DS439 - EN-Code of Parctise For Domestic Sanitary Installations

Danish Standards DS 439
4th edition 2009-07-21
Code of Practice for domestic water supply installations
DA N S K ST A ND A RD S
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DS 439
Copenhagen DS project: M231064 ICS: 91.140.60
The first part of this publication's name is:
DS, which means that it is a standard developed at national level. The DS publication is in Danish.
This publication replaces: DS 439:2000, DS 439/Till.1:2004 and DS 439/Ret. 1:2005.
2009-08-20: As of the current date, a Note has been added to Table V 3.4.1 a on page 48 (da).
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DS 439:2009
Table of contents
Page
0 Preface ....... .................................................... ........... ...................................................................................... .......... 6
0.1 Entry into force ........................................................................................................................ ...................... ......... 6
0.2 Transitional provisions ...................................................................................................... ............. ........... ............ 6
0.3 Requirements of the building regulations ..................................................................... ........................................... 6
0.3.1 Common requirements for water and drainage installations .................. ............ .......... ...... .................. ......... 6
0.3.2 Water installations ....................................................................................................... ............... ....................... 7
0.3.3 Hot water ............................................... ........................................................ ..................................................... 8
0.3.4 Flooding ................................................................................................. ........... .... .... ........... ............... ........ 8
0.3.5 Materials, components and execution ............................................................ ...................................................... 8
1 Introduction ..... ................ ........................................................... ....................... .............................. 9

1.1 General .................................................... ................................... ........... .... ... .......... ............. ........................... 9
1.2 Scope ......................................................... ........ ..... ...................... .......... ....................................................... 9
1.3 References to other Danish standards .............................................. ............. ............... ..... ............................... 9
1.4 Legislation and administrative conditions..................................................... ................................. ........................ 10
1.4.1 Building legislation ............................................................. ........... ....... ....... ..................................................... 10
1.4.1.1 Building Code ............................................................. .............................. ....................................................... 10
1.4.1.2 Building regulations 2008... ..................................................... ......................... ..... ......................................... 10
1.4.1.3 Local statutes ................................................................... ................. .............. .............................................. 10
1.4.1.4 Type approvals... .................................................................... ...... ................ .... ............................................. 10
1.4.2 Construction case processing ........................ ................ ....................... ............................................................ 11
1.4.2,1 Construction work that requires building permit ..................................................... ..... .................................... 11
1.4.2.2 Construction work that must be reported ........................................... ....... ...... ............................................... 12
1.4.2.3 Construction work that can be performed without building permit or notification ................................................ 12
1.4.3 Relationship to other legislation ............................................................................................................................. 12
1.4.4 Dispensation ............................................................. ... ..... .............. ....... ....................................................... 12
1.4.5 Registration.. ........................................ .............. ............ ....... ............. ....... - .................................................. 13
1.4.6 Complaint ................................... .... ........... ........................................................................................................ 13
1.4.7 Fines ....................................................................... .... ........ ........... ............ ................................................... 13
1.4.8 Water installations - special conditions ............................... ... .................. ......................................................... 13
1.4.8.1 Connection to water supply .................................................................................... ........................................... 13
1.4.8.2 Measurement of water consumption ........................................ ........ ....... ...................................................... 13
1.4.8.3 Changes to existing water installations ............................................................... ............................................... 15
1.4.8.4 Water pipes in road ............................................................................................. ............................................... 15
1.4.8.5 Water pipes over other man's property ...................................................... ....................................................... 15
1.4.8.6 Agricultural operating buildings..... ...................................... .... ........... ............. ............................................ 16
1.4.9 Authorization ........................................... ....................................................... .................... ................................ 16
1.5 Letter symbols and units ........................................ ....... .............. ............................. ........ ................................. 16
1.6 Definitions .............................................................................. ................. ............................................................... 17
2 Dimensioning. .............................................................. .............. ................. ............................. .............................. 23
2.1 General ........................................................................................... ................. ......... ............... .......................... 23
2.2 Conditions..................................................... ........................... .................. ......... ...................... ...................... 23
2.2.1 Service...................................................... ........ ........................... ............. ................ ................ ................... 23
2.2.2 Noise .................................................................... ............................................................. .... ........................... 23
2.2.3 Water pressure .......................... ................ .............................................. ............. .................. ........................ 23
2.2.4 Water flows.. .................................................................................................... .................... ............................... 24
2.3 Dimensioning through calculations ............................................................................... ........ ................................ 25
2.3.1 Coupling pipes ......................................................................................................... .................................... ....... 25
2.3.2 Distribution pipe to a room in a residential building and similar buildings ............................................ .............. 25
2.3.3 Distribution pipes to several rooms in residential buildings and similar buildings .......................................... .... 25
2.3.4 Pressure loss calculation .............................................................................................................. ......... ............ 27
2.4 Dimensioning through simplified calculation ...................................................................... ..................... ................ 29
2.4.1 The disposable pressure loss .................................................................................................. ........................... 29
DS 439:2009
2.4.2 Connection to supply pipe ............................................................................................................ ............ ......... 30

2.4.3 Plug line................................................................................................................................................................. 30
2.4.4 Distribution pipes ................................................................................................................................................... 30
2.4.5 Coupling pipes ................................................................. ................................................................................... 31
2.5 Domestic hot water .......................................................................................................................................... 31
2.5.1 General .......................................................................................................................... 31
2.5.2 Dimensioning of hot water systems .............................................................................. 32
2.5.2.1 Hot water systems in residential buildings ........................................................................ ................. 33
3 Use of resources ................................................................................................................................... ........... 42
3.1 General ................................................................................................................................ ...... 42
3.2 Measurement of water consumption .......................................................................... ................. 42
3.2.1 Measurement in buildings .................................................. ........................................................................ 42
3.2.1.1 Consumption of cold water ........................................................................ ............................................... 42
3.2.1.2 Consumption of hot water ............................................................ ....................... 42
3.2.2 Measurement in apartments and the like ......................... .................................... .......... .. 42
3.2.2.1 Consumption of cold and hot water ......................... ....... ............................. .... 42
3.2.3 requirements for meters... ................................................................................... ............... 42
3.2.4 Dimensioning of water meter .................................... ................ ................... .................. 42
3.2.5 Placement of meters .. ........ .......................... ............................. ..... ............. ........... 43
3.3 Water-saving measures ............................................................. ......................... ........................... 44
3.3.1 Unnecessary water consumption ....... .... .......................................................................... 44
3.3.2 Water consumption for special purposes ........... ......................................... ..................... 44
3.3.2.1 Rainwater systems for use of rainwater for toilet-flushing
and washing machines ..................................................................................... ............... 45
3.3.3 Unwanted increase in temperature .............. .............. ...................................................... 45
3.3.4 Unwanted decrease in temperature. ........................ ....................... ................................. 45
3.3.5 Water spills due to leakage and repairs etc ................................ ....................................... 45
3.3.6 Preventing misuse ............ ............ ........ ..... ............. ................................................. 45
3.4 Materials and collection methods ..................... .......... ............... ....... .... .................................. 46
3.4.1 Corrosion resistance etc ...................... ............... ..... ...................................................... 46
3.4.2 Utilization of supply pressure. ........... ....... ...................... ......... ..................................... 52
3.5 Energy consumption ................. ................... ........ ........................... ........................................... 52
3.5.1 Measurement ................................. ....... ................. ........................................................ 52
3.5.2 Pressure booster system .............. ........... .............. ........ .............................................. 52
3.5.3 Hot water installations ....................................... .... ........................................................... 53
3.5.4 Hot water temperature.. ....... ..... ........... ........... ................. ........................................... 54
3.5.5 Water heaters ........... ............ ........ ................................................................................. 54
Protection against hazards, damages and inconveniences ....................... ................ ....................................... 55
4.1 General ................................ ....... ....... ...... ..... ................ ....................................................................... 55
4.2 Conditions................................ .......... .................. ................................. .... ..... ....................................... 55
4.2.1 The quality of the added water .................... .......... ............................................................ 55
4.2.2 Water quality at tapping sites ..... ............. ......... ............................................................... 55
4 4.3 Damages .................................... ....................... .... ......... ........ ............................................................ 56
4.3.1 Ruptures ...................................................... ........................ ....... ........ .......................... 56
4.3.2 Scalding ...................... ..................................... .................... .......... .............................. 57
4.4 Pollution risk ........................................................................ .................. ....................................................... 58
4.4.1 Ensuring quality of drinking water ............. ............. .......................................................... 58
4.4.2 Cleaning the installation.... ....................................... ............................................. .......... 61
4.4.3 Requirement for materials ..... ....................................... ................ ......................... ....... 61
4.4.4 Unused installations ................. ....................... ............ ..... ...................... ..................... 62
4.4.5 Penetration of harmful substances ................................. ................ .... ............................ 62
4.4.6 Aids ..................................... ...................................... ......................... ............................ 63
4.5 Protection against damages to things ............................................................... ........................... ............... 63
4.5.1 Foundation... ....... ............ .......... ........................................ .......................................... 63
4.5.2 Implementation.................................................................................................................... 63
DS 439:2009
4.5.3 Suspension units . .... ......... .............................................................................................. 63

