Maintenance Handbook On Audio Frequency Track Circuit Ver2 PDF

Hkkjr ljdkj GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
jsy ea=ky; MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS
vkWfM;ks fÝDosalh VªSd lfdZV

ij vuqj+{k.k iqfLrdk
MAINTENANCE HANDBOOK ON
AUDIO FREQUENCY TRACK CIRCUIT
dSeVsd@,l@izkStsDV@2013&14@,pch&, ,Q Vhlh@2-0
CAMTECH/S/PROJ/2013-14/HB-AFTC.2.0
ebZ 2013
MAY 2013
egkjktiqj] Xokfy;j & 474005

MAHARAJPUR, GWALIOR – 474 005
Click for Contents

izkDdFku
Hkkjr ljdkj VªSd lfdZV jsyxkMh ds okguks dk VªSd ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa ij irk yxkrs gSa vr% os
ladsr vfHk;kaf=dh esa ,d egRoiw.kZ dk;Z djrs gSaA vkWfM;ks fÝDosalh Vªsd lfdZV Hkh bl izdkj dk Vªsd
lfdZV ftlds vius ykHk gSaA vkWfM;ks fÝDosalh Vªsd lfdZVksa dks Hkkjrh; jsyos ds fofHkUu LVs’kuksa rFkk
lsD’kuks ij yxk;k x;k gSaA ftles b.VjehfM;sV CykWd flxufyax rFkk vkWVksesfVd CykWd flxufyax
lsD’ku lfEefyr gSaA
dSeVsd fujUrj mPp vuqj{k.k jhfr;ksa lac/kh lwpukvksa ds izys[ku rFkk mUu;u djus gsrq
iz;kljr gSA mijksDr fo"k; ij rS;kj dh xbZ ;g gLriqfLrdk bl fn’kk esa ,d vkSj dne gSA eSa vk’kk
djrk gwWa fd Kkuo/kZu rFkk iz.kkyh ds vuqj{k.k esa ;g gLriqfLrdk ladsr vuqj{k.k dfeZdks ds fy;s
lgk;d gksxhA
dSeVsd] Xokfy;j v- jk- rqis

fnukad 31-5-2013 dk;Zdkjh funs’kd
Click for Contents

FOREWORD
Track circuits detect presence of train vehicles on different portions of track and
hence play a vital role in signalling. Audio Frequency Track Circuit is one of such types
which has its own advantages. Audio Frequency Track Circuits have been installed on
various stations as well as sections of Indian Railways including Intermediate Block
Signalling and Automatic Signalling sections.
CAMTECH is continuously making efforts in documentation and upgradation of

information on advanced maintenance practices. This handbook prepared on the
subject is a step further in this direction. I hope that this handbook will be helpful for the
signal maintenance personnel in updating their knowledge and maintaining the system.
CAMTECH Gwalior A.R.Tupe

Date: Executive Director
Click for Contents

Hkwfedk
tksM jfgr vkWfM;ks fÝDosalh Vªsd lfdZV] ijEijkxr Vªsd lfdZVksa dg vis{kk ykHknk;d gSa
D;kasfd ;g fo/kqfrd`r {ks=ksa esa miyC/k VªSD’ku gkjeksfuDl dh otg ls mRiUu bUVQjsal ls vizHkkfor
jgrsa gSaA ,,QVhlh ds vuqiz;ksx LVs’ku {ks= esa LVsV lsD’ku rFkk ikWbZaV tksu esa gSa ,oa CykWd lsD’ku dks
lqfuf’pr djuk gSaA ftlesa vkWVksesfVd CykWd flxufyax lsD’ku gSA
bl gLriqfLrdk dks QhYM dfeZdks muds lsD’ku esa laLFkkfir vkWfM;ks fÝDosalh Vªsd lfdZVksa dk
vuqj{k.k dq’kyrk ls djus gsrq rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA lkekU; fofoj.k] laLFkkiu ds funZs’k] vuqj{k.k ds
funZs’k rFkk D;k djsa o u djsa bR;kfn ds vfrfjDr bl gLriqfLrdk esa v-vk-eka-l- }kjk vuqeksfnr
fuekZrkvksa ds ,,QVhlh ls lacaf/kr tkudkjh dks Hkh lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA
ge Jh fujkyk dfV;kj] ea fl nwj la v@ladsr@ ubZ fnYyh mRrj jsYos] eSa- vkWYLVke] eS-
lhesal] eS- ckEckfMZ;j eS- vulkWYMks rFkk QhYM dfeZdks ds vkHkkjh gSa ftUgksaus bl gLriqfLrdk dks rS;kj
djus esa gekjh lgk;rk dh gSA
pwafd rduhdh mUu;u ,oa f’k{k.k ,d Øfed izfØ;k gS] vr% bl gLriqfLrdk eas ;fn dqN
tksMus ;k lq/kkjus dh vko’;drk eglwl dj ldrs gSaA ;fn ,slk gS rks Ñi;k vius lq>ko gesa bl
besay dirsntcamtech@gamil.com ij Hkstsa vFkok bl ij fy[k Hkstsa % mPp vuqj{k.k izks/kksfxdh dsUnz]
gksVy vkfnR;kt ds lkeus] egkjktiqj Xokfy;j ¼e-iz½ 474005A
dSeVsd] Xokfy;j fn-dq-;kno

fnukad 31-5-2013 la- funs’kd¼ladsr ,oa nwj-½
Click for Contents

PREFACE
The joint-less Audio Frequency Track Circuits have several advantages over
conventional track circuits and these are unaffected by the interference due to traction
harmonics in electrified area. AFTCs have applications in straight sections and point
zones of Station area as well as in proving of Block section including Automatic
Signalling section.
This handbook has been prepared to help the field personnel in efficiently
maintaining Audio Frequency Track Circuits installed in their section. Apart from general
overview, installation guidelines, maintenance instructions and do’s & don’ts the
handbook also covers sections containing information on AFTCs of RDSO approved
manufacturers.
It is clarified that this handbook does not supersede any existing provisions laid
down in Signal Engineering Manual, Railway Board publications and RDSO
publications. This handbook is not statutory and instructions given in it are for the
purpose of guidance only.
We are sincerely thankful to Shri Nirala Katiyar, Sr.D.S.T.E./Sig/New Delhi/Northern

Railway., M/s Alstom, M/s Siemens, M/s Bombardier, M/s Ansaldo and field personnel
who helped us in preparation of the handbook.
Since technological upgradation and learning is a continuous process, you may feel
the need for some addition/modification in this handbook. If so, please feel free to give
your comments on email address dirsntcamtech@gmail.com or write to us at Indian
Railways Centre for Advanced Maintenance Technology, In front of Adityaz Hotel,
Airport Road, Maharajpur, Gwalior (M.P.) 474005.
CAMTECH Gwalior D.K.M.Yadav

Date: Jt .Director (S&T)
Click for Contents

CONTENTS
vuqHkkx fooj.k Description Page No.
Section
izkDdFku Foreword IV
Hkwfedk Preface VI
fo"k; lwph Contents VIII
lq/kkj iphZ Correction Slip X
fMLDySej Disclaimer XII
I vkWfM;ks fÝDosalh Vªsd lfdZV Audio frequency track circuit

1.1 ifjp; Introduction 1
1.2 ykHk Advantages 1
1.3 eq[; Hkkx Main modules 1
1.4 fofHkUu Hkkxksa ds dk;Z Functions of various modules 2
1.5 bySDVªhdy lsijs’ku TokbZaV Electrical Separation Joint 3
(ESJ)
1.6 vksojySi tksu Overlap Zone 4
1.7 ,,QVhlh dk oxhZdj.k Classification of AFTC 4
1.8 ,,QVhlh ds foU;kl Configurations of AFTC 5
1.9 dk;Z ds fl/kkar Principle of working 5
1.10 vkjMh,lvks }kjk vuqeksfnr QesZa RDSO approved firms 6
II laLFkkiuk Installation
2.1 Ikfjp; Introduction 1
2.2 laLFkkiu gsrq lkekU; vuqns’k General installation guidelines 1
2.3 ,,QVhlh dh lhek ij VªSD’ku Traction return and cross- 2
fjVuZ rFkk ØkWflax ckWf.Mx bonding at termination of AFTC
2.4 ÝhDoaslh vyksds’ku Iyku rS;kj Preparation of Frequency 4
djuk allocation plan
2.5 dscy dksj Iyku rS;kj djuk Preparation of Cable Core plan 4
2.6 dscyksa dk ifj{k.k Testing of Cables 4
2.7 vkarfjd laLFkkiu Indoor installation 4
2.8 ckgjh laLFkkiu Outdoor installation 5
III , chch Vh 1&12 vkWfM;ks fÝDosalh ABB T1-21 Audio Frequency

Vªsd lfdZV Track Circuit
3.2 eq[; Hkkx System Composition 1
3.3 fÝDosalh ds vkcaVu dh ;kstuk Frequency allocation plan 3
3.4 rdfudh vkadMs Technical data 3
3.5 dscy fcNkus dh ;kstuk Cabling scheme 4
3.6 laLFkkiu gsrq funsZ’k Installation guidelines 4
3.7 ifj{k.k ,oa dk;kZfUor djuk Testing and commissioning 5
3.8 ,,QVhlh midj.kks dk Adjustment of AFTC equipment 7
lek;kstu
Click for Contents

Section
3.9 vuqj{k.k rFkk fujh{k.k Maintenance & Inspections 8
3.10 =qfV ds y{k.k rFkk fuokj.k Fault diagnosis and rectification 8
3.11 vko';d vkStkj @ midj.k Tools/Equipments required 9
IV lhesal ,QVhth ,l fjeksV QsM Siemens FTG-S Remote- fed,

dksMsM vkWfM;ks fÝDosalh Vªsd Coded Audio frequency track
lfdZV circuit
4.2 oxhZdj.k Classification 2
4.4 iz.kkyh dh jpuk System composition 3
4.5 dscy fcNkus gsrq ;kstuk Cabling scheme 7
4.6 VªSd ls la;kstu Track side connections 7
4.7 fÝDosalh o MkVk dksfMax dk Frequency and data coding 9
vkcaVu allocation
4.8 fÝDosalh rFkk fcV iSVuZ ¼MkVk½ Frequency and bit pattern 9
dksfMax Iyx (Data) coding plugs
4.9 iS jkehVj ntZ djuk Recording of parameters 10
4.10 vuqj{k.k Maintenance 10
4.11 ekud ywihax o xsy lsfVax Standard looping and gain 12
setting
4.12 vkStkj o ekius ds midj.k Tools and measuring 13
equipment
=qfV;ks ds y{k.k @ ,ybZMh Fault diagnosis /LED indicator 14-17
ladsrks ds fofHkUu Øe combinations
V vYLVkWe fMft dksM vkWfM;ks Alstom DIGI CODE Audio

fÝDosalh Vªsd lfdZV Frequency Track Circuit
5.2 oxhZdj.k Classification 1
5.3 iz.kkyh dh jpuk System description 2
5.6 fMft dksM ds dkMksZ dh tkudkjh Cards information 5
5.7 ,ybZMh ladsr ,oa ijh{k.k fcanq LED indications and testing 6
points
5.9 =qfV;ksa ds y{k.k Fault diagnosis 11
5.10 VwyfdV Tool kit 12
5.11 =qfV fuokj.k gsrq ¶ykspkVZ Troubleshooting Flowcharts 14-15
=qfV;ks ds y{k.k @ ,ybZMh Fault diagnosis /LED indicator 16-21
ladsrks ds fofHkUu Øe combinations
Click for Contents

Section
VI vulkYMks ;w ,e 71 vkWfM;ks Ansaldo UM71 Audio
fÝDosalh Vªsd lfdZV Frequency Track Circuit
6.2 iz.kkyh dh jpuk System composition 1
6.5 xsu lasfVax Gain setting 6
VII fuokjd vuqj{k.k Preventive Maintenance

7.1 vuqj{k.k gsrq tkap Maintenance checks 1
7.2 cká 'kaV }kjk ijh{k.k Testing with external shunt 2
7.3 vuqj{k.k ds le; lko/kkfu;ka Precautions during 3
maintenance
VIII D;k djsa o D;k u djsa Do’s & Don’ts

8.1 D;k djsa Do’s 1
8.2 D;k u djsa Don’ts 1
IX Ckgq/kk iwaNs tkus okys iz’u Frequently Asked Questions 1-2
Annex. I laf{kIr 'kCnkoyh Abbreviations
Annex. II lanHkZ References
Click for Contents

ISSUE OF CORRECTION SLIPS
The correction slips to be issued in future for this handbook will be numbered as follows:
CAMTECH/S/PROJ/2013-14/HB-AFTC/2.0# XX date .......
Where “XX” is the serial number of the concerned correction slip (starting from 01 onwards).
CORRECTION SLIPS ISSUED
Sr. No. of Date of Page no. and Item No. Remarks

Correction issue modified
Slip
Click for Contents

vLohÑfr
;g LIk"V fd;k tkrk gS fd bl iSe¶ySV esa nh xbZ tkudkjh Þflxuy bUthfu;fjax eSuqvyÞ]
jsYos cksMZ izdk'kuks rFkk v-vk-eka-l- izdk'kuks ds fdlh Hkh orZeku vkys[kksa dks foLFkkfir ugha
djrh gSA ;g nLrkost oS|kfud ugha gS oju blesa fn;s x;s funZs'k dsoy ekxZn'kZu gsrq gSaA ;fn
fdlh fcanq ij fojks/kkHkkl n`f"Vxkspj gksrk gS] rc Þflxuy bUthfu;fjax eSuqvyÞ] jsYos cksMZ
izdk'kuks rFkk v-vk-eka-l- ds ekxZn'kZu ;k tksuy jsYos ds funsZ'kksa dk ikyu djsaA
DISCLAIMER
It is clarified that the information given in this handbook does not supersede any
existing provisions laid down in the Signal Engineering Manual, Railway Board and
RDSO publications. This document is not statuary and instructions given are for
the purpose of guidance only. If at any point contradiction is observed, then SEM,
Railway Board/RDSO guidelines may be referred or prevalent Zonal Railways
instructions may be followed.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If you have any suggestion & any specific comments, please write to us:
Contact person : Director (Signal & Telecommunication)
Postal Address : Centre for Advanced Maintenance Technology, Maharajpur,

Gwalior (M.P.) Pin Code – 474 005
Phone : 0751 - 2470185
Fax : 0751 – 2470841
Email : dirsntcamtech@gmail.com
Click for Contents

CAMTECH/S/Proj/2013-14/HB-AFTC/2. 0 1
Section I
vkWfM;ks fÝDosalh Vªsd lfdZV
1.1 ifjp; Introduction
Conventional Track circuits have been found to be affected by the high levels of
interference due to traction harmonics present in AC or DC electrified areas. The joint-
less Audio Frequency Track Circuit (AFTC) is the solution in such sections since they
are immune to above interferences. The AFTC works with modulated signal in audio
frequency range and its extremities are defined electrically by the use of tuned circuit
techniques. AFTC conforms to IRS specification no.RDSO/SPN/146/2001.
1.2 ykHk Advantages

 AFTC can be universally used in AC, DC and Non-RE sections.
 Electrical separation joints define AFTC geographical boundaries.
 No insulation joint is required except in point zone where adjacent AFTC is from
different manufacturer or type of track circuit changes. Thus dependency on other
departments is minimized.
 AFTC has built-in time delay for picking up its relay hence separate slow to pick
up TPR is not required.
 Not affected by harmonics generated by Thyristor controlled locomotives as it
uses FSK/MSK principle for signal transmission.
 Both rails are available for traction return current.
 Suitable for longer length track circuits.
 Suitable for IB and Automatic Signalling section.
 Added safety with modulation (coding).
 Remote feeding upto 3 km possible.
1.3 eq[; Hkkx Main modules
The Audio Frequency Track Circuit system consists of following modules:

Table I
Section I – Audio Frequency Track Circuit May 2013

Click for Contents
Sr. Description Location

No.
1. Transmitter (Tx) 1 No.
2. Receiver (Rx) 1 No.
3. Trackside Tuning Units (TU) 2 Nos., one at Tx end and other at Rx end
4. Power Supply unit 2 Nos., one at Tx end and other at Rx end
5. Output relay 1 No., at Rx end
6. Leads/Connections and fastening to rails At both ends
7. Rail Bonds At both ends
8. Surge arrester 2 Nos., one for each tuning unit.
1.4 fofHkUu Hkkxksa ds dk;Z Functions of various modules
(a) Transmitter (Tx)

Transmitter generates and modulates audio frequency according to a scheme planned
along with the receiver.
(b) Track Tuning Unit (TTU)

The electrical separation of adjacent track circuits is obtained by tuning a short length
of track (about 20 metres) using tuning units. Each tuning unit offers low impedance
to the frequency of adjacent track circuit and prevents its influence.
(c) End Termination Unit (ETU)

It is used at the start and the end of section provided with AFTC. It is also used in
place of TTU for Centre fed arrangement or when the adjacent track circuit is of other
type or of different manufacturer. An insulated rail joint is normally provided beyond
the ETU within one metre.
(d) Receiver (Rx)

The receiver receives the correct track circuit signal via tuning unit and recognizes it
in quality (modulation or bit pattern) and in quantity (level or amplitude) and operates
the output relay accordingly. More than one receiver may be required for point zone
track circuit.
(e) Power Supply Unit

A common power supply unit generally feeds Transmitter and Receiver of two
adjacent AF Track Circuits. [Input230V/110V (nominal) 50 Hz ± 2.5 Hz single-phase
AC and gives output of 24 V DC]
(f) Leads/Connections and fastening to rails

For connecting Track Tuning Unit with Tx or Rx, Signalling cable or 6 quad cable
(0.9 sq.mm dia) is used. For connection of Tuning Unit to track, thick cable of 25
sq.mm dia. conductor (Aluminium or Copper) is used.
(g) Rail Bonds

Imbalance in traction return current associated with rails in both 25 KV AC traction
and 1500 V DC traction may cause damage to the AFTC equipment. To avoid this
different types of bonds are provided depending upon the configuration of AFTC.

