S T R E N G T H C A L C U L A T I O N S ON CHEMICAL A N D P E T R O C H E M I C A L P L A N T EQUIPMENT

CALCULATION OF SUPPORTING RINGS FOR

HORIZONTAL VESSELS REINFORCED BY

GROUPS OF RODS

E.N. Lessig and L.V. Yankovskaya UDC 66.023-426.311.539.4

H o r i z o n t a l u n d e r g r o u n d s t o r a g e tanks a r e t w o - s u p p o r t c l o s e d c y l i n d r i c a l s h e l l s of c i r c u l a r c r o s s -
s e c t i o n . They r e s t on s p e c i a l s e a t i n g s with a subtended angle in the r a n g e of 60 to 120 ~ A subtended an-
gle of 120 ~ is u s u a l l y u s e d in s t e e l v e s s e l s of p e t r o l e u m r e f i n e r y p l a n t and of 90 ~ in s t e e l v e s s e l s of c h e m -
teal p l a n t and p e t r o l e u m s t o r a g e t a n k s . A subtended angle of 60 ~ is r e c o m m e n d e d for a l u m i n u m and t i t a n -
turn v e s s e l s .
The s u p p o r t i n g r i n g s of h o r i z o n t a l v e s s e l s a r e u s u a l l y r e i n f o r c e d with a t r i a n g l e of r o d s . C a l c u l a t i o n
of a f r a m e of this c o n s t r u c t i o n is given in the w o r k s [1, 2]. The p r e s e n t a r t i c l e c o n s i d e r s the c a l c u l a t i o n of
a s u p p o r t i n g r i n g with r h o m b o i d a l r e i n f o r c e m e n t (Fig. 1).
This s t r u c t u r e is c o n v e n i e n t l y c a l c u l a t e d b y the f o r c e s method taking as the b a s i c s y s t e m a r i n g cut
at the top and with two i r r e l e v a n t unknowns: the bending m o m e n t X 1 and the longitudinal f o r c e X 2 (Fig. 1, a).
In the r h o m b o l d a l l y r e i n f o r c e d s u p p o r t i n g ring, b e c a u s e of s y m m e t r y of c o n s t r u c t i o n and load r e l a t i v e to
the v e r t i c a l axis, t h e r e is no t r a n s v e r s e f o r c e in the u p p e r half of the r i n g . T h e r e f o r e , in c a l c u l a t i n g the
r h o m b o i d - r e i n f o r c e d r i n g t h e r e is a t h i r d s u p e r f l u o u s unknown X 3 (the f o r c e in the u p p e r Moping rod) and
a fourth X 4 (the f o r c e in the lower sloping rod).
In c a l c u l a t i n g the s u p p o r t i n g r i n g s t r u c t u r e the e x t e r n a l loads a r e the s h e a r f o r c e s T which a r e t r a n s -
m i t r e d to the r i n g by the s h e l l of the s t o r a g e tank which is f i l l e d with liquid, and the r e a c t i o n p r e s s u r e of the
s e a t i n g (Fig:. 1,b). The s h e a r f o r c e due to h y d r o s t a t i c p r e s s u r e can be d e t e r m i n e d by the f o r m u l a

T=O.glrlsinO,
w h e r e ,/ is the s p e c i f i c grmrity of the liquid, r is the r a d i u s of the s t o r a g e tank, l is the d e s i g n length of the
v e s s e l , equal to the quotient obtained by dividing the g e o m e t r i c a l volume of the s t o r a g e tank by 7rr 2, 0
is the i n s t a n t a n e o u s a n g u l a r c o o r d i n a t e (Fig. 1,b) and the r e a c t i o n p r e s s u r e of the s e a t i n g [3-5] given by the
formula
~r/
cos (~-- ~),
q- 2a ..l_sln 2a

w h e r e c~ is half the subtended angle of the s e a t i n g , q)

is the c o r r e s p o n d i n g a n g u l a r c o o r d i n a t e (Fig. 1,b).
The f o r m u l a for c a l c u l a t i n g the r e a c t i v e p r e s -
s u r e was d e r i v e d by A. F e l ' m t [3] on the a s s u m p t i o n
that the s u p p o r t i n g r i n g is not d e f o r m e d and that the
bedding f a c t o r of the b e a r i n g m a t e r i a l is constant for
any value of subtended angle 2~ and a n g u l a r c o e f f i -
c i e n t ~0.
The p r o b l e m of d e t e r m i n i n g the unknown f o r c e s
a will be s o l v e d in g e n e r a l f o r m . The bending m o m e n t
b due to the s h e a r f o r c e s T in the s e c t i o n of the r i n g
F i g . 1. The p r i n c i p a l s y s t e m adopted for e a l - c o r r e s p o n d i n g to the a n g u l a r c o o r d i n a t e 0 (in the range
culation of s u p p o r t i n g r i n g s t r u c t u r e s and load f r o m z e r o to ~) is
acting on ring: a) m a i n s y s t e m ; b) l o a d s .
Mr = 0.5 ~[r 3 (I -- cos 0 -- 0.50 sin 0).

