REPORT SAMBIT - 1

SAMBIT - 2

CONTENTS

1 Introduction 04
2 Objective 04
3 Acknowledgment 05
4 Inauguration Ceremony 06 – 11
4.1 Father Reginald Fernandes, Convenor, State Inter 06
Agency Group, West Bengal
4.2 Dr. Asim Dasgupta, Minister-in-Charge, Finance 06
Department, Government of West Bengal
4.3 Shri B. Bhattacharya, Member, National Disaster 07
Management Authority
4.4 Shri. Anisur Rahaman, Minister-in-charge, Department 08
of Panchayat and Rural Development, GoWB
4.5 Dr. Mortaja Hossain, Minister-in-Charge, Department of 08
Disaster Management, Government of West Bengal
4.6 Shri M.L. Meena, Principal Secretary, Department of 09
Disaster Management, GoWB
4.7 Shri G.S. Mandal, Cyclone Expert, NDMA 09
4.8 Shri Nasir Ateeq, UNICEF 10
5 Role of media and DRR 12 - 14
6 Day 1- Session One 15 – 21
6.1 Integration of DRR in development 15 – 17
6.2 Community and family level preparedness 18 – 19
6.3 Multi-Hazard and Climate Change in the context of West 20 – 21
Bengal
7 Day 2 – Session One 22 – 27
7.1 Role of Panchayat in Disaster Management 22 – 23
7.2 Issues of water and Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion in 24 – 25
Emergencies
7.3 Preparedness in the backdrop of Aila 26 – 27
8 Educational and Cultural programmes 28
8.1 Quiz 28
8.2 Kobigaan, folk songs 28
8.3 Band performance 28
8.4 Mock drill 28
8.5 Stalls 28
9 Day 2 – Session Two 29 – 35
9.1 Earthquake Risk Mitigation 29 – 30
9.2 Health and Nutrition in Disaster Response 31 – 33
9.3 Our learning in Post Cyclone Response 34 – 35
10 Day 3 – Session One 36 – 41
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10.1 Policies and Challenges in Disaster Risk Reduction 36 - 37

10.2 Education and Child Protection in Emergencies 38 – 39
10.3 Rights based Issues in Response & Preparedness 40 – 41
11 Closing Ceremony 42 – 44
11.1 Shri Puthumai Nazarene, State Coordinator, State Inter 42
Agency Group, West Bengal
11.2 Shri Debabrata Pal, IAS, Joint Secretary, Department of 42
Disaster Management, Government of West Bengal
11.3 Shri G.Padmanabhan, UNDP 42
11.4 Shri Ray Kancharala, Save the Children 43
11.5 Shri Himadri Maitra, Disaster Management Officer 43
11.6 Shri Subhashish Debnath, Organizing Committee 44
Photographs 45 - 46
IAG – Contacts 47
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INTRODUCTION

“Sambit”-the first West Bengal State DRR Congress, was organised by the State Inter-
Agency Group in collaboration with the Department of Disaster Management, Government
of West Bengal during April 22-24, 2010 in the Yuva Bharati Krirangan (Salt Lake Stadium),
Kolkata. There were around 700 participants in the three-day Congress that included
representatives from various communities, government officials, and representatives from
UN Organisations, NGOs, INGOs, educationists and Students. This Congress gains its
importance because of the increasing episodes of disasters across the globe in the last few
decades. This Congress has been able to chalk out a roadmap for the future with
enthusiastic participation from delegates from the districts, media representatives and
other participants. The special significance of this Congress was exchange of opinion
towards creating a common platform for integrating and mainstreaming disaster risk
reduction development among the DRR experts, PRI representatives, NGO representatives
and Government officials.

OBJECTIVE

1. To provide a common platform for stakeholders and communities for sharing of ideas
and knowledge of DRR in West Bengal.
2. To focus on challenges while implementing risk reduction initiatives in the multi-
hazardous environment.
3. To advocate and demonstrate good practices for an enabling environment in DRR
activities.
4. Strengthen the institutionalization of unified response strategy through inter-agency
coordination.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The successful implementation of the first State Disaster Risk Reduction Congress “Sambit”
could not have been possible without the co-operation and assistance of the following
respective organizations. They are:

1. National Disaster Management Authority, New Delhi

2. Department of Disaster Management, Government of West Bengal
3. National Disaster Response Force, Madhyamgram, Kolkata
4. Jadavpur University
5. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
6. United Nations Development Programmes (UNDP)
7. World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), India
8. Indian Red Cross Society
9. Caritas, India
10. Dan Church Aid, India
11. Lutheran World Service India Trust
12. Oxfam, India
13. Save the Children
14. Sphere India
15. Goal, Ireland
16. World Vision
17. Church’s Auxiliary for Social Action (CASA)
18. Adventist Development & Relief Agency (ADRA), India
19. Catholic Relief Services (CRS)
20. West Bengal Voluntary Health Association (WBVHA)
21. Association of Bengal Collaborators for Development (ABCD)
22. Southern Health Improvement Samity (SHIS)
23. Palli Unnayan Samity (PUS)
24. Society for Professional Action in Development (SPADE)
25. Professional Institute for Development and Socio Environmental Management
(PRISM)
26. TATA Steel Limited
27. Action Aid, India
28. Seva Kendra, Kolkata
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INAUGURATION CEREMONY

“Sambit”-the first West Bengal State DRR Congress, was organised by the State Inter-
Agency Group in collaboration with the Department of Disaster Management, Government
of West Bengal during April 22-24, 2010. Those who were present in the inauguration
ceremony included Dr. Asim Dasgupta Hon’ble Minister in Charge, Department of Finance;
Sri B. Bhattacharya Hon’ble Member NDMA; Shri. Anisur Rahaman Hon’ble Minister-in-
charge, Department of Panchayat and Rural Development, GoWB; Dr. Mortaja Hussain ,
Hon’ble Minister-in-charge, Department of Disaster Management; Sri M.L. Meena Principal
Secretary, Department of Disaster Management, Father R. Fernandes from State Inter
agency. The inaugural session was compered by Smt. Madhumanti Moitra.

In his welcome speech, the convenor of State IAG,

Father Reginald Fernandes called upon everybody
to be part of this noble cause and complimented the
participants of the Congress. The following gives the
summary of his address:

 The main objective of the three-day Congress is

to forge unity and exchange of opinion. If joy is
doubled, while grief becomes half, if shared.
 There are all kinds of people in the Congress –
those who have not been affected by disaster,
those who have been devastated by disaster and those who do not have any idea of
disaster. All of us can share information and knowledge and become enriched in the
process.
 It is hoped that active participation from national and international delegates will make
the Congress a grand success
 The main purpose of the DRR Congress is not to educate people, because there are a
number of media, including television and internet to educate people but sharing and
exchanging each others’ thoughts and experiences
 These three days will provide opportunities for coordination between the DRR
practitioners and DRR experts and the national and international organisations will
assume leading roles in this process.

In his address, Finance Minister Dr. Ashim Dasgupta thanked the State Inter Agency
Group (IAG) and the Department of Disaster Management, Govt of West Bengal for
organizing the Congress. He greeted all the participants of the Congress. He made spoke on
Disaster Risk Reduction the summary of which is given below:

1. He emphasized on collection and compilation of information and data on natural

disasters including flood, drought, cyclone etc.
2. He pointed out global warming and carbon emission as one of the main reasons for
disaster
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3. He suggested that the punitive actions should be adopted for rich nations, which are
primarily responsible for carbon emission and the countries which are making positive
contribution should be rewarded
4. He laid emphasis on planting of trees to bring
about environmental sustainability. He also
mentioned about formation of committee of
people living in the forests to prevent
indiscriminate deforestation.
5. He advised to engage international agencies for
dredging in the river-basins in order to solve the
silting problem. He advised to sell sand from the
river beds to those who need them. This, he
observed, would solve the sewerage system.
6. In order to increase the water sources, he advised
to prepare for ponds and water bodies and integrate with National Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme (NREGS).
7. He expressed the need to prepare GIS map in order to manage landslide in North
Bengal.
8. In the area of weather forecast, he advised to follow scientific principles as per
international standards
9. He advised wide dissemination of weather forecast
10. He mentioned setting up of relief centres in a decentralized manner
11. He mentioned importance of mobilising Self Help Groups (SHGs) for Disaster
management
12. He emphasized on coordination between Government and non-government agencies
13. He expressed the importance of publishing information on relief distribution before the
public

After the speech by the Finance Minister, Shri. B. Bhattacharya, member NDMA made a
short speech. At the outset, he thanked the Government of West Bengal particularly
Department of Disaster Management, and all the
participants. He mentioned in the beginning that
discussions on Disaster Risk management is not
limited to relief, but has wider appeal. The following
gives a summary of his speech.

