Type of Heat Exchanger

TYPE OF HEAT EXCHANGER
Creative,,??
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Heat exchanger
Definition
Equipment that purpose to transfer a heat from one media to the others
with/without contacting surface.
Function
Change the temperaturs (heating/cooling)
Change the phase of fluids
Influencing parameters
Fluid’s properties; viscosity, Themal conductibvity, specific heat capacity, etc
Fluid’s velocity
Temperature different
Properties of heat exchanger media
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Classification: Transfer process
Multi phase, direct transfer,

indirect contact Single phase, direct transfer,
indirect contact
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Storage type, indirect Fluidized bed, indirect

contact contact
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Direct contact
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Classification: Construction
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Double pipe • Small capacity
• Temp. Range -100 to 600 C
• Shell design pressure up to
600 Bar
• Tube design pressure up to
1000 Bar
• Shell dia. Up to 600 DN / 24 In
• No material limitations
• Counter current flow
• Easy maintenance
• Become expensive for themal

duty > 1 MW
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Double pipe
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Double pipe
Schematic diagram Finned tubes
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Air cooled heat exchanger (ACHE)
• Often applied type HE
• Temp. Range to over 400 C
• Pressure range to over 200 Bar
• Bundle width to approx. 3 m
• Tube length up to 18 m
• Material limitations
• Counter current flow
• Operate in ambient temp.
• Air distribution less equal

• Sensitive for weather influence
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Shell & Tube
• Most applied type HE

• Design temp -160 to 600 C
• Shell design pressure up to
300 Bar
• Tube design pressure up to
1400 Bar
• Shell dia. Up to 5.8 m
• Tube length up to 24 m
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Shell & Tube
• Reliable, safe, and robust

design
• Easy to maintain
• No material limitations
• Vibration free
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Plate & Frame heat exchanger
Type of heat exchanger that uses metal plates
to transfer heat between two fluids
• Consists of a series of thin, corrugated alloy

plates, which are gasketted and compressed
together in a carbon steel frame to create an
arrangement of parallel flow channels.
• Ports at each corner of the plates act as the
headers and the gaskets direct the fluid flow as
well as provide the primary seal for the system.
• One fluid travels in the odd numbered channels
and the second in the even.
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Advantages:
• High heat transfer-turbulence on both sides of the
plate
• High thermal effectiveness
• Low delta T is possible
• Compactness  compare to Shell & Tube HE
• Flexible to add or reduce plates
Dis-Advantages:
• Maximum pressure, temperature, and capacity are
limited by gasket material
• Possible blockge by accumulation of solids, debris, or
suspended material
• High risk to leakage
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Spiral plate heat exchanger
• Temperature range -40 to

over 400 C
• Pressure range to over 20 Bar
• Surface area from 0.5 to 500
sqm
• Plate material limitations (e.g.
No CS)
• Gasket material limitations
• High thermal effectiveness
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Spiral coil heat exchanger

over 400 C
• Pressure range to over 300
Bar
• Surface area from 10 to
10000 sqm
• Material often SS or Al
• Diameter up tp 4.2 m
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Brazed Aluminium heat exchanger

over 150 C
• Pressure range to over 250
Bar
• Surface area from 0.5 to 2000
sqm
• Material often Al when Hg is
present
• 10-20 times more
performance than S&T
• 25-50% lower CAPEX
• 95% less weight
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Based on construction: Rotary HE
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Selection guide
No. Types Application Limitations Relative