4.5.4 Expansion etc. ................................................................ ......................... ...................... 64
4.5.5 Pressure shock .................................................................................................................. 64
4.5.6 Flooding ......................... ............. .............................................. ................. .............. 64
4.5.7 Condensation.... ................................................................................................................ 65
4.5.8 Frost damage ..... ................................................................................................. .......... 65
4.5.9 Replacement and repair etc. ......................... ................................................... ............. 65
4.5.10 Non-replaceable installations .................... .............................................................. ... 66
4.5.11 Leakage-resistance .................................................................................................. 67
DS 439:2009
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4.6 Inconveniences ........................................................................................................................................ 67

4.6.1 Protection against odors ................................................................................. ................ 67
4.6.2 Repairs and maintenance... .................................................................................... ........ 67
4.6.3 Ensuring adequate cold water temperature .................................. ....... ......... .............. 68
4.6.4 Ensuring adequate hot water temperature when tapping .............................................. 68
4.6.5 Free passage ............................ ................................................................................. 68
4.6.6 Protection against noise........................................................................... ..... ... ...... 68
4.6.7 Protection against odor, taste and discoloration ..................... ............ ............ ...... 69
5 Operation and maintenance .... ................................................................................... ............................... 70
5.1 General ............... ........................................................................................... .... ... ................ 70
5.2 Operating and maintenance instructions ....................... ................................ ... ...................... 70
5.3 Operation inspection . ................................................... .................................... ........................ 70
Annex A (informative) Determining the dimension-giving water flow qd in distribution pipes ........................ 71
Annex B (informative) Associated norms, standards, laws, provisions, circularies and
publications ........................................................................ ................. ........................................................ 73
DS 439:2009
0 Preface
The present, revised 4th edition of DS 439, Standard for water installations, has been prepared by the standardization
committee DS/S-314, Water supply.
The revision aims to bring the standard into compliance with changes of a legal and technical nature, which have been
introduced in the building regulations 2008. The revision does not include an actual update of the technical material. The
few changes that have been introduced are - apart from adaptation relating to hidden joints and water quality by tapping
sites - either consequential changes or corrections of typographical errors. The distinction between requirements and
guidelines has lapsed.
For water installations, most of the technical requirements have not previously been stated in the Building Regulations, but
have been included in DS 439, standard for water installations, which the Building Regulations refer to.
A key innovation is that part of the overall requirements in DS 439 is written directly into the Building Regulations.
Compliance with the requirements of the Building Regulations is mandatory.
All references to standards, etc., refer to the last, dated version of the mentioned publication.
0.1 Entry into force

The standard replaces DS 439, 3rd edition from June 2000; DS 439/Till. 1, 1st edition from September 2004 and DS
439/Ret. 1 from January 2005 and shall enter into force on 08-17-2009.
0.2 Transitional provisions

During a transitional period of 6 months from the entry into force of the 4th edition, this edition as well as the third edition will
be applicable. Projects, however, must be performed according to one edition.
After the transitional period is only 4.-version applicable.
0.3 Requirements of the building regulations

As of February 1st, 2008, after a revision of the building regulations, the regulations will contain the standard requirement
specified below.
0.3.1 Common requirements for water and drainage systems
1. Safety, operation and health

Water and drainage systems must be designed so that they provide satisfactory safety in terms of fire, safety, operation
and health.
2. Durability
Water and drainage systems must be made out of materials and components that are sufficiently durable against the
impacts and influences they are exposed to.
3. Density
Water and drainage systems must be so dense that accidental infiltration or leakage is avoided.
4. Placement
The placement of water and drainage systems in relation to building components, for example foundations or attachment to
building components, must be such that no damage can occur to the system or building components.
5. Materials
Components and materials must be in accordance with functional requirements.
6. Characteristics of factory-made products

Factory-made products included in or connected to water systems, must, in terms of the characteristics that impact the
quality of drinking water, see Ministry of the Environment’s Executive Order on water quality and monitoring of water supply
systems, be approved by the Enterprise and Construction Authority by ETA Danmark A/S, unless the product is exempted
according to the then-current provisions regarding the approval scheme.
DS 439:2009
7. Mechanical/Physical characteristics of factory-made products

Factory-made products included in or connected to water or drainage systems, must, in terms of the mechanical/physical
characteristics, either:
- Bear the CE-mark that shows that the products are consistent with a harmonized standard or covered by a
European technical approval with the relevant requirements for Denmark
- Or have undergone a production inspection and test, called certification system 3, which corresponds to the
scheme for certification ii) variant 2 of Annex III of the Housing Ministry’s Executive Order No. 118 of February
16th, 1998, regarding entry into force of the EC-Directive on the mutual approximation of the laws and regulations
of the member states regarding construction products, with the changes imposed by the EC-Directive relating to
the amendment of, among others, the EC-Directive on construction products.
8. Rainwater systems
Rainwater systems, where rainwater from roofs is used for toilets and washing machines in homes and similar residential
buildings, must be designed in accordance with the Ministry of the Environment’s Executive Order on water quality and
monitoring of water supply systems § 4, paragraph 1 and 2
9. Harmful pressure and pressure-shocks

Water and drainage systems must be designed so that there is no risk of explosions and harmful pressure and pressure-
shock.
10. Cleaning options

Water and drainage systems must be designed so that they can be cleaned as necessary. Cleaning paths and components
that require maintenance, must be easily accessible.
11.Maintenance
Water and drainage systems must be maintained as necessary, so that they are kept in a safe technical and hygienic
condition.
12. Operating and maintenance instructions

Operating and maintenance instructions shall be available for use. The instructions must include a set of main drawings
with information about the location of all components that require maintenance and
inspection. Maintenance and inspection must be described.
0.3.2 Water systems - General

13. Supply safety
Water supply systems must be dimensioned and installed in order to achieve a satisfactory water supply at each
tapping site, taking into account the supply conditions and the use of the system and the building.
14. Water quality

At all tapping sites, in terms of physical, chemical and bacteriological considerations, cold water must meet the
requirements set out in the Ministry of the Environment’s Executive Order on water quality and monitoring of water supply
systems. There must be a suitable cold water temperature without inconvenient waiting time. The Executive Order does
not apply to systems covered by BR08, Chapter 8.4 (rainwater systems) and it does not apply to special systems for water
for industrial use.
15. Backflow
To protect the water supply system against pollution that flows back into the drinking water installation, a
backflow-safeguard must be installed on the distribution pipe after the soil pipe’s insertion into the property and before
branching to another pipe.
16. Processed water

