(IV)
oxide increases the rate of
decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.
Apparatus  Test tube
 Test tube rack
 Spatula
 Wooden splinter
 Retort stand and clamp
 10 cm3 measuring cylinder
 Electronic balance
 Weighing bottle
Material  20-volume hydrogen
peroxide, H2O2 solution
 1.0 g Manganese(IV) oxide
 powder
Variables  Manipulated variable:
Presence or absence of a
catalyst
 Responding variable: The
release of oxygen gas / Rate
of reaction
 Controlled / Fixed variable:
Volume and concentration
of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
solution, temperature
Operational  The decomposition of
Definition hydrogen peroxide is fast if
the glowing wooden splinter
rekindles brightly and
rapidly.
 The decomposition of
hydrogen peroxide is slow if
the glowing wooden splinter
glows dimly and slowly.
. amount / mass of catalyst
Number Experiment 1.5
Pg. 17
Title Effect of the amount of catalyst on the
rate of reaction
Aim To investigate the effect of the
amount of catalyst on the rate of
reaction.
Problem How does the amount of a catalyst
Statement affect the rate of reaction? / Does
higher amount of catalysts increases
the rate of reaction?
Hypothesis When the amount of a catalyst used
increases, the rate of reaction
increases. / The higher the amount of
the catalysts, the higher the rate of
reaction.
Apparatus  50 cm3 measuring cylinder
 150 cm3 conical flask
 Stopper with delivery tube
 Burette
 Retort stand and clamp
 Basin
 Stopwatch
 Electronic balance
 Spatula
 Weighing bottle
 Beakers
Material  2-volume hydrogen peroxide
solution
 1.0 g manganese(IV) oxide
powder
Variables  Manipulated variable:
 Responding variable: Rate of
reaction
 Controlled / Fixed variable:
Temperature, volume and
concentration of hydrogen
peroxide solution
Operational The curves for the graph of volume of
Definition gas liberated against time a higher
gradient indicated a higher rate of
reaction.
Chapter 2 – Carbon Compound
List of PEKA experiments:
1. Combustion products of organic
compound
2. Properties of alkanes and alkenes
3. Preparation of ethanol by
fermentation
4. Chemical properties of ethanol
5. Chemical properties of ethanoic
acid
6. Esters – Laboratory preparation and
physical properties
7. Coagulation of latex
8. Elasticity of vulcanised and
unvulcanised rubber
9. Latex product
Number Laboratory Work 2.1
Pg. 25
Title Combustion products of
organic compound
Aim To identify the combustion
product of organic compound. /
To investigate the complete
combustion of organic
compounds.
Apparatus  250 cm3 beaker
 Boiling tube
 Stopper with 2 holes
 Delivery tube
  Rubber tubing bromine Number Laboratory Work 2.3
 Filter funnel  To compare the reaction Pg. 38
 Filter pump of hexane and hexane Title Preparation of ethanol by
 Retort stand and clamp with bromine fermentation
 Spirit lamp  C. Reaction with Aim To prepare samples of ethanol,
 Bunsen burner acidized potassium C2H5OH by fermentation
 0 – 110˚C thermometer manganate(VII) solution Apparatus  250 cm3 conical flask
 Test tube holder  To compare the reaction
 150 cm3 conical flask
 Wooden blocks of hexane and hexane  500 cm3 beaker
with acidified potassium  50 cm3 measuring
Material  Ice manganate(VII) solution cylinder
 Ethanol  Distillation flask
 Palm oil Apparatus  Evaporating dish / (round-bottomed flask)
 Limewater Porcelain dishes  Stopper with delivery