Cost
1 Fixed Condensers; Liquid-Liquid; Temp. Diff. At 1.0
TubeSheet Gas-Gas; Gas-Liquid; extreme of about
Cooling and Heating 200oF due to
differential
expansion
2 Floating High Temp. Diff. >200oF; Insternal Gaskets, 1.28
Head or Dirty Fluids Corrosive Fluids on
Tubesheet Shell Side Floating
Parts
3 U-Tube; U- High Temp. Diff.; Clean Bends must be 0.9-1.1
Bundle Service carefully Made;
Tubeside Velocities
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Selection guide (Cont.)
Cost
4 Kettle Boiling Fluid on Shell side Horizontal 1.2-1.4
such vaporizers Installations; Large
5 Double Pipe Rel for Small Transfer Area Large Number of 0.8-1.4
Service; For High Press in Piping-up
Tube
6 Pipe Coil Condensing or relatively Transfer 0.5-0.7
Low Heat Loads on Coefficient Low;
Sensible Transfer Large Space if Heat
Load is High
7 Plate and Viscous and Corrosive Not Well Suited for 0.8-1.5
Frame Fluids; Slurries; High Heat Boiling & Cond.;
Transfer Limit 350-500oF by
Gasket; Liquid-
Liquid only
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Selection guide

Cost
1 Fixed Condensers; Liquid-Liquid; Temp. Diff. At 1.0
TubeSheet Gas-Gas; Gas-Liquid; extreme of about
Cooling and Heating 200oF due to
differential
expansion
2 Floating High Temp. Diff. >200oF; Insternal Gaskets, 1.28
Head or Dirty Fluids Corrosive Fluids on
Tubesheet Shell Side Floating
Parts
3 U-Tube; U- High Temp. Diff.; Clean Bends must be 0.9-1.1
Bundle Service carefully Made;
Tubeside Velocities
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The Factors Affecting Performances
 Temperature difference
 Density of fluids
 Conductivity fluids
 Viscosity and velocity of the fluid
 Pressure within heat exchanger
 Specific heat capacity
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Temperature difference
 The temperature difference affects the rate of

energy transfer
 As heat energy tends to transfer from a region of
higher temperature of a region of lower
temperature, increasing the temperature
difference of the two substances would increase
the rate of heat transfer.
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Density of fluid
 ↑Density, ↑Conduction
 ↓Density, ↓Conduction
 This is due to the distance between each molecule
is increased as its density is decreased.
 Hence, the fluids should ideally be denser to
increase rate of heat transferred through
conduction
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Conductivity of fluid
 ↑Conductivity of fluid, ↑Rate of heat transfer,

↑Heat conducted away
 Therefore, we should choose a cooling fluid with

high thermal energy conductivity
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Viscosity and velocity
 ↑Viscosity, ↓Velocity
 Type of flow is determined
 ↑Viscosity , ↓Velocity = Laminar flow
 ↓ Viscosity, ↑ Velocity=Turbulent flow
 Hence, we should use liquids of less viscosity
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Pressure within heat exchanger
 ↑ Pressure, ↑Viscosity of substance
 Viscosity leads to the creation of laminar flow

which decreases heat exchanger efficiency
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Specific heat capacity
 ↑Specific heat capacity, ↑Energy required to

heat
 Substance can absorb more heat energy without
changing it’s temperature by a lot
 This helps to maintain the high temperature

difference between the two fluids
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Summary
Temperature
difference in
substances
Viscosity and
velocity of
fluid Specific heat
capacity
Rate of heat
transfer
Pressure Density of
within heat fluids
exchanger
Conductivity of
fluids
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Discussion
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Thank you
Copyright © 2013 PT Badak NGL. All Rights Reserved.

Type of Heat Exchanger

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Type of Heat Exchanger

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TYPE OF HEAT EXCHANGER

Multi phase, direct transfer,

Storage type, indirect Fluidized bed, indirect

• Become expensive for themal

Schematic diagram Finned tubes

• Air distribution less equal

• Most applied type HE

• Reliable, safe, and robust

• Consists of a series of thin, corrugated alloy

• Temperature range -40 to

• Temperature range -200 to

• Temperature range -200 to

No. Types Application Limitations Relative

No. Types Application Limitations Relative

 The temperature difference affects the rate of

 ↑Conductivity of fluid, ↑Rate of heat transfer,

 Therefore, we should choose a cooling fluid with

 ↑ Pressure, ↑Viscosity of substance

 Viscosity leads to the creation of laminar flow

 ↑Specific heat capacity, ↑Energy required to

 This helps to maintain the high temperature

Copyright © 2013 PT Badak NGL. All Rights Reserved.

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