 The geographical location has primary role. It has

mountains on the north and 7500km of coastline.
He ascribed shifting of the Indian Plate on the
north eastern side as one of the main reasons of
climate change.
 He emphasized on planning prior to disaster and preventive strategies along with
rehabilitation and rescue. Although Disaster prevention action was adopted in 1987
internationally, it has been implemented in India late
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 Emphasis should be given on vulnerable analysis and risk assessment.

 Proper systems should be applied for disaster management. It is necessary to prepare
appropriate maps. More importantly, there should be coordination between maps for
various disasters, viz. flood, cyclone etc,
 The central government has undertaken a number of programmes for disaster
mitigation.
 Proper network need to be established for dissemination of information from state
level to district level and finally o people and vice versa.
 A number of solutions have emerged in the last 20 years. Infrastructure must be
prepared for establishment of communication network and ensuring normal life during
disaster.
 There is still 60% gap between planning and implementation.
 There are encouraging examples at international level. For instance, only 34 people
died of earthquake in Japan in last 7 years and in California there is no report of Death.

The next speaker was special guest of the inauguration ceremony, the Hon’ble Minister-in-
Charge for Panchayat and Rural Development, Shri Anisur Rahaman. The main points of
his speech were:

1. To integrate of Panchayats in disaster risk

reduction activities.
2. To take lessons from earlier episodes of flood
in 1978, 1988 and 2000 and take lessons
related to rehabilitation.
3. Strong coordination between Panchayat and
NGOs is required at all levels for risk reduction.
Immediately capacity building exercises is to
be conducted jointly with Panchayats and
NGOs.
4. The minister also suggested the Panchayats
would take more responsibility in DRR.

Disaster Management Minister Dr. Mortaja Hossain

spoke the following in his brief speech.

1. He assigned global warming and deforestation are

main reasons for disaster.
2. He observed indiscriminate construction activities
due to increased urbanization is one of the main
reasons for disturbance of ecological balance.
3. He advised IAG to advocate the central
government to take stringent steps towards
strong mitigation measures to reduce disaster
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risks.

The Minister’s speech was followed by a short address by Shri M.L. Meena, Principal
Secretary, Disaster Management Department. While thanking all the participants, he made
the following points:

 On the basis of recent experience of tornado in Uttar Dinajpur, he said that a lot
people become homeless. It is the responsibility of the NGOs and Government to
arrange proper shelter for the homeless people
 Distribution of relief should be proper during
disaster and relief should reach the most
distressed people.
 Sometimes relief materials do not reach
properly because of local problem. NGOs can
make people aware about this, and work for
more cooperation so that relief materials are
reached to the right places at the right time.
 NGOs should be engaged in relief work since
requirement of manpower is high during
disaster

Shri G.S. Mandal, Cyclone Specialist, NDMA also thanked IAG and Government of West
Bengal for organizing such a big event. Brief content of his speech is as follows:

 West Bengal, Maharashtra and Gujarat have been included in national Cyclone Risk
Mitigation Programme along with other states including Andhra Pradesh, Orissa etc.
More states will be included in the future.
 More relief shelters should be set up with help
from the Central Government. Arrangements
must be made to relocate people to safe
places.
 Last Mile Connectivity was also mentioned
through which contacts can be established
from state to community level.
 Government has done commendable job in
releasing grant to set up Relief / cyclone
Shelter.
 Although relocation of people from place of disaster is most important, this job
becomes difficult because of high population density.
 National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Programme (NCRMP) has been set with support
from Government of India and World Bank. The Central Government will operate on
the basis of Five Year Plan.
 The communication system gets destroyed by high tide during cyclone.
Reconstruction of infrastructure has been done in a fast manner.
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 Infrastructures is necessary for transfer of information from districts to the villages.

 Rainfall is comparatively high in West Bengal and 200-230 km is the expected speed
of cyclone. The speed was less during Aila yet we have failed to manage the disaster.
 Mobile connection needs to be strengthened for early warning.
 The situation has improved in last 30 years in the field of Disaster Management.
However, Disaster-resistant Infrastructure has to be improved a lot

Speaking on behalf of Ms. Lori Calvo, the State Representative of UNICEF, Shri Nasir Ateeq,
Programme Communications Specialist, UNICEF, observed that State IAG has proved itself
to be a mobiliser at the international level. The activities were spread from mid 2009. He
conveyed his wishes to all participants.

UNICEF is deeply satisfied to be associated with Department of Disaster Management and

IAG. It is evident from Aila experience that
Department of Disaster Management is very watchful
on Disaster Risk Reduction. UNICEF is particularly
concerned with safety of women and children.
UNICEF is eager to work with agencies like IAG,
UNDP, OXFAM etc. It is evident from the discussion
that DRR initiative is successful and West Bengal has
proved to be model.

UNICEF wishes to spread the message that while West

Bengal has projected itself as a model, there is no
room for complacency. A number of vulnerable communities have a lot to learn on DRR.

Congress is a platform where a future plan can emerge through joint consultation. UNICEF
expresses thanks to IAG, Department of Disaster Management and all the delegates.
UNICEF pledges to be with women and children during disaster. A positive outcome in this
regard is also expected from this consultation.

At first Smt. Bani Saraswati, member of the IAG, greeted all the participants. She, on
behalf of IAG, thanked the Hon’ble Minister
Shri.Ashim Dasgupta. She mentioned that Shri
Dasgupta made an important observation. The
analysis that growing episodes of disasters and the
reasons should not be confined to the national
boundaries but has to be traced to the activities of the
developed countries. She thanked the Minister for
making the all participants of the session richer with
his insightful observations. She also thanked
Mr.B.Bhattacharya member of NDMA, who came all
the way from Delhi. She expressed her vote of thanks
to Mr. Anisur Rahman, Minister of Panchayat and Rural development. His presence was
 SAMBIT - 11

significant for the session. He shared his rich experiences with the participants. She also
thanked Minister in Charge, Disaster Management Department , Dr. Mortaja Hussain, the
Principal Secretary of the Department, Shri M.L.Meena and Dr. G.S. Mandal of NDMA, who is
an expert on Cyclone. Though Ms. Lori Kalvo of UNICEF could not take part in the Congress,
her absence was compensated by Shri Nasir Ateeq. Smt. Bani Sarawati thanked UNICEF for
initiating CBDRR work In West Bengal.

She also thanked the government officials especially Shri Debadrata Pal who discussed the
issues in an open mind.

She also thanked the media, representatives from Panchayat and the other participants
present in the programme. She looked forward for a fruitful discussion in the three day
programme.
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Theme: Role of Media and Disaster Risk Reduction

Day : 22 April, 2010, Venue: Ichamati Auditorium, Session: Post-Inaugural

The theme of session at venue Ichamati of the first day’s programme of “Sambit”-1ST State
DRR Congress, West Bengal was ‘Role of Media and Disaster Risk Reduction’. The
chairperson of this session was Shri Ashok Bhattacharya, Director - Roopkala Kendra. The
other panelists were Shri Bob Roy from the Times Group, Smt. Ishani Dutta Roy from ABP,
Smt. Ajitha Menon from ANI. The session was conducted by Smt. Sucharita Barman.

Smt. Barman began the session with a proper

explanation of the concept Disaster Risk Reduction
and how this term can be well executed in a holistic
pattern.

Shri Ashok Bhattacharya observed that it is the

responsibility of the media to generate awareness
on disaster risk reduction among people at the
grassroots level. The awareness generation has to be
carried out in well-specified method in an
uninterrupted manner before and after any disaster.

Chairman’s address was followed by interactive session. One of the participants

commented that terrorist attack is one kind of disaster and enquired what would be the
role of mass media in this aspect.

The Expert Panel comprising of Smt. Ajitha Menon and Smt. Ishani Dutta Roy observed that
during any disaster it is very difficult to get accurate information from any government
official. It is also difficult to ascertain the exact responsibilities assigned to an officer. Some
government officials try to avoid queries. Hence it is important to maintain all the relevant
information. Moreover, the responsibilities assigned to one specific officer should be
publicly notified so that in case of any requirement, the officer can be contacted directly.