 Dropper tube
 Test tube  Stopper with 1 hole
.  Bunsen burner  0 – 110˚C thermometer
 Liebig condenser
Number Laboratory Work 2.2 Material  Hexane  Fractionating column
Pg. 32  Hexene  Retort stand and clamp
Title Properties of alkanes and  Bromine in 1,1,1-  Tripod stand
alkenes trichloroethane  Wire gauze
 0.1 mol dm-3 potassium  Glass rod
Aim To compare the properties of
manganate(VII) solution  Bunsen burner
alkanes and alkenes
 Dilute sulphuric acid  1 m rubber tubing
 Wooden splinter  Filter funnel
 A. Reaction with
 Filter paper  Boiling tube
oxygen
 To compare the
combustion of hexane Material  Glucose
and hexane .  Yeast
 B. Reaction with  Limewater
  Distilled water tube  Ice
 Filter paper (4 pieces)  Test tube holder  Concentrated sulphuric
 Fruits such as  500 cm3 beaker acid
pineapple, grape,  Retort stand and clamp  Blue litmus paper
papaya, banana, apple,  Bunsen burner
berries  10 cm3 measuring C. Dehydration of ethanol
 Cooked potatoes, rice or cylinder
tapioca  Dropper  Ethanol
 30 g dm-3 potassium
C. Dehydration of ethanol dichromate(VI),
. K2Cr2O7 solution
 Test tubes  3 g dm-3 potassium
Number Laboratory Work 2.4  Boiling tube manganate(VII),
Pg. 41  Stopper with delivery KMnO4 solution
tube  Bromine water
Title Chemical properties of ethanol
 Test tube holder  Glass wool
Aim To investigate the chemical
 500 cm3 beaker  Unglazed porcelain
properties of ethanol,
 Retort stand and clamp chips
C2H5OHA. Combustion of
 Bunsen burner  Water
ethanolB. Oxidation of
 Forceps
ethanolC. Dehydration of
 Dropper
ethanol
.
Apparatus A. Combustion of ethanol
Material A. Combustion of ethanol
 Evaporating dish Number Laboratory Work 2.5
 Ethanol Pg. 48
 Wooden splinter
Title Chemical properties of ethanoic
B. Oxidation of ethanol acid
B. Oxidation of ethanol
Aim To investigate the chemical
 Ethanol
 Test tubes reactions of ethanoic acid,
 30 g dm-3 potassium
 Boiling tube CH3COOH
dichromate(VI),
 Stopper with delivery
K2Cr2O7 solution
  Spatula (Calcium
 A. Reactions of  Glass rod carbonate/Iron(III)
ethanoic acid as an acid  Bunsen burner carbonate/Sodium
 i. reaction of ethanoic  Tripod stand carbonate)
acid with a metal  Wire gauze  Limewater
 ii. reaction of ethanoic  Evaporating dish
acid with a metal iii. reaction of ethanoic acid
carbonate B. Reaction of ethanoic acid with a base
 iii. reaction of ethanoic with alcohol
acid with a base  1.0 mol dm-3 sodium
 B. Reaction of ethanoic  Dropper hydroxide solution
acid with alcohol  Boiling tube  Metal oxide powder
 250 cm3 beaker (Copper(II) oxide)
Apparatus A. Reactions of ethanoic acid  Test tube holder
as an acidi. reaction of ethanoic  Bunsen burner B. Reaction of ethanoic acid
acid with a metal with alcohol
Material A. Reactions of ethanoic acid
 Test tube as an acidi. reaction of ethanoic  Glacial ethanoic acid
 Test tube rack acid with a metal  Absolute ethanol /
 Wooden splinter Butan-1-ol
 1.0 mol dm-3 ethanoic  Concentrated sulphuric
ii. reaction of ethanoic acid acid acid
with a metal carbonate  Metal powder  Ice
(Magnesium ribbon /  Water
 Test tubes Zinc)
 Stopper with delivery
tube ii. reaction of ethanoic acid .
with a metal carbonate
iii. reaction of ethanoic acid Number Laboratory Work 2.6
with a base  1.0 mol dm-3 ethanoic Pg. 53
acid Title Esters – Laboratory preparation
 Test tube  Metal carbonate powder
 and physical properties  Wooden block .