Click for Contents
(i) S bonds
These are used in straight track circuit between two consecutive AFTCs of same
manufacturer. This consists of two semi-loops each delimited between its centre tap
and its connection point to the rail. The farther semi-loop of the S-bond is tuned to the
operating frequency of track circuit.
The other semi-loop is tuned to the
operating frequency of neighbouring
track circuit. An axle standing on the
S-bond occupies both the near and
advance track circuits thus causing
overlapping of the two track circuits so
that there is no detection gap. Fig.1.1 (a): S – bond
(ii) End bonds or Alpha bonds (Termination bonds)
These are used in the end of the track circuit
as terminal bond. These are provided along
with insulation joint for separating AFTC
with other type of track circuit
(Conventional DC/AC track circuit) or
AFTC of other manufacturer. For traction
return current the center of alpha bond to be
connected to next DC/AC track circuit or
AFTC of other make. Fig.1.1 (b): Alpha bond
(iii)Shunt bonds
These are provided at the termination of
AFTC whose adjacent section is non-track
circuited (End of AFTC).
Only insulation joints are provided for
separating two AFTCs in point zone track
circuits, if enough space is not available. S-
bonds can be provided if enough space is
available. Fig.1.1 (c): Shunt bonds
(h)Relay
Relay used shall be DC neutral line relay conforming to either specification no BRS
930A or K-50 type depending upon design.
(i)Surge arrester
The equipment is suitably protected against atmospheric voltage surges by provision
of surge arrestor between tuning unit and Transmitter/Receiver in order to limit the
harmful effects of lightning.
1.5 bySDVªhdy lsijs’ku TokbZaV Electrical Separation Joint (ESJ)

Electrical isolation between two adjacent AFTCs consists of a rail bond and a tuning
unit. The tuning unit is located in the trackside connection box and used to tune the
electrical joint to the relevant track circuit frequency.

Click for Contents
In the Fig.1.2 below, TU of

frequency f3 offers high
impedance to its own track
circuit frequency f3 and low
impedance (zero) to the adjacent
track circuit frequency f5 and
vice-versa.
Thus electrical isolation is

formed between these two track
circuits.
Fig.1.2: Electrical Separation Joint

Tuned Zone
The tuned zone comprises a measured length of track which is used for forming ESJ.
1.6 vksojySi tksu Overlap Zone

Overlap zone is the portion of tuned zone in which both the AFTC Relays drop when
it is shunted by 0.15 Ohms resistance.
Examples are given below.
Fig. 1.3 : Two adjacent AFTCs DT1 & DT2

A =Non-shunting zone of track circuit DT-2
B = Non-shunting zone of track circuit DT-1
C = Shunting zone of track circuit DT-1 and DT-2(Overlap zone)
1.7 ,,QVhlh dk oxhZdj.k Classification of AFTC
(a)As per type of modulating signal
(i)Non-coded
In this type of AFTC, the modulating signal is not coded.
(ii)Coded
In this type of AFTC, the modulating signal is bit coded with digital message.

Click for Contents
As bit coding of modulating signal enhances the safety, coded type track circuits are
preferred over the non-coded type.
(b)As per feeding arrangement
(i)Locally fed
In this arrangement, Tx, Rx, Power supplies to Tx and Rx and relay are kept in
trackside location boxes. Track repeater relay is only kept at relay room.
(ii)Remote fed
In this arrangement, Tx, Rx, Power supplies to Tx and Rx and relay, all equipments
are kept centrally in AFTC room, while tuning units are kept in trackside location
boxes.
1.8 ,,QVhlh ds foU;kl Configurations of AFTC

AFTC can be configured in two ways
(i) End fed

In this configuration, Transmitter is provided at one end and Receiver is provided at
the other end.
(i)Centre fed
Centre fed arrangement is provided when longer length of track circuit is used say
beyond 900 mtrs. Tx is provided at the centre of the track circuit, while Rx is installed
at both the ends of the track circuit.
1.9 dk;Z ds fl/kkar Principle of working
AFTC works on Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) technique, where the carrier
frequency is shifted between two frequencies close to each other.
The basic carrier frequency (Audio Frequency) and the modulating frequency are
generated by the Transmitter.
Carrier frequency and the modulating signal (Digital data) are fed to the FSK
modulator which generates output of higher frequencies and lower frequencies with
reference to modulating (Digital data) signal.
The modulated output signal after amplification and filtering is fed to the track
through tuning unit which forms a resonant R-L-C circuit along with connected rails
and bonds for the corresponding frequency band.
Audio Frequency voltage (AC) is fed to the track and a portion of track thus tuned to
a frequency receives maximum power from transmitter.
The signal transmitted through the rails is received by the receiver unit.
The receiver is tuned to the corresponding frequency through tuning unit.
The resonant R-L-C circuit formed by rails, bonds and tuning unit delivers maximum
power to the receiver.
The output from tuning unit is extended to a relay driver after amplification, filtering
and demodulation in the receiver.
The output of relay drive operates a 50 volt line relay conforming to BRS 930A or K-
50 relay when voltage with sufficient amplitude within prescribed frequency range is
received.

Click for Contents
The basic carrier frequency for each track circuit in a station shall be different from
adjacent track circuit to avoid mutual interference.
Fig.1.4: Block diagram for AFTC

1.10 vkjMh,lvks }kjk vuqeksfnr QesZa RDSO approved firms
Following are the RDSO approved firms for the manufacture, supply and installation of
AFTC on Indian Railways:
(i) For Coded type

1. M/s Alstom Projects India Ltd.., No.63, Trichy Road, Kannamapalayam Post,
Coimbatore -641 402.
2. M/s Siemens Ltd., Mobility Division, R&D and Technology Centre, Kalwa Works,
Thane-Belapur Road, Airoli Node, Navi Mumbai – 400 708.
(ii) For Non-coded type

1. M/s Bombardier Transportation India Ltd., Bombardier House, Race Course Circle,
Vadodara – 390 007.
2. M/s Ansaldo STS Transportation Systems India Pvt. Ltd., 35, SLV Complex, AVS
Compound, 80 feet Road, Koramangla, IV Block, Bangalore – 560 034.
 

Click for Contents
Section II
laLFkkiuk
INSTALLATION
2.1 Ikfjp; Introduction

In this section, installation guidelines which are common to all types of AFTC have been
given. If there is any deviation for AFTC of a particular manufacturer, the same have
been given separately in the respective section.
2.2 laLFkkiu gsrq lkekU; vuqns’k General installation guidelines

Installation of AFTC is to be done as per installation manual of OEM (Original
Equipment Manufacturer) by qualified engineers of OEM or approved agency.
Safety tests as specified by the manufacturers like Directionality test for S bonds,
Interference test, TSR tests and proper track circuit adjustment should invariably be
ensured and recorded before commissioning.
Provision of liners and pads under both the rails, proper drainage to avoid water logging
in the track, clearance of foot of the rails from ballast etc. are to be ensured.
As AFTC is inherently a double rail track circuit, it is recommended that bonding

practice should be adopted as per provisions of ACTM for Double Rail track circuits.
Tuning zone must not contain check / guard rails, level crossing, catch point / expansion
joint, TPWS (or AWS) track equipment, impedance bonds, old bypassed insulated rail
joints and structure bond / cross bond.
Maximum permissible cable lengths between Transmitter (TX) & its TU (Tuning Unit)
and Receiver (Rx) & its TU with 0.9 mm dia. copper conductor of quad cable shall be
within specified limits as per the technical and installation manuals of AFTC.
TX and Rx of same track circuits should not run in one cable. Receivers of different track
circuits having same frequency should not run in one cable. Similarly, Transmitters of
different track circuits having same frequency should not run in one cable.
Cable compensating resistance, line matching unit, end terminating unit, approved type
equi-potential /S / Alpha/ Shunt bond etc. shall be used as applicable.
As design of AFTC is specific to make, it would be preferable not to install variety of

AFTCs in a section from maintenance point of view.
At boundary of AFTC of one make with another make or DC track circuit, specified
arrangement as per AFTC’s technical and installation manuals should be provided and
continuity of traction return current path should be ensured and strengthened. General
guidelines in this regards are given in para 2.3 below.
Section II – Installation Click for Contents

May 2013
2.3 ,,QVhlh dh lhek ij VªSD’ku fjVuZ rFkk ØkWflax ckWf.Mx Traction return and cross-
bonding at termination of AFTC
2.3.1Termination with non-track circuited portion

A shunt bond is provided at the termination.
Fig2.1: Termination of AFTC with non-track circuited portion
2.3.2 DC Traction Area

(a) Termination with conventional AC Track Circuit
A pair of insulation joints and impedance bond at the termination are provided.
Fig.2.2: Termination with conventional AC Track Circuit
(b) Termination with AFTC of other manufacturer

A pair of insulation joints and back to back alpha bonds at the termination are
provided.

May 2013
Fig.2.3: Termination with AFTC of other manufacturer

(c) Return path of sub-station and parallel tracks
The traction return path is provided through DC impedance bond of suitable
capacity. Connection either to power substation or to parallel tracks is realized
through the center tap of impedance bonds.
Fig.2.4: Return path of sub-station and parallel tracks
2.3.3 AC Traction Area

(a) Termination with conventional DC Track Circuit
A pair of insulation joints are provided at the termination and the traction return
path is provided through Terminal bonds shown in Fig. below.:
Fig.2.5: Termination with conventional DC Track Circuit
(b) Termination with AFTC of other manufacturer

A pair of insulation joints and back to back Alpha bonds are provided.

May 2013
Fig.2.6: Termination with AFTC of other manufacturer
Note: The traction return path is provided through centre tap of terminal (Alpha) bonds.
2.4 ÝhDoaslh vyksds’ku Iyku rS;kj djuk Preparation of Frequency allocation plan
The railway has to prepare frequency allocation plan and installation plans jointly with
the OEM.
The Frequency allocation plan is based on the approved Interlocking Plan (I.P.) and lists
out Frequency distribution, Track Circuit name, Track Circuit Length, Bit code (For
coded type AFTC) and Electric Joint layout.
AFTCs of different frequencies are to be installed alternatively as per Frequency
allocation plan.
2.5 dscy dksj Iyku rS;kj djuk Preparation of Cable Core plan
The Cable Core Plan lists out Quad cable distribution from Relay Room to Outdoor
equipment.
Separate quad cable should be used for Transmitter & Receiver irrespective of main and
tail cable.
Armours of each quad cable to be earthed at location boxes and at the tuning unit.
2.6 dscyksa dk ifj{k.k Testing of Cables

Minimum Insulation resistance between each pair at CT Rack should be more than 10
mega Ohms/Km. Loop resistance of each pair should be recorded and maintained
separately. It shall be maximum resistance of 56 Ohm/Km at 20 deg C.
2.7 vkarfjd laLFkkiu Indoor installation

Indoor Installation mainly involves erection of main rack and configuration of sub
assembly in the main rack.

May 2013
Fig. 2.7: A typical AFTC indoor wiring plan

 Erection of Main Equipment rack.
 Rack Arrangement Plan: It describes AFTC equipment rack arrangement with
Track Circuit distribution in each rack.
 Assembly of Sub-rack in the main rack based on Rack Arrangement Plan.
 Power Wiring
 Relay Wiring
 Earthing & Surge protection
Note: If Tx, Rx and Power Supply units are installed in outdoor location box, then only
relay wiring is required in cabin/relay room.
2.8 ckgjh laLFkkiu Outdoor installation

Outdoor Installation mainly involves following items
 Laying of Quad cable.

 Erection of Tuning Units.
 Laying of electric joint and completing the TU to Rail connections.
 Assembly of Tuning Unit in the Mounting stand
 Connection between TU and rails. Copper bush to be riveted in the rails before
making connection with rails.
 Cable Wiring.
 Finally the Tuning to be done in Tuning Units.

May 2013
Fig. 2.8: A typical AFTC outdoor plan
2.8.1 Connection of 25 sq. mm copper cable from TU to rail
For connecting 25 sq. mm Copper cable to rail web:

Drill a hole of 19 sq. in the rail web.
Insert 12 mm Hex. Head Bolt.
Insert Copper bush and Rivet using Hydraulic tool.
Insert 25 Sq.mm Lug for connecting the cable.
Tighten with washers and nuts as shown in Fig. below
Fig.2.9: 25 sq. mm copper cable with lug

May 2013
Fig 2.10.: Arrangement for connection of 25 sq. mm copper cable to rail
2.8.2 Connection of Electric joint to rail

For connection of electric joint (S-bond, Alpha bond or Shunt bonds) to rail web:
Drill a hole of 19 sq. in the rail web.

Insert 12 mm Sq.Head Bolt .
Insert Copper bush and Rivet using Hydraulic tool.
Insert 12 mm Square Head Bolt
Tighten with washers and nuts as shown in Fig. below
Connect the electric joint cable using CAD-weld.

May 2013
Fig.2.11: Arrangement for connection of Electric joint cable to rail
Fig.2.12: Connection of Electric joint cable to rail using CAD-Weld
After proper connection, AFTCs should be energized continuously before

commissioning.