Water systems must be designed so that processed water and water that is tapped at a tapping site, can not flow back into
the drinking water installation.
17. Harmful substances

Where systems for drinking water can come into contact with harmful substances, the systems must be designed in such a
way that they are protected against intrusion of such substances in the drinking water installation through corrosion or
diffusion, so that no health hazard can occur.
DS 439:2009
18. Water wastage

Water systems must be designed so that unnecessary water consumption, including water wastage, is avoided.
19. Overflows
Water systems must be designed so that inconvenient overflow from hot water to cold water systems can not occur.
20. Measuring use

Water systems must be designed so that the use of hot and cold water can be measured.
21. Water for industrial use

Water systems for industrial use and systems that for other reasons result in the requirements for the quality of drinking
water not being met, must be marked in such a way that incorrect use can be avoided.
0.3.3 Hot water
22. Bacterial growth

Water systems must be designed so they can function with minimal risk of bacterial growth.
23. Hot water amount

Systems for the production of hot water for domestic use, must, while taking into account the number and use of the hot
water tapping sites, provide an adequate water quantity and water flow with a temperature that suits the purpose. An
adequate hot water temperature must be present without inconvenient waiting time.
24. Scalding
Water systems must be designed, so that during the tapping of water there is no risk of scalding, and so that no surface
temperatures occur that can cause injuries to persons.
0.3.4 Flooding
25. Leaks
Water systems must be designed so that there are adequate safeguards against spillage or leakage of water that can
cause damage to buildings. It must be possible to identify leaks.
26. Placement of tapping sites

Tapping sites must only be installed where there is a complete drainage system with sufficient capacity, or where the water
in some other way can be discharged or collected through an appropriate method.
27. Accidental spillage

Devices with automatic water filling, that are set up in rooms without a floor drain, must have adequate mounted or built-in
safeguards against accidental water spillage and should be positioned so that leakage of water can be determined.
0.3.5 Materials, components and execution
28. Harmful substances

Water systems must be made out of materials that do not discharge harmful substances into the water or cause
inconvenient odors, taste, discoloration or growth of microorganisms.
29. Replaceability
Installation components that are positioned so that they are not replaceable, must be of such quality that they can last as
long as the building component, on which they are located. In the standard’s text, there is a reference to the requirements
of the building regulations, specified by: Requirement number fx/15/.
DS 439:2009
1. Introduction
1.1 General
This standard - Standard for water systems – provides a series of instructions on the proper execution of water
systems in accordance with the general requirements contained in the building regulations.
This standard describes the general, functional requirements and provides examples and instructions on how these
requirements can be met. Other execution methods that meet the functional requirements, are approved in each case by
the local authority.
Other publications that provide examples of execution of water systems include:

- SBI instruction 2W, instructions Building Regulations 2008.
- SBI instruction 165, Water systems, which provides examples of the water system’s planning, execution and
maintenance.
- Technology Institute’s Pipe centre instruction 002, resource-saving water systems.
- Pipe centre instruction 003, Use of rainwater for toilet flushing and washing machines in homes,
- New Technical Publishers, Water and drainage systems, 3rd edition 2008.
Questions of interpretation are referred to the standardization committee DS/S-314, Water supply.
1.2 Scope
This standard applies to water systems connected to public water supplies (public or private water supply
plants) and small non-public water supply systems.
The Building Regulations’ and the standard’s general functional requirements also apply to the part of the rainwater system
that includes the pipe system supplying toilets and washing machines with rainwater from the tank or other container,
Rainwater systems can be performed as described in the Pipe Centre-instruction 003, Use of rainwater for toilet flushing
and washing machines in homes.
The standard also applies to both new installations and modifications and additions to existing systems.
Repair of pipes and minor modifications when replacing single sanitation elements, fixtures, appliances, containers etc.,
can be performed with equipment and according to methods that were allowed at the time the system was installed.
Water systems include systems in buildings and in soil within the site boundary.
1.3 References to other Danish standards

This standard refers to other Danish standards, in which the rules and instructions supplement this standard’s instructions.
This applies to the following standards:
DS/EN 1997-1 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design - Part 1: General rules
DS/E N 1997-2 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design - Part 2: Ground investigation and testing
DS 421 Code of Practice for flexible, water-tight joints for pipe-lines of concrete, etc.
DS 430 Code of Practice for the laying of underground flexible pipelines of plastics
DS 436 Code of Practice for the groundwater drainage of structures
DS 437 Code of Practice for the laying underground rigid pipelines of concrete, etc.
DS 455 Code of Practice for impenetrability of underground sewer systems
DS 475 Code of Practice for trenching for underground pipes and cables
DS 1717 Protection against pollution of potable water in water installations and general requirements of
devices to prevent pollution by backflow
DS 439:2009
1.4 Legislation and administrative conditions

Execution of systems for water to and from buildings within the site boundary is construction work according to the Building
legislation. The building legislation’s provisions must therefore be followed for such installation work.
1.4.1 Building legislation

The building legislation consists of:
• The Building Act
• Building Regulations 2008 (BR08)
• Local statutes.
1.4.1.1 The Building Act

The Building Act (Executive Order of the Building Act No. 452 of 06.24.1998, with later amendments) contains basic
rules and principles, including the administration's competence to issue additional regulations regarding, e.g., technical
constructive suggestions.
The Building Act applies to the entire country except the Faeroe Islands and Greenland.
1.4.1.2 Building Regulations 2008

The Building regulations, that have been prepared on the basis of the Building Act’s § 5 and 6, contain the technical
constructive requirements for all construction.
For water systems, the overall requirements for water systems are written into the Building Regulations 2008. Reproduced
in this standard’s section 0.3, are the overall requirements specified in the Building Regulations.
1.4.1.3 Local statutes

Local authorities (municipalities) may determine that special local regulations must be observed.
For any public water supply, the municipal council, according to the Water Supply Act, must draw up a regulation. The
regulation contains, among other things, provisions on the right to a water supply, restrictions regarding supply of water for
special purposes, regarding the measurement of water consumption and provisions for water taxes and fees.
1.4.1.4 Type approvals

For products used in water systems, there must be proof that the products comply with the functional requirements of the
Building Regulations.
Water systems
Factory-made products included in or connected to water systems, must, with regards to the characteristics that affect the
quality of the drinking water (see Ministry of the Environment’s Executive Order on water quality and monitoring of water
supply systems) be approved by the Enterprise and Construction Authority by ETA-Denmark A/S (VA-approval), unless the
product is exempted according to the then-current provisions for the approval scheme, or bears the CE-mark that shows
that the products are consistent with a harmonized standard or covered by a European technical approval with the relevant
requirements for Denmark.
Factory-made products included in or connected to water systems, must, with regards to the mechanical/physical
characteristics, either be:
• equipped with a CE-mark that shows that the products are consistent with a harmonized standard, or are covered
by a European technical approval with the relevant requirements for Denmark
• or have completed a production inspection and testing under a special procedure called certification system 3
Construction Products Directive. Certification System 3 corresponds to the system of certification ii) of Annex III of the
Housing Ministry’s Executive Order on the entry into force of the EC-Directive regarding the mutual approximation of the
member states’ laws and administrative provisions relating to construction products, with the changes imposed by the
EC-Directive amending, among others, the EC-Directive regarding construction products.
DS 439:2009
Rainwater systems
Rainwater systems where rainwater from roofs is used for toilets and washing machines in homes and similar residential
buildings, must be installed in accordance with the Ministry of the Environment’s Executive Order on water quality and
monitoring of water supply systems § 4, paragraph 1 and 2
Voluntary VA-approval scheme