Aim To prepare a sample of ethyl  Porous chips / tile chips
ethanoate, CH3COOC2H5 in the  Oil bath Number Laboratory Work 2.7
laboratory Pg. 60
B. Physical properties of ethyl Title Coagulation of latex
 A. Laboratory ethanoate Aim To investigate the coagulation
preparation of esterTo of latex
prepare a sample of  Test tube Apparatus  100 cm3 beaker
ethyl ethanoate  Dropper  Measuring cylinder
 B. Physical properties  Glass rod  Glass rod
of ethyl ethanoate  Sample bottle  Dropper

To investigate the physical Material A. Laboratory preparation of Material  Rubber latex

properties of ethyl ethanoate ester  1.0 mol dm-3 ethanoic
Apparatus A. Laboratory preparation of acid
ester  Absolute ethanol  1.0 mol dm-3 ammonia
 Glacial ethanoic acid solution
 100 cm3 beaker  Concentrated sulphuric  Red and blue litmus
 500 cm3 beaker acid paper
 250 cm3 distillation  Oil
flask (round-bottomed  Tap water
flask)
.
 250 cm3 conical flask B. Physical properties of ethyl
 50 cm3 measuring ethanoate
cylinder Number Laboratory Work 2,8
 Tap funnel  Ethyl ethanoate (from Pg. 61
 0 – 250˚C thermometer A) Title Vulcanised rubber
 Liebig condenser  Distilled water Aim To prepare vulcanised rubber
 Bunsen burner  Acetone Apparatus  10 cm x 10 cm glass
 Tripod stand  Methylated spirits plate
 Retort stand and clamp  Glass rod
 Stopper with 2 holes  Razor blade
  A pair of tongs  Unvulcanised rubber  Glass rod
 250 cm3 beaker strip  Plastics arm mould
 String
Material  Rubber latex Variables  Manipulated variable:  Retort stand and clamp
 Disulphur dichloride in Types of rubber  Basin
methylbenzene (vulcanised rubber
strip and unvulcanised Material  Fresh latex
rubber strip)  2.0 mol dm-3 ethanoic
.  Responding variable: acid
Elasticity of rubber /  Water
Number Experiment 2.1 Length of rubber strip
 Controlled/Fixed
Pg. 62
Title Elasticity of vulcanised and
variable: Mass of Chapter 3 – Oxidation and Reduction
weight, size of rubber
unvulcanised rubber
strip List of PEKA experiments:
Aim To compare the elasticity of
vulcanised and unvulcanised
Operational If the minimum weight 1. Redox reaction as loss or gain of
rubber
Definition required for the rubber strip to oxygen
Problem Is vulcanised rubber is more fail to return to its initial 2. Change of iron(II) to iron(III) ions
Statement elastics than unvulcanised length is larger, then the and vice versa
rubber? rubber strip is more elastic. 3. Displacement of metals
Hypothesis Vulcanised rubber is more 4. Displacement of halogens
elastics than unvulcanised 5. Transfer of electrons at a distance
.
rubber 6. Effect of other metals on rusting
Apparatus  Retort stand and 7. Reactivity of metals with oxygen
Number Laboratory Work 2.9
clamps 8. (A) The position of carbon in the
Pg. 64
 Bulldog clips reactivity series of metals with
 Hooks Title Latex product
oxygen (B) Heating carbon dioxide
 Metre rule Aim To prepare a rubber glove in
with metals
 Weights (50 g) the laboratory
9. The position of hydrogen in the
Apparatus  500 cm3 beaker
reactivity series of metals
Material  Vulcanised rubber strip  Dropper
(Demonstration by teacher)
 10. Oxidation and reduction in
electrolytic cells
11. Oxidation and reduction in
chemical cells
12. Oxidation and reduction in voltaic
cell with a salt bridge
Number Laboratory Work 3.1
Pg. 67
Title Redox reaction as loss or gain
of oxygen
Aim To investigate oxidation and
reduction
 A. Combustion of
metal in oxygen
 To investigate redox
reaction in the
combustion of metal in
oxygen gas, O2
 B. Heating of metal
oxide with carbon
 To investigate redox
reaction in the heating
of metal oxide with
carbon
Problem A. Combustion of metal in
Statement oxygen
 In the reaction between
metals in oxygen, carbon dioxide gas
which reagent  (II) Copper(II) oxide,
