What is rickets?

Rickets is a skeletal disorder that’s caused by a lack of vit.D, calcium or phosphate. These
nutrients are important for the development of strong, healthy bones. People with rickets may
have weak and soft bones stunted growth and in severe cases, skeletal deformities.

Vit.D helps your body absorb calcium and phosphate from your intsestines. You can get Mit.D
from various food Products. Including milk, eggs and fish. Our body also produce the vit.D when
we are exposed the sunlight.

A Vit.D deficiency makes it difficult for your body to maintain sufficient levels of calcium and
phosphate. When this occurs, our body produces hormones that cause calcium and phosphate to
be released from our bones. When our bones lack these minerals, they become weak and soft.

Symptoms of Rickets:-
 Pain or Tenderness in the bones of the arms, legs, pelvis or spine.
 Stunted growth and short stature bone fractures.
 Muscle cramps.
 Teeth deformities, such as:
 Delayed Tooth formation.
 Holes in the enamel.
 Abscesses.
 Defects in the tooth structure.
 An increased number of cavities
 Skeletal deformities, including:-
 An oddly shaped skull.
 Bowlegs or legs that bow out.
 Bumbs in the ribacage.
 A protruding breastlane.
 A curved spine.
 Pelvic deformities.

Diagnosed Rickets:-
Our doctor may also order certain tests to help make a rickets diagnosis, including.

 Blood tests to measure the level of calcium and phosphate in the blood.
 Bone X-Rays to check for bone deformities in rare cases, a bone biopsy will be
performed.
Treatment-
Treatment for rickets focuses on replacing the missing vitamin or mineral in the body. This will
eliminate most of the symptoms associated with rickets. If our child has Vit.D deficiency our
doctor will likely want them to increase their exposure to sunlight, if possible. They will also
encourage them to consume the food products high in vit.D, such as fish, liver, milk and eggs.
Calcium and phosphate can also be used to treat rickets.

2- Scurvy
Scurvy is better known as vit.C deficiency.

Vit.C or ascorbic acid is an essential dietary nutrient. It plays a roles in the development and
functions of several body structures and processor including.

 The proper formation of collagen.

 Cholesterol and protein metabolism.
 Iron absorption.
 Antioxidant action.
 Wound healing.

Symptoms:-
It takes three months or more for symptoms of scurvy include.

 Weakness
 Unexplained exhaustion.
 Reduced appetite
 Irritability.
 Aching legs.
 Low-grade-fever.

Symptoms after one to three months.

 Anemia:-
When the blood lacks enough red blood cells or hemoglobin.
 Skin hemorrhages. Or bleeding.
Under the skin.
 Tooth decay.
 Tender, swollen joints.
 Shortness of breath.
 Chest pain.
 Eye dryness, irritation and hemorrhaging in the whites of the eyes or optu nerve.
  Reduced wound healing and immune health.
 Light sensitivity.
 Blurred vision.
 Mood swings often irritability and depression.
 Gastrointestinal bleeding.
 Headache.

Severe Complications.
Symptoms and complications associated with long-term, untreated survey include.

 Sever jaundice, which is yellowing of the skin and eyes.

 Generalized pain, tenderness and swelling.
 Hemolysis, a type of anemia, where red blood cells break down.
 Fever.
 Tooth loss.
 Convulsions.
 Organ failure.
 Coma.
 Death.

Risk factors for survey in infants include.

 Malnourished mother.
 Being fed evaporated or boiled mille.
 Difficulty nursing.
 Restrictive or special dietary needs.
 Digestive or absorptive disorders.

Treatment:-
Though the symptoms can be severe, survey is fairly simple to treat.

Vit.C is naturally found in many fruits and vegetables. It also often added to juice. Cereals and
food.
 Daily Recommendation of Vit. C
Daily vit.C recommendation depend or age, gender and other health conditions.

Age Male Female During During Lactation

Pregnancy
0-6 month 40mg 40mg
7-12 month 50mg 50mg
1-3 years 15mg 15mg
4-8 years 25mg 25mg
9-13 years 45mg 45mg
14-18 years 75mg 65mg 80mg 115mg
19+years 90mg 75mg 85mg 120mg

People who smoke or have digestive conditions typically require at least 35mg a day more than
non-smoker.

Source of Vit. C
Citrus fruits like oranges, limes and lemons have traditionally been used to prevent and treat
scurvy. Several other fruits and vegetables contain higher doses of vit.C than citrus fruits. Many
prepared food, like juices and cereals, also contain added Vit.C

Food with high levels of Vit.C include

 Sweet peppers.
 Guavas and papayas
 Dark, leafy green, spinach.
 Broccoli
 Berries.
 Pineapple and mango.
 Tomato especially tomato pastes or juices.
 Green peas
 Potato’s
 Cauliflower.
Kwashiorkor
A form of malnutrition caused by protein deficiency in the diet, typically affecting young
children in the tropic.

Cause of Kwashiorkor:-
It is caused by the lack of protein in the diet. Every cell in our body contains protein. We need
protein in our diet for our body to repair cells and make new cells. A healthy human body
regenerates cells in this way constantly. Protein is also especially important for growth during
childhood and pregnancy. It the body lacks protein, growth and normal body functions will begin
to shut down and kwashiorkor may develop.

Symptoms:
The symptoms of kwashiorkor include.

 Change in skin and hair colour and texture.

 Fatigue.
 Diarrhea.
 Loss of muscle mass.
 Failure to grow or gain weight
 Edema (swellings of the ankles, feet belly.
 Damaged immune system.
 Shock.

Treatment.
It can be corrected by eating more protein and more calories overall, especially if treatment is
stated early.

You may first be given more calories in the form of carbohydrates, sugars and fats. Once these
calories provide energy, you will be given food with proteins.

Source of Protein:
Protein can be found in foods like.

 Seafood
 Eggs
 Beans
 Peas
 Nuts
 seeds