For products not covered by a European technical specification under the Construction Products Directive (CPD), it must
be documented that the products comply with the requirements of the Danish building regulations. This documentation
must be implemented by the manufacturer according to certification system 3 of the CPD.
This means that there are requirements for documenting the product characteristics with first-time testing at an accredited
testing laboratory, and the manufacturer must establish and maintain an ongoing factory quality assurance system. The
documentation must be available in the form of test reports, etc., in Danish, and be accessible for authorities and users.
ETA Denmark offers a voluntary V-approval, which can replace the certification system 3-procedure. A list of products for
which a voluntary VA-approval is offered, is reproduced on ETA Denmark’s home page: www.etadanmark.dk.
Other approvals
Some products are not covered by an approval scheme. An example of a product that is not covered by an approval
scheme but must be approved by the local building authorities, is kitchen disposal units, because the municipalities may
have prohibitions, restrictions or special taxes due to the wastewater treatment plants’ capacity and quality.
Products or grouped systems, which are separately manufactured for installation in a particular system, must be approved
by the local building authority.
1.4.2 Construction case processing

As mentioned, installing systems for water is considered construction work that requires the same construction case
processing as other construction works. You must either apply for a building permit or, for minor construction works, submit
a notification of the installation work before the work is commenced.
In terms of the water system, it is often the public water supply that on behalf of the municipal council, processes
applications for permission to install water systems.
If the construction work includes new or changed water systems, an agreement must be reached with the public water
supply regarding settlement of water consumption and a possible change of the meter size.
The building authority and/or pipe owners have access to monitor the execution of the work.
1.4.2.1 Construction work that requires a building permit

For new construction work, installation work is normally included in the overall construction project, but construction case
processing is normally also required for installation work, which is carried out separately, for example, for existing
construction.
For installation work, (in addition to the construction drawings) a plan in 3 copies is required, showing possible existing and
planned pipes and their connection to the residential building. The building authority may, however, have established
specific requirements for which drawings, etc., must be submitted for installation work, for example, information about
materials, fixtures and appliances. This information is available in the building statute or the water regulation. Furthermore,
in the specific case, the building authority has access to require any additional information needed to evaluate the project.
The building permit can also contain provisions regarding the building authority’s supervision.
For construction works requiring building permits, a completion notice must be submitted to the municipal council when the
work is completed. The finished work must not be used without permission from the municipal council. If the completion
notice according to the Water Regulation must be submitted to the public water supply, they must notify the building
authority.
DS 439:2009
For construction of limited complexity, such as carports, detached houses, agricultural buildings and light industrial and
warehouse construction, there will be no construction case processing of the technical provisions of BR 08. The technical
provisions deal with buildings’ design, structures, fire protection, indoor climate, energy consumption and installations. The
buildings still require building permits. When construction is completed, the documentation for the technical conditions is
submitted to the municipal council together with a statement, indicating that the building is constructed in accordance with
the purpose of the Building Act and the provisions of the Building Regulations. This material is archived in the construction
case.
1.4.2.2 Construction works that must be reported

The Building Regulations indicate that a number of works can be performed after notification to the municipal council. The
notification system only includes single, isolated renovations in a single housing or commercial unit. If in connection with
the renovation, there is an expansion of the area, i.e. an increase in percentage of residential construction, a building
permit must be obtained.
A notification must be in writing and signed by the owner. The notification shall include a description of the
work that is to be performed and be accompanied by a drawing with scale and a description of the building and its
location on the lot. For isolated renovations and modifications that include installation work,
the notification must also include drawings that describe the new installations’ connection to existing installations.
For construction works, which must be reported according to the building regulations, the work can be commenced no later
than 2 weeks after normal mail delivery time from the day the notification is received, if the council has not responded.
Such works do not need to be reported as finished to the municipal council.
1.4.2.3 Construction works that can be performed without building permit or notification
Some construction work can take place without a building permit or notification and without authorization for use from the
municipal council. This applies to, for example:
• Renovation and other changes in some of the buildings specified in the Building Regulations, if no expansion of the area
occurs
• Construction work by open pools
• Satellite antennas with a maximum diameter of 1.0 m and type-approved roof antennas
• Construction work by camp cabins and allotment houses.
These construction works do not need to be reported as finished to the municipal council.
1.4.3 Relationship to other legislation

Before granting a building permit and for notification, the municipal council, according to the Building Regulations, must
examine whether the construction work is in conflict with other legislation, which includes: The Nature Protection Act, The
Building Conservation Act. Environmental Protection Act, Sanitation Act, Urban Renewal Act, Summer House Act and the
Water Supply Act.
1.4.4 Exemption
As mentioned, water systems should be installed as specified under the Building Regulations.
The Building Regulations refer to DS 439, Standard for water systems, which provides examples of installation methods
that meet the functional requirements.
Other installation methods that meet the functional requirements, must in each case be approved by the local authority.
If circumstances make it necessary to perform the work in another way – where it cannot be documented that functional
requirements are met, a special permission is required, an exemption. Exemption is granted by the municipal council.
DS 439:2009
1.4.5 Registration
When an exemption is granted, it is often done under certain conditions. The municipality has the right to impose special
conditions, for example, that the conditions must be rectified if it turns out that the system does not function as expected or
if subsequently problems are found with the solution that the exemption was granted for. In the case of conditions that lead
to a significant economic burden, the municipality should arrange for a registration. Registration of the conditions of this
nature is done according to the Building Act’s § 27.
1.4.6 Complaint
be submitted regarding the building authority’s decisions in water system cases, in accordance with the Building Act’s
provisions (§ § 23 and 24). Any complaint over the municipal council's decision must be made to the State Administration,
see law regarding regional state administration. Complaints can be submitted regarding legal issues. The deadline for
appeals is 4 weeks from the day the decision is announced.
1.4.7 Fines
The Building Act lists a number of conditions, which may result in a fine. Some of these conditions include:
• A fine is imposed on anyone who violates the provisions of the Building Regulations by failing to notify of construction
work, failing to submit a completion notification or failing to apply for an exemption.
• A fine is imposed on anyone who commences construction work, commissions a construction work or otherwise
implements measures without obtaining permission as prescribed by law or in accordance with the provisions contained in
the legislation, or performs construction work or other action that requires prior authorization, in another way than what is
permitted by the appropriate authority.
• A fine is imposed on anyone who disregards the conditions specified in a permit subject to legislation or the provisions
contained in the legislation.
• If a construction work is performed in an illegal way, responsibility lies with the person who ordered the work or the person
who performed it, both persons depending on the circumstances.
• A fine is imposed on anyone who, for use in construction, produces or sells building materials that according to applicable
building provisions, can not legally be used in the construction in question.
1.4.8 Water systems – special conditions
1.4.8.1 Connection to water supply

Any owner whose property is supplied with water from a supply line that passes by or over the property, has the right to the
water supply for general household consumption, for general agriculture (not irrigation) and for other commercial use,
when this commercial use uses water to a small extent. The public water supply determines the extent to which water is
supplied to businesses that use water to a greater extent, and water for sprinkler systems for fire extinguishing purposes.
1.4.8.2 Measurement of water consumption