In this context the Chairman of the session observed that most of the people of India were
not aware of ‘tsunami’ before it happened. But Japan, being a coastal country had prior
experience of tsunami and therefore was fully equipped to deal with emergency situation.
The risk could have been averted if awareness generation workshops were organised by
govt agencies. He observed that if State IAG takes the initiative for coordination, this will be
more effective.

Shri. Puthumai Nazarene from the State IAG made a pledge that State IAG will play an
important role in coordination and will be organizing seminars and workshops on regular
basis for orientation of media for disaster risk reduction.
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One participant observed that disaster is not exclusively environment related. A number of
schools have been closed in West Bengal. He enquired about the role of media in awareness
media regarding this issue.
Most of the disasters originate from human activities. Large dam is a case in point. Besides,
illegal construction near coastal areas increases the possibility of cyclonic situations.
The Experts, mainly Shri Bob Roy and Smt. Ishani
Dutta Roy informed that media houses operate with
limited human resources. It is very difficult for few
reporters to collect all the relevant data and
information. Hence if organisations which are
associated with such activities can come forward and
assist media to collect data then media can play an
active role in generating awareness for disaster risk
reduction.
One of the participants observed that after any
disaster, gory footage and photographs are displayed in mass media which may cause panic
in the minds of the people. He asked whether display of such footage / photographs should
be banned.
In the context of this observation, Shri Bibhas Pal from Kolkata Doordarshan informed that
Doordarshan supports the view that no gory display should be encouraged. Those who
engage in display of such photographs belong to private TV channels.

Ajitha Menon had a different view on this. She said it is necessary to show such
photographs to the mass otherwise people will not get an idea of such devastations.
One participant observed that media does not give enough importance to landslide related
disaster in hilly areas. What is the method to generate awareness among people regarding
such issues.
Smt. Ishani Dutta Roy informed the audience that most of the time media does not get
information on time. In the post-disaster period media organisations do not take enough
initiative to spread awareness among people. They give very little importance to awareness
generation regarding disaster preparedness.

One participant observed that the fact that government department and mass media are
inter-dependent is not perceived and this leads to lack of coordination. Although the name
of the Relief Department has changed to Disaster Management department, mass media
reports as relief department. Disaster risk reduction initiatives will be easier and more
humane if the Disaster management Department and mass media operate in a coordinated
manner.

The Expert Panel (Shri Bob Roy and Smt. Ishani Dutta Roy) informed that the Disaster
management department has never shared the laws and programmes with mass media.
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While the Disaster management department works with a specific issue, mass media is
engaged. Keeping in mind the limitation of mass media, a coordinated effort will be helpful.
One participant enquired about any constructive role of mass media in raising awareness
on environmental risks such as Sponge Iron factories and global warming.

In reply to this Shri Bob Roy informed that a number of news-items have been published on
these issues. However, he communicated that the media cannot provide any solution to any
problem; it can only highlight the issues.

One participant observed that during any disaster, women suffer more than men. Women
suffer more because they hesitate to come out of their homes leaving all their belongings.
In order to reduce such type of risk, it is essential to raise awareness among women
through television serials.

In this context, the Chairperson informed that Roopkala Kendra has prepared a number of
short films on Disaster Risk Reduction and has plans to make more such films in future.

RECOMMENDATIONS
 To establish role and contribution of media as a partner of community and disaster
management and motivate them to take active part in awareness generation.
 To establish close contacts among the government and media to spread early warning and
awareness to the grassroots level.
 To adopt positive steps to ensure rights of people affected by disaster.
 To ensure that people do not suffer from unnecessary fear and negative attitude.
 Mass media personnel should take active participation in awareness building on disaster
management
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Theme: Integration of Disaster Risk Reduction into Development

Day : 22 April, 2010, Venue: Teesta Auditorium, Session: Evening

The theme of session 1 of the first day’s programme of “Sambit”-1ST State Disaster Risk
Reduction Congress, West Bengal was ‘Integration of DRR in development’. The
chairperson of this session was Smt.Choten Lama, IAS, who has served as District
Magistrate of East Midnapur district. Among other
speakers were Shri Surajit Roy, District Planning
Officer, South 24 Paraganas, Shri Tarun Debnath,
Secretary, SHG promotional forum. The moderator of
this session was Shri Himadri Maitra.

In the inaugural address Smt. Lama emphasized the

importance of the consultation. She observed that
adequate attention must be given so that risks of
Disaster do not hamper the process of development.
She shared one of her experiences of a disaster during
her tenure as DM. After a boat carrying 17 people capsized in a river, rescue work became
difficult and the reason was concrete structures thrown in the river during construction of
a bridge. Children can be made aware of the disaster risk and they, in turn, can spread
awareness in their homes.

The discussion session was followed by interactive session with active participation from
government officials, representatives from non government and voluntary organizations.
One of the topics that came for deliberation was landslide in hilly areas. One of the
participants enquired about the plans to be adopted for the next 25-30 years to reduce
potential risk of landslides in hilly areas like Darjeeling.

Smt. Choten lama commented that if the Government and Non-government organizations,
instead of working in isolated manner and blaming each other, work in unison, the
situation will improve. This would and can significantly reduce injuries and damage to
property. She added awareness generation at gram Panchayat level is mandatory and in
view of possibility of landslides in the hilly areas, it is possible to combine development
works with disaster risk reduction.

A number of issues emerged in the course of discussion:

1. It was advised to use the term “convergence” rather than ‘integration’.

2. A group of volunteers has to be formed at Panchayat level who, at the time of

implementation of developmental programme, will disseminate information on disaster
before, during and after a disaster. Besides, awareness generation on protection of
 SAMBIT - 16

human lives should not be limited to district or block level; it must also be conducted at
the Gram Samsad level as well.

3. Any developmental work has to be completed within scheduled time limit. Otherwise it
may increase the risk of disaster. Active participation and regular monitoring by
Panchayat Pradhan is necessary.

4. It was demanded by some that government should set up Flood Centres in the
Secondary and Higher Secondary schools.

5. In places like Purulia, dams are not constructed properly which leads to scarcity of
water during summer. However, cracks appear during rainy season which causes flood
in the villages. Government was urged to take appropriate steps.

6. It was also mentioned it becomes difficult for NGOs to implement programmes due to
non- cooperation from Panchayat.

During the course of discussion, Shri Surajit Roy

mentioned that the main problem is not negligence.
Rather, relationship between government and people
is perceived as ‘donor-receiver’ relationship. Usually
any planning or development plan flows from the
government to grassroots level. Effectiveness of the
programme increases if the cycle is reversed. In case
the planning is initiated at grassroots level and the
plan is presented to the government, the plan is
considered with more seriousness. He observed that
condition of people cannot be improved considerably
unless decentralized development process is adopted.

Shri Tarun Debnath addressed the same issue by saying that development and disaster are
interrelated. He said that work pace can be speeded up if it is done through SHGs. It is
observed that the places where SHGs have done productive work, localized disaster
reduction preparedness has been more effective. In this context, Shri Surajit Roy raised a
number of issues: (1) if one’s own home is well-protected and the electric connection is
proper, then one is protected and if this is disseminated in the community the overall risk
is reduced. (2) Importance of rain water storage in the context of Aila experience (3) He
advised to form disaster risk reduction groups at gram Panchayat level comprising of 10-12
male and 12 female. He suggested organizing regular meetings with the village women
during their leisure time to discuss this issue which may eventually lead to empowering
these women.
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Formation of task force by the members of self help groups and proper training imparted
to these members was suggested by Shri Debnath. He set an example by saying in 2004
those who took part in community based disaster preparedness did not lose any important
documents. The moderator of the session said in order to reduce the risk of disaster people
should be self dependent and exchange information on disaster risk reduction and other
related work, and this should be done in harmony.

RECOMMENDATIONS
1. To develop human resource skills in disaster management.
2. To give more power and responsibilities to self help groups and include them in disaster risk
reduction process.
3. To study and analyse hazard, risk and vulnerability at all levels.
4. In order to prepare micro-zonation, use of GIS technology has to be made mandatory. In order
to achieve this, coordination has to be brought about between District Planning Cell and
Disaster management department.
5. To make data available from “natural Resource Database Management System” from district
level to Gram Sansad level.
6. To undertake disaster related research within disaster management department. Closer
contacts to be developed between research organizations and implementing agencies for
execution of research findings.
7. To establish linkage between indicators of Disaster Risk Reduction and Human Development
Index.
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Theme: Community and Family Level Preparedness

Day : 22 April, Venue: Ichamati Auditorium, Session: Evening

The theme of session 3 of the first day’s programme of “Sambit”-1ST State Disater Risk
Reduction Congress, West Bengal was ‘Community and family level preparedness’. The
session on Community and family level preparedness had Shri Sunil Mammen from Caritas
India as the Chairperson. Md. Asif Ahmed, member of
Disaster Management Department; Anjan Bag, Caritas
India and Smt. Sheela Debi a SHG member as
panelists. This session was mostly on an interactive
mode with participation from members of Gram
Panchayat, representatives from non-government
organisations, officers of the disaster management
department.