undergoes oxidation iron(III) oxide and
and which reagent lead(II) oxide undergo
undergoes reduction? reduction to form
copper, iron and lead
B. Heating of metal oxide with respectively
carbon
Apparatus A. Combustion of metal in
 In the reaction between oxygen
metal oxide and
carbon, which reagent  A pair of tongs
undergoes oxidation  Bunsen burner
and which reagent
undergoes reduction? B. Heating of metal oxide with
carbon
Hypothesis A. Combustion of metal in
oxygen  Crucible
 Pipe-clay triangle
 (I) Magnesium  Tripod stand
undergoes oxidation to  Bunsen burner
form magnesium ion,  Spatula
Mg2+
 (II) Oxygen gas Material A. Combustion of metal in
undergoes reduction to oxygen
form oxide ion, O2-
 5cm magnesium ribbon
B. Heating of metal oxide with  Sandpaper
carbon  Gas jar containing
oxygen
 (I) Carbon undergoes
oxidation to form B. Heating of metal oxide with
 carbon
 Carbon powder
 Copper(II) oxide
powder / Iron(III)
oxide powder /
Lead(II) oxide powder
Variables A. Combustion of metal in
oxygen
 Manipulated variable:
Type of metal
 Responding variable:
Reaction product
 Controlled / Fixed
variable: Oxygen gas
and the conditions of
reaction
B. Heating of metal oxide with
carbon
 Manipulated variable:
Type of metal oxide
 Responding variable:
Reaction product
 Controlled / Fixed
variable: Carbon and
the conditions of
reaction
. 
Number Laboratory Work 3.2
Pg. 71
Title Change of iron(II) to iron(III)
ions and vice versa
Aim To investigate oxidation and
reduction in the change of
iron(II) ions, Fe2+ to iron(III)
ions, Fe3+ and vice versa
(change of iron(III) ions, Fe3+
to iron(II) ions, Fe2+)
Apparatus  Dropper
 Spatula
 Test tube
 Test tube holder
 Test tube rack
 Bunsen burner
 Filter funnel
 Measuring cylinder
Material  0.5 mol dm-3 freshly
prepared iron(II)
sulphate, FeSO4
solution
 0.5 mol dm-3 iron(III)
sulphate, Fe2(SO4)3
solution
 Bromine water
 Zinc powder
 Filter paper (1 piece)
2.0 mol dm-3 sodium
hydroxide, NaOH
solution
 0.5 mol dm-3 potassium
hexacynoferrate(III),
K3Fe(CN)6 solution
.
Number Laboratory Work 3.3
Pg. 73
Title Displacement of metals
Aim To investigate oxidation and
reduction in the displacement
of metals from their salt
solutions
Problem How does redox reaction occur
Statement in a displacement reaction in
which a metal is displaced
from its salt solution?
Hypothesis  (I) The metal that acts
as a reducing agent will
form metal ion
 (II) The metal ion that
acts as an oxidising
agent will be
precipated as metal
Apparatus  Test tubes
  Test tube rack
Material  Zinc strip
 Copper strip
 Magnesium ribbon
 0.5 mol dm-3 silver
nitrate
 0.5 mol dm-3 copper(II)
sulphate
 0.5 mol dm-3
magnesium sulphate
Variables  Manipulated variable:
A pair of metals and
salt solutions
 Responding variable:
Precipitation of metal
and colour changes in
the solutions
 Controlled / Fixed
variable: Volumes and
concentrations of
solutions containing
the metal ions
.
Number Laboratory Work 3.4
Pg. 74
Title Displacement of halogens
Aim To investigate oxidation and
reduction in the displacement
of halogen from its halide
solution
Problem How do redox reactions occur
Statement in displacement reactions
between halogens and aqueous
solutions of halide ions?
Hypothesis A more reactive halogen
displace a less reactive
halogen from an aqueous
solutions of its halide ions
Apparatus  Test tubes
 Test tube rack
Material  Chlorine water
 Bromine water
 Iodine water
 0.5 mol dm-3 potassium
chlorine, KCl solution
 0.5 mol dm-3 potassium
bromine, KBr solution
 0.5 mol dm-3 potassium
iodine, KI solution
 1,1,1-tricholoethane,
CH3CCl3
Variables  Manipulated variable:
A pair of halogens and
their halide ions
 Responding variable:
Changes in colour in
1,1,1-trichloroethane,
CH3CCl3
 Controlled / Fixed
variable: Volume of
reaction mixture
.