May 2013
Section III
, chch Vh 1&12 vkWfM;ks fÝDosalh Vªsd lfdZV

ABB T1-21
This system is non-coded type and operates on Frequency Shift Principle where the
carrier frequency is shifted between two frequencies close to each other at the rate of
modulating frequency (4.8 Hz). The carrier frequency is shifted by + 17 Hz into two
frequencies at the rate of 4.8 Hz. Both these frequencies are detected independently and a
number of other checks are performed to ensure safety against false operation. This gives
a constant output only when both the frequencies are out of phase by 180 degrees.
There are eight nominal frequencies (A to H) in the range of 1.5 KHz to 2.6 KHz which
are employed to have eight types of track circuits as shown below. Any two types can be
used per track and combination of all eight types can be used for quadruple lines.
Type Nominal Actual Frequency band

Frequency Lower Limit Upper Limit
A 1699 Hz 1682 Hz 1716 Hz
B 2296 Hz 2279 Hz 2313 Hz
C 1996 Hz 1979 Hz 2013 Hz
D 2593 Hz 2576 Hz 2610 Hz
E 1549 Hz 1566 Hz 1532 Hz
F 2146 Hz 2163 Hz 2129 Hz
G 1848 Hz 1865 Hz 1831 Hz
H 2445 Hz 2462 Hz 2428 Hz
3.2 eq[; Hkkx Composition

The ABB-AFTC consists of
Sr. Description Quantity Description
No.
1. Transmitter 1 Transmitter is connected to terminals 4 & 5 of TU for
normal power mode and 1 & 2 for low power mode
(short track circuits of 50 to 250 M)
2. Tuning Unit 2 Each TU present offers low impedance to the
frequency of adjacent track circuit and prevents its
influence
3. End 1 In centre fed TC and at the start & end of a section
Termination provided with AFTC. Two types of ETU – One with
Unit 3 parallel branches of circuits for frequencies A, C, E
& G and other with two branches of circuits, for
frequencies B, D, F & H
Section III - ABB T1-21 AFTC May 2013
Click for Contents

Sr. Description Quantity Description

No.
4. Receiver 1 Receiver is always connected to terminals 1 & 2 of
TU
5. Power Supply 2 A common power supply unit generally feeds two
Unit adjacent AF Track circuits.
6. Output Relay 1 50 V 1350 Ohm, DC neutral relay to BRS :930
Fig. 3.1: Transmitter Fig. 3.2: Receiver
Fig. 3.3: Power Supply Unit Fig. 3.4: Track Tuning Unit
Click for Contents

3.3 fÝDosalh ds vkcaVu dh ;kstuk Frequency allocation plan

Before installation of AFTC, a frequency allocation plan has to be prepared. In T1-21
type of AFTC there are eight operating frequencies. The allocation of frequencies is done
as under:
A&B – paired frequencies for first line
C&D – paired frequencies for second line
E&F – paired frequencies for third line
G&H – paired frequencies for fourth line
For more than four tracks the above sequence is repeated. There should be minimum
separation of two lines, between track circuits of same frequency pair. On a continuously
welded track (CWR/LWR), only one pair of the frequency should be used on any track,
i.e. A/B, C/D, E/F or G/H. However, where insulated Rail joints are used, any
combination of frequencies may be used.
3.4 rdfudh vkadMs Technical data
1. Power Input (Nominal) 110 V AC 50 Hz

Supply Input tappings 5-0-95-105-115 V
Unit Output voltage 22.5 to 30.5 VDC
Output current 4.4 A (Max.)
Ripple 3V peak to peak
2. Track (a) End fed Low mode 50-250 meters
Circuit Normal mode 200-650 meters
length (b) Centre fed 450-1200 meters
3. Minimum ballast resistance 2 Ohm/Km
4. Minimum Train Shunt Resistance 0.5 Ohm (outside tuned area)
0.15 Ohm (inside tuned area)
5. Boundary of track circuit +/- 5 metres (max.) (from centre of tuned area)
6. Length of electrical separation joint 18.0 – 22.0 metres
7. Output relay 50 V/1350 Ohm, DC neutral relay to BRS:930
8. Current consumption of 24 V DC side Transmitter 2.2 A (Max.)
Receiver 0.5 A (Max.)
9. Transmitter power output (Max.) Low mode 3W
Normal mode 40 W
10 Maximum length of connecting cable (a) Transmitter & feed 30 metres
. between end tuning unit
(b) Receiver & Receiver 350 metres
end tuning unit
11 Receiver output 40 – 65 V DC
.
12 Maximum length of cable (19/1.8 Sq. Long cable 3.25 M
. mm Al.) between the tuning unit and Short cable 1.45 M
track.
Click for Contents

3.5 dscy fcNkus dh ;kstuk Cabling scheme

From cabin/relay room to outdoor location box - Quad cable - 0.9 mm dia
From outdoor location box (Tx or Rx) to Tuning Unit – 36/0.3 mm twin copper cable.
Lead wires from Tuning Unit to rail - 19/1.8 mm Aluminium cable using stainless steel
nuts and bolts of M10 X L40 size and copper tinned lug of 96 sq.mm, M10 round type
shall be used.
3.6 laLFkkiu gsrq funsZ’k Installation guidelines

AFTC of different frequencies are installed alternatively as per frequency allocation plan.
The units of the same frequency may be housed in the same location provided they are
fed from separate power supply units.
Tx, Rx, Power Supply Unit, Lightning arrestor and Relay should be fixed in a half/Full
sized location box near the track as close as possible to the Tuning unit.
The tuning unit should be fixed inside ME box, which can be mounted on stakes
supported by a concrete foundation as close to rail as possible.
All the rails, except those having

switch expansion joints and joints
inside tuned area, in a track
circuited portion shall be
longitudinally bonded with the
help of two 8 SWG GI wire.
For bonding switch expansion
joints and joints inside the tuned
area 19/1.8 mm Aluminium cable
using stainless steel nuts and bolts
of M10 X L40 size and copper
tinned lug of 96 sq. mm, M10
round type shall be used.
Fig.3.5: Installation of Tuning Unit
Fig.3.6: (a) Fixing arrangements (b) Channel pin used for connecting lead wire
Power supply unit can be used to supply any combination of Tx and Rx provided its 4.4
Amp. rating is not exceeded and all Tx & Rx frequencies are different.
On TU the Receiver is always connected to the terminal 1and 2, and the Transmitter is
connected to the terminal 4 and 5. Terminal 3 must be earthed.
Click for Contents

3.7 ifj{k.k ,oa dk;kZfUor djuk Testing and Commissioning

Before commissioning, certain parameters are required to be checked using a special
measuring instrument called Frequency Selective Meter (FSM) as shown below:
Fig.3.7: Frequency Selective Test Meter
3.7.1 Transmitter/Receiver Input Voltage/Current

Check Tx and Rx input supply voltage and current between terminals B24 and N24 of Tx
and Rx. The voltage and current should be as below:
Description Current Voltage

(DC)
Transmitter Mi Max Min. Max.
n. .
Low mode 0.2 0.4 22.5 30.5
A A A A
Normal mode 1.3 2.2 22.5 30.5

A A A A
Fig.3.8: Measurement of Tx input voltage
3.7.2 Transmitter output and Transmitter Tuning Unit Input Voltage

Check Tx output voltage at OP1 and OP2 and tuning unit input voltage at terminals
1&2/4&5 for low and normal mode respectively, using frequency selective meter unit.
The voltages should be as shown in Fig.3.9.
Short Mod terminal with B24 and N24 of transmitter respectively and check upper and
lower limits of carrier frequencies which should be as Track circuit frequencies.
Click for Contents

Type Transmitter Tx. Tuning

Unit
Output Voltage Input
Voltage
Min. Max. Min. Max.
A,C, E &G 10 V 11 V 08 V 11 V
AC AC AC AC
B,D,F&H 15 V 16 V 13 V 16 V
AC AC AC AC
Fig.3.9: Measurement of Tx output voltage
3.7.3 Transmitter and Receiver end Rail Voltage

Check the Tx and Rx end rail voltage at terminals T1 and T2 of the respective tuning
unit, by using frequency selective meter unit. Voltage should be as below:
Type of equipment
Description A,C,E &G B,D,E &H
Min. Max. Min. Max.
Transmitter
Low mode 0.8 V AC 1.7 V AC 0.8 V AC 1.7 V AC
Normal mode 4.5 V AC 5.3 V AC 5.8 V AC 6.6 V AC
Receiver
Low mode 0.5 V AC 0.9 V AC 0.5 V AC 0.9 V AC
Normal mode 0.4 V AC 1.6 V AC 0.4 V AC 1.6 V AC
3.7.4 Transmitter/Receiver end Rail Voltage at companion tuning units

Check Tx and Rx end companion tuning unit voltages at terminals T1 and T2, using
frequency selective meter unit. AC voltage should be as below:
Type of equipment
Description A,C,E &G B,D,E &H
Min. Max. Min. Max.
Transmitter
Low mode 70 mV 140 mV 0.8 V AC 1.7 V AC
Normal mode 375 mV 440 mV 5.8 V AC 6.6 V AC
Receiver
Low mode 40 mV 75 mV 25 mV 50 mV
Normal mode 30 mV 130 mV 20 mV 90 mV
Click for Contents

3.7.5 Receiver input current from Tuning Unit
Measure the voltage across 1 ohm resistor

connected in series with input of Rx.
Fig.3.10: Measurement of Rx
input current from TU
3.7.6 Receiver output relay voltage

Specified range
40 V to 65 V DC when relay is connected
120 V DC when relay is disconnected
3.8 ,,QVhlh midj.kks dk lek;kstu Adjustment of AFTC equipment

After ensuring that the equipment has been installed and connected properly, set the
power supply input tapping to match the 110 V AC and adjust the receiver gain as below:
3.8.1 Receiver gain table
Track Circuit length (in metres) Input wiring & Pick up current
Normal mode Low mode Pick up Inputs Loop Loop Gain
current
Min. Max. Min. Max. 1 2 1 2
-- -- -- -- 195 mA 1H 1L 1
-- -- -- -- 98 mA 1L 3L 1H-3H 2
200 240 -- -- 65 mA 3H 3L 3
240 300 50 90 49 mA 1H 3I 1L-3H 4
300 360 90 110 39 mA 1L 9L 1H-3L 3H-9H 5
360 415 110 140 33 mA 3L 9L 3H-9H 6
415 475 140 170 28 mA 1H 9L 1L-3L 3H-9H 7
475 535 170 200 24 mA 1L 9L 1H-9H 8
535 595 200 230 22 mA 9H 9L 9
595 655 230 250 20 mA 1H 9L 1L-9H 10
655 710 -- -- 18 mA 1L 9L 1H-3H 3L-9H 11
710 770 -- -- 16 mA 3H 9L 3L-9H 12
770 1000 -- -- 15 mA 1H 9L 1L-3H 3L-9H 13
3.8.2 Procedure
(i) Put Tx on Normal mode
Make proper communication arrangements between both ends.
Connect 1 ohm Train Shunt Resistance (TSR) across rails at receiver end Tuning Unit
(TU) and gradually go on reducing the gain till the relay drops.
Click for Contents

Now increase the TSR to 1.1 Ohm, the relay should normally pickup. If it does not, then
repeat the process with a TSR 1.2 and 1.3 Ohms.
If the relay is still de-energised, increase the gain. Relay should now pick up.
Reduce the TSR in steps of 0.1 Ohms. The relay must definitely drop out for TSR greater
than or equal to 0.8 Ohms.
(ii) Put Tx on Low mode

Connect 1.5 Ohm TSR across Rails at Rx End Tuning Unit connections. Go on reducing
the gain setting unless the relay drops.
Now increase the TSR to 1.6 Ohm, the relay should pick up. If the relay does not pickup,
repeat step 1 & 2 for TSR of 1.7 Ohms and 1.8 Ohms.
Increase the gain if relay is still de-energised, now the relay should pick up.
Reduce the TSR in steps of 0.1 Ohm. The relay should definitely drop out for TSR
greater than or equal to 1.3 Ohm.
3.9 vuqj{k.k rFkk fujh{k.k Maintenance & Inspections
(i) Fortnightly
Ensure that the “Singing Noise” produced by the equipment is present.
Measure the power supply output voltage and current.
Measure the Transmitter output voltage.
Measure the Reciever input current, if any adjustment is needed same shall be done as per
para
Measure the relay voltage.
Inspect the track circuit connection with the rails and interconnections between power
supply units, Tx, TUs, Rx and relay. Ensure that these are in order.
Conduct shunt drop test with TSR of 0.5 Ohm outside the tuned area and 0.15 Ohm
inside the tuned area.
Note: Switch OFF the companion Tx sharing the tuned area under test, by removing fuse
while measuring current/voltage of the equipment.
(ii) Quarterly
Check all nuts and bolts of tuning unit terminals and rail connection and ensure that these
are fully tight.
Check rail bonds.
Check the lightning arrestor and its connection.
Check the earthing of the equipment.
Check the Transmitter upper and lower carrier frequencies.
3.10 =qfV ds y{k.k rFkk fuokj.k Fault diagnosis and rectification

On failing both adjoining track circuits together, check power supplies, TU or
interconnections.
Always start checking from Tx end. Before starting a test, check TU to rail and
impedance bond to rail connections.
Click for Contents

(i) Transmitter end

Check “Singing noise” produced by Tx and TU. If it is available then check Rail to Rail
voltage at Tx end.
Connect a 0.5 Ohm TSR across the feed end TU rail connections. If rail to rail voltage is
reduced by 50% (approx.) then Tx end is OK.
Check 24 V DC power supply and current to Tx and the Transmitter output voltage. If
reading shows deviation from normal limit, the power supply unit, Tx or TU may be
faulty.
For integrity of interconnections, check I/P and O/P voltage of TU.
If rail to rail voltage is not within normal limits, either TU or the rail connections may be
faulty.
If the Companion TU voltage is not within normal limit, Companion TU is faulty. In that
case when T1 and T2 terminals of companion TU are shorted, the rail to rail voltage at
the TU of the failed track circuit becomes OK.
If Tx side is OK, patrol along the track checking bonds and insulation pads and metal
burrs etc.
(ii) Receiver end

If voltage at Rx TU unit rail connections is low, either TU or connection has failed.
If voltage at Companion TU is not within limit, it will be faulty. In that case if the rail to
rail voltage at the TU of failed track circuit becomes OK when T1 and T2 terminals of
Companion TU are shorted.
If Rx input current is very less than operation current (15 mA), then the Rx TU is faulty.
If Rx O/P is very less with a good power supply, change Rx.
Check relay connections and the voltage on coil terminals, if not adequate change the
relay.
3.11 vko';d vkStkj @ midj.k Tools/Equipments required

Frequency Selective Meter Unit (FSMU)
Multi Meter (Capacity -10 Amp.)
Frequency Meter (0.1 Hz – 10 KHz)
Shunt Resistance Box (0-2 Ohm in steps of 0.1 Ohm)
Box and Flat Spanners of different size (M5, M8 & M10)
Screw driver.
Crimping tool

Click for Contents

Section IV
lhesal ,QVhth ,l fjeksV QsM dksMsM vkWfM;ks fÝDosalh Vªsd lfdZV
SIEMENS FTG-S REMOTE- FED, CODED
FTGS is a remote fed AFTC with a frequency modulated AC voltage in which data is
coded into bits of odd and even streams. Audio frequency modulated (AC Voltage) and
coded signals generated by the transmitter card are fed to the feed end track through a
tuning unit and received at the receiver end tuning unit through rails. From receiver end
T.U. the signals are sent to the receiver card provided in the cabin through telecom
cables. Here the signals are demodulated and evaluated in two separate channels for
redundancy. If the codes of received signal match with the preset code, two track relays,
connected at the end of the channels in relay card (GF1, GF2) pick up. When the
transmitted signal voltages get shunted through the vehicle axle, the two track relays
(GF1,GF2) drop. Various LED indications are provided on each card to facilitate failure
detection. Various testing voltage can be measured at measuring sockets.
Fig.4.1: Schematic diagram for Siemens FTG –S AFTC
Section IV – Siemens FTG S AFTC May 2013

Click for Contents
4.2 oxhZdj.k Classification

There are two types of track circuits with twelve operating frequencies and 15 bit
patterns, to be provided within station limits and for outside the station limits.
FTG-S 917
It is for shorter track circuits within station limits. Operates on frequencies 9.5 kHz to
16.5 kHz. i.e. total 8 frequencies with a difference of 1 kHz between consecutive
frequencies. These have following variants:
(i) Standard (ST)(65VA)

(a) End fed (b) Straight line application (c) Lengths up to 350 m.
(ii) Central feed-in (M) (75VA)
(iii) Points (W) (75VA) - For Point zone with one turn out
(iv) Crossing (KR) (85VA) - For Point zone with two turn out or crossing track circuit
Operating frequencies are

f1= 9.5 KHz, f2=10.5 KHz, f3=11.5 KHz, f4=12.5 KHz, f5=13.5 KHz., f6=14.5 KHz,
f7=15.5 KHz, f8=16.5 KHz.
FTG-S 46
These are provided for longer track circuits outside station limits. Operate on frequencies
4.75 to 6.25 kHz i.e. total 4 frequencies with a difference of 0.5 kHz between them.
These have following variants:
(i) Standard Configuration (ST) (80VA)

(a) End fed (b) Straight line application (c) Lengths 350 m to 550 m
(ii) Central feed-in (M) (90VA)

(a) Centre fed (b) Straight line application (c) Lengths 550 m to 1000 m
Operating frequencies are

f9 = 4.75 KHz., f10=5.25 KHz, f11=5.75 KHz, f12=6.25 KHz.
Adjacent sections and sections in parallel tracks are operated with different frequencies to
prevent interaction.