In 1995, the government adopted the measures prepared by the Meter Committee regarding mandatory metering of
consumption and gave the housing minister the authority to develop rules for individual metering of electricity, gas, water
and heat.
The provisions concerning the measurement of water consumption are defined in the following laws and regulations:
• Housing Ministry’s Executive Order No. 452 of 06.24.1998 of the Building Act and corresponding amendments.
• Ministry of the Environment’s Law on Water Supply etc.. No. 71 of 01.17.2007 with corresponding amendments.
• Building and Housing Authority's Executive Order on the individual metering of electricity, gas, water and heat, No. 891 of
October 9th, 1996.
• Building and Housing Authority's Executive Order regarding amendment of the Order regarding the individual metering of
electricity, gas, water and heat, No. 565 of July 1st, 1997.
DS 439:2009
• Ministry of the Environment’s Executive Order regarding payment for water according to measured consumption, etc., at
the property level, No. 525 of June 14th, 1996.
• The Enterprise and Construction Authority’s Executive Order regarding inspection of water meters used for measuring
the consumption of hot and cold water, No. 1034 of 10.17.2006.
These laws and regulations state that on all properties that were connected to public water supplies no later than January
1st, 1999, water meters must be installed at the property level for measuring the consumption of cold water.
For new buildings, i.e. for properties built after 01.01.1999, or new installation of water systems in existing buildings, the
individual housing unit or commercial unit must be prepared for the installation of meters for measuring consumption of
both cold and hot water.
The obligation and right to implement the installation belongs to the public water supply. Installation is performed by the
landowner at his or her expense at a location approved by the public water supply. Meters are made available by the public
water supply and remain the public water supply’s property
Table 1.1 - Overview of current provisions for individual metering of water consumption in buildings
New construction Existing construction
1
Property level Cold water Is prepared > Yes, requirements for
properties built before
1.1.1999
2
Hot water Is prepared ) Optional Optional
Residential or commercial Cold water Is prepared Prepared for new

unit installation of water system.
Optional
Hot water Is prepared, optional Optional
1} The provision does not apply if installing meters in residential or commercial units.
2) The provision does not apply if installing meters in residential or commercial units for measuring the total consumption of
water and meters for the total consumption of heat for heating and hot water (i.e. water meters and heat energy meters).
Housing Unit
A housing unit includes a residential apartment with kitchen/kitchenette with running water and an independent drain. A
college dorm with rooms without kitchen/own kitchenette is not covered by the rules. If individual rooms or youth housing
are designed in such a way that the tenant can get housing grants, they are covered by the rules.
Commercial unit
Commercial units means adjacent areas, which have separate access to each commercial unit, regardless of whether the
land is parceled out according to the law regarding condominiums. Single-family houses with mixed residential and
commercial must be viewed as one unit, as long as both the residential and commercial parts are used. There is therefore
no requirement for separate metering for the commercial part in such buildings.
Preparation for measurement of cold water
Preparation for the installation of a water meter usually involves:
• installing the cold water system so that measurement can take place with one meter.
• equipping the installation with a fitting with shut-off valves that are placed so that the meter can easily be installed without
first having to move major structural components, cabinets, etc.
• having the future meter be easily readable, i.e. without first having to dismantle cabinets and fastened plates, etc.
It is still optional whether to establish measurement of water at unit level.
DS 439:2009
Preparation for measurement of hot water

Preparation for measurement of total water consumption for hot water may be accomplished by placing a fitting with
shut-off valves on the cold water inlet to the hot water tank or hot water heat exchanger.
Preparing for the measurement of the consumption of hot water in the individual home or commercial unit can be done by
designing a hot water system according to a distribution pipe principle, where a fitting with shutoff valves is placed after the
circulation connection and before the distribution pipe. The fitting is placed so that installation of the meter can easily be
performed and so that the meter can be read without difficulty (see instructions under preparation for measurement of cold
water).
Optional decision
It remains an optional decision whether to establish measurement of cold and hot water at unit level and
of the hot water installation as a whole.
Exemptions for requirements regarding measurement of water
Some buildings may be exempted from compliance with the provisions regarding individual measurement, for example:
• Care Institutions and similar institutional buildings.
• Allotments houses.
• Buildings where special technical conditions in the building or this building type will result in the installation costs being
disproportionate to the savings that each consumer would obtain.
• Buildings, where such resource-saving measures have already been implemented so that resource consumption has
been significantly reduced.
• Other buildings where special conditions in the building or this building type result in the building having a very low
resource consumption.
• Buildings where special technical conditions in the building or this building type necessitates a longer installation period.
• Buildings where the individual consumer will have no economic advantage, or where the private economic returns will be
negative upon the installation of meters. For this calculation, an average time horizon must be used, which corresponds to
the typical loan financing and the expected depreciation time of the installation.
Requirements for meters
Meters that are installed for measurement of cold or hot water must be in compliance with the provisions regarding cold
and hot water meters, as determined by the Enterprise and Construction Authority, see the above-mentioned Executive
Order No. 1034 from the Enterprise and Construction Authority.
According to the rules in these provisions, an inspection system has been established whereby water meters must be
inspected through statistical sampling or through rotation replacement,
1.4.8.3 Changes to existing water installations
For new construction or renovations of buildings that are equipped with water systems, the public water supply
can demand that the property's plug line and any water systems, at the owner's expense, be re-installed with pipes with a
larger diameter if the present pipes are deemed too small for the increased water consumption.
Each property will normally have its separate plug line, and generally only one plug line will be allowed
for each property.
1.4.8.4 Water pipes in road

According to road legislation (and law regarding private roads), no water pipe work requiring excavation on a public or
private road, must be commenced before special permission from the Pipe Owner Registry (LER) has been obtained.
1.4.8.5 Water pipes over another man's property

According to the Environmental Act, the municipal council may, where necessary, decide on expropriation for the benefit of
the water supply plant. This may be considered when it is necessary to install a pipe over another man's property in order
to create a connection to a main line. Such conditions should be registered.
DS 439:2009
1.4.8.6 Agricultural Operating Buildings

The previous exemption to following the rules regarding water systems, is removed for agricultural operating buildings.
Works with water systems must therefore, for agricultural operating buildings, be performed by an authorized company,
see the section on authorization.
1.4.9 Authorization
Work on water systems must be performed by companies that have authorization. This applies to both new systems, and
changes to existing systems and repairs.
Water systems in buildings and on private land must be performed, maintained and repaired by an authorized installer, a
licensed water and sanitation professional or an approved competent company.
The municipality has, pursuant to the building regulations, the right to inspect installation work before it being covered.
The Authorization Scheme, based on the Authorization Act, is managed by the Danish Safety Technology Authority under
the Ministry of Business and Growth.
In connection with the Act, a series of provisions have been issued detailing the requirements for authorization.
1.5 Letter symbols and units
safety factor
water’s specific heat, 4,2 kJ/kg °C
inner pipe diameter (mm)
tapping’s energy requirement (kWh)
value calculated on the basis of mutual usage frequency for tapping points in homes
height to highest or farthest tapping point over the supply point (m)
roughness in pipe (mm)
pipe length (m)
sum of the lengths of plug line and distribution line to the highest and/or farthest tapping points (m)
fixtures sound level (db(A))
pressure (kPa)
the available pressure for pressure loss in the plug line and distribution line (kPa)
efficient water heater effect (kW)
lowest normally occurring water pressure in the supply point (kPa)
highest normally occurring water pressure in the supply point without additional front pressure shock (kPa)
pressure in distribution pipe at the height of the tapping (kPa)
tapping points power requirement (kW)
dimension-giving water flow for distribution pipe exclusively for randomly used tapping points (l/s)
dimension-giving water flow for distribution pipe exclusively for both randomly used tapping points and other used
tapping points (l/s)
projected water flow by tapping point (l/s)
mean water flow by each individual tapping point (l/s)
weighted mean water flow for several tapping points connected to the distribution pipe (l/s)
smallest water flow (l/s)
largest water flow from one or more flush valves (l/s)
the sum of water flows for systematically used tapping points connected to pipes (l/s)
water flow from the hot water system (l/s)
3
the water flow by which a water meter can work satisfactorily (m /h)
Reynold’s number (dimensionsless)
water temperature (°C)
cold water temperature (°C)
DS 439:2009
Tv hot water temperature (°C)

