III SEMESTER

SOFTWARE TESTING

Basics of Software Testing

Human Errors and Testing; Software Quality; Requirements, Behavior and Correctness;
Correctness versus Reliability; Testing and Debugging; Test Metrics. Software and
Hardware Testing; Testing and Verification; Defect Management; Execution History;
Test-generation Strategies, Static Testing. Model-Based Testing and Model Checking;
Control-Flow Graph; Types of Testing; The Saturation Effect.

Test Generation from Requirements Introduction; The Test-Selection Problem;

Equivalence Partitioning; Boundary Value Analysis; Category-Partition Method. Cause-
Effect Graphing, Test Generation from Predicates.

Structural
Testing
Overview; Statement testing; Branch testing; Condition testing, Path testing;
Procedure call testing; Comparing structural testing criteria; The infeasibility problem.

Dependence, Data Flow Models, and Data Flow Testing Definition-Use pairs; Data
flow analysis; Classic analyses; From execution to conservative flow analysis; Data flow
analysis with arrays and pointers; Inter-procedural analysis; Overview of data flow
testing; Definition-Use associations; Data flow testing criteria; Data flow coverage with
complex structures; The infeasibility problem.

Test Case Selection and Adequacy, Test Execution Overview; Test specification and
cases; Adequacy criteria; Comparing criteria; Overview of test execution; From test case
specification to test cases; Scaffolding; Generic versus specific scaffolding; Test
oracles; Self-checks as oracles; Capture and replay.

Process Test and analysis activities within a software process: The quality process;
Planning and monitoring; Quality goals; Dependability properties; Analysis; Testing;
Improving the process; Organizational factors. Integration and component-based
software testing: Overview; Integration testing strategies; Testing components and
assemblies. System, Acceptance and Regression Testing: Overview; System testing;
Acceptance testing; Usability; Regression testing; Regression test selection techniques;
Test case prioritization and selective execution.

TEXT BOOKS: 1.Aditya P Mathur: “Foundations of Software Testing”, Pearson

Education, 2008. Mauro Pezze, Michal Young: “Software Testing and Analysis –
Process, Principles and Techniques”, John Wiley & Sons, 2008.

REFERENCE BOOKS: Srinivasan Desikan, Gopalaswamy Ramesh: “Software

testing Principles and Practices”, 2nd Edition, Pearson, 2007. Ron Patton:
 “Software Testing, 2nd edition, Pearson”, 2004.Brian Marrick: “The Craft of
Software Testing”, Pearson, 1995.

MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS

Introduction, Media and Data Streams, Audio Technology

Multimedia Elements; Multimedia Applications; Multimedia Systems Architecture;

Evolving Technologies for Multimedia Systems; Defining Objects for Multimedia
Systems; Multimedia Data Interface Standards; The need for Data Compression;
Multimedia Databases. Media : Perception Media, Representation Media, Presentation
Media, Storage Media, Transmission Media, Information Exchange Media, Presentation
Spaces & Values, and Presentation Dimensions; Key Properties of a Multimedia System :
Discrete & Continuous Media, Independence Media, Computer Controlled Systems,
Integration; Characterizing Data Streams: Asynchronous Transmission Mode,
Synchronous Transmission Mode, Isochronous Transmission Mode; Characterizing
Continuous Media Data Streams. Sound: Frequency, Amplitude, Sound Perception and
Psychoacoustics; Audio Representation on Computers; Three Dimensional Sound
Projection; Music and MIDI Standards; Speech Signals; Speech Output; Speech Input;
Speech Transmission.

Graphics and Images, Video Technology, Computer-Based Animation

Capturing Graphics and Images Computer Assisted Graphics and Image Processing;
Reconstructing Images; Graphics and Image Output Options. Basics; Television
Systems; Digitalization of Video Signals; Digital Television; Basic Concepts;
Specification of Animations; Methods of Controlling Animation; Display of Animation;
Transmission of Animation; Virtual Reality Modeling Language.