Number Laboratory Work 3.5
Pg. 77
Title Transfer of electrons at a
distance
Aim To investigate oxidation and
reduction in the transfer of
electrons at a distance
Problem How do redox reactions occur
statement in displacement reactions
between halogens and aqueous
solutions of halide ions?
Hypothesis A more reactive halogen
displace a less reactive halogen
from an aqueous solution of its
halide ions
Apparatus  U-tube
 Galvanometer
 Connecting wire with
crocodile clips
 Graphite electrode
 Retort stand and clamp
  Test tube CH3CCl3  Hot jelly solution with
 Dropper / glass tube  Controlled / Fixed a little potassium
 Stopper with 1 hole variable: Volume of hexacyanoferrate(III),
reaction mixture K3Fe(CN)6 solution
Material  2.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric and phenolphthalein
acid, H2SO4  Sandpaper
 0.5 mol dm-3 freshly .
prepared iron(II) Variables  Manipulated variable:
sulphate, FeSO4 Number Experiment 3.1 Types of metals that
solution Pg. 81 are in contact with iron
 0.2 mol dm-3 acidified Title Effect of other metals on / Different types of
potassium rusting metals
manganate(VII),  Responding variable:
Aim To investigate the effect of
KMnO4 solution Presence of
other metals on rusting
 0.5 mol dm-3 potassium colouration / Intensity
Problem How do different types of
iodide, KI solution of dark blue
Statement metals in contact with iron
 0.2 mol dm-3 acidified colouration / Rusting
affect rusting?
potassium of iron
dichromate(VI), Hypothesis When a more electropositive  Controlled / Fixed
K2Cr2O7 solution metal is in contact with iron, variable: Clean iron
 Bromine water the metal inhibits rusting. nails, medium in which
 0.2 mol dm-3 potassium When a less electropositive the iron nails are kept /
thiocyanate, KSCN metal is in contact with iron, hot jelly solution,
solution the metal speeds up rusting temperature
 1% starch solution Apparatus  Test tube
 Test tube rack Operational Blue colouration indicates
Variables  Manipulated variable: Definition rusting of iron
A pair of halogen and Material  Iron nail
their halide ions  Magnesium ribbon .
 Responding variable:  Copper strip
Changes in colour in  Zinc strip
Number Laboratory Work 3.6
1,1,1-trichloroethana,  Tin strip
Pg. 85 Variables  Manipulated variable: remove oxygen from
Title Reactivity of metals with Different types of carbon dioxide.
oxygen metals
Aim  (I) To investigate the  Responding variable: Problem How is the position of carbon
reactivity of metals the brightness of the Statement in the reactivity series of
with oxygen flame metals determined?
 (II) To arrange metals  Controlled / Hypothesis  (I) A reaction occur if
in terms of their Fixed variable: The carbon is more reactive
reactivity with oxygen amount of the metal than the metal
and potassium  (II) A reaction not
Problem How do different types of manganate(VII) occur if carbon is less
Statement metals react with oxygen? powder reactive than the metal
Hypothesis The more reactive metal react  (III) Carbon is placed
more vigorously with oxygen between aluminium
Apparatus  Boiling tube
. and zinc in the
 Retort stand and clamp reactivity series of
 Bunsen burner Number Laboratory Work 3.7 metals
 Spatula Pg. 87
 Forceps Title  A. The position of Apparatus A. The position of carbon in
carbon in the reactivity the reactivity series of metals
Material  Magnesium powder series of metals with with oxygen
 Copper powder oxygen
 Iron filings  B. Heating carbon  Crucible / Porcelain
 Lead powder dioxide with metals dish / Asbestos paper
 Zinc powder  Spatula
 Solid potassium Aim  A. To determine the  Bunsen burner
manganate(VII), position of carbon in  Pipe-clay triangle
KMnO4 the reactivity series of  Tripod stand
 Asbestos paper metals
 Glass wool  B. To determine the B. Heating carbon dioxide
ability of a metal to with metals
  Gas jar
 Gas jar cover
 A pair of tongs
Material A. The position of carbon in
the reactivity series of metals
with oxygen
 Carbon powder
 Solid copper(II) oxide,
CuO
 Solid magnesium
oxide, MgO
 Solid aluminium oxide,
Al2O3
 Solid zinc oxide, ZnO
B. Heating carbon dioxide
with metals
 Magnesium ribbon
 Gas jar filled with
carbon dioxide gas,
CO2
 Sandpaper
Variables A.