T r a n s l a t e d f r o m K h i m i c h e s k o e t Neffyanoe Ma.shinostroenie, NOo 7, p p . 3 - 5 , July, 1968.

539
 The b e n d i n g m o m e n t due to the r e a c t i v e p r e s s u r e q of
TI r3 ~\ [
the s e a t i n g in the s e c t i o n of the r i n g d e t e r m i n e d b y the a n g u l a r
c o o r d i n a t e 0 (in the r a n g e f r o m ~r-~ to ~) m a y be d e t e r m i n e d
-v f f r o m the f o r m u l a
"\ f 0 ,5 =? lr a
kfq --- - 2= + sln 2,, [(0 - - ~ + ~ + 0 . 5 sln 2~) stn 0 + slw"~ cos 01.
~ k ,.J
The b e n d i n g m o m e n t in the r i n g f r o m the f i r s t s u p e r -
\\\\
f l u o u s unknown (in the r a n g e f r o m z e r o to ~r) is of the f o r m
M i = X~.
~6
\
The b e n d i n g m o m e n t due to the s e c o n d s u p e r f l u o u s u n -
M known (in the r a n g e f r o m z e r o to ~r) is

1,8 M2 = X, (I - - cos O)r.

t,z The b e n d i n g m o m e n t due to the t h i r d s u p e r f l u o u s unknown
(in the r a n g e f r o m z e r o to or/2) c a n b e d e t e r m i n e d f r o m the f o r -
mula
g
Ma = ~3 ] / ~ ( s l n 0 --0,Ssln0)
~ -~- r.
1
-t,2
The b e n d i n g m o m e n t due to the f o u r t h s u p e r f l u o u s u n -
b known (in the r a n g e f r o m 7r/2 to ~r) c a n be w r i t t e n in the f o r m
F i g . 2. D i a g r a m s of (a,) b e n d i n g m o m e n t s
and (b) l o n g i t u d i n a l f o r c e s in a r i n g r e -
i n f o r c e d w i t h a, r h o m b o i d , with s e a t i n g
s u p p o r t : 1) a = 0~ 2) a = 30~ 3) a = 45~ A f t e r i n t e g r a t i n g the c o r r e s p o n d i n g m o m e n t d i a g r a m s
4) a = 60 ~ o v e r the c u r v f l i n e a r c o n t o u r the e x p r e s s i o n f o r the c o e f f i c i e n t s
of the c a n o n i c a l e q u a t i o n s (with unit f l e x u r a l s t i f f n e s s of r i n g )
is in the f o r m

~n -----2= r; tl 2 -----2= r~; ~2~= 3= r~; tla = ~ (= - 4) f ;

,2~ =--~--~ (3~-lO)r~; ~j3(~-3)r3; ~ i , = - ~ - ( ~ - 4 ) r ' ;

~2~ = --~ (~ - 6) r~; ~3, = o; ~. = (= - 3) r",

and the g e n e r a l e x p r e s s i o n s f o r l o a d t e r m s of the c a n o n i c a l e q u a t i o n s in the f o r m

(2a Jr- sin 2a -- 2 sin ~)

7 lr~;
2~ %-sin 2z
= (l la--~- 5 sln 2 a - - 8 sin a -~ a cos 2a)
7 lrS;
4 (2a -~-sin 2a)

~ap = 6--~ (n~ -~ 26~ ~ 92) 7 lt'~;

A4p:
V'7{ 4,,
3=~--2= - 3 6 + 2a-J-sin2a [3~-8~--2~ 2

-- (2a -1- 3) cos 2a %-(5 -- 2a) sin 2a - - 16 sin all 7 tr 5.

)

R e s o l v i n g the i n d e t e r m i n a . n c y when ~ = 0 b y L ' H 6 p i t a l ' s r u l e we h a v e

1 7
Alp = -~- ~'~ h'~; A~p == " ~ ~'~ lrS;

U7
Ajp = ~ - - (~:2_~_.26r. -- 92) 7 lr~; l~p = ~
V'7 (3n~ -- 2r=--76) 7:lr%

540