Minimum Ballast Resistance - 1.5 ohms/km (ideal is 2.5 ohms/Km)
Maximum recommended TSR - 0.5 ohms (other than the tuned zone)
Power Supply -(i) 230V AC + 10% -15%, 50Hz. + 2%
Power Consumption:
FTGS - 46 FTGS - 917

(i) Standard Configuration (ST) - 80VA (i) Standard (ST) - 65VA
(ii) Central feed-in (M) - 90VA (ii) Central feed-in (M) - 75VA
(iii) Points (W) - 75VA
(iv) Crossing (KR) - 85VA

Click for Contents
Minimum effective length of Track circuit - 30 M.

Maximum effective length as per table below
Table I
Effective ranges for RB=1.5 Ohm X Km RB= 2.5 Ohm X Km
FTG S 917 Remote Ps St 917 M 917 W/K St 917 M 917
feeding 917
4.5 Km <= 1.0 Ohm 300 M 750 M YES 350 M 950 M
4.5 Km <=0.5 Ohm 350 M 850 M 400 M 1000 M
6.5 Km <= 0.5 Ohm 300 M 700 M 330 M 850 M
FTG S 46 Remote Ps ST 46 M 46 ST 46 M 46
feeding
6.5 Km <= 0.5 Ohm 600 M 1200 M 750 M 1500 M
Ps = Permissible Train Shunt St = Standard Layout

RB = Specific Ballast Resistance M = Centre-fed Layout
W/K = Layout for Points and Crossings
4.4 iz.kkyh dh jpuk System composition

System consists of indoor equipment and outdoor equipment
4.4.1 Indoor Equipment

It consists of two units - Evaluator and Power Supply Unit.
(a) Evaluator
This consists of a number of PCBs provided in one PCB frame mounted in a rack. In one
rack, upto 10 FTG-S track circuit evaluators can be installed. Each evaluator is provided
with a separate power supply unit. Front plate of the PCBs is equipped with LEDs for
indication of operational data and easy diagnosis of failures. Measuring sockets are
provided on each card to take readings and rectify the failures quickly.
Types of evaluator
FTG S 917 ST Evaluator
FTG S 46 ST Evaluator
FTG S 917 W Evaluator (For Point zone with one turn out)
FTG S 917 KR Evaluator (For Point zone with two turn out or crossing track circuit)
FTG S 46 M
Fig.4.2: FTG S 917 ST Evaluator

Click for Contents
Fig.4.3: FTG S 46 ST Evaluator
Evaluator consists of following plug-in type PCBs
Frequency dependant cards

(i) Amplifier and filter Card (No. S25533-B40 for FTGS 917)
Filter Card (No. S25533 –B42 for FTGS 46)
Fig.4.4: Amplifier &

Filter card
Due to the Frequency
Filter in these cards, each
frequency equipment has
its own filter cards.
(ii) Receiver I Card (S25533-B33)
(i) Due to the multi-step input

filters in this card, each
frequency requires its own
special card.
(ii) Each receiver section has
its own set of I L5, II L5, I
L6 and II L6 LEDs.
Fig.4.5: Receiver I Card

Click for Contents
Universal Cards
(i) Transmitter Card (No.S25533-B30)
This card can be

used for any
frequency/ bit
pattern just by
changing the
frequency coding
plug (chip)
Fig.4.6: Transmitter
card
(ii) Demodulator Card (No. S25533 -B35)
v) Relay card (Card No. B36 A4)
Fig.4.7: Demodulator Card
This card can be used for any frequency/bit patterns by changing the two nos. of bit
pattern coding plug (chips) on this card.
LEDs I L7 and II L7 of the receiver-2 board S25533-B39-A3 only light up if all L5 and
L6 LEDs of all associated receiver I and demodulator boards for channels I and II are
also on.

Click for Contents
(iii) Amplifier Card (No. S 25533-B41 for FTGS 46)

This card can be used for all the frequencies of FTGS 46 type Track Circuits.
(iv) Relay Card (No.S25533-B36)

The relay board has a two-channel structure. Both channels are identical and each has
a K50b metal to metal contact (2NC/2NO) signalling relay as an output relay. It has a
pick up time of 600 milli sec and drop away time of 250 milli sec.
(v) Receiver II Card (Card No. B-39A for straight track)

Two types of cards Receiver cards are available:
No.S25533-B39 – Used for Standard (ST) configuration Track Circuits of any

Frequency/Bit pattern.
No. S25533 – B34 – Used for Point configuration (having Rx1, Rx2) and Centre
Fed (M/W/KR) Track circuits of any Frequency/Bit pattern.
Fig.4.8: Receiver II Card
(vi) Coding board

The coding board S25533-B38-A1-*-4400 is required to program the mounting frames
FTG S 917 W (S25533-C10-A2-*-4400) FTG S 46 M (S25533-C14-A3-*-4400). This
board contains jumpers only.
When using the mounting frames S25533-C10-A2-*- 4400 as a point track circuit or
centre-fed track circuit, one coding board is required.
When using the mounting frames S25533-C10-A2-*- 4400 as a standard track circuit, a
second coding board is required.
When using the mounting frames S25533-C14-A2 or –A3 -*- 4400 as a standard track
circuit, one coding board is required.

Click for Contents
(vii) Dummy Board

Dependent on the board arrangement, not all the slots in the mounting frames are
equipped with boards. Dummy boards must be used in these gaps as protection against
accidental contact.
(b) Power supply Unit

Each track circuit has its own power supply unit behind the associated mounting
frame at the rear of the rack.
Input voltage = 110V AC or 220 V AC
Output voltage = + 5V DC, + 12 V DC
Measuring
sockets
Fig 4.9: Power Supply Unit Front view
4.4.2 dscy fcNkus gsrq ;kstuk Outdoor Equipment

Tuning units in track connection boxes - 2 Nos.
Trackside connection box cables. - for connecting TU to rail.
Rail bonds S-bonds, Shunt bonds, Termination bonds (Alpha bonds)
4.5 dscy fcNkus gsrq ;kstuk Cabling scheme

From cabin to Tuning Unit – Star quad cable of 0.9 mm core diameter
From Tuning Unit to rails - Copper ropes of diameter 25 sq mm
Rail bonds (S, Alpha or Shunt) – 16 mm dia steel wire ropes
4.6 VªSd ls la;kstu Track side connections

Transmitter TU
Cable from Relay room is connected to terminals 11&14.
Track lead wires to rail is connected to terminals 9 & 10.
Receiver TU
Track lead wires from rail is connected to terminals 9 & 10.
Cable to relay room is connected to terminals 15 & 20.

Click for Contents
Fig.4.10: TX & Rx Tuning Units in a trackside connection box and termination
Fig. 4.11: Electrical separation joint with S-bond and actual connections at site

Click for Contents
4.7 fÝDosalh o MkVk dksfMax dk vkcaVu Frequency and data coding allocation
For adjacent track circuit, same frequency or the very next frequency should not be
allotted. There should be a separation of at least one frequency with the exception of F8
and F9 since separation between these two frequencies is more. If same frequency is
repeated anywhere in the same yard/centralized place then ‘data’ must be different for the
other track circuit.
Restrictions
Frequency plan for more than two parallel tracks require interlacing of FTGS – 46 and
FTGS – 917 AFTCs.
FTGS-917 has limitation of 1 Km for remote feed against 2.9 Km for FTGS - 46 with 0.9
mm dia. copper conductor. For FTGS-917 to work for longer distance, 1.4 mm dia.
copper conductor is required.
AFTC in point zone requires insulation rail joints. FTGS-46 configuration cannot be used
in point zone. FTGS -917 is permitted for point track circuit with two receivers.
4.8 fÝDosalh rFkk fcV iSVuZ ¼MkVk½ dksfMax Iyx Frequency and bit pattern (Data) coding
plugs
Different frequency and bit pattern coding plugs are available to select the frequency and
data in the transmitter card and also select the reference data signal in the demodulator
card.
4.8.1Frequency coding plugs for Transmitter board only

The transmitter board must be set to the defined frequency using a plug in accordance
with S25533-A30-A1 to A12 -*- 4400 as given below:
Table II
Variant Frequency Coding plug
FTG-S 917 9.5 kHz S25533 – A30 –A1 - * - 4400
10.5 kHz S25533 – A30 –A2 - * - 4400
11.5 kHz S25533 – A30 –A3 - * - 4400
12.5 kHz S25533 – A30 –A4 - * - 4400
13.5 kHz S25533 – A30 –A5 - * - 4400
14.5 kHz S25533 – A30 –A6 - * - 4400
15.5 kHz S25533 – A30 –A7 - * - 4400
16.5 kHz S25533 – A30 –A8 - * - 4400
FTG –S 46 4.75 kHz S25533 – A30 –A9 - * - 4400
5.25 kHz S25533 – A30 –A10 - * - 4400
5.75 kHz S25533 – A30 –A11- * - 4400
6.25 kHz S25533 – A30 –A12- * - 4400
4.8.2 Bit pattern coding plug for Transmitter board and Demodulator board only
The predefined bit pattern must be set on the transmitter board using further plug in
accordance with S25533-A30-A22 to A40 -*- 4400. The associated demodulator boards
must each be equipped with two of the same plugs in accordance with S25533-A30-
A22 to A40 -*- 4400 as given below
Click for Contents
Table III
Bit Coding plug Bit Coding plug
pattern pattern
2.2 S25533 – A30 – A22- * - 4400 3.5 S25533 – A30 – A31- * - 4400
2.3 S25533 – A30 – A23- * - 4400 4.2 S25533 – A30 – A33- * - 4400
2.4 S25533 – A30 – A24- * - 4400 4.3 S25533 – A30 – A34- * - 4400
2.5 S25533 – A30 – A25- * - 4400 4.4 S25533 – A30 – A35- * - 4400
2.6 S25533 – A30 – A26- * - 4400 5.2 S25533 – A30 – A37- * - 4400
3.2 S25533 – A30 – A28- * - 4400 5.3 S25533 – A30 – A38- * - 4400
3.3 S25533 – A30 – A29- * - 4400 6.2 S25533 – A30 – A40- * - 4400
3.4 S25533 – A30 – A30- * - 4400
4.9 iSjkehVj ntZ djuk Recording of parameters

The following readings should be taken during periodical maintenance
(a) Power Supply Unit

Input to PSU – AC Volts (110 V AC + 15% )
Output of PSU – DC Volts (12 V DC + 1 V)
DC Volts (5 V DC + 0.5 V)
(b) Readings at Tx end

Frequency of AFTC – ……………KHz
Input to Tuning Unit (Terminal No. 11 & 14) ……Volts AC (Audio Frequency Voltage)
Output of Tuning Unit (Terminal No. 9 & 10) ……Volts AC
Voltage across the rails……Volts AC
(c) Readings at Rx end

Voltage across the rails……Volts AC
Input to Tuning Unit (Terminal No. 9 & 10) ……Volts AC (Audio Frequency Voltage)
Output of Tuning Unit (Terminal No. 15 & 20) ……Volts AC.
(d) Readings at Evaluator

For troubleshooting the voltage readings at the power unit and measuring sockets
provided on the evaluator can be taken. The permitted values are given in the table on
next page.
4.10 vuqj{k.k Maintenance

The boards of remote-fed audio frequency coded track circuits do not require any
maintenance, because they do not have any moving parts with wear and tear.

The reliable operation can be ensured by observing precautions and check points as given
in Section VII.
4.10.1 Testing voltages at measuring sockets

For troubleshooting purposes, the voltages at the power unit and measuring sockets of the
major components can be measured. The permitted values are given in the table below:

Click for Contents
Table IV
Sr. Card Description Socket Adjuster Permitted Actual Remarks
No. No. No. range range reading
(Sample
data)
1. B40/B41 Amplifier 1&2 20V AC 9 V to 12 (11.36 Square wave
Input V AC V) voltage
(Transmitter approx.18V
output) T=1/10= 69 to
210 us
2. B33 12 V Supply I-8 & II-8 20 V DC 11 V to 13 (12.3 V)
voltage V DC
3. B41 Amplifier 3.1 & 4.1 200 V AC 60 V to 90 (64.9 V) Square wave
Output V AC voltage
approx.100 to
150V with
peaks
4. B40/B42 Filter Card 3&4 200 V AC 30 V to (73.3 V) To track
100 V AC (before cable
stabilizing
resistor)
5. B30 A2 Tx Card LEDs -- -- (L2 L3) Observe
Flickering
Frequency
Code
6. B33 Rx I CH I I-5 & II-8 20V AC > 6.5 V AC (9 V ) With track
Input to < 20 V clear
AC
7. B33 Rx I CH II II-5 & II- 20V AC > 6.5 V AC (9 V ) With track
Input 8 to < 20 V clear
AC
8. B33 Rx I CH I I-5 & II-8 20V AC < 5 V AC (2.16 V ) With track
Input occupied
9. B33 Rx I CH II II-5 & II- 20V AC < 5 V AC (2.6 V) With track
Input 8 occupied
10. B33 Rx I CH I I-6 & II-8 20V DC 12 V to 15 (14.16
Output V DC V)
11. B33 Rx I CH II II-6 & II- 20V DC 12 V to 15 (14.24
Output 8 V DC V)
12. B33 Demodulator I-7 & II- 20/2 V AC 1.3 V to 2 (1.73 V)
Input CH I 8 V AC
13. B33 Demodulator I-7 & II- 20/2 V AC 1.3 V to 2 (1.8 V)
Input CH II 8 V AC
14. B39/34 Relay I-11 & I- 20 V DC 16.5 + 1 V (15.7 V)
Voltage CH I 12 DC
15. B39/34 Relay II-11 & 20 V DC 16.5 + 1 V (15.7 V)
Voltage CH II-12 DC
II

Click for Contents
4.11 Standard looping and gain setting
Voltage adjustment in Rx1 card

Standard input to Rx I card is 0.3 V to 2 V AC. To achieve this, following looping is
done in Rx unit:
3 -11 & 4 -13 – Low voltage
3 -12 & 4 - 13 – Medium voltage (Normal adjustment)
3 -11 & 4 - 12 – High voltage
No voltage adjustment to be done in Transmitter T.U.
Standard looping in Tuning unit

Table V
Type Looping
FTGS 917 Tx 2 - 8, 7 – 8
FTGS 917 Tx (without bond) Remove loop 7- 8, Remove GREY wire from terminal
9 and connect it to terminal 7
FTGS 917 Rx 2 - 8, 6 - 7, 3 - 11, 4 - 13
FTGS 917 Rx (without bond) Remove loop 6 - 7, Remove GREY wire from terminal
9 and connect it to terminal 7.
FTGS 46 Tx No looping
FTGS 46 Rx 3-11, 4-13
FTGS 46 Rx Remove loop 7-9, Remove GREY wire from terminal 9
(without bond) (Centre fed) and connect it to terminal 7
Gain setting through DIP switches in RX1 card

For gain setting, DIP switches are provided in the card numbered from 1 to 10. The
following are the combinations of DIP switches to achieve different gain settings:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON Highest Gain
ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF
ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF
ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF
ON OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF
OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON Normal Gain
OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON
OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF
OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF
OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF
OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF
OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF
OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF
OFF ON OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF
OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF Lowest Gain
Fig. 4.12: Gain setting through DIP switches in RX1 card

Click for Contents
4.12 vkStkj o ekius ds midj.k Tools and measuring equipment
Outdoor equipment
Frequency Selective Multimeter (Rishab 18S or similar)
Resistor module (S25533 –A5 –A1 – contains 0.5 Ohm and 1 Ohm resistors for axle shunt
simulation).
Tuning module (S25533-A31-A1)
2 rail clamps (C25211 – A76-B3)
Open-end, ring or box spanner, width across flats 13 mm.
3 mm. Allen key
3 mm screwdriver
3.5 X 0.5 mm. screwdriver (A2V00001156483) for WAGO terminals.
Indoor equipment
Frequency Selective Multimeter (Rishab 18S or similar)
Adapter board (S25533 – B50 –A1)
Potentiometer module (C25107 – A109 –A3)
1.5 mm screwdriver.