One of the issues that was raised was preparation of

PLA method map on the basis of plans prepared at the
Gram Samsad level. Awareness generation at the family level was also discussed. The
following points also emerged during the discussion.

1. Implementation of early warning through siren before cyclone and flood

2. Population Report should be properly updated.

3. In view of possibility of change on government at Panchayat level training should be

organized every six months.

4. Easy escape route from home during disaster (Multiple roads to each village).

5. Coordination between Panchayat and disaster management department and Panchayat

with households.

6. Integration of Disaster management plans with the development plans.

7. Awareness among the school children on disaster preparedness and installation of hand
pump on the roof of houses for availability of water during disaster

8. Vigilance to prevent theft of sand bags placed as barriers for embankments

9. Arrangement of Disposable Delivery Kit (Dai kit) consisting of blade, thread, cotton,
polythene and gauge for expecting mothers.
 SAMBIT - 19

10. To keep necessary papers and documents together in separate place

11. In the flood-prone areas, to keep rice and other food items properly packed in plastic
bags so that food supply remains intact even if the house is inundated.

RECOMMENDATIONS
 To undertake awareness generation programs at household and community level through
village.
 To undertake regular planning exercise on disaster risk reduction and integrate this plan with
regular development plans at all levels.
 To make arrangements for training of workers associated with disaster risk reduction at regular
intervals.
 To undertake state-wide campaign to initiate the habit of keeping Family Survival Kits.
 SAMBIT - 20

Theme: Multi-Hazard and Climate Change in the context of West Bengal

Day: 22 April, Venue: Subarnarekha Auditorium, Session: Evening

The theme of session 4 of the first day’s programme of “Sambit”-1ST State Disaster Risk
Reduction Congress, West Bengal was ‘Multi-Hazard and Climate Change in the context of
West Bengal’. The session was chaired by Prof. Subhash Santra and the panelists were Shri
Roshan Rai, Prof. Ananda Chakraborty, Shri Subhro Sen from WWF and Shri Anshuman Das
from Service Centre. The discussion was conducted by Shri Pratik Kumar Bandopadhyay of
Disaster Management Department.
In this context Prof Chakraborty discussed the
possible reasons for landslide in West Bengal. In
analyzing the reasons he mentioned indiscriminate
de-forestation, rise of population in geometric
progression and consequent urbanization and air
pollution. Global warming is increasing the erratic
rainfall. Excessive use of fossil fuel is one of the
contributing factors. The temperature has increased
by 1oC in the last 15 years and intensity of Tropical
Cyclone has increased.
Change in natural pattern for landslide and rainfall is mainly responsible for flood and
drought. Excessive deposit of silt in the river has diminished the water retention capacity of
the rivers. Due to environmental imbalance even normal rainfall is giving rise to drought
situation.
He offered a number of suggestions:

 Upgradation of infrastructure for DRR

 Increase in awareness at all levels
 Wide dissemination of plans and programmes
A number of issues cropped up for discussion following the speech by Prof. Chakraborty

 The water carrying capacity of rivers is never discussed at the GP level or district level
and as a result of this weakness, a number of potentially dangerous projects get
sanction.
 Construction of roads, even National Highways on cultivable land
 Filling up of the water bodies for construction activities
 Strong legal framework is necessary to prevent such human activities that enhances the
possibility of disaster

WWF representative Shri Subhro Sen commented that although a lot is spoken about
climate change related issues, ultimately this issue do not get priority. He informed that
 SAMBIT - 21

although a state level climate change committee was formed two years back with the Chief
Minister of Government of West Bengal at the chair, it started functioning only a month ago.

Shri Roshan Rai who came from Darjeeling, in his

short speech said that, it is difficult to debate if
climate change is taking place scientifically or not.
But the questions that were raised in terms of
helplessness caused due to siltation, river issues or
sewage problems will get doubled with climate
change and with extreme heat and erratic monsoons.
He focussed on three main comments:

 A landscape approach is needed because the

Sunderbans and the rest of Bengal receive water from the Himalayas. At some places
there is excess or no water. But in Darjeeling there has been dramatic changes in terms
of crops like in the higher altitudes Rhododendrons are blooming a month before than
it used to.

 Another example would be the oranges which used to grow at the height of 3 – 4
thousand meters, is gaining altitude day by day.

 Most importantly, a type of mosquito which breeds mainly in the tea gardens is now
actually found in the foot hills of Darjeeling.
The whole discussion of multi hazard and climatic changes should look at a holistic
perspective, which includes food security and not just loss of water and soil.

One of the delegates asked what method should be adopted to communicate with the grass
root level people and what would be the role of media?
One of the panelists, Mr. Angshuman Das, commented that deforestation is at times
necessary for livelihood. However, if such activities are undertaken in a coordinated
manner and a land resource map is put in place then deforestation may not lead to disaster.
He advocated use of GIS technology.

RECOMMENDATIONS
1. To fix objectives for development of institutional structures and infrastructure at the State level in
order to get rid of the problems relating to disaster and climate change
2. To stop deforestation and promote aforestation and keep a balance on Food Chain and habitat
change.
3. Make a state wide plan on land resources.
4. To increase all round awareness on landslide, land erosion and habitat chain in the coastal areas.
5. In order to promote long term development, an integrated plan has to be prepared through
concerted efforts by environmentalists, development specialists and disaster management
specialists.
 SAMBIT - 22

Theme: Role of Panchayat and Participatory Approaches in Disaster Risk Reduction

Day 23 April, Venue: Teesta Auditorium, Session: Morning

The theme of session 1 of the second day’s programme of “Sambit”-1ST State Disaster Risk
Reduction Congress, West Bengal was ‘Role of Panchayat in disaster management’. The
Chairperson of this session was Shri Amalendu Ghosh. The Panelists were Shri Sanjay
Moulik, Shri Manab Sen and Ms. Bani Saraswati. Sri Pinaki Haldar moderated the session.

Shri Ghosh emphasized on the fact that Gram

Panchayat Act, 1973 does not have any mention of
separate rules on Disaster Risk Management. Hence
the concept of disaster management should be
viewed as an integral part of well-conceived and
well-planned development.

It was also mentioned that Panchayat sometimes play

the role of government and it is its responsibility to
play such a role. Some Panchayat members shared
personal experiences like they have seen crops
spread over the roads which can lead to accidents.

Other issues discussed were:

 Improper implementation of plans due to limited resource of government.

 Existence of Kucha roads, particularly in places like Gajol, Malda which may cause
floods during rain.
 It was suggested to form immediate Action group to fight against disaster.
 Crops are scattered on the roads in the rural areas, which make them prone to
 accidents.

Smt. Bani Saraswati also mentioned various roles of women in any emergency. She also
laminated that keeping in mind emergency situations women should keep all the important
documents like property papers in safe and protected place.

Sri Manab Sen advocated that Disaster Management plan should be prepared in
coordination with Gram Sansad, Gram Panchayat, Block and District. Sri Sanjay Mollick
promoted educating and awareness building among common mass on disaster risk
reduction.
 SAMBIT - 23

RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Preparation of disaster management plan in coordination with Gram Samsad, Gram
Panchayat, Block and District
2. To include officers of Disaster management Department in the Planning and
Development Committees of Panchayat bodies in various tiers
3. Representation in SDMA (State Disaster Management Authority) from Panchayat
Department
4. To create awareness among the Panchayat members to incorporate DRR in development
plans
5. To amend the Panchayat act in order to include DRR. Similarly, the State Disaster
Management Act to be amended in order to incorporate the role of Panchayat
 SAMBIT - 24

Theme: Issues of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion in Emergencies

Day: 23 April 2010, Venue: Ichamati, Session: Morning

The theme of session 2 of the second day’s programme of “Sambit”-1ST State Disaster Risk
Reduction Congress, West Bengal was “Issue of water and sanitation and hygiene
promotion in emergencies” Prof. Arunava Majumdar was on the chair and other panelists
were Dr. Anshuman Mitra, Smt. Mamta Pradhan from Oxfam and Shri. Pratik Kumar
Bandopadhyay, officer of Disaster Management Department. The discussion was hosted by
Shri Bhashwar Bandopadhyay from Oxfam.

