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Location, Geometrics

and Drainage of
Highways

Engr. Jefferson R. Vallente Jr., M.PICE, Assoc.TSSP, M.EASTS


Highway Surveys and Location
• Involves for key phases:
• Office study of Existing
Information
• Reconnaissance Survey
• Preliminary Location Survey
• Final Location Survey
Office study of Existing Information
• Taken from existing engineering reports, maps,
aerial photographs, and charts, which are available
from
• Transportation: Department of Public Works and
Highways (DPWH) or the Municipal/City Engineer’s
Office, Department of Transportation (DOT)
• Agriculture: Department of Agriculture (DA) of the
Municipal/City Agriculture Office
• Geology & Mining: DENR - Mines and Geosciences
Bureau (MGB) or Municipal/City Planning Office
• Hydrology: Department of Public Works and Highways
(DPWH) – Bureau of Research and Standards,
Hydrology Division.
Data: Engineering and Topography
Data: Geology, Climate
Data: Traffic Volume
Reconnaissance Survey
• Field of Aerial surveys taking into consideration the following:
• Terrain and soil conditions
• Serviceability of route to industrial and population areas
• Crossing of other transportation facilities, such as rivers, railroads and highways
• Directness of route
Preliminary Location Survey
• Economic Evaluation
Environmental Evaluation
Final location Survey
Sample of Horizontal Alignment
Sample of Horizontal Alignment
• Splines are used to obtain
hand-fitted smooth curve
that fits in with the
requirements of grade,
cross-sections, curvature,
and drainage
• Usually a trial and error
process
• Computer-based
techniques has significantly
enhanced the process.
Principles of
Highway
Location
and Urban
Planning

Engr. Jefferson R. Vallente, Jr., M.PICE, Assoc. TSSP, M.EASTS


Principles in Urban Planning for Road Design
• Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City
• published in Howard’s 1903
treatise “Garden Cities of To-
Morrow.” Howard wanted to
design an alternative to the
overcrowded and polluted
industrial cities of the turn of the
century, and his solution centered
on creating smaller “garden cities”
Principles in Urban Planning for Road Design
• Le Corbusier’s Radiant City
• Le Corbusier was trying to find a fix
for the same problems of urban
pollution and overcrowding, but
unlike Howard, he envisioned
building up, not out.
Principles in Urban Planning for Road Design
• Frank Lloyd Wright’s Broadacre
City
• America’s 1785 Land
Ordinance divided most of the
country’s unsettled interior west
of the Ohio River into a neat grid
of townships 6 square miles in size
(each containing 36 square-mile
parcels of land for the kind of
agrarian, land-owning society
Thomas Jefferson envisioned)
Principles in Urban Planning for Road Design
• The Street Grid
• The simple, rational street grid
has been a default choice of
planners for centuries (one
that was widely discarded in
the U.S. in the 1950s as we
moved into suburbs and cul-
de-sacs)
Principles in Urban Planning for Road Design
• The Megaregion
• Planners increasingly talk today about issues
involving transportation, the economy and the
environment not at the scale of communities or
cities, but within whole regions where multiple
metros link together. The “megaregion” concept
isn’t new, though. This 1961 map from Jean
Gottman’s book Megalopolis illustrates one
continuous Northeastern megaregion from
Washington, D.C., to Boston.
Principles in Urban Planning for Road Design
• The Transect
• Transects have been used by planners as a visual tool to divide
landscapes into multiple uses
Principles in Urban Planning for Road Design
Results: Setback Principle
Psychogeography

• Their approach helped give way to a new emphasis in planning on bottom-


up citizen experience and input
The Hockey Stick
• This famous image from
climate scientist Michael
Mann illustrates the spike
in temperatures in the
Northern Hemisphere
since the beginning of
the Industrial Revolution.
SPUR ends its exhibition
with this diagram to draw
attention to the link
between “smart growth”
and climate change.
"That has become really
the organizing narrative
of planning in the 21st
Century,” Grant says.
Location of Recreational and Scenic Routes
• 1. Design speeds are usually
low, and therefore special
provisions should be made to
discourage fast driving.
• 2. Conflict between the
driver’s attention on the road
and the need to enjoy the
scenic view is minimized.
• 3. Location should be such
that minimum disruption is
caused to the area.
Location of Highways in Urban Areas
• Connection to local streets
• Right-of-way acquisition
• Coordination of the highway
system with other
transportation systems
• Adequate provisions for
pedestrians
Principles of Bridge Location
• highway location
should determine the
bridge location, not
the reverse.
Principles of Bridge Location
• Vancouver Pedestrian Bridge, Canada
• North Brabant Province, The Netherlands
Highway
Earthwork and
Final Plans

Engr. Jefferson R. Vallente, Jr., M.PICE, Assoc. TSSP, M.EASTS


Highway Earthwork and Final Plans

• It is common practice in earthwork


construction to move suitable
materials from cut sections to fill
sections to reduce to a minimum the
amount of material borrowed from
borrow pits.
Daily Quiz
• Solve for the Mass
ordinates for 5

stations 0-10. Show


55
your answer in table 65
format by showing
end areas of cut &
fill, volumes of total
cut & fill, net volume
of cut and fill and a
shrinkage factor
using the last two
digits of your XU ID
number
DPWH Design Standards
• Online Resources/DPWH Standards on Thickness and
Pavement/DPWH DO_011_S2014 Design Standards for Tourism and
Farm to Market Roads.pdf
• Online Resources/DPWH Standards on Thickness and
Pavement/DPWH do_040_S2014 Prescribing minimum design
standard for portland cement concrete pavement in roads leading to
port.pdf
• Online Resources/DPWH Standards on Thickness and
Pavement/DPWH General Notes for Roads Drainage and
Structures.pdf
DPWH Design Standards
• Online Resources/DPWH Environmental Impact
Assessement/DO_057_s2016 EIA for DPWH infrastructure projects
and tree cutting permit application.pdf

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