v water speed (m/s)
V projected hot water volume (I)
Vcff effective container volume(I)
Ap pressure loss (kPa)
Ape pressure loss in single resistances (kPa)
Api pressure loss in straight pipes (kPa)
Ap0 pressure loss in connection to the supply line, water meter and various single resistances and pressure loss in the
coupling pipe and tapping valve equivalent to 70 percent of the projected water flow (kPa)
Ap„, pressure loss in tapping valve for fully open valve for projected water flow
3
p density (kg/m )
6 probability for tapping of qm in a period with high strain
X friction coefficient (dimensionsless)
Σqf the sum of projected water flows for all randomly used tapping points connected to the pipe (l/s)
x time/tapping time for one tapping (s)
Tj tapping interval = time between starts of two tappings (min)
xp tapping period – time between repeat of tapping program (h)
£ resistance numbers for single resistance (dimensionsless)
2 2 2
1 kPa =1 kN/m = 0,01 bar = 0,0102 kp/cm - 0,01 kp/cm = 0,1 mVS
1 kW =0,860 Mcal/h
1.6Definitions
The terms "before" and "after" indicate placement in the water’s flow direction.
Shut-off valve
Valve that can shut off an installation element or is a part of the pipe network.
Tapping valve
Valve that can tap an installation element or a shut off part of the pipe network.
System for the production of hot water
Consists of a heat exchanger and possibly a container part.
System with charging circuit
A system consisting of a container and an external heat exchanger.
Container (reservoir)
Container in which the heated water is stored (accumulated) for later use.
Fitting
Generic term for all types of valves and taps.
Load tapping
Sample tapping, where pressure and water flow measurements are made during sample tapping.
Mixed fitting
Two tapping valves for both hot and cold water, equipped with a shared drain.
Pipe bushing
Protective pipe through which the water pipe is installed. Used for installation through wall, floor separation, foundation and
the like.
DS 439:2009
Dimension-giving water flow

The water flow that is used when dimensioning pipes.
Operating pressure
Total pressure.
Drinking water
Water that meets the requirements for drinking water, ursuant to the Ministry of the Environment’s provisions.
Dynamic pressure
Dynamic pressure - also called velocity pressure - is part of the actual total pressure resulting from the water’s movement
in a pipe.
The effective container volume
The effective container volume at a given water flow and at a given power supply is the volume of water that can be taken
from a container with the hot water temperature Tv0
The effective container performance (water heater power)
The effective container performance is a measure of the power, which the heating surface can provide continuously at a
given power supply and when heating water from a given cold water temperature to the hot water temperature Tv, which
can be achieved by the selected water flow qv.
Single resistances
Cross-sectional changes, direction changes, fittings and the like, which cause a pressure drop when the water flow passes
through.
Distribution pipe
Pipe that leads water to more than one tapping point, see figure 1.4.
Supply pipe
The public water supply’s pipe, from which each property’s water system is supplied through a plug line, see figure 1.4.
Supply point
Connection point to the supply pipe. Supply points are the starting point for pipe-dimensioning, see figure 1.4.
Projected water flow
Water flow established in relation to use of the tapping point,
Flow heat exchanger (flow water heater)
A system for production of hot water with a very small, and possibly no container part.
Highest occurring pressure
The highest water pressure in the supply pipe plus an additional 200 kPa for pressure-shocks.
Installation element
Usage element, device or machine that is supplied with water from the water system.
Ground pipe
All pipes in the ground within the site boundary.
Cap container
Container where the water is heated from water that circulates through the closed cap, which is located outside on the
container.
Coupling pipe
Pipe that only connects one tapping point to the supply pipe, see figure 1.4.
DS 439:2009
mur - wall
grundgrænse – site boundary
koblingsledning – coupling pipe
fordelingsledning – distribution pipe
koblingsledning – coupling pipe
koblingspunkt - coupling point
forsyningsledning – supply pipe
forsyningspunkt – supply point
stikledning – plug line
jordledning – ground pipe
vandinstallation – water system
fordelingsledning - distribution pipe
Figure 1.4 –Water pipe network
Coupling point
Transitional spot between distribution pipe and coupling pip, see figure 1.4.
Competent company
Approved competent company which, pursuant to the authorization provisions, is entitled to perform limited work by
water systems.
Counter valve
Counter valve that ensures that water can only flow in one direction.
Counter valve, controllable
Counter valve, that is designed or placed in such a way, that its function can be controlled.
Air gap
Clear height between the water outlet and the highest possible water table in the installation element or the tub, over
which the outlet is positioned.
Authority
Authority means the local municipal council.
Meter dimension
The meter's nominal diameter or pipe threads on screws.
Adequate temperature
The temperature, which the tapped water must have in order to ensure a projected function.
Adequate water volume
The volume of water that is sufficient to ensure a projected function by the tapping point.
Adequate water flow
The water flow it should be possible to tap from the tapping point to ensure a projected function.
DS 439:2009
Rainwater system
Systems where rainwater from roofs is collected and used for toilet flushing and washing machines in homes and
residential buildings.
Pipe interruptor
See open pipe interruptor.
Pipe dimension
Accurate inside pipe diameter after indication in catalogue or standard sheet. Used for dimensioning graphs
(nomograms).
Pipe size
Indication of pipes’ trade name, which usually only to a certain extent will be in accordance with the actual pipe
dimension.
Safety valve
Valve, which - at a pre-set pressure- can discharge excess air, water or steam volumes from containers and pipe
systems.
Flush valve
Mechanical self-closing valve for flushing.
Static pressure
See total pressure.
Plug line
Pipe connecting the supply pipe with the water system, see figure 1.4.
Adjustable counter valve
Counter valve, which also acts as a shut-off valve or tapping valve
Noise Groups
Groups that classify tapping valves according to properties in terms of sound.
Systematically used tapping points
A tapping point that is used within certain periods, or more tapping points used simultaneously.
Tapping points
The locations in the water system from which water can be tapped.
Tapping valve
Valve for opening/closing and adjusting the water flow by the tapping point
Backflow blocker
Generic term for devices, which ensure that water can only flow in one direction.
The total pressure
The total pressure is the sum of the static pressure and dynamic pressure. In a resting fluid the dynamic pressure is
equal to 0, so that the total pressure equals the static pressure.
Pressure Groups
Groups that classify tapping valves according to the pressure loss, which will occur when tapping the projected water
flow through the fully open valve. Classification is specified in the authorizations /6//7/.
Pressure loss
The energy loss (per volume unit ) that occurs when water flows in pipes, containers and fittings.
DS 439:2009
Drain Valve
Valve or tap for tapping or draining of an isolated portion of a pipe network or an installation element.
Replaceability
Replaceable pipes:
In soil
- Pipes that are accessible for repairs after excavation.
In buildings
- Pipes that are accessible for repairs after dismantling of cover plates or the like, which primarily aim to hide the
installation.
Non-replaceable pipes:
In soil
- Pipes that are inaccessible for repair, for example, during building construction.
In buildings
- Pipes that are inaccessible for repair, for example, in concrete, wood or brick structures.
Vacuum Valve
Backflow blocker in the form of a valve construction, which – for underpressure in the water system - opens to the
surrounding air, thereby eliminating a possible siphoning.
VA-approval
Enterprise and Construction Authority's type approval of the material in water systems.
Water for industrial use
Water from drinking water systems, which is treated in special plants, after which it no longer meets the
requirements for drinking water in the Ministry of the Environment’s regulations.
Water Treatment Plant
Plants for changing the water’s chemical and/or microbiological properties.
Water system
The part of a pipe network that is located in buildings and associated land, see figure 1.4.
Pipe network
Generic term for supply pipe, plug line and water system, see figure 1.4.
Water and sanitation professional
Authorized company that pursuant to the authorization provisions is entitled to perform work at water supply and
drainage systems.
Water pressure
The static pressure in a water pipe. Water pressure is measured as static pressure relative to atmospheric pressure.
Heat exchanger (water heater)
In a heat exchanger, heat is transferred between two independent power circuits, where the primary side indicates
the heat-emitting circuit and the secondary side indicates the heat receiving circuit.
Heating of water can occur in different types of heat exchangers:
- Cap containers
- Hot water containers with built-in heating coil
- Flow water heaters
- Plate heat exchangers.
DS 439:2009
Plumber
Authorized company that pursuant to the authorization provisions is entitled to perform work on gas, water and
drainage systems.
Open pipe interruptor
Backflow prevention in the form of a pipe fitting, to which inner air has permanent access.
DS 439:2009
Dimensioning
2.1 General
Water systems must be dimensioned and executed so as to achieve a satisfactory water supply at each tapping site, taking
into account the supply conditions and the system’s and the building’s use and water consumption /13/.
The dimensioning and execution takes into account that the water’s temperature and time in the water system should not
unacceptably affect the quality of drinking water.
Before any changes are made to existing installations, either an assessment, a calculation
or a load tapping must be performed, that demonstrates that the supply conditions at each tapping site in the property will
not be significantly impaired.
2.2 Conditions
2.2.1 Performance
Water systems are dimensioned so that the individual tapping points can receive a water flow and water quantity that is
satisfactory for the function of the tapping point.
This implies that the dimensioning also takes into account:
1. pressure in the supply pipe by the plug line