Prof. Majumdar commented at the outset that safe

water is one of the basic human rights. During
disaster safe water becomes scarce but safe water is
absolutely necessary to ensure health. Microbial and
natural pollution are two major reasons for
environmental pollution. Therefore water pollution
becomes a major issue during flood. If people are
aware of water purification techniques, it becomes
possible to purify flood water and use for drinking
and household work. Since tube wells get submerged
during flood the same have to be disinfected. It is
important to form volunteer team from local youth and they should be trained in repairing
hand pumps.

Water purification needs to be monitored and it must be ensured that diarrhoea, malaria,
and cholera are not spread in the relief camps. If the water supply is not adequate, the
stagnant water must be purified before use.

Mamata Pradhan demonstrated models of latrines. The design of the toilets in the flood
prone areas must be advanced and the height is more than the normal toilets.

Two issues came up for discussion:

 The cheap variety single pit latrine gets flooded easily - how to manage this
problem.
 Due to inundation of the toilet, water at home becomes scarce -how to manage this
problem.

In reply to the first question, P.K. Banerjee there is basic technical difference in design
between toilet used in normal and flood prone areas. Prof. Majumdar mentioned there are
two types of toilets and the Vietnam Model is named “Eco-San-Toilet” is used which is
suitable in flood prone areas.
 SAMBIT - 25

One participant asked about the quality of water that we drink every day. He said there are
116 water quality laboratories in West Bengal. He also said sand layer must be placed in
the toilet pits and should be at least 30 ft from the water source. In reply to another
question he said the depth of litch pit should not be more than 5 ft.

In the discussions that followed, Dr. Mitra brought

forth the public health and hygiene aspects in
relation to water and sanitation issues. Water
purification was also discussed. Shri Banerjee
reiterated the importance of awareness building and
group formation in order to ensure relief
distribution and water purification.

Dr. Majumdar underscored the importance of

creating barrier around water bodies and advised
collaborative venture with STF for water
purification. He also mentioned that women become vulnerable to reproductive tract
infection. He advised use of sanitary pads.

RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Administrative steps to be taken to raise awareness on water purification techniques.

2. People must be oriented on techniques to store rain water in ponds and water tank.

3. Use of NREGS for implementation of sewage system.

4. Infrastructure upgradation of toilets to make them suitable for use in disaster situation.

5. Water and hygiene aspects must be included in the disaster management plans at Panchayat
and Municipal level.
 SAMBIT - 26

Theme: Preparedness in the backdrop of Cyclone Aila

Day 23 April, 2010 Venue Subarnarekha Auditorium, Session: Morning

The theme of session 4 of the second day’s programme of “Sambit”-1ST State DRR Congress,
West Bengal was ‘Preparedness in the backdrop of Aila’. Chairperson of the session was
Shri Hari Krishna. Among the speakers were Shri
B.C.Patra, Joint Secretary of Disaster Management
Department, Govt West Bengal, Prof Abhijit Kundu
from Jadavpur University and Shri Paresh Chandra
Mandal, representative of an NGO in Sunderban.

Shri Hari Krishna initiated the session by highlighting

on the lessons about how to fight against cyclones
like Aila in the future. He categorized the session into
four parts:
 Pre-disaster cautionary arrangements During Aila
 Participation of government and NGOs
 Negative impact of Aila
 Future preparedness strategy on the basis of Aila experience

The suggestions which came up at the beginning of the discussion are as follows:
 Instead of referring only about Aila it would be better a holistic view is adopted for
kind of devastating cyclone.
 Weather forecast and necessary information if provided on time by the
meteorological department with SMS alerts can help in reducing disaster.

Abhijit Kundu added by saying that sometimes people do not take the alerts seriously.
Some people thought Aila would ultimately move towards Bangladesh without touching
West Bengal. Shri Kundu emphasized on scientific development and spoke about ‘Last Mile
Connectivity”. He emphasized mobilizing ICDS workers at the grassroots level for
dissemination of alerts. In case this is not possible, a system of alerts through mobile
phones could be introduced. He suggested construction of at least one concrete house in
every disaster prone area which can be used as cyclone shelter during disaster.

A comparative analysis between Aila and tornado in Uttar Dinajpur cropped up during
deliberations. While Aila happened during the day, tornado struck at night. There were
alerts before Aila but there was no information before tornado. Where Aila destroyed
Bengal and some parts of Bangladesh tornado affected only few places. Number of deaths
during Aila and afterwards (mainly out of diseases like cholera) was much more than that
in tornado. Approximately 39 people died during tornado. Many of them were hit by tinned
(aluminium sheet) roof, a structure which is more popular in North Bengal than in coastal
belt.
 SAMBIT - 27

Shri Kundu said that it is very difficult to send alerts before any tornado. India is not
equipped with such technology.

Shri Patra said that initiative is being taken to send weather forecast information to
villages. He informed that the high tide coupled with air blowing generated from eastern
India added to the force of Aila. He said that community participation is required and
NCRMP will soon be implemented. He highlighted on safety measures during construction
of houses and initiating discourse on repairing river dams. He stressed more on pre-
disaster measures while planning for disaster management.

Shri Paresh Chandra Mandal said that planning,

development and prevention has to be done and at the
same time awareness generation must be emphasised.
Arrangement for siren has to be done in advance to
send alerts to people.

The participants from Jhorkhali, Basanti block of South

24 Parganas asked on the method of construction of
river dams. Why they could not prepare themselves
while Bangladesh took preparations 12 hours prior to
the disaster. In response to these Shri Patra said as
follows:

- People should stop construction of houses on the dam

- If rice is kept on dams for drying, mice get attracted and make holes which
increase the risk of the dams getting destroyed.
- People should stop taking mud from the dams for construction of houses

In the context of disaster management in the hilly areas, Shri Patra informed that
Geological survey of India will start survey work in the hill areas. However he strongly said
deforestation has to be stopped in the hills.

RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Technological improvement for cyclone warning is required, however,
emphasis should be made on learning to gather information from the wind,
sky and clouds and organizing more workshops in this regard.

2. Cutting of mangroves must be discouraged which would naturally save the

Sundarban.
 SAMBIT - 28

Educational and Cultural programmes during ‘Sambit’

Quiz

A quiz contest was organized on Disaster Risk

Reduction in the post-lunch session on the second day.
The discerning point of this session was enthusiastic
participation by the delegates. Most of the delegates
gave correct answers and thereby demonstrated high
level of awareness. The contest was coordinated by Shri
Anupam Chakrabarty from the Department of Disaster
Management.

Kobigaan (folk songs)

At the outset, a group of folk singers from Burdwan
performed Kobigaan. It was informative and through their
performance they presented various aspects of Disaster and
dos’ and don’ts of the people in all disaster phases

Band performance
After the all day long
discussion ‘Mohul’, a group
of Bengali folk singers, gave
a breakthrough performance. Participants enjoyed
thoroughly and became a part of the excitement filled
warm evening.
Mock drill
The role of the dogs trained under the strict supervision
for the inspection of the police is famous all over the
world. The highly trained dogs can not only be used in
police inspection, but also in the emergencies during
disasters, which was correctly proved by the members of
the NDRF through their eye-catching dog-show.

Stalls
The venue of the three
day long conference of the Disaster Risk Reduction
Congress was ornamented with twenty stalls. Many
INGOs / NGOs and self-help organisations, put up stalls
to show case items and issues relating to DRR, along
with the Disaster Management Department Government
of West Bengal, Jadavpur University and NDRF.
 SAMBIT - 29

Theme: Earthquake Risk Mitigation

Day: 23 April, 2010, Venue: Teesta Auditorium, Session: Afternoon

The theme of afternoon session of the second day’s programme of “Sambit”- 1ST State
Disaster Risk Reduction Congress, West Bengal was ‘Earthquake Risk Mitigation’. The
Chairperson of this session was Shri Debashis Kar, Director General Building, Kolkata
Municipal Corporation. The Panelists were Shri Biswajit Chakraborty and Shri Sujoy
Chowdhury of Goal Ireland. Smt. Ranjini Mukharjee of UNDP anchored the session.

The Chairperson observed that earthquake strikes all

of a sudden at any time of day and night without any
prior warning. Hence this issue needs to be given
special attention. Special techniques have to be
adopted to reduce the risk of such disaster. It is
advisable not to construct strong concrete walls in
earthquake prone zones since lot of people have died
as a result of building collapse. It is also observed
that earthquake has less severe effect on mud
houses. Local resources and earthquake resistant
technology suitable to the local situation has to be
referred to when infrastructure design of the area would be planned.
Smt. Ranjini Mukherjee, mentioned that earthquake risk reduction should be included into
the syllabus of school children and also mentioned the role of schools in this issue.