Click for Contents
Fault diagnosis/LED indicator combinations
Table VI ○ – LED OFF ● – LED ON/Flickering
Sr. Power Transmitter (B30)

Ampli- Ampli Receiver Demo- Receiver Relay Maintenance action
No. Unit fier -fier I B33 dulator II B39- module required/Remarks
B41 Filter B35 B34 B36
B40-
B42
12V 5V L1 L2 L3 L8 L9 L4.1 L4 I II I II I II GF1 GF2
L5 L5 L6 L6 L7 L7
1 ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● UP UP Section is clear (No
action required)
2 ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ DN DN Section is occupied or
see no.12
3 ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ DN DN Replace Amplifier
Filter Module FTGS
917 (B40) or FTGS 46
(B41)
4 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ DN DN Check voltages 110 V
AC, 12 V DC, 5 v DC;
if OK Replace
Transmitter Module
(B30)
5 ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ DN DN Check 12 V DC voltage
6 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ DN DN Check 110 V AC Fuse
7 ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ DN DN Check 5 V DC voltage
8 ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ DN DN Replace Transmitter
Module (B30)
9 ○ ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ DN DN Replace Transmitter
Module (B30)
10 ○ ○ ● ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ DN DN Replace Transmitter


B40-
B42
L5 L5 L6 L6 L7 L7
Module (B30)
11 ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ DN DN Replace Amplifier
Filter Module FTGS
917 (B40) or FTGS 46
(B42). If fault persists,
replace Transmitter
Module (B30) as well
12 ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ DN DN Check voltage between
measuring sockets I 5 &
II 8 on Receiver –I
Module (B33);
If Voltage < Permitted
Value: Check Voltage
between measuring
sockets 3 & 4 on
Amplifier Filter Module
(B40) and outdoor
equipment.
If Voltage >= Permitted
value : Replace
Receiver –I Module
(B33)
13 ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ○ UP DN Replace Receiver - I
Module (B33)
14 ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ○ ● DN UP Replace Receiver - I


B40-
B42
L5 L5 L6 L6 L7 L7
Module (B33)
15 ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ● ○ UP DN Replace Demodulator
Module (B35)
16 ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● DN UP Replace Demodulator
Module (B35)
17 ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ DN DN Replace Demodulator
Module (B35)
18 ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ○ DN DN Replace Transmitter
Module (B30);
Scanning pulse is
faulty.
19 ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ○ DN DN Connect Measuring
20 ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ● DN UP sockets E1 & E2 on
21 ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ UP DN Receiver – I Module
(B33): If LEDs I L6 and
II L6 on the
Demodulator Module
(B35) do not switch
OFF, Replace
Demodulator Module
(B35).
If LEDs I L6 and II L6
on the Demodulator
Module (B35) switch
OFF, Replace Receiver


B40-
B42
L5 L5 L6 L6 L7 L7
Module (B39 for Point
zone track circuit or
B34 for straight track
circuit).
Note: Preceeding track
circuit in a cascade
must be clear.
22 ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● DN DN Replace Relay Module
(B36)
23 ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● DN UP Replace Relay Module
(B36)
24 ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● UP DN Replace Relay Module
(B36)
○ – LED OFF ● – LED ON/Flickering

Section V
vYLVkWe fMft dksM vkWfM;ks fÝDosalh Vªsd lfdZV

ALSTOM DIGI CODE

The Alstom DIGICODE is a remote-fed, joint-less and coded Audio Frequency track
circuit. It can feed upto a maximum distance of 3.5 Km. It is designed as a track vacancy
detection system for railways (mainline and stations), underground, urban and suburban
railways. The system is modular in design and equipped with a diagnostic board
indicating the characteristic voltages and currents.
In Digi Coded AFTC system the Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) technique is used. A
train or vehicle is detected by feeding audio frequency signals with a specific protection
codes in the track.
Fig. 5.1: Block Diagram of DIGICODE AFTC
5.2 oxhZdj.k Classification

DIGICODE is available in two versions namely DTC 24 and DTC 921.
DTC 24
It is used for longer track circuits on main line. It can cater for track circuits length from
100 mtr. to 700 mtr. in case of end-fed configuration and upto 1000 mtr. in case of
centre-fed configuration. DTC 24 has following variants:
Section V – Alstom DigiCode AFTC Click for Contents

May 2013
DTC 24 (LF) – End fed.

DTC 24 (LF) – Center fed.
DTC 921
It is used for short length track circuits on main line, points and crossings. It can cater
track circuits length from 30 mtr. to 400 mtr. DTC 921 has following variants:
DTC 921 (HF) – End fed.

DTC 921 (HF) – 2 Receiver (Point zone)
DTC 921 (HF) – 3 Receiver (Point zone)
Operating frequencies and code allocation
Table I - DTC 24
Carrier
Allowed
S. No. Frequency Frequency (Hz)
Codes
name
1 F1 2100 C1,C2,C3
2 F2 2500 C4,C5,C6
3 F3 2900 C7,C8,C9
4 F4 3300 C10,C11,C12
5 F5 3700 C13,C14,C15
6 F6 4100 C16,C17,C18
Table II - DTC 921

Carrier
Allowed
S. No Frequency Frequency (Hz)
codes
name
1 F7 9500 C19,C20,C21
2 F8 11100 C22,C23,C24
3 F9 12700 C25,C26,C27
4 F10 14300 C28,C29,C30
5 F11 15900 C31,C32,C33
6 F12 17500 C34,C35,C36
7 F13 19100 C37,C38,C39
8 F14 20700 C40,C41,C42
5.3 iz.kkyh dh jpuk System description

5.3.1 Indoor equipment
(a) Evaluator
Evaluators are placed in a rack which is either an open rack or a closed cubical.
An open rack contains upto 3 sub-racks. Each sub-rack contains 2 DIGICODE
evaluators hence overall each open rack can accommodate upto 6 DIGCODE
evaluators. Open rack also contains relay bracket at the top to accommodate track
relays. Alternatively, 6 end fed track circuits or 3 center fed track circuits or 6 point
zone track circuits can be installed in one open rack.

May 2013
Similarly, a closed cubical rack contains upto 5 sub-racks. Each sub-rack contains 2
DIGICODE evaluators hence overall each rack can accommodate upto 10 DIGCODE
evaluators
The Evaluator consists of following modules
 Tx-Rx Module
 RT Module (Train detection module)
 Modem board
 Point Rx board (For point zone track circuits)
 Diagnostic board (Optional)
Fig. 5.2: DIGICODE Evaluator front view
(b) Power Supply Unit

Input 230 V AC + 10% 50 Hz + 2% or 110 V AC + 10% 50 Hz + 2%
POWER CONV.-1 POWER CONV.-2
Fig.5.3: DIGICODE Evaluator rear view

(c)Lightning Discharger
Lightning Discharger (LD) is connected in between the AFTC indoor equipment & Field
cables. It is provided to safe guard the AFTC equipment from high voltage emerging
from Lightning. It is a class D type.

May 2013
(d) Constant Voltage Transformer

It has been recommended in areas where power fluctuations are more than 10%.It is a
Ferro resonant type CVT. One CVT(1000W) can cater for 6 Nos of End Fed or 3 Nos of
Center Fed or 6 Nos of Point Zone Track circuit.
5.3.2 Outdoor equipment
Tuning units
Bonds for separation of two adjacent AFTCs -S-bonds, Alpha-bonds or Shunt bonds
Fig. 5.4: DIGICODE Tuning Unit connections
Tuning Unit connections:

CN3 – Always to lower frequency A – Always to lower frequency
CN4 – Always to higher frequency B – Always to Centre of bond
C – Always to higher frequency

Power wiring (indoor) – 6 Sq.mm.Multi-strand wire
The connection between the Tuning Unit (TU) and Processing Unit is provided through
one pair of 0.9 mm dia quad cable – single conductor upto 1 Km distance and double
conductors are used beyond 1 Km.
Tuning Unit to rail connection – 25 Sq. mm. Copper cable.
Electric joint S-bond, Alpha bond or Shunt bonds - 145 Sq.mm Galvanized Steel cable

Table III
S. DTC 24 DTC 921
Characteristics
No. (Main Line) (Station/ Transit)
1 Maximum TC Length 700m-EF,1000m-CF 400m-EF
2 Minimum TC Length 100m 30m
3 Electric Joint Length 18.6 to 25.4m 6m
4 Ballast Resistance 2 ohm/Km 2 ohm/Km
5 Carrier Frequency Range 2.1KHz-4.1KHz 9.5KHz-20.7KHz
6 No.of Channels 6 8
0.5 ohm & 0.15 ohm 0.5 ohm & 0.15
7 Track Shunt Resistance
for tuned zone ohm for tuned zone

May 2013
50-140 VA(EF),50-
8 Power Consumption 50-140VA(EF)
200VA(CF)
110V±10%, 50 Hz 110V±10%, 50 Hz
9 Input Power
±2% ±2%
5.6 fMft dksM ds dkMksZ dh tkudkjh Cards information

5.6.1. For straight track circuits
(i)Frequency dependent cards
1. Tx & Rx Module – there are 6 types from F1 to F6
2. Tuning Unit – There are 6 types of TU Boards e.g. F1/F3…..F4/F6.
(ii)Universal Cards
1. Mother Board (N897095300Q) – This card can be used for all types of AFTC.
2. RT_NDV Card (N897092015C) - This card can be used for straight track circuits of any
frequency (F1 to F14).
3. Modem Card (Two type) –
I. Modem Card - (N897091012N) - This card can be used for straight track circuits of
low frequency (F1 to F6).
II. Modem Card - (N897091013P) - This card can be used for straight track circuits of
high frequency (F7 to F14).
5.6.2 For Centre-fed track circuits

2. Secondary Receiver (Rx) Module - there are 6 types from F1 to F6
3. Tuning Unit – There are 12 types of TU Boards e.g. F1/F3…..F4/F6 &
F1MPU….F6MPU.
(ii)Universal Cards
2. RT_NDV Card (N897092015C) - This card can be used for straight track circuits of any
3. Modem Card - (N897091012N) - This card can be used for straight track circuits of low
5.6.3 For Point zone track circuits

2. Tuning Unit – There are 16 types of TU Boards e.g. F7/F19…..F12/F14.
(ii) Universal Cards

2. RT_DV Card (N897092012Z) - This card can be used for all types of AFTC (F1 to
F14).
3. Modem Card - (N897091013P) - This card can be used for high frequency AFTCs

May 2013
(iii) Point Receiver

Point Rx1 Channel (N897044102PR) – This card can be used for point zone track circuit
with one Transmitter and two Receivers.
Point Rx1 Channel (N897044103PR) – This card can be used for point zone track circuit
with one Transmitter and three Receivers
5.7 ,ybZMh ladsr ,oa ijh{k.k fcanq LED indications and testing points
LED indications are provided at the front panel of major modules/cards. For
troubleshooting purposes, the voltages at the power unit and measuring sockets of the
major modules/cards can be measured. The permitted values are given in tables of Fig.
AD J.VRX
Fig.5.5: LED
AD J.VTX M SR +
2
1
15
16 4 indications/Test
3 14 M SR -
4
6
5
7
13
11
12
10
2 MO D points for Straight
8 9
10
12
9
11
7
5
8
6
2 0 KH z
1
Track Circuit
13 4
14
16
15
3
1
2
BIT1 M
(End Fed)
2 0 V LO C
V.TX V.RX
BIT0 M
Note: the input
4
power line voltage
O U T M SR
2 D EM must be 220/110
O U T PU T
1 Vac ± 5% before
TX RX the power
FU SE 2 4 VLO C RT M O D EM conversion unit
+ 5V
Use only 2 mm dia
CD meter probe.
-1 2 V
V.IN BIT1 D Selection of
+ 12V
V.O U T BIT0 D
Mulimeter - TX3
GND LF for TEXTRONICS,
R N HF
D ELAY1 187, 189 for
F1
O SC .IN T
FLUKE and 18S
SW 2
F2 IRS for RISHABH
FU SE FU SE
SW 1 O SC .EXT
50V 2 4 V D IG
2 4 V.SW
L E D ’s TRIM M ERS
V O L T A G E M E A S S U R IN G S O C K E T S
FUSE
U S E 2 m m D IA P R O B E O N L Y
Table IV
Measuring sockets Measuring Multi-meter Permitted value Remarks
location selection
V-TX@ 50V fuse TX AC (AUTO) 6 – 90 V AC --
V-OUT AT 50V TX AC (AUTO) 2 - 45 V AC --
50 V DC TX DC (AUTO) 45 – 58 V DC --
24 V DIG RX DC (AUTO) 22 – 28 V DC --
V-IN RX AC (AUTO) > 0.220 V AC --
V-RX RX AC (AUTO) 0.400 – 1.20 V AC Track Circuit Vacant/Free
V-RX RX AC (AUTO) 0.010 - 0.280 V AC Track Circuit Occupied
MSR +/- RT DC (AUTO) 9.8 – 25 V DC --
20 KHZ Voltage RT Hz (AUTO) 24 -32 V AC --
24 V LOC RT DC (AUTO) 21 – 27 V DC --

May 2013
OUT MSR RT DC (AUTO) 4.8 – 6.8 V DC Track Circuit Vacant/Free

OUT MSR RT DC (AUTO) < 4.2 V DC Track Circuit Occupied
OUTPUT RT DC (AUTO) 20 – 28 V DC Track Circuit Vacant/Free
OUTPUT RT DC (AUTO) < 0.6 V DC Track Circuit Occupied
+5V RT DC (AUTO) 4.9 – 5.1 V DC --
- 12 V RT DC (AUTO) -12.2 – 11.8 V DC --
+ 12 V RT DC (AUTO) 11.8 – 12.2 V DC --
Fig.5.6: LED indications/Test points for Straight Track Circuit (Centre Fed)
ADJ.VTX ADJ.VRX MSR + ADJ.VRX MSR +
2
1 16 4 16 4
15 15
4
3
13
14 MSR - 13
14 MSR -
5 12 2 MOD 12 2 MOD
6 11 11
7 10 10
8 9 9
9 8 1 8 1
10
11
7
6
20KHz 7
6
20KHz
12 5 5
13 4 4
14 3 3
15 2 2
16 1 1
BIT1M BIT1M
20V LOC 20V LOC
BIT0M BIT0M
V.TX V.RX V.RX
OUT MSR 4 OUT MSR 4
2 DEM 2 DEM
1 1
OUT PUT OUT PUT
Sec.
TX RX
RX
Sec.
FUSE 24VLOC MODEM FUSE 24VLOC MODEM
RT NDV RT NDV
+ 5V + 5V
CD CD
-12V -12V
V.IN BIT1D V.IN BIT1D
V.OUT + 12V BIT0D + 12V BIT0D
GND LF GND LF
R N HF R N HF
DELAY1 DELAY1
F1 F1
SW2 OSC.INT SW2 OSC.INT

