Engr. Jefferson R. Vallente Jr., M.PICE, Assoc.TSSP, M.EASTS
Highway Surveys and Location • Involves for key phases: • Office study of Existing Information • Reconnaissance Survey • Preliminary Location Survey • Final Location Survey Office study of Existing Information • Taken from existing engineering reports, maps, aerial photographs, and charts, which are available from • Transportation: Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) or the Municipal/City Engineer’s Office, Department of Transportation (DOT) • Agriculture: Department of Agriculture (DA) of the Municipal/City Agriculture Office • Geology & Mining: DENR - Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) or Municipal/City Planning Office • Hydrology: Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) – Bureau of Research and Standards, Hydrology Division. Data: Engineering and Topography Data: Geology, Climate Data: Traffic Volume Reconnaissance Survey • Field of Aerial surveys taking into consideration the following: • Terrain and soil conditions • Serviceability of route to industrial and population areas • Crossing of other transportation facilities, such as rivers, railroads and highways • Directness of route Preliminary Location Survey • Economic Evaluation Environmental Evaluation Final location Survey Sample of Horizontal Alignment Sample of Horizontal Alignment • Splines are used to obtain hand-fitted smooth curve that fits in with the requirements of grade, cross-sections, curvature, and drainage • Usually a trial and error process • Computer-based techniques has significantly enhanced the process. Principles of Highway Location and Urban Planning
Engr. Jefferson R. Vallente, Jr., M.PICE, Assoc. TSSP, M.EASTS
Principles in Urban Planning for Road Design • Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City • published in Howard’s 1903 treatise “Garden Cities of To- Morrow.” Howard wanted to design an alternative to the overcrowded and polluted industrial cities of the turn of the century, and his solution centered on creating smaller “garden cities” Principles in Urban Planning for Road Design • Le Corbusier’s Radiant City • Le Corbusier was trying to find a fix for the same problems of urban pollution and overcrowding, but unlike Howard, he envisioned building up, not out. Principles in Urban Planning for Road Design • Frank Lloyd Wright’s Broadacre City • America’s 1785 Land Ordinance divided most of the country’s unsettled interior west of the Ohio River into a neat grid of townships 6 square miles in size (each containing 36 square-mile parcels of land for the kind of agrarian, land-owning society Thomas Jefferson envisioned) Principles in Urban Planning for Road Design • The Street Grid • The simple, rational street grid has been a default choice of planners for centuries (one that was widely discarded in the U.S. in the 1950s as we moved into suburbs and cul- de-sacs) Principles in Urban Planning for Road Design • The Megaregion • Planners increasingly talk today about issues involving transportation, the economy and the environment not at the scale of communities or cities, but within whole regions where multiple metros link together. The “megaregion” concept isn’t new, though. This 1961 map from Jean Gottman’s book Megalopolis illustrates one continuous Northeastern megaregion from Washington, D.C., to Boston. Principles in Urban Planning for Road Design • The Transect • Transects have been used by planners as a visual tool to divide landscapes into multiple uses Principles in Urban Planning for Road Design Results: Setback Principle Psychogeography
• Their approach helped give way to a new emphasis in planning on bottom-
up citizen experience and input The Hockey Stick • This famous image from climate scientist Michael Mann illustrates the spike in temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. SPUR ends its exhibition with this diagram to draw attention to the link between “smart growth” and climate change. "That has become really the organizing narrative of planning in the 21st Century,” Grant says. Location of Recreational and Scenic Routes • 1. Design speeds are usually low, and therefore special provisions should be made to discourage fast driving. • 2. Conflict between the driver’s attention on the road and the need to enjoy the scenic view is minimized. • 3. Location should be such that minimum disruption is caused to the area. Location of Highways in Urban Areas • Connection to local streets • Right-of-way acquisition • Coordination of the highway system with other transportation systems • Adequate provisions for pedestrians Principles of Bridge Location • highway location should determine the bridge location, not the reverse. Principles of Bridge Location • Vancouver Pedestrian Bridge, Canada • North Brabant Province, The Netherlands Highway Earthwork and Final Plans
Engr. Jefferson R. Vallente, Jr., M.PICE, Assoc. TSSP, M.EASTS
Highway Earthwork and Final Plans
• It is common practice in earthwork
construction to move suitable materials from cut sections to fill sections to reduce to a minimum the amount of material borrowed from borrow pits. Daily Quiz • Solve for the Mass ordinates for 5
stations 0-10. Show
55 your answer in table 65 format by showing end areas of cut & fill, volumes of total cut & fill, net volume of cut and fill and a shrinkage factor using the last two digits of your XU ID number DPWH Design Standards • Online Resources/DPWH Standards on Thickness and Pavement/DPWH DO_011_S2014 Design Standards for Tourism and Farm to Market Roads.pdf • Online Resources/DPWH Standards on Thickness and Pavement/DPWH do_040_S2014 Prescribing minimum design standard for portland cement concrete pavement in roads leading to port.pdf • Online Resources/DPWH Standards on Thickness and Pavement/DPWH General Notes for Roads Drainage and Structures.pdf DPWH Design Standards • Online Resources/DPWH Environmental Impact Assessement/DO_057_s2016 EIA for DPWH infrastructure projects and tree cutting permit application.pdf