Shri Biswajit Chakroborty, an expert on DRR divided earthquake-prone areas in various

categories:
1. Extremely high earthquake prone zone
2. Moderately high earthquake prone zone
3. Low earthquake prone zone

In the West Bengal context, the following gives idea on zones:

 Jalpaiguri and Coochbehar fall within extremely high earthquake prone zone
 South 24 Paraganas fall under Moderately High earthquake prone zone

He said that most of the towns are not planned. If an earthquake strikes Kolkata, with its
effect measuring 4.5 on Richter scale, it would damage almost 45% of the constructions of
the city. Chances of damage are more during the day because a large number of people
come to the city for livelihood from districts and villages.

Shri Sujoy Choudhury said:

 People in the urban area should be more aware in the day to day life.
 Everybody should have a clear idea of the type of construction of their respective
workplace.
 People should be aware of easy route of escape during a disaster.
 SAMBIT - 30

 Capacity building and awareness generation is required at both school and college level.
Citing an example from the Gujarat earthquake, he informed that lack of awareness led to
so many deaths. This was because the school children took shelter inside the school
buildings which collapsed.

One Participant observed that during floods in

Bardhaman, substantial number of people lose their
lives because of inundation of the coal mines. He
suggested setting up of Diver training centre in
Mython Dam. Every 20-60 km area should have one
diver under the supervision of Corporation and
Panchayat. This would help saving lives.

In urban area construction of houses with pillars is a

normal phenomenon which is unsafe from disaster
point of view. However, these are considered as
legal construction by Municipal Corporations. Hence
awareness generation needs to be done at Municipal
level.

Another participant commented that there is no system of demolishing any structure that
is unable to withstand a disaster. The Government projects do not allot additional funds to
construct Disaster-resistant houses. Panchayats do not have any designated engineer.
Therefore, infrastructural change is necessary. Another participant observed that Disaster
management should be included in school syllabus. Drama, Mime and paintings exhibitions
can be used as awareness media to spread awareness among school children. School
buildings should be constructed in such a manner that they are Disaster-resistant.
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. To set up Diver training Centres to avoid loss during earthquakes and avalanches in the Mining
Areas
2. To introduce BIS codes and disaster resistant features in Panchayat Building Bye-laws for house
and infrastructure construction.
3. To appoint engineer capable of setting up of disaster-resistant structures in the Panchayat
administration
4. The school buildings should be constructed in accordance with latest building bye-laws and
considering disaster-resistant technology accordingly. School Safety programmes should
immediately be started and adopted at the state level.
5. Organize sophisticated training for Fire Brigade and Civil Defence personnel
6. Adherence to BIS Specification specially with respect to recent improvements brought in for
constructions e.g Ductile grades like Fe500D with its better product features will reduce the
risk of disaster in all types of construction for individuals or for institutions.
 SAMBIT - 31

Theme: Health and Nutrition in Disaster Response

Day 23 April, 2010, Venue : Ichamati Auditorium , Session: Afternoon

The theme of session at venue Ichamati of the second day’s programme of “Sambit”-1ST
State Disaster Risk Reduction Congress, West Bengal was ‘Health and Nutrition in Disaster
Response’. Chairperson of the session was Dr.Ujjwal Sengupta. Other members of the panel
were Dr. Asit Pandey, Dr. Prabhas Choudhury. Dr. Prabir Chatterjee moderated the
discussion. Dr. Sukanta Sil of North 24 Parganas CMOH was also present.

The Chairperson emphasized on the importance of the health of the victims after any
disaster. He said that disaster is directly related with health and nutrition. Lack of nutrition
is observed after disaster which eventually affects public health.

Dr.Asit Pandey (ACMOH) referred to the picture of

Basirhat, North 24 Paraganas after Aila. He shared
his experience by saying that three blocks of North
24 Paraganas were flooded and one government
representative was dedicated to every Aila affected
block.

53,840 suffered from diarrhoea out of which 11

died. 61 were victims of snake-bite and 2 people
died. 7 blocks which included Hingalgunj,
Sandeshkhali and Hasnabad were totally devastated
by Aila. 6,17,000 people out of a total population of 13,50,000 were injured. 22,400 people
suffered from malaria, dengue and cholera. The main area of concern was unsafe drinking
water. It was found that water supplied by Government and NGOs contained bacteria, the
main reason for this being leakage of pipe line. The numbers of relief workers were not
sufficient though lot of people from Government and NGOs were engaged in relief work. Dr
Pandey said that the drinking water supplied in pouches were contaminated which in turn
contaminated the water leaked from pipeline. In spite of so many limitations the diseases
were eventually managed with the help of the relief workers.

Every person requires 15 litres of drinking water every day. But Aila affected areas did not
get sufficient drinking water. It was suggested to mix 3 drops of bleaching powder to every
litre of water. But there was not enough supply of bleaching powder.

Children below 5 years did not get vitamins in their meal. ‘Chiré and gur’ (Pressed rice and
molasses) were usually supplied to people during an emergency. But this type of food has
less nutritious value. Lack of protein has also been observed.

Dr.Pandey’s speech was followed by observations of Dr. Prabhas Choudhury. He said since
53% of the villages of West Bengal are flood-prone, so recovery including rehabilitation
and reconstruction is difficult in these areas. Both government and NGOs must work
together to face and manage these kinds of disasters. He suggested forming a group in
 SAMBIT - 32

every block comprising of one government official and a doctor and that their contact
numbers must be provided to everybody in the respective block.

Keeping in mind of the public health, 500 antibiotics were supplied which helped to fight
against the diseases after Aila. He added with deep regret that in some cases relief work
was hampered. The relief workers got stuck up on their way to remote areas. Due to lack of
proper communication facilities relief could not be sent. Hence awareness generation is
required among common people along with active and rapid response during emergency
situations. Dr.Ujjwal Sengupta also shared the same view. He said that pre and post disaster
plans are required.

Some important and vital questions were raised from the participants at the end of the
session.
 During any disaster what should be the mode of
treatment for the elderly people
 How to handle child-related nutrition issues.
 All the children stay in same relief camps makes
them difficult to stay healthy.
 Whether medicines are used in sufficient quantity
in the villages. Often, villagers do not prefer to take
ORS simply because of “bad taste”
 How to keep the women healthy in relief camps
and whether it is possible to arrange for trauma
counseling.
 What arrangements can be taken to keep the women safe and protected in the relief
camps

In context to the questions raised by the participants, the discussion that came to the fore
front was:

Nutrition plays a vital role during any natural calamities or disasters. So nutrition should
not be overlooked during this time. It should be according to the standards of the present
time as well.

Hygienic, cheap and more nutritious food should be included as relief food. For example: it
is seen that Chhola or Bengal Gram is given as relief food, though it is nutritious but water
is needed to consume it. During emergencies it is hard to get potable water. So, we have to
think about such food which gives optimum nutrition; beside the food, hygiene can be
maintained.

It is seen that children and older people do not get proper nutrition during disasters. We
have to think about the cheap enriched and fortified food for them including women. (The
“At risk group”)

It is also observed that, there is a tendency among mothers to overfeed their children
during this time, to secure the food for them. As psychologically, mothers are biased and
 SAMBIT - 33

want to secure maximum food for their children, they also collect cooked food from the
camp and store them privately for their children. Storing foods unscientifically, can lead to
outbreak of many diseases.

So here we have to give them nutrition, education and also a nutrition monitoring system
(specifically during disasters) which should be set up for proper monitoring. It would not
only be able to achieve the highest nutrition but also cut the expense of the Government by
proper use of resource.

Proper nutrition monitoring and special care should be taken in the flood or disaster prone
areas, as this strategy would help to reduce the negative consequences of an aftermath.
Nutrition and hygiene education should be given to all who are handling food at that time.