Data Compression Storage Space; Coding Requirements; Source, Entropy, and

Hybrid Coding; Basic Compression Techniques; JPEG: Image Preparation, Lossy
Sequential DCT-based Mode, Expanded Lossy DCT-based Mode, Lossless Mode,
Hierarchical Mode. H.261 (Px64) and H.263: Image Preparation, Coding Algorithms,
Data Stream, H.263+ and H.263L; MPEG: Video Encoding, Audio Coding, Data Stream,
MPEG-2, MPEG-4, MPEG-7; Fractal Compression.

Optical Storage Media History of Optical Storage; Basic Technology; Video Discs and
Other Worms; Compact Disc Digital Audio; Compact Disc Read Only Memory; CD-
ROM Extended Architecture; Further CD-ROM-Based Developments; Compact Disc
Recordable; Compact Disc Magneto-Optical; Compact Disc Read/Write; Digital
Versatile Disc.

Content Analysis Simple Vs. Complex Features; Analysis of Individual Images;

Analysis of Image Sequences; Audio Analysis; Applications.

Data and File Format Standards

Rich-Text Format; TIFF File Format; Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF); MIDI File
Format; JPEG DIB File Format for Still and Motion Images; AVI Indeo File Format;
MPEG Standards; TWAIN.

Multimedia Application Design

Multimedia Application Classes; Types of Multimedia Systems; Virtual Reality Design;
Components of Multimedia Systems; Organizing Multimedia Databases; Application
Workflow Design Issues; Distributed Application Design Issues.

TEXT BOOKS:Ralf Steinmetz, Klara Narstedt: “Multimedia Fundamentals: Vol 1-

Media Coding and Content Processing”, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education /
PHI, 2003. Prabhat K. Andleigh, Kiran Thakrar: “Multimedia Systems
Design”, PHI, 2003.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

K.R Rao, Zoran S. Bojkovic and Dragorad A. Milovanovic: “Multimedia

Communication Systems: Techniques, Standards, and Networks”, Pearson
Education, 2002.Nalin K Sharad: “Multimedia information Networking”, PHI, 2002.

DISTRIBUTED OPERATING SYSTEMS

Fundamentals

What is Distributed Computing Systems? Evolution of Distributed Computing System;

Distributed Computing System Models; What is Distributed Operating System? Issues in
Designing a Distributed Operating System; Introduction to Distributed Computing
Environment (DCE).

Message Passing

Introduction, Desirable features of a Good Message Passing System, Issues in IPC by

Message Passing, Synchronization, Buffering, Multidatagram Messages, Encoding and
Decoding of Message Data, Process Addressing, Failure Handling, Group
Communication, Case Study: 4.3 BSD UNIX IPC Mechanism.

Remote Procedure Calls

Introduction, The RPC Model, Transparency of RPC, Implementing RPC Mechanism,

Stub Generation, RPC Messages, Marshaling Arguments and Results, Server
Management, Parameter-Passing Semantics, Call Semantics, Communication Protocols
for RPCs, Complicated RPCs, Client-Server Binding, Exception Handling, Security,
Some Special Types of RPCs, RPC in Heterogeneous Environments, Lightweight RPC,
Optimization for Better Performance, Case Studies: Sun RPC.

Distributed Shared Memory

Introduction, General Architecture of DSM Systems, Design and Implementation Issues
of DSM, Granularity, Structure of Shared Memory Space, Consistency Models,
Replacement Strategy, Thrashing, Other approaches to DSM, Heterogeneous DSM,
Advantages of DSM.

Synchronization

Introduction, Clock Synchronization, Event Ordering, Mutual Exclusion, Dead Lock,

Election Algorithms.

Resource Management

Introduction, Desirable Features of a Good Global Scheduling Algorithm, Task

Assignment Approach, Load – Balancing Approach, Load – Sharing Approach.

Process Management

Introduction, Process Migration, Threads.

Distributed File Systems.

Introduction, Desirable Features of a Good Distributed File System, File models, File–
Accessing Models, File – Sharing Semantics, File – Caching Schemes, File Replication,
Fault Tolerance, Atomic Transactions, Design Principles.

TEXT BOOK:

Pradeep. K. Sinha: “Distributed Operating Systems: Concepts and Design”, PHI,

2007.

REFERENCE BOOK

Andrew S. Tanenbaum: “Distributed Operating Systems”, Pearson Education, 2002.