2. reduction in performance due to deposits in the pipes.
2.2.2 Noise
Water systems are dimensioned and executed so as to avoid any annoying noise.
The Building Regulations sets limits for the noise level from the water system. Here it is necessary to take
into account the properties of the used fittings in terms of sound. The approvals will usually contain information about this,
mainly through a classification of fittings in three noise groups with corresponding limitations in scope:
Noise Group 1: Lap < 20 dB (A). Tapping valves can generally be used without limitations.
Noise Group 2: Lap <30 dB (A). Tapping valves can be used in buildings where water system, building construction
and plan solution are designed so that they ensure that noise does not occur, or where there is assurance that the pressure
in front of the tapping valve will not exceed 300 kPa.
Noise Group 3: Lap > 30 dB (A). Tapping valves can generally be used in installations where there is assurance that the
pressure in front if the tapping valve will not exceed the value corresponding to the Lap level of 30 dB (A).
The noise is measured according to a method specified in DS/EN ISO 3822-1, Acoustics - Laboratory tests on noise emission
from appliances and equipment used in water supply installations - Part 1: Method of measurement.
2.2.3 Water pressure
The water installation is dimensioned for the lowest normal pressure pln in the supply pipe.
If the lowest normal pressure is not large enough to ensure an adequate water supply, the pressure booster system is
installed.
The lowest normal pressure in the supply pipe pln means the lowest pressure that occurs with a probability of 0.99 in a
period with high consumption, see figure V 2.2.3.
The maximum pressure in the supply line means the highest pressure pmax, which occurs in the supply pipe, see Figure V
2.2.3.
DS 439:2009
The probability that the pressure at least has the size p i en forsyningsledning in a supply pipe in a period with a large
consumption of water.
Pressure p
0,99 1,0
Figure V 2.2.3 –Pressure in supply pipe
The water supply will normally be able to provide information on pressure conditions in the supply line by specifying the
lowest and highest water pressure at that location.
2.2.4 Water flows
Water installation is dimensioned on the basis of the projected water flow at each tapping point. The indicated water flows
in Table V 2.2.4 can be considered adequate.
Table V 2.2.4 – Projected water flows at the most frequently occurring tapping points
Tapping point projected water flow q, (l/s)
cold water hot water

bath tub 0,3 0,3
bidet 0,1 0,1
shower 0,15 0,15
yard/garden irrigation 0,2
bathroom sink 0,1 0,1
kitchen sink 0,2 0,2
cleaning sink 0,2 0,2
1
simultaneously used tapping valves for showers in factories and the like. * 0,1 0,1
simultaneously used tapping valves for bathroom sinks or wash drains in 0,03 0,03
factories and the like
flush valve for urinal 0,4
flush valve for toilet 1,5
valve for hosing of the floors and the like 0,2 0,2
washing machines for domestic use 0,2
dishwashers for domestic use and connected to cold water 0,2
dishwashers for domestic use and connected to hot water 0,2
toilet cistern 0,1
2
hoses in accordance with the building regulations ) 0,33
1) It is assumed that a reduction is made of the tapping valves’ performance capability
2
) For industrial hoses, please refer to Fire Safety Guide no. 15 from the Danish Institute of Fire Security and
Technology
The values in table V 2.2.4 are normative, since it is possible that the function of some tapping points can be fulfilled with
water flows other than those specified. This requires that the fitting by the tapping point is designed to function properly at
this water flow.
DS 439:2009
2,3 Dimensioning by calculation

Dimensioning of pipes is based on the dimension-giving water flow.
Water installations are dimensioned so that the tapping at one tapping point does not alter the water flow significantly by
other tapping points.
The water flow at each tapping point should not be less than 70 percent of the projected water flow qp when tapping from
elsewhere in the installation. When adding the projected water flows when the dimension-giving water flow in distribution
pipes must be calculated, these deviations can not be used, but instead, the projected water flows according to Table V
2.2.4 must be used. For each apartment and single-family house, when calculating the distribution pipes, one can assume
that the sum of the projected water flow is set to 0.8 l/s for cold water and 0.8 l/s for hot water, notwithstanding that a
summation of all the projected water flows would give a larger number.
2.3.1 Coupling pipes