RECOMMENDATIONS
 Special Disaster-related plans have to be prepared regarding health and nutrition and this plan
should have special provisions for the vulnerable section including children, elderly people,
breast-feeding mothers. This has to be integrated with the main DRR plan
 Vulnerability relating to Health and Nutrition has to be assessed for different types of
disasters
 Safe toilet for women and children need to be arranged. Special attention must be given to
reproductive health of women. Arrangements must be made to make hygienic materials
accessible.
 In the post-disaster period, survey must be conducted for behaviour change and analysis of
psychological impact on them, and facility for counselling may be done.
 SAMBIT - 34

Theme: Our learning in Post Cyclone Aila

Day 23 April, 2010, Venue : Subarnarekha Auditorium, Session: Afternoon

The theme of session at Subarnarekha of the second day’s programme of “Sambit”-1ST State
DRR Congress, West Bengal was ‘Our learning in post
cyclone response’. The Chairperson of this session
was Shri Nilanjan Shandilya , ADM, South24
Paraganas District. Other Panelists included Shri
Tanaji Sen from Red-R India, Shri Jatin Mandar from
Save the Children, Shri Alok Ghosh from CASA and Fr.
Soosaiappa from Palli Unnayan Samity. The
Moderator of the session was Shri Puthumai
A.Nazarene, the State Coordinator of State Inter
Agency Group-West Bengal.

The chairperson said that one of the major lessons from Aila is that we should change our
mindset towards DRR. It has to be seen that the disasters cause minimum injury and
damage. Puthumai displayed some slides containing data and photographs of damage
caused by Aila and said that Disaster management becomes easier if NGOs work together
with Panchayats.

The issues that emerged during deliberations are:

 Sharing of experiences and ideas is less within the NGOs. Sometimes relief sent in
one place is less and surplus in another place. This is due to the fact that NGOs have
very little idea of the geographical location. Psycho-social reception was also
discussed in the session.
 During Aila the agricultural fields were flooded by salt water which hampered
cultivation. How to start cultivation all over again?

In this context, Shri Alok Ghosh suggested that instead of knowing about the geographical
location of the devastated areas, it is more important to send relief in coordination with
“Gram Sansad”. It was also suggested to cultivate seeds like Matla, Hogla, Nonarekha,
Nonashal which grow up in fields inundated by saline water. He emphasized on human
development and improvement in lifestyle of people. He emphasized the need for State
level authorities on Disaster management in the model adopted at the national level.

Shri Jatin Mandar discussed about trafficking in Patharpatima and Sandeshkhali 1 and 2
blocks. He informed that Patharpratima has attracted global attention due to highest
suicide rate. He suggested building children friendly space for children which would reduce
vulnerability of children and their mothers and this may help in reduction in trafficking.
Mid-day meal is started after 4-6 months of Aila. Hence government machinery should be
activated.
 SAMBIT - 35

Since the agricultural fields have been inundated by saline water, some farmers have
shifted to shrimp farming and fishery from paddy or vegetable cultivation. Limited training
is sometimes acting as handicap. Hence training is essential.

Shri Tanaji Sen from Red-R India said that information, coordination and sense of
responsibility is required for any work to be done. Along with success, failure should not be
ignored. Any political and social issues should not hamper our work, keeping them in mind
we should move forward. Rehabilitation is not only reconstruction of houses and building
but taking care of the injured and depressed people and giving them hope to survive.
The chairperson raised some important points during the discussion:

He said that disaster management should be on long term basis. This will spread more
awareness and people will learn faster.

He also said that in the post-disaster period, special care should also be taken for birds,
animals, tree planting.

RECOMMENDATIONS
 At the time of assessment of damage and recovery, needs of the marginalized people should be taken
care of
 Alternative arrangements for livelihood development should be ensured during and after emergency
 Safety aspects for humans and nature must be considered
 Steps must be taken to desalinate soil and initiate steps to start cultivation
 Dissemination of information for early warning has to be made acceptable to people. Coordination has
to be brought about among Government, NGO and Panchayat bodies
 Relief and Rescue is part of basic human rights and this should be done on emergency basis, and both
the work should be implemented fast on emergency basis
 In the post-disaster period all the relevant departments should respond on emergency basis
 Localised and time-bound warning system should be introduced
 Embankment should be constructed as per quality specifications and in time-bound manner
 Steps must be taken at Block and Gram Panchayat level for storage of relief materials for speedy
distribution
 SAMBIT - 36

Theme: Policies and challenges in Disaster Risk Reduction

Day: 24 April, 2010, Venue: Teesta Auditorium, Session : Morning

The theme of session at Teesta Hall of the third day’s programme of “Sambit”-1ST State
Disaster Risk Reduction Congress, West Bengal was
‘Policies and challenges in Disaster Risk Reduction’.
The session on Disaster Risk Reduction was chaired
by Shri Debabrata Pal (IAS), Joint Secretary of Disaster
Management Department, Government of West Bengal
and the members of the expert panel were Shri G.
Padmanabhan of UNDP, Shri Rabindranath from
Assam and Prof. Ishita Mukherjee of Calcutta
University.

The chairperson observed that due to indiscriminate

construction of buildings in urban areas, loss of lives has increased during earthquake. He
advocated integration of BIS codes and building byelaws and stressed upon upgradation of
the BIS codes. He also said that obstruction like barrage is constructed every year in the
rivers at an interval of every 1 km in the different blocks. But by not breaching this local
barrage at the end of the year, it leads to the occurrence of the unprecedented floods. This
problem also needs to be changed. Since poor people have a tendency to construct houses
in low land, they face sufferings most in the time crisis. Government projects like Indira
Aawas Yojana (IAY) may be utilized for reducing their distress.

The next speaker, Shri Padmanabhan highlighted the joint initiative between state
government and UNDP. He emphasized on knowledge sharing and early warning system.
He also said that civil society must take collective ownership for DRR.

Prof. Mukherjee emphasized on gender disparity in the disaster context. She said both men
and women should be given equal chance in the disaster related activities. Special attention
must be given to areas where backwardness among women is more acute. A few issues
came up for discussion.
 What form of disaster is related to climate change
 Problems in formulating policy and implementation
 How to generate awareness among most vulnerable people
 How to use policies prepared by IAG

The chairperson mentioned that people have benefited by UNDP funded Disaster Risk
Management Programme. This needs to be triggered towards more activity in the entire
State. He pointed out that State Disaster Management Authority should have representative
from Panchayat Department.
 SAMBIT - 37

Shri Rabindranath highlighted the policy aspects of Disaster Management and main
features of Disaster Management Act 2005. He advocated for wide dissemination of
knowledge and technological upgradation.

RECOMMENDATIONS
 Process of DRR is actually development process. This must be reflected in development
plan.
 The resources for DRR have to be strengthened.
 Coordinated effort by Government, NGO, Corporate Houses, Education Institutions,
Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI) and CBOs to ensure effective DRR.
 Protection during disaster is a fundamental right-this must be recognized in legal and
institutional arrangement.
 Dissemination of early warning information up to Gram Panchayat level.
 The BIS code must be maintained in the construction of the houses under the Indira
Aawas Yojana (IAY).
 SAMBIT - 38

Theme: Education and Child Protection in Emergencies

Day 24 April, 2010, Venue: Ichamati Auditorium, Session: Morning

The theme of session at venue - Ichamati of the third day’s programme of “Sambit”-1ST
State Disaster Risk Reduction Congress, West Bengal was ‘Education and Child Protection
in Emergencies’. The Chairperson of the session was
Shri Ray Kancharla of Save the Children. The
panellists were Sri Umapada Chatterjee, Additional
State Project Director, Sarva Siksha Abhiyan Smt.
Paramita Neogi, Child Protection Officer, UNICEF, Smt.
Sheril Francis, St. Xavier’s College.

Chairperson mentioned that children constitute 40%

of population in the country. Yet, the Disaster
Management Act does not have any special section on
children. He invited two NGO workers on stage to
share their experiences. Both of them mentioned about creation of child friendly space in
their project areas, increase vigilance for prevention of trafficking and counseling of the
children. He made a presentation which dealt with creation of child friendly space and
explained the STOP model ( S- Space & Structure, T– Trust, Time, Talking, O- Opportunity
to play and P -Partnership with Parents). He hoped management of emergency situation
will be easier with:
 Child protection at local level
 Family education
 Institutional strengthening
 Localized care
 State policy
 Preparation of protocol guideline

In this context one panelist mentioned about gender disparity and HIV-AIDS, participation
at GP level and inclusion of DRR in school curriculum.

Since children are most vulnerable any policy should be prepared with ‘CCW” ( Child
Cannot Wait) in mind.

The issues that were raised in the interactive session were:

Inclusion of child protection in the Act, Condition of children during man-made disaster
situations (terrorist attack), and Preparation of State level Resource Team.