F2 F2
FUSE FUSE FUSE

SW1 OSC.EXT SW1 OSC.EXT
50V 24V DIG 24V DIG

24V.SW 24V.SW
L E D ’s TRIM M ERS
V O LT A G E M E A S S U R IN G S O C K E T S
FUSE
U S E 2 m m D IA P R O B E O N L Y
Table V
Measuring Measuring Multi-meter Permitted value Remarks
sockets location selection
50 V DC TX DC (AUTO) 45 – 58 V DC --
V-RX RX AC (AUTO) 0.010 - 0.280 V AC Track Circuit Occupied
MSR +/- RT DC (AUTO) 9.8 – 25 V DC --
20 KHZ RT Hz (AUTO) 24 -32 V AC --
Voltage

May 2013

+5V RT DC (AUTO) 4.9 – 5.1 V DC --
- 12 V RT DC (AUTO) -12.2 – 11.8 V DC --
+ 12 V RT DC (AUTO) 11.8 – 12.2 V DC --
Selection of Mulimeter - TX3 for TEXTRONICS, 187, 189 for FLUKE and 18S IRS for RISHABH
Use only 2 mm dia meter probe
Fig. 5.7: LED indications/Test points for Point Zone Track Circuit
A D J.VTX A D J.VRX M SR +
2
1
15
16 4
4
3
13
14 M SR -
5 12 2 MO D CD
6 11
7 10
8 9 1
9 8
10
11
7
6
2 0 KH z
12 5
13 4
14 3
15 2
16 1
BIT1 M BIT1 M
2 0 V LO C
BIT0 M BIT0 M
V.TX V.RX
O U T M SR 4
SW 2 O U T
2 D EM
1
O U T PU T
TX RX
RT M O D EM PO I N T
FU SE 2 4 VLO C
RX
+ 5V
CD
CD
-1 2 V
V.IN BIT1 D
V.O U T + 12V BIT0 D
GND BIT1 D
LF
R N HF BIT0 D
D ELAY1
F1
SW 2 O SC .IN T
SW 1 O U T
F2
FU SE FU SE
SW 1 O SC .EXT
50V 2 4 V D IG
2 4 V.SW
LE D ’s TRIM M ERS
VO LTA G E M E A SS U R IN G S O C KE T S
FUSE
U S E 2 m m D IA P R O B E O N LY
Measuring Measuring Multi-meter Permitted value Remarks

sockets location selection
50 V DC TX DC (AUTO) 45 – 58 V DC --
V-RX RX AC (AUTO) < 0.280 V CAC Track Circuit Occupied
MSR +/- RT DC (AUTO) 9.8 – 25 V DC --
20 KHZ RT Hz (AUTO) 24 - 32 V AC --
Voltage
+5V RT DC (AUTO) 4.9 – 5.1 V DC --

May 2013
- 12 V RT DC (AUTO) -12.2 – 11.8 V DC --

+ 12 V RT DC (AUTO) 11.8 – 12.2 V DC --
SW1 OR SW2 RT AC (AUTO) 4.1 – 4.7 V AC Track Circuit Vacant/Free
SW1 OR SW2 RT AC (AUTO) < 2.50 V AC Track Circuit Occupied
SW1 OUT POINT RX DC (AUTO) 5 – 15 V DC --
SW2 OUT POINT RX DC (AUTO) 5 – 15 V DC --
Table VI
Selection of Mulimeter - TX3 for TEXTRONICS, 187, 189 for FLUKE and 18S IRS for RISHABH
Use only 2 mm dia meter probe

5.8.1 Replacing modules in the rack
Before changing any element turn off the power of the rack including the modules to be
replaced. It can be easily done either by turning off the front panel switch or the rear
Power Conversion switch.
A standard screwdriver can be used to unscrew the modules. Before replacing any rack
module pay maximum attention to configure the board jumpers following the Putting into
Service Manual and the calibration form. In case a TX_RX module is to be replaced,
refer to the following instructions:
 Verify that the new module is of the same channel (frequency) as the original one by
checking the item number of the module;
 Set the ADJ. V.TX and ADJ V.RX front panel jumpers as the original positions;
 Verify that V.OUT has a value similar to that reported on the calibration form
 Verify that V.RX>0.5 Vrms
 Perform a shunt test on track.
In case a RT board is to be replaced set the P12-P13 and P5-P6 jumpers as the original
positions, check the OUTPUT voltage and perform a shunt test on track.
In case a MODEM board is to be replaced, set the channel selection (P1, P2, P3 ; P4,
P12, P13 and P14) and protection code (P10 and P11) selection jumpers as the original
positions.
5.8.2 Power Supply check

The input power line voltage must be 220/110 Vac ± 5% before the power conversion
unit. Ie input to the AFTC main cubicle or output of CVT.
If no power, check switches (front and rear) in position 1.Ensure that rear Power
Conversion fuses are not open, see Fig 5.9 below.

May 2013
220 V line
fuse
50 V
POWER CONVERSION 0
1
10 V
Fig.5.8: Power Conversion unit fuse
Check of the front equipment fuses. If the front panel power LEDs do not lit, then check
whether the corresponding fuse is open.
Fuse 50Vcc 4A 250 V
Fuse 24V Loc 1A 250 V
Fuse 24V Dig 1A 250 V
Fuse 12Vcc 1A 250 V (this fuse is inside TX_RX box, symbol F3)
If some of the supply voltages is missing despite all the fuses are OK then replace the
TX_RX module.
5.8.3 Indoor Adjustments
(i) Gain adjustments of voltages in Tx/Rx Cards (Jumpers)
ADJ.VTX ADJ.VRX
Maximum
1 16
2 15
3 14
4 13
5 12
6 11
7 10
8 Minimum 9
9 8
10 7
11 6
12 5
13 4
Maximum
14 3
15 2
16 1
Fig. 5.9: Jumper selection for Gain adjustments in Tx/Rx cards
7-8 & 9-10 for minimum Gain setting

Minimum 380 mV – 1.3 V Rx Voltage is obtained by regulating the above setting.
(ii) Do’s & Don’ts for adjustments in Tx/Rx cards

The V-Tx and V-Rx jumpers provided on the Tx-Rx Modules should be correctly positioned
as indicated in Fig. below. Do not position the jumpers wrongly.
.

May 2013
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
10 10
11 11
12 12
13 13
14 14
15 15
16 16
RIGHT WRON G X
Fig. 5.10: Sketch showing correct and incorrect jumper

selection for Gain adjustments in Tx/Rx cards
Don’t swap or remove any card in “Power ON” condition. Power must be OFF through the
switch provided on front panel of Tx-Rx cassette.
If there is a track circuit failure, please check the outdoor gears first prior to changing any
cards of processing equipment.
Don’t touch the semiconductors (ICs) of the boards with bare fingers, as they are sensitive to
static electricity
No adjustments are required to be done in outdoor tuning unit.
5.9 =qfV;ksa ds y{k.k Fault Diagnosis

(i) OUTPUT is not present
If the V.RX signal is present, (> 0.5 Vrms), but the OUTPUT is not present, then check if
DELAY1 LED lits;
If DELAY1 LED does not lit, then check the MODEM front panel showing the dynamic
operation of the board, i.e. BIT1M and BIT0M LED flashing, CD green LED firmly liting,
BIT1D and BIT0D LED flashing. If this is not the case, then replace the MODEM board.
If the MODEM works, but DELAY1 does not lit, then comparator or delay1 module have
failed; replace the RT board.
If DELAY1 LED does lit, but OUT.MSR does not lit, then either the output stage of the RX
filter or the 20 kHz generator or the magneto static relay might have failed. Check the MSR+
and MSR- voltage greater then 11 Vdc; if this voltage is not present, then the RX filter output
stage has failed. Replace the TX_RX module.
Check the 20 kHz test points greater than 24 Vrms; if this is not the case, then replace RT
board.
If the OUT.MSR LED lits and the relative test points have a voltage from 5.1 to 6.8 Vdc, but
the OUTPUT is not present, then the delay2 module has failed. Replace the RT board.
(ii) V.RX is not present

 If track circuit is free this signal must be greater than 0.5 Vrms;
 Check that V.IN signal has an amplitude greater than 0.6 Vrms

May 2013
 If V.IN is not present check the signal on the Cable entry rack by means of the multi-
meter, if the RX signal is not present on entry rack, then check if the TX signal is present
on the entry rack; if TX is not present, then V.OUT must be verified; if TX on cable entry
rack is present, then check if the signal reaches the transmitting tuning box via the cable,
then check the receiving tuning box;
 If the fault is at outdoors, check Electric Joints and Tuning Unit and try rectifying them.
(iii) V.OUT is not present

Check if V.TX signal is present. If it is not present, then replace MODEM board.
If the V.TX signal is present and V.OUT is less then the value recorded during
commissioning, then the TX filter has failed. Replace TX_RX module.
If V.RX voltage is > 0.7 and SW1/SW2 voltages are > 4.5 and there is no out MSR or output,
check 20 KHz signal availability on RT card. If 20 KHz signal is not present, then replace
POINT RX card.
5.10 VwyfdV Tool Kit

Table VII- Indoor Toolkit
Sr. No. Description Size Make Spec./Part No.
1. Digital Multimeter Standard TEXTRONICS or TX3, 187, 189,
FLUKE or RISH 18S
2. Frequency selective 385X265X100 ALSTOM 441FSV
voltmeter
3. Screw Driver Set TAPARIA or Standard
EASTMAN
4. Insulated Mini Nose Plier - 6” TAPARIA or Standard
Round EASTMAN
5. Wire stripper & Cutter Standard MULTITECH 150B
6. Non-Metallic Long Screw 6 mm dia X 150 Reputed make Standard
Driver (for adjustments) mm long
Table VIII- Outdoor Toolkit

Sr. No. Description Size Make Spec./Part No.
1. TSR Box -- ALSTOM A489441001A
2. Hydraulic Tool Kit -- ALSTOM 441900100
3. Screw Driver Set TAPARIA or Standard
EASTMAN
4. Screw Driver (Long) 6 mm dia X 250 TAPARIA or 826
mm EASTMAN
5. Nut Driver 7(M4) TEPCO Standard
6. Nut Driver 10(M6) TEPCO Standard
7. Insulated Mini Nose Plier - 6” TAPARIA or Standard
Round EASTMAN
8. Wire stripper & Cutter Standard MULTITECH 150B
9. Double ended spanner 12 X 13 TAPARIA or 16/E2001/3
EASTMAN
EASTMAN
EASTMAN

May 2013

EASTMAN
EASTMAN
14. Hammer with long handle 500 gm Standard AS per IS841-83
15. Non-Metallic Long Screw 6 mm dia X 150 Reputed make Standard
Driver (for adjustments) mm long
Note: A wireless set or mobile phones may be used for communication between field and
AFTC center location.

May 2013
5.11 =qfV fuokj.k gsrq ¶ykspkVZ Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting Flowchart 1 Troubleshooting Flowchart 2
Check of Modulator
Fault location and TX board
Connect a probe to jumper

P23 and ground GND4
The problem is Does the The problem is
YES
OUTPUT led on
NO
located either inside on the Modem board
located after the
receiving circuits the RT board Digicode Processing
lit ? Unit or in the track
NO Is the signal at YES

Check Mother board, Replace the
cabinet wiring, track Is V.OUT
jumper P23 similar to
Modem board
relay or Interlocking on the TX_RX module that of fig.5-4
The problem is located YES NO
close to the value it had ?
after the TX board at commissioning
?
Locate connections
of the TX cable inside Is V. TX
the cable entry rack or Go to “Transmitter
NO on the TX_RX
on the CN2 connector circuits” Flowchart YES
module close to the value
Replace TX_RX module
it had at
commissioning
?
Is voltage
The fault is located at above mentioned
either in the cabinet NO YES
connections close to the
wiring or on the RX value it had at
board (1) commissioning
?
The fault is located Is V.OUT

either in the track or in YES NO
on the TX_RX module
the receiving circuits OK close to the value it had
at commissioning
?
Is V.RX
Go to “Receiving YES on the TX_RX module NO TX filter has failed
circuits” Flowchart greater than
0.5 VRMS? Re-establish commissioning
set-up
Are ADJ. V.RX

The problem is located YES jumpers in the position NO
either in the field equipment they were set at
Replace TX_RX module
or in the track commissioning
?
(1) Both TX and RX signals go through the RX board
Section V – Alstom DigiCode AFTC May 2013

Troubleshooting Flowchart 3 Troubleshooting Flowchart 4
Receiving circuits
check
Check of trackside
Is equipment
NO MSR+,MSR- YES
on the RT board
> 10 Vdc
Is
?
voltage at
The signal amplifier NO YES
Do Possible failure at terminals CN3 (CN4)
on thr RX board has NO of the TX tuning unit
YES BIT0D the TX pair of the
failed. >3.6xV.OUT
and BIT1D cable
Replace TX-RX module ?
lit
?
Demodulator
has failed.
Replace MODEM
board Is
voltage at
NO A-B (B-C) terminals of YES
Replace the
Tuning Unit board the TX tuning unit
>0.04xVCN3
NO Does YES (VCN4)
the Delay 1 led on ?
the RT board
lit ?
Is
NO track voltage YES
Verifify integrity of the S_Bond at the TX end of the t.c.
Does the NO cable and its rail connections close to VAB (VBC)
YES ?
OUTMSR led on
the RT board
Either Comparator or lit ?
Delay 1 circuit has failed
Is Is
NO track voltage YES track voltage NO
Either 20 kHz oscillator
Delay 2 circuit has failed Verifify integrity of the at the RX end of the t.c. at the RX end of the t.c.
or MSR has failed >0.12 Vrms
S_Bond cable and its close to VAB (VBC)
Replace RT board ? ?
rail connections
YES
Replace RT board
Broken rail, short circuit
Does YES between the rails or
NO
the Delay 1 led on involuntary earth connection
the RT board Is
lit ? NO VCN3 (VCN4) YES
in the RX tuning unit
>1.15 Vrms
?
The output stage of OK
the Demodulator circuit
might be damaged. Replace the Possible failure at
Replace MODEM board Tuning Unit board the RX pair of the
cable
Restore original RT board


16
Fault Diagnosis/LED indicators combinations for straight track circuits

Table IX ○ – LED OFF ● – LED ON/Flashing
S T R RT MODEM CAUSE ACTION REQUIRED
No X X
OUT-PUT
24 V LOC
DELAY 1
24 V DIG
BIT 1M
BIT 0M
BIT 1D
BIT 0D
RELAY
+ 12V
- 12V
MSR
OUT
+ 5V
50 V
CD
R
N
1 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● UP Section is clear --
2 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ DN Section is occupied --
3 ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ DN Power conversion 10 V &
50 V fuse failure Replace
4 ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ DN
Tx card 50 V fuse failure Replace
5 ● ○ ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ DN
24 V DIG fuse failure Replace
6 ● ● ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● DN
24 V LOC fuse failure Replace
7 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ● ○ DN VRx Voltage less than 400
mV Adjust between 500 mV- 1.2 V
8 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ DN VRx Voltage above 1.3 V
Adjust between 500 mV- 1.2 V
9 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● DN Check VRx voltage. Should be 0.5
Output is not present Vrms. If Delay1 lits, then replace RT
card.
10 ● ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● DN Check VRx voltage. Should be 0.5
Output is not present Vrms. If Delay1 & OUT MSR lits, then
the Delay2 module of RT might have
failed. Replace RT card.
DELAY1 does not lit Vrms. Check Modem, if all indications
are available then Comparator or
Delay1 module of RT might have failed.
Replace RT card.
DELAY1 does not lit Vrms. Check Modem, if all indications

17
S T R RT MODEM CAUSE ACTION REQUIRED

No X X
OUT-PUT
24 V LOC
DELAY 1
24 V DIG
BIT 1M
BIT 0M
BIT 1D
BIT 0D
RELAY
+ 12V
- 12V
MSR
OUT
+ 5V
50 V
CD
R
N
are not available then Output stage of
Modem might have failed. Replace
MODEM card.
13 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● DN Check VRx voltage. Should be 0.5
BIT1D & CD do not lit Vrms. Replace MODEM card
14 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● DN If Delay1 lit then check MSR+ . If not
OUT MSR does not lit available then replace Rx Module.
15 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● DN If Delay1 lit then check if 20 kHz is
OUT MSR does not lit greater than 24 Vrms . If not then
replace RT Card.
16 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● DN Check V IN signal . If V IN is more than
VRx is not present 0.2 Vrms then replace Rx module.
17 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● DN Check the Receiver signal on CT
V IN is not present rack/LD load side. If it is available then
replace LD or Rx cable to motherboard.
18 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● DN Check track voltage at the Rx and
V IN is not present voltage across AB or BC > 0.12 Vrms of
TU VAB or VBC. If not then check for
broken rail, short circuit between rails or
S or Track lead wire cut.
19 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● DN Check track voltage at the Rx and
V IN is not present voltage across AB or BC > 0.12 Vrms of
TU VAB or VBC and then check voltage
at CN3 or CN4 in the Rx tuning unit
>1.15 Vrms of track voltage. If not
replace Receiver TU.
20 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ● ○ DN Check the Transmitter signal from
V Tx is not present Modem on P23 with GND4. If the signal
is not present, replace Modem.
21 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ● ○ DN Check VTx signal is present and V OUT
V OUT is not present is less than the original value, then
replace Tx module.