 Manipulated variable:
Type of metal oxide
 Responding variable:
Intensity of flame
 Controlled / Fixed series of metals
variable: Carbon Apparatus  Combustion tube
powder  Porcelain dish
 Flat-bottomed flask
B.  U-tube
 Thistle funnel
 Manipulated variable:  Delivery tube
Type of metal  Bunsen burner
 Responding variable:  Retort stand and
Intensity of flame clamps
 Controlled / Fixed  Stopper with 1 hole
variable: Carbon  Stopper with 2 holes
dioxide gas and the
conditions of reaction Material  2.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric
acid, H2SO4
 1.0 mol dm-3 copper(II)
. sulphate, CuSO4
solution
Number Laboratory Work 3,8  Zinc granules
Pg. 89  Solid copper(II) oxide
Title The position of hydrogen in  Solid zinc oxide
the reactivity series of metals  Solid lead(II) oxide
(Demonstration by teacher)  Solid iron(III) oxide
 Anhydrous calcium
Aim To determine the position of
chloride
hydrogen in the reactivity
series of metals
Variables  Manipulated variable:
Problem How is the position of
Statement hydrogen in the reactivity Different types of
metal oxides
series of metals determined?
 Responding variable:
Hypothesis Hydrogen is placed between
Intensity of
zinc and iron in the reactivity
flameControlled /
 Fixed variable:  Light bulb  Wooden splinter
Hydrogen gas and the  A pair of tongs
conditions of reaction  Spatula
.
B. Electrolytic cell involving
. aqueous electrolyte Number Laboratory Work 3.10
Pg. 97
Number Laboratory Work 3.9  Battery
Title Oxidation and reduction in
Pg. 95  Connecting wire with
chemical cells
crocodile clips
Title Oxidation and reduction in Aim To investigate the oxidation
 Electrolytic cell
electrolytic cells and reduction in chemical cells
 Carbon electrode
Aim To investigate oxidation and
 Switch Apparatus  Porous pot
reduction in electrolytic cellsA.
 Ammeter  Voltmeter
Electrolytic cell involving
 Light bulb  Connecting wires with
molten electrolyteB. crocodile clips
 Small test tube
Electrolytic cell involving
 Beaker  Beaker
aqueous electrolyte
 A pair of tongs  Measuring cylinder
Apparatus A. Electrolytic cell involving
molten electrolyte
Material A. Electrolytic cell involving Material  1.0 mol dm-3 copper(II)
molten electrolyte sulphate, CuSO4
 Crucible solution
 Cardboard  1.0 mol dm-3 zinc
 Solid lead(II) bromide,
 Battery sulphate ZnSO4
PbBr2
 Connecting wire with solution
crocodile clips  Copper strip
B. Electrolytic cell involving
 Tripod stand  Zinc strip
aqueous electrolyte
 Bunsen burner  Sandpaper
 Pipe-clay triangle
 0.5 mol dm-3 potassium
 Carbon electrode
iodide, KI solution
 Switch .
 Starch solution
 Ammeter
 Sandpaper
Number Laboratory Work 3.10 (Similar  Filter paper strip
experiment)
Pg. 97
Title Oxidation and reduction in
voltaic cell with a salt bridge
Aim To investigate the oxidation
and reduction in chemical cells
Apparatus  Voltmeter
 Connecting wires with
crocodile clips
 100 cm3 beakers
 Measuring cylinder

Material  1.0 mol dm-3 copper(II)

sulphate, CuSO4
solution
 1.0 mol dm-3 zinc
sulphate ZnSO4
solution
 1.0 mol dm-3 lead(II)
nitrate Pb(NO3)2
solution
 1.0 mol dm-3 iron(II)
sulphate FeSO4 solution
 Copper plate
 Zinc plate
 Lead plate
 Iron nail
 Sandpaper
 Saturated potassium
chloride, KCl solution