Shri Chatterjee said this been included in syllabus and how to expand the scope is explored.
As a ground work for formulation of Disaster Management Team, mock drill has been
organized. Other aspects were (a)sensitize government employees on restriction of use of
 SAMBIT - 39

child labour (b) improvement of government Homes. (c) Preparation prior to disaster is
necessary, this eases management of disaster.

Smt. P.Neogi said

 Trafficking increased after cyclone Aila.
 Quality and Distribution of Resources is important.
 Protection of a vulnerable child is a human
responsibility-not the work of government alone.
 Specialist training is essential.
 The whole issue needs to be viewed with empathy.

Shri Gomes from St. Xavier’s College, Kolkata and Smt.

Sheryl Francis informed the steps they have taken in
colleges to orient the students on safety.

In this case students are asked to form a Disaster Management Committee and asked to
draw Resource and Vulnerability Map. Orientation is given on early warning, fire fighting,
first aid, formulation of rescue team etc. In the St. Xavier’s College

RECOMMENDATIONS
 Giving importance on Child Protection in the acts relating to Disaster Management.
 Give due importance to right to child protection and respect the opinions of the children
at the village level while developing disaster management plan.
 Awareness to be increased on child labour and the practice of child labour must be
stopped.
 Identify disaster related risks for children.
 Disaster Management should be included in school syllabus.
 SAMBIT - 40

Theme: Rights based issues in Response and Preparedness

Day 24 April, 2010 , Venue: Ichhamati Auditorium, Session: Morning

The theme of session at Ichhamati venue of the third day’s programme of “Sambit”-1ST
State DRR Congress, West Bengal was ‘Rights based
issues in Response Preparedness’. The Chairperson of
this session was Shri Chittaranjan Mandal from Action
Aid India. Shri Somen Das, Disaster Management
Officer, Sri Vikas Gora from Sphere India and Smt.
Sabrina Edwards were on the panel of experts.

The chairperson said that the rights of the “most

affected” by disaster, marginalized and backward
people should be protected and honoured and people
must be made aware of their rights.

To receive relief during disaster is a basic right of an individual. Receiving good quality
relief with appropriate amount forms integral part of the right. Despite this, violation of
human rights occurs mostly at the time of disaster. Other fundamental rights include food,
nutrition, shelter, drinking water and sanitation.

The issues that emerged in the Interactive Session were:

 Indicators to assess quantity and quality of the relief material.

 Role of state to ensure rights of the citizens
 The manner in which the rights of the people are ensured during disaster.

According to Shri S. Das, although right to life and freedom is recognised in the constitution
and right to family life and livelihood also forms part of human right, these rights are
violated during disaster. Since relief camps operate at levels beyond optimum capacity,
some are denied of the right to food, nutrition, drinking water and sanitation. Since relief
camps are organized in the schools the education is hampered.

Shri Vikas Gora informed that two aspects become crucial in the Disaster Situations:

 Helplessness of the people affected by Disaster

 Substantial number of women and children among the people affected by Disaster
 Relief materials should never be considered as alms - it is a fundamental right
 No compromise on quality of life for disaster affected people.
 Special measures for old people and children
 Adequate attention to environmental protection, especially about pollution from plastic
packets.
 Special arrangements to take expecting mothers to hospital.
 SAMBIT - 41

 Special attention for prevention of trafficking of

girl child.
 Coordinated efforts of all agencies.
 Strict monitoring of quality and quantity- no one
should be deprived.

Smt. Sabrina highlighted the following issues in the

Interactive session:

 Women are affected more during disaster because

they mostly stay within homes.
 Most women are unaware of sources of relief.
 The relief distribution system is not transparent.
 Women become subject to sexual harassment.
 Sanitary Napkins should be available with adolescent girls and women.
 The place where a woman sleeps at night should be adequately protected.
 If a man leaves home for work, the security of the woman is affected. Sometimes women
leave SHGs after disaster.
 Sometimes men, out of despair become addicted to alcohol, and they inflict mental and
physical abuse on women.

RECOMMENDATIONS
 Maintain quality of the relief materials
 Relief to be distributed as per valid demand and should not be dictated by supply.
 The rights of children, women and specially-abled persons should be protected.
 Adequate steps to be taken to prevent trafficking during disaster.
 Men and women should take equal part in preparation of Disaster Risk Reduction.
 Quality of the Relief materials to be determined on the basis of standard of living and local
custom.
 SAMBIT - 42

CLOSING CEREMONY

Shri Puthumai Nazarene, Coordinator, State IAG

thanked all participants from various organisations,
particularly those who have worked tirelessly to make
the Congress a success. He introduced the persons
who will speak in the closing ceremony: Joint
Secretary, Shri Debabrata Pal, UNDP representative
Shri G. Padmanabhan, Vice-chairman of Sphere India:
Shri Ray Kancharla, and Officer from the Department
of Disaster Management: Shri. Himadri Maitra. The
closing speech was scheduled to be delivered by the
member of the organising committee, Shri Subhasish
Debnath.

Joint Secretary Shri Debabrata Pal, mentioned that

IAG began its operation in selected areas of south 24
Paraganas and Nadia in 2000. However the potential
of state wide intervention on CBDP could not be
realized on the basis of these activities. The operation
of state IAG speeded up after involvement of the state
government. As an impact of this collaboration first
state IAG conference being organised utilizing
Government infrastructure. The Disaster
Management Department has introduced DRR
activities in some districts and Municipalities. I hope
this conference will explore diverse possibilities which will be beneficial to people at large.

Shri G. Padmanabhan from UNDP complimented the

West Bengal Government and State IAG for
successfully organising first such Congress in India. He
elucidated concepts on DRR in a lucid manner. He also
mentioned the policies on DRR and inclusion of DRR
in 11th Five-year plan. He pointed out some obstacles
to DRR initiatives and these are lack of awareness,
improper implementation. He mentioned DRR is not
only a responsibility of government. This is a
responsibility of all those who are associated with
some development work. In conclusion, he informed
that UNDP will be happy to collaborate with the Government of West Bengal and IAG as per
guidelines of NDMA and Union Home Ministry.
 SAMBIT - 43

Shri Ray Kancharala, the Vice-Chairperson of Sphere India, complimented the Joint
Secretary of the Department of Disaster Management for organising such a historic
Congress. He hailed this initiative as commendable
and mentioned West Bengal is truly a pioneer in this
aspect. This Congress provided opportunity for
interaction among various groups of people including
grassroots level functionaries, professionals,
government officials, members of civil society and
many others. He particularly mentioned the
discussion on child education and child protection at
the time of disaster. He hoped this Congress will not
only show new ways for implementation of the Hugo
Framework, but would also facilitate child protection
in vulnerable areas and empowerment of people in the rural areas. He thanked all partners
responsible for organising this Congress.

Shri Himadri Maitra, summarised the recommendations that emerged during three-day
consultation.
 To increase awareness on DRR among people in
and through the mass media.
 To make arrangements for research in the
Disaster Management department, establish
contacts with Research Organisations and
implementing findings of the research.
 To link indicators of DRR with Human
Development Index.
 To conduct state wide campaign for keeping
Family Survival Kit ready.
 To fix targets for infrastructural upgradation for
management of problems associated with Disaster and Climate change.
 Relief to be distributed as per valid demand and should not be dictated by supply
 To prepare a comprehensive perspective plan in consultation with environmentalists,
development experts and DM department.
 To have representative of Panchayat and Rural Development Department in State
Disaster Management Authority.
 The schools have to be made earthquake resistant. School safety work plan has to be
adopted at the state level.
 Economic loss of marginalised people has to be taken into account to assess damage
and loss for recovery, reconstruction and rehabilitation.
 Information on early warning has to made accessible to people. Coordination has to be
brought about among government, Non government organizations, PRI and Disaster
Management Teams in this regard.
 SAMBIT - 44

 That DRR initiative as development activities has to be reflected in the development

plans.
 To give due importance to child protection in disaster management act and planning.

Shri Subhasish Debnath, on behalf of the organising committee of the Congress expressed
heart-felt gratitude to the Ministers of Finance,
Panchayat and Rural Development and Disaster
Management, Government of West Bengal. He
thanked the members of NDMA and representatives
of the NDRF and about 700 delegates of the Congress.
He also expressed thanks to the community
members, Panchayat representatives, Government
officials, UN representatives, delegates from the
NGO/INGO, educationists, students and members of
the organising committee. He said that the biggest
gain of this conference is active participations by all
those present. In this connection he thanked the Officers of the DM department and Shri.
D.Pal, Joint Secretary in particular. He conveyed that a joint initiative by government and
civil society is making the DRR initiatives stronger and vibrant.
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