18
○ – LED OFF ● – LED ON/Flashing

Fault Diagnosis/LED indicators combinations for Point zone track circuits
Table X
Tx Rx RT MODEM POINT CAUSE ACTION REQUIRED
RECEIVER
OUT MSR
DEL-AY 1
OUT-PUT
24 V LOC
24 V DIG
BIT 1 D
RELAY
BIT 1 D
CD
BIT 1M
BIT 0M
BIT 0D
BIT 0D
+ 12V
- 12V
S No
+ 5V
50 V
CD
R
N
1 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● UP Section is clear --
2 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ DN Section is --
occupied
3 ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ DN Power
conversion 10 Replace
V & 50 V fuse
failure
4 ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ DN
Tx card 50 V Replace
fuse failure
5 ● ○ ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ● DN
24 V DIG fuse Replace
failure
6 ● ● ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ○ ● ○ DN
24 V LOC fuse Replace
failure
7 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● DN VRx Voltage
less than 400 Adjust between 500 mV-
mV 1.2 V
8 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ DN VRx Voltage
above 1.3 V Adjust between 500 mV-
1.2 V
9 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● DN Check VRx voltage.
Output is not Should be 0.5 Vrms. If
present Delay1 lits, then replace
RT card.

19

RECEIVER
OUT MSR
DEL-AY 1
OUT-PUT
24 V LOC
24 V DIG
BIT 1 D
RELAY
BIT 1 D
CD
BIT 1M
BIT 0M
BIT 0D
BIT 0D
+ 12V
- 12V
S No
+ 5V
50 V
CD
R
N
10 ● ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● DN Check VRx voltage.
Output is not Should be 0.5 Vrms. If
present Delay1 & OUT MSR lits,
then the Delay2 module of
RT might have failed.
Replace RT card.
DELAY1 does Should be 0.5 Vrms.
not lit Check Modem, if all
indications are available
then Comparator or
Delay1 module of RT
might have failed.
Replace RT card.
DELAY1 does Should be 0.5 Vrms.
not lit Check Modem, if all
indications are not
available then Output
stage of Modem might
have failed. Replace
MODEM card.
13 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ● DN Check VRx voltage.
BIT1D & CD Should be 0.5 Vrms.
do not lit Replace MODEM card
14 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● DN If Delay1 lit then check
OUT MSR MSR+ . If not available
does not lit then replace Rx Module.
15 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● DN If Delay1 lit then check if
OUT MSR 20 kHz is greater than 24
does not lit Vrms . If not then replace

20

RECEIVER
OUT MSR
DEL-AY 1
OUT-PUT
24 V LOC
24 V DIG
BIT 1 D
RELAY
BIT 1 D
CD
BIT 1M
BIT 0M
BIT 0D
BIT 0D
+ 12V
- 12V
S No
+ 5V
50 V
CD
R
N
RT Card.
16 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● DN Check V IN signal . If V IN
VRx is not is more than 0.2 Vrms
present then replace Rx module.
17 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ● DN Check the Receiver signal
V IN is not on CT rack/LD load ide. If
present it is available then replace
LD or Rx cable to
motherboard.
18 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ● DN Check track voltage at the
V IN is not Rx and voltage across AB
present or BC > 0.12 Vrms of TU
VAB or VBC. If not then
check for broken rail,
short circuit between rails
or S or Track lead wire
cut.
19 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ● DN Check track voltage at the
V IN is not Rx and voltage across AB
present or BC > 0.12 Vrms of TU
VAB or VBC and then
check voltage at CN3 or
CN4 in the Rx tuning unit
>1.15 Vrms of track
voltage. If not replace
Receiver TU.
20 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ DN Check the Transmitter
V Tx is not signal from Modem on
present P23 with GND4. If the
signal is not present,
replace Modem.

21

RECEIVER
OUT MSR
DEL-AY 1
OUT-PUT
24 V LOC
24 V DIG
BIT 1 D
RELAY
BIT 1 D
CD
BIT 1M
BIT 0M
BIT 0D
BIT 0D
+ 12V
- 12V
S No
+ 5V
50 V
CD
R
N
21 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ DN Check VTx signal is
V OUT is not present and V OUT is less
present than the original value,
then replace Tx module.
22 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● DN SW1/SW2 Maintain the switch voltage
Voltage less more than 3.8 V AC and
than 4.2 V AC VRx voltage more than 0.6
and VRx less V AC
than 0.6 V AC
23 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● DN SW1/SW2 Check 20 KHz availability
Voltage more and if not present replace
than 3.8 V AC Point Rx Card
and VRx more
than 0.6 V AC,
no output
present
24 ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ● ○ DN SW1/SW2 Increase the switch voltage
Voltage less by adjusting the DIP
than 1.9 V AC switches in Rx Card
○ – LED OFF ● – LED ON/Flashing

Section VI
vulkYMks ;w ,e 71 vkWfM;ks fÝDosalh Vªsd lfdZV
ANSALDO UM71

The UM71 – AFTC is a remote fed, non-coded, joint-less track circuit suitable for all
non-RE, RE (DC Traction and AC Traction) areas. In this type of track circuit the
Transmitter and Receiver can be centrally provided in the equipment room/relay room
maximum 1 Km distance from the track circuit.
This track circuit operates on frequency shift principle (FSK) where the basic frequency
is shifted between two frequencies close to each other (i.e. basic frequency + 11 Hz) Δ F
= 11Hz. Modulation rate is set by division of the basic frequency Fc by 128 i.e.
modulation signal frequency =Fc/128.
Carrier Frequency Modulation rate Assigned to

V1 - F1 - 1700 Hz 1700/128 = 13.3 Hz Set 1 UP line
V1 - F2 - 2300 Hz 2300/128 = 18.00 Hz
V2 - F1 - 2000 Hz 2000/128 = 15.6 Hz Set 2 DN line
V2 - F2 - 2600 Hz 2600/128 = 20.3 Hz
6.2 iz.kkyh dh jpuk System composition

The system consists of following components:
Indoor equipment (Equipment at relay room)
Field equipment (Wayside equipment)
6.2.1 Indoor equipment

The indoor equipment consists of following equipments:
(i) Transmitter
The transmitter generates a sinusoidal signal, at one of the four basic frequencies (Fc) 1700 Hz;
2000 Hz; 2300 Hz; 2600 Hz.
Section VI – Ansaldo UM 71 AFTC Click for Contents

May 2013
Fig.6.1: Front view of Transmitters of different AFTCs

(ii) Receiver
The receiver recognizes the carrier signal in quality (modulated frequency) and in quantity
(level).
Fig.6.2: Front view of a Receiver

May 2013
A+ A- 24V DC Input A+ A- 24V DC Input

Input from Track on V1 V2 Tx AC Output on V1V8
Fig 6.3.: (a) Nomenclature of connectors in Transmitter (rear view)

(b) Nomenclature of connectors in Receiver (rear view)

May 2013
(iii) Relay
It is a 24V DC, plug-in-type, non-proved type. (Ordinary Q series line Relay QN1 can be used as
a Track Relay).
(iv) Power Supply

24 V DC Power supply is required as input to the Transmitter and Receiver which can be
taken from a 230 V/24 V Battery Charger with battery backup or through 24 V DC
module of an IPS if provided.
6.2.2 Field equipment (Wayside equipment)
(i) Tuning & Matching Unit (TMU)

There are two types of tuning units: -
- Tuning Unit F1 (V1 & V2): This consists of LC (inductive Capacitance) series
circuit tuned at a frequency close to F2.
- Tuning Unit F2 (V1 or V2): This consists of a LC series circuit, tuned at a

frequency close to F1, mounted in parallel with a high value capacitor.
Fig.6.4: TMU at Transmitter end Fig.6.5: TMU at Receiver end
(ii) Air Core Inductor (ACI) or O bond

On electrified track, a non-saturable inductor,
known as the ACI or O bond, is located at the
centre of the Electrical Seperation Joint.
ESJ length varies from 20 to 29 meters in
accordance with Rail type, Sleepers type, Track
gauge, Track electrified or non-electrified.
There are two types of ACI
- The ACI 200 - used for re-equalizing the
traction current.
- The higher power ACI 600- used for routing
the traction return current.
Fig.6.6: Air Core Inductor (ACI) or O bond

May 2013

 PSU to Tx/Rx - Flexible wire 1 sq.mm.
 Tx/Rx to TMU - Quad cable - 0.9 mm dia
 TMU to Rail 70 sq.mm copper or 120 sq. mm Aluminum

Table I
At PSU Input voltage 110 V + 25%
Output voltage 24 V DC + 1
At Tx (KEM) Input voltage 24 V DC + 1
Output voltage 25 to 50 V AC
Frequency 2300 Hz + 3 Hz
Gain adjustment (V1 –V10) V5 toV6 – 3 units
At TMU (Tx end) Input at E1 & E2 25 to 50 V AC
Frequency 2300 Hz + 3 Hz
Output of TMU 1 to 5 V AC
Input across the track 1 to 5 V AC
At TMU (Rx end) Voltage across the track 0.2 to 0.8 V AC
(i.e. input to TMU at Rx
end)
Output of TMU (Rx end) 0 to 3 V AC i.e. V1 – V2
At Rx (KRV) Input to Rx (V1-V2) 0 to 3 V AC
Voltage at R1 R2 > 250 mV AC
Gain adjustment KRV 56
(R3….R10)
At KRV Pick Up T.S.R. 1 Ohm
K = Adjustment Drop T.S.R. 0.5 Ohm
RV = Rx input KRV 56
At TR Voltage across TR without 24 to 30 V DC
T.S.R.
Voltage across TR with 0.5 0 V DC
Ohm T.S.R.

May 2013
6.5 xsu lasfVax Gain setting

For gain setting i.e. increase or decrease of outputs of Tx and Rx the adjustments are to
be done as per the following tables
6.5.1 UM71 Gain adjustment table
Table II -KEM Table – For Transmitter adjustment
KEM Transmitter adjustment

(Gain) Shift Tx Output Provide jumpers
cable from to between
V1 to V8 to
3.00 V4 V7 V5 & V6 V5 & V6
3.25 V1 V7 V2 & V4 V5 & V6
3.50 V2 V7 V3 & V4 V5 & V6
3.75 V1 V7 V3 & V4
4.00 V7 V8
4.25 V1 V8 V2 & V7
4.50 V2 V8 V3 & V7
4.75 V1 V8 V3 & V7
5.00 V4 V8 V5 & V7
5.25 V1 V8 V2 & V4 V5 & V7
5.50 V2 V8 V3 & V4 V5 & V7
5.75 V1 V8 V3 & V4 V5 & V7
6.00 V6 V8
6.25 V1 V8 V2 & V6
6.50 V2 V8 V3 & V6
6.75 V1 V8 V3 & V6
7.00 V4 V8 V5 & V6
7.25 V1 V8 V2 & V4 V5 & V6
7.50 V2 V8 V3 & V4 V5 & V6
7.75 V1 V8 V3 & V4 V5 & V6
Note: By default Tx output is on V1& V8

KTMU & KMU Adjustment tables
Table III -KTMU Table IV - KMU
Ratio Connection Jumpers

Cable Ratio Connection Jumpers
Cable
Tx 10:1 E1 & E2
Setup Rx 1:1 9 & 10
Setup 1:1.5 9 & 12 10 & 11
Rx 1:1 9 & 10
IDC (*) 1:2 8&9
Setup 1:1.5 9 & 12 10 & 11
1:2 8&9

May 2013
Table V - KRV Table – For Receiver adjustment
KRV Receiver adjustment KRV Receiver adjustment

Sr. Shift Provide jumpers Sr. Shift Provide jumpers
No. connectors between No. connectors between
from from
R1 to R2 to R1 to R2 to R3 & R6 R5 & R9
1 R3 R4 38 R10 R7 R3 & R9
2 R5 R4 39 R10 R5 R4 & R9
3 R3 R5 40 R10 R5 R3 & R9
4 R5 R7 R3 & R6 41 R10 R4
5 R5 R7 R4 & R6 42 R10 R9 R4 & R9
6 R4 R7 R3 & R6 43 R10 R3 R5 & R9
7 R6 R7 44 R10 R4 R5 & R9
8 R3 R7 R4 & R6 45 R10 R3 R3 & R6
9 R4 R7 R5 & R6 46 R10 R5 R3 & R6 R7 & R9
10 R3 R7 R5 & R6 47 R10 R5 R4 & R6 R7 & R9
11 R9 R7 R3 & R8 R5 & R6 48 R10 R4 R3 & R6 R7 & R9
12 R9 R7 R4 & R8 R5 & R6 49 R10 R6 R7 & R9
13 R9 R7 R3 & R8 R4 & R6 50 R10 R3 R4 & R6 R7 & R9
14 R9 R7 R6 & R8 51 R10 R4 R5 & R6 R7 & R9
15 R9 R4 R5 & R7 R6 & R8 52 R10 R3 R5 & R6 R7 & R9
16 R9 R3 R5 & R7 R6 & R8 53 R10 R7 R5 & R6 R3 & R8
17 R9 R3 R5 & R7 54 R10 R7 R5 & R6 R4 & R8
18 R9 R5 R3 & R8 55 R10 R7 R4 & R6 R3 & R8
19 R9 R5 R4 & R8 56 R10 R7 R6 & R8
20 R9 R4 R3 & R6 57 R10 R7 R3 & R6 R4 & R8
21 R9 R8 58 R10 R7 R4 & R6 R5 & R6
22 R9 R3 R4 & R8 59 R10 R7 R3 & R6 R5 & R8
23 R9 R4 R5 & R8 60 R10 R5 R3 & R6
24 R9 R3 R5 & R8 61 R10 R5 R4 & R6
25 R9 R5 R3 & R6 R7 & R8 62 R10 R4 R3 & R8
26 R9 R5 R4 & R6 R7 & R8 63 R10 R8
27 R9 R4 R3 & R6 R7 & R8 64 R10 R3 R4 & R6
28 R9 R6 R7 & R8 65 R10 R4 R5 & R8
29 R9 R3 R4 & R6 R7 & R8 66 R10 R3 R5 & R8
30 R9 R4 R5 & R6 R7 & R8 67 R10 R5 R3 & R6 R7 & R8
31 R9 R3 R5 & R6 R7 & R8 68 R10 R5 R4 & R6 R7 & R8
32 R10 R7 R5 & R6 R3 & R9 69 R10 R4 R4 & R6 R7 & R8
33 R10 R7 R5 & R6 R4 & R9 70 R10 R6 R7 & R8
34 R10 R7 R4 & R6 R3 & R9 71 R10 R3 R4 & R6 R7 & R8
35 R10 R7 R6 & R9 72 R10 R4 R5 & R6 R7 & R8
36 R10 R7 R3 & R6 R4 & R9 73 R10 R3 R5 & R6 R7 & R8
37 R10 R7 R4 & R6 R5 & R9

May 2013
Fig.6.7: Block diagram of a typical UM71 AFTC

May 2013

Record readings as per schedule in the following proforma. (With Sample reading)
6.6.1 Indoor
Track Circuit No.: A504T
Table VI
Date Transmitter Reciever Signature
DC AC DC Power Supply AC Power Supply of
Power Power Maintainer
Supply Supply
A+ A- V1 V8 A+ A- L+ L- V1 V2 R1 R2
07.12.2011 24.46 V 41.20 V 24.36 V 24.46 V 890 mV 348 mV
Fig.6.8: Measurement of AC output voltage in rear of Tx (terminals V1V8)
Fig.6.9: Measurement of AC output voltage at CTB

May 2013
The intactness of wire connectors in rear of Transmitter and

Receiver unit should be checked frequently to avoid
disconnection. But while doing so it should be ensured that
there is no train movement taking place and no signal
involving the track circuit under observation is cleared.
Fig. 6.10: Rear view of the Transmitter
6.6.2 Outdoor
Table VII - At TMU Tx end

Date AC Input at Frequency AC Output AC Input Signature
E1 & E2 (Hz) of TMU across the of
track maintainer
07.12.2011 40.5 V 2000 Hz 4.5 V 4.4 V
Fig.6.11:
Measurement of AC
input voltage at
terminals E1 & E2
of Tx end TMU

May 2013
Table VIII -At TMU Rx end
Date AC Voltage AC Output of Signature of

across the track TMU (Rx end) maintainer
(i.e. input to
TMU at Rx
end)
07.12.2011 0.790 V 0.628 V
Fig.6.12: Measurement of AC output voltage at terminals 9 & 10 of Rx end TMU
During every visit (fortnightly) open the TMU apparatus case and check the tightness of
outgoing lead wire connected to rail. Tighten it with the spanner provided with the tool
kit.
Fig.6.13: Opening of TMU apparatus case

May 2013
Fig.6.14: Tightening of outgoing lead wire
Check the intactness of lead wire connected to rail.

Fig.6.15: Lead wire connection to rail



May 2013
Section - VII
fuokjd vuqj{k.k
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
7.1 vuqj{k.k gsrq tkap Maintenance checks
The following checks shall be performed regularly for preventive maintenance of

AFTC:
Visually check the electric joints periodically and ensure that these are in good
condition. This includes connection to the rails, condition of electric joint cable,
connections to the Tuning Unit, condition of all welded and screw joints on the track
(S-bond, terminal bond, shunt bond, connecting ropes, interconnections etc.)
 
Fig. 7.1: Connections to the rail (a) Connection from Tuning Unit (b) Rail bonds
Check the various voltages indicated in the data sheet of AFTC equipment in
consideration to the climatic conditions, and particularly ballast condition. Then
compare the values found with the values recorded at the time of putting into
operation. In case of significant differences which cannot be justified by different
climatic conditions, and in particular if values due to external conditions are found to
be in limits, there might be a failure and the cause needs to be investigated.
Perform drop shunt test with TSR to adjust the receiver energization level.
Ensure that the surfaces of the rails are clean so that a reliable axle shunt can be
maintained.
Deterioration of the ballast resistance can be detected by checking receiver voltage

periodically.
Section VII – Preventive Maintenance Click for Contents May 2013

7.2 cká 'kaV }kjk ijh{k.k Testing with external shunt

(a) Apply a non-inductive 0.5 Ohm resistance in any position on the track circuit (except for
portion of tuned zone/electric separation joints). The respective track relay should de-
energize.
Fig. 7.2: Track circuit shunted at any portion except tuned zone.
(b)Check whether a non-inductive resistance of 0.15 Ohm interposed anywhere inside the
tuned zone/ESJ causes de-energization of at least one of the two successive track circuits
Fig. 7.3: Track circuit shunted in tuned zone
(c) Apply a non-inductive resistance of 0.15 Ohm in overlap zone of ESJ (Overlap zone as
prescribed by manufacturer). Track relay of both the AFTCs should drop
Fig. 7.4: Track circuit shunted at overlap zone of ESJ

7.3 vuqj{k.k ds le; lko/kkfu;ka Precautions during maintenance

After a change in outdoor installation/interconnection, do all the adjustments as applicable for
initial installation.
After change of a module of indoor equipment, ensure adjustments/measurements in the
changed module as per initial installation and TSR test should be conducted.
Perform the TSR adjustment in dry weather conditions only. If same is done during monsoon,
ensure that there is no water logged in between rails and ballast/mud/dirt is not touching rails.
Repeat the TSR check as soon as weather normalizes and correct the settings.
In failure during monsoon, increase gain adjustment till satisfactory operation is attained.
Check TSR without fail. After the monsoon season, restore the gain to original setting, else
there could be unsafe failure.
In case a TX_RX module is to be replaced, verify that the new module is of the same channel
(frequency) as the original one by checking the item number of the module.
If there is a track circuit failure, check the outdoor gears first prior to changing any cards of
processing equipment.
To carry out measurements, the necessary measuring equipment and related tools should be
as per the prescribed tool kit.
After commissioning, no adjustments should be done except during monsoon when the
ballast resistance is affected.
In case of failure during monsoon, gain adjustment to be increased till satisfactory operation
is attained. TSR should be checked without fail.
After the monsoon season the gain should be restored to original setting at the time of
commissioning, else there could be unsafe failure.




Section - VIII
D;k djsa o D;k u djsa
DO’s & DON’Ts
8.1 D;k djsa Do’s
 Check connection to the rails and condition of electric joint cable on each visit.
 Earth screen of Isolation transformer.
 Provide separate Surge arrestor on Rx.
 Use proper size cable prescribed in the installation manual for Rail Bonding in the
tuned area.
 Carry out Drop Shunt Test at Rx end.
 Ensure dropping of relay with TSR of 0.5 Ohms outside and TSR of 0.15 Ohms inside
the tuned area.
 In case of failure during monsoon, gain adjustment to be increased till satisfactory
operation is attained. TSR should be checked without fail.
 After the monsoon season the gain should be restored to original setting at the time of
commissioning, else there could be unsafe failure.
8.2 D;k u djsa Don’ts
 Do not use same power supply for feeding more than one Tx or Rx of same
frequency.
 Do not take measurements when a train is in the vicinity of Track Circuit in RE area.
 Don’t keep Level crossing inside tuned area.
 Don’t provide Impedance bond in tuned area.
 Don’t change output Relay when Rx is working.
 Don’t provide Axle Counter Tx/Rx coil within 200 m of AFTC.
 Don’t provide Axle Counter in or within 18 to 20 m of any tuned area/any ETU.
 Don’t install AFTC where SEJ falls inside tuned area.
 Do not short circuit TU or disconnect Tx or Rx from tuning unit unless both adjacent
track circuits are switched OFF.
 Don’t do adjustments after commissioning except during monsoon when the ballast
resistance is affected.

Section VIII – Do’s & Don’ts May 2013

Click for Contents
Section - IX
Ckgq/kk iwaNs tkus okys iz’u

Frequently Asked Questions
Q.1 What are the main advantages of Audio Frequency Track Circuits over
conventional AC/DC Track Circuits?
Ans. AFTCs are immune to high levels of interference due to traction harmonics present
in AC or DC electrified areas. AFTC can be universally used in AC, DC and Non-
RE sections.
Q.2 Why insulation joints are normally not required in AFTC?
Ans. The separation between adjacent track circuits is achieved through Electrical joints
formed with the help of rails, bonds and Tuning units. The mutual interference
between adjacent track circuits is avoided by using different frequencies.
Q.3 Why insulation joints are required in point zone provided with Audio
Frequency Track circuits?
Ans. In points provided with AFTC, the insulated rails are not connected in series unlike
in conventional track circuits. The legs are connected in parallel and detected
individually by separate receivers. Hence insulated joints are required to avoid short
circuit at the frog. An example is shown in the figure below.
Fig9.1.: AFTC in point zone
Q.4 Why the signal is not directly passed on from feed end to relay end in an
AFTC? Why modulation is required?
Ans. Modulation is required to provide greater security and to enable the information to
be passed along the track without being distorted.
Section IX – FAQs May 2013

Click for Contents
Q.5 Why AC voltage is used in the operation of AFTC?
Ans. In AC voltage, Amplitude, Frequency and Phase are available hence modulation and
de-modulation can be achieved.
Q.6 Why Audio Frequency range (20 Hz to 20 KHz) is selected?
Ans. Audio Frequency range is selected due to following properties

 Non-stationary.
 Random in nature.
 Generation is easy.
 Attachment and extraction of information is easy.
 High level of noise immunity.
Q.7 Why code bits are required?
Ans. To avoid interference of other track circuits with same frequency. For security
purpose.
Q.8 What is the role of tuning unit in AFTC?
Ans. The tuning unit is provided to adjust the RLC value in given frequency band for
resonance so that maximum signal is transmitted along the track. The tuning unit
along with rails and bonds form the resonant R-L-C circuit. The Tx and Rx are
resonated to the carrier frequency and have maximum power linkage.
Q.9 What will happen if mode of an AFTC is changed from low power to normal
(high) power?
Ans. Change in mode as above can make over- energisation of track relay. This can be
hazardous as under shunted condition track relay may pick up.
Q.10 Why different type of bonds (Z-bond, S-bond, Alpha- bond) are provided in
AFTC?
Ans. Due to imbalance in traction return currents between both the rails, there is a
possibility that Tuning Unit (TU) may burn. To avoid this bonds are provided
between two rails.
Also along with rails and tuning unit these bonds form the resonant R-L-C circuit
which helps in maximum signal transmission.

Section IX – FAQs May 2013

Click for Contents
CAMTECH/S/Proj/2013-14/HB-AFTC/2. 0
ANNEXURE I
laf{kIr 'kCnkoyh ABBREVIATIONS

ABB Asea Brown Boveri
AC Alternating Current
ACTM Alternating Current Traction Manual
AF Audio Frequency
AFTC Audio Frequency Track Circuit
Al Aluminum
AWS Automatic Warning System
BRS British Railway Specification
CT Cable Termination
CVT Constant Voltage Trasnsformer
CWR Continuous Welded Rail
DC Direct Current
ESJ Electrical Separation Joint
ETU End Termination Unit
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
FSM Frequency Selective Meter
FTGS Remote Fed Coded Audio Frequency Track Circuit Siemens
GF1 Track Relay 1 in Siemens AFTC
GF2 Track Relay 2 in Siemens AFTC
Hz Hertz
IB Intermediate Block
IP Interlocking Plan
IPS Integrated Power Supply
IRS Indian Railway Specification
KV Kilo Volt
KHz Kilo Hertz
KR Crossing
LD Lightning Discharger
LED Light Emitting Diode
LWR Long Welded Rail
M Central Feed In
ME
MODEM Modulator-Demodulator
MSK Minimum Shift Keying
NC Normally Closed
NO Normally Open
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
OHE Overhead Equipment
OP1 Output 1
OP2 Output 2
PCB Printed Circuit Board
RB Railway Board
Annexure I – Abbreviations May 2013
Click for Contents
RDSO Research Designs & Standards Organisation

RE Railway Electrification
RLC Resistance Inductance Capacitance
Rx Receiver
ST Standard
SWG Standard Wire Gauge
TC Track Circuit
TPR Track Proving Relay
TPWS Train Protection & Warning System
TSR Train Shunt Resistance
TU Tuning Unit
TTU Track Tuning Unit
Tx Transmitter
VA Volt Ampere
W Points



Click for Contents

Click for Contents
CAMTECH/S/PROJ/2013-14/HB-AFTC/2. 0
ANNEXURE II
lanHkZ
REFERENCES
 IRS specification No. RDSO/SPN/146/2001.
 Alstom DIGICODE Audio Frequency Digital Track Circuit maintenance

guidelines.
 Siemens FTG S Track Circuit - System Description

 Siemens FTG S Track Circuit – Instructions for use.
 Siemens FTG S Track Circuit – Adjusting instructions.
 Maintenance handbook on Audio Frequency Track Circuit (ABB make)

CAMTECH/S/197

Annexure II - References May 2013
Click for Contents

Maintenance Handbook On Audio Frequency Track Circuit Ver2 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Maintenance Handbook On Audio Frequency Track Circuit Ver2 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hkkjr ljdkj GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

jsy ea=ky; MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

vkWfM;ks fÝDosalh VªSd lfdZV

egkjktiqj] Xokfy;j & 474005

Click for Contents

dSeVsd] Xokfy;j v- jk- rqis

Click for Contents

CAMTECH is continuously making efforts in documentation and upgradation of

CAMTECH Gwalior A.R.Tupe

Click for Contents

dSeVsd] Xokfy;j fn-dq-;kno

Click for Contents

We are sincerely thankful to Shri Nirala Katiyar, Sr.D.S.T.E./Sig/New Delhi/Northern

CAMTECH Gwalior D.K.M.Yadav

Click for Contents

I vkWfM;ks fÝDosalh Vªsd lfdZV Audio frequency track circuit

III , chch Vh 1&12 vkWfM;ks fÝDosalh ABB T1-21 Audio Frequency

Click for Contents

IV lhesal ,QVhth ,l fjeksV QsM Siemens FTG-S Remote- fed,

V vYLVkWe fMft dksM vkWfM;ks Alstom DIGI CODE Audio

Click for Contents

VII fuokjd vuqj{k.k Preventive Maintenance

VIII D;k djsa o D;k u djsa Do’s & Don’ts

IX Ckgq/kk iwaNs tkus okys iz’u Frequently Asked Questions 1-2

Annex. I laf{kIr 'kCnkoyh Abbreviations

Annex. II lanHkZ References

Click for Contents

CAMTECH/S/PROJ/2013-14/HB-AFTC/2.0# XX date .......

CORRECTION SLIPS ISSUED

Sr. No. of Date of Page no. and Item No. Remarks

Click for Contents

Contact person : Director (Signal & Telecommunication)

Postal Address : Centre for Advanced Maintenance Technology, Maharajpur,

Click for Contents

1.2 ykHk Advantages

1.3 eq[; Hkkx Main modules

The Audio Frequency Track Circuit system consists of following modules:

Section I – Audio Frequency Track Circuit May 2013

Sr. Description Location

1.4 fofHkUu Hkkxksa ds dk;Z Functions of various modules

(a) Transmitter (Tx)

(b) Track Tuning Unit (TTU)

(c) End Termination Unit (ETU)

(d) Receiver (Rx)

(e) Power Supply Unit

(f) Leads/Connections and fastening to rails

(g) Rail Bonds

Section I – Audio Frequency Track Circuit May 2013

1.5 bySDVªhdy lsijs’ku TokbZaV Electrical Separation Joint (ESJ)

Section I – Audio Frequency Track Circuit May 2013

In the Fig.1.2 below, TU of

Thus electrical isolation is

Fig.1.2: Electrical Separation Joint

1.6 vksojySi tksu Overlap Zone

Examples are given below.

Fig. 1.3 : Two adjacent AFTCs DT1 & DT2

1.7 ,,QVhlh dk oxhZdj.k Classification of AFTC

(a)As per type of modulating signal

Section I – Audio Frequency Track Circuit May 2013

(b)As per feeding arrangement

1.8 ,,QVhlh ds foU;kl Configurations of AFTC

(i) End fed

1.9 dk;Z ds fl/kkar Principle of working