For coupling pipes, the dimension-giving water flow is set to equal to the projected water flow qv (Table V 2.2.4).
2.3.2 Distribution pipe for a room in residential buildings and similar buildings
if it is likely that only one person uses the room, the dimension-giving water flow qd can be set to the largest projected water
flow qf of the tapping points in the room. If it is likely that several people in the room use the installation simultaneously, then
the dimension-giving water flow qd is determined based on an estimate of which tapping points can be expected to be used
simultaneously.
2.3.3 Distribution pipes for several rooms in residential buildings and similar buildings
Assuming that all the tapping points are used randomly, the dimension-giving water flow is calculated by using the
following formula:
where
qd is the dimension-giving water flower for distribution pipes exclusively with randomly used tapping points.
qm is the weighted mean water flow for several tapping points connected to the distribution pipe.
Σqf is the sum of the projected water flows qf according to table V 2.2.4
A and 0 are the constants that depend on the desired safety against overloads.
For water systems in residential buildings and similar buildings where the tapping points are used briefly and randomly as
in residential buildings, A can be set equal to 3.1, 0 = 0.015 and qm = 0.1 l/s.
The dimension-giving water flow qd for distribution pipes with largest qf less than or equal to 0.3 l/s,
then becomes (see table V 2.3.3):
qd = 0,2 + 0,015 (Σqf - 0,2) + 0,12 VΣqf - 0,2 l/s
The probability that the actual water flow exceeds qdr, is approximately 0.001 in this example.
If there are systematically used tapping points in an installation, then the largest water flow qsyst is calculated as the sum of
the projected water flows from these tapping points.
DS 439:2009
Table V 2.3.3 – Dimension-giving water flow qd for different projected water flows Σqf
sum of projected water dimension-giving sum of projected water dimension-giving
flows water flow flows water flow
Σqf (l/s) qd(l/s) Σqf (l/s) qd(l/s)
0,1 0,1 12 0,79
0,2 0,2 13 0,82
0,3 0,25 14 0,85
0,4 0,26 15 0,88
0,5 0,27 16 0,91
0,6 0,28 17 0,95
0,7 0,29 18 0,97
0,8 0,30 19 0,98
0,9 0,31 20 1,03
1,0 0,32 22 1,04
1,2 0,34 24 1,14
1,4 0,35 26 1,20
1,6 0,36 28 1,25
1,8 0,38 30 1,31
2,0 0,39 35 1,42
2,5 0,41 40 1,55
3,0 0,45 50 1,80
3,5 0,47 60 2,02
4,0 0,49 70 2,25
4,5 0,52 80 2,47
5,0 0,53 90 2,68
6,0 0,58 100 2,90
7,0 0,62 110 3,11
8,0 0,65 120 3,31
9,0 0,69 130 3,51
10,0 0,72 140 3,72
11,0 0,76 150 3,92
The dimension-giving water flow used in an installation that includes both randomly as well as systematically used tapping
points, is calculated as: qd = qd + qsyst l/s
If there are flush valves for toilets and urinals in an installation, then the largest water flow qsky} is calculated as:
qsky} = 1.5 +(n-1) 0,2 l/s for toilets
qsky} =0.4 + (n-1) 0,1 l/s for urinals
where n indicates the number of flush valves on the pipe.
The dimension-giving water flow used in an installation that includes both flush valves and randomly and systematically
used tapping points, is calculated as:
qd = qd + qsyst + qsky} l/s
If there are hoses in an installation, according to the requirements of the building regulations, the dimension-giving water
flow for pipes that only supply hoses {regardless of the quantity), is 0.33 l/s.
The dimension-giving water flow used in an installation that supplies both hoses and other tapping points, is calculated as:
qd = 0,33 + {qd - 0,2) + qsyst + qsky} l/s
Annex A specifies an indicative calculation method for qd based on measured average water flows from the individual
tapping points and for qf values greater than 0.3 l/s.
DS 439:2009
The calculation method in the Annex is used, when an installation type has measured or estimated values for water flows,
usage frequency and consumption.
qtl dimension-giving water flow l/s
H 56 S I000
Σqf sum of projected water flows l/s
Figure V 2.3.3 – Dimension-giving water flow qd as a function of the sum of projected water flows qf
2.3.4 Pressure loss calculation

The water installation is dimensioned by calculating the pressure loss in each section of the installation so that the total
pressure loss, as much as possible, corresponds to the available pressure for that section.
The available pressure amounts to the difference between the lowest occurring water pressure p fn in the supply in
accordance with 2.2.3, and the static pressure equal to the height of the tapping point. If the waterworks indicates the
lowest pressure in mVS over elevation 0, the available pressure is indicated in mVS by subtracting the elevation in meters
to the tapping point.
DS 439:2009
For the pressure loss calculation, the installation can be divided into the following sections:
1. Pressure loss in connection to the supply pipe. For pressure loss in tapping or T-indentation, see Table V 2.3.4 a, since
the dynamic pressure can be read in nomograms for pressure loss.
Table V 2.3.4 a – Resistance numbers for single resistances in water pipes

single resistance resistance numbers
branching and convergence C=2 for va (v = water velocity in flow-through
C=1 for v0>v va = water velocity in branching or convergence)
flow-through: C=0
tapping point 5,0 for tapping point in top, d> 25 mm
3,0 for tapping point in side, d< 25 mm
2,0 for tapping point in side, > 25 mm
bend 0,5 for r/d< 3 {r = bend radius)
0 for r/d >3
dimension change 0,2 (highest velocity)
free flow seat valve, ball tap 0,3
diaphragm valve 5,0
gate valve 2,0 for d < 2 5 mm
seat valve 1,5 for d> 25 mm
10 for d <25mm
5,0 for d>25 mm
angle 1,0
2. Pressure loss in water meter. The pressure loss is shown in Figure V 3.2.1 and should be included, even though meter
is not set up.
3. Pressure loss in straight pipe stretches. The pressure loss can be calculated based on Colebrook’s formula:
1/y = -2*log 2.51/ReY + k/3.71d
where roughness k may be assumed to be:

1.0 mm for galvanized steel pipes with deposits
0.15 mm for copper and stainless steel pipes with deposits
0.01 mm for plastic pipes.
3. Pressure loss in single resistances. The pressure loss can be calculated as the resistance number for the single
resistance multiplied by the dynamic pressure.
The resistance number for the most frequently occurring single resistances is shown in table V 2.3.4 a, and the dynamic
pressure can be read in, for example, nomograms for pressure loss.
Pressure loss in single resistances excl. tapping valves, mixed fittings and larger single resistances such as water heaters,
etc. can, if you do not complete an accurate calculation, be set at 25 percent of the resistance in the straight pipe stretches.
4. Pressure loss in tapping valves and mixed fittings. The pressure loss is indicated by the classification of pressure groups
in Table V 2.3.4 b and approval /6//7/.
5. Pressure loss in coupling pipes. Pressure loss can be calculated as specified in item 3, as the part of the available
pressure that is not used up in accordance with items 1-5, as much as possible is used up in the coupling pipe to the
tapping point. By varying the coupling pipe’s dimension at each tapping point, it is usually possible to approximate the
projected water flow at each tapping point regardless of location.
DS 439:2009
Table V 2.3.4 b - Placement of tapping valves and mixed fittings in pressure groups
Pressure group kPa pressure loss Apm for fully open valve for the projected
water flow qf
kPa
50 Apn<50
150 50 < Ap< 150
300 150 < Apm <, 300
2.4 Dimensioning through simplified calculation

Water systems in residential and office buildings, etc., can be dimensioned by simplified calculation under certain
conditions:
a. That there are no systematically used tapping points
b. That the projected water flow qf is no more than 0.3 l/s
c. That the sum of the projected water flows Σqf is no more than 100 l/s, equal to approx. 60 homes
d. That the disposable pressure pdisp for pressure loss in plug line and distribution pipe is so large that
Pdisp/L > 0.5kPa/m
e. That the number of floors does not exceed four, as basement is not included
f. That the connection to the supply pipe meets the guidelines in 2.4.2
g. That there are no fixtures in a higher pressure group than 300 kPa.
Dimensioning by simplified calculation does not ensure, that the noise limits specified in the building regulations, are
observed, and it may be necessary to perform specific noise limiting measures, e.g., through use of low-noise fittings.
Dimensioning of water systems can be performed as indicated under 2.4.1 to 2.4.5, if the conditions specified in items a to
g, are met.
2.4.1 The disposable pressure loss
The disposable pressure loss in kPa per m of pipe, is calculated as:
Pdisp/L=Pla-10H- Åp0/L
where
Åp0 - 100 kPa, when using tapping valves in pressure group 50 kPa
150 kPa, when using tapping valves in pressure group 150 kPa
220 kPa, when using tapping valves in pressure group 300 kPa.
If installations with larger ingle resistances, e.g., certain flow water heaters, are to be dimensioned through a simplified
calculation, one can use the simplified method when the available pressure loss is calculated like this:
Pdisp/L=Pla-10H- Åpo-Ape/L
where Ape is the pressure loss in kPa in the large single resistances for the dimension-giving water flow. The pressure
losses can be stated in the approval or obtained by contacting the manufacturer.
DS 439:2009
2.4.2 Connection to supply pipe

Connection to the supply pipe is performed according to the following guidelines:
20 mm tapping can be connected to a sum of the projected water flows of no more than 15 l/s
25 mm tapping can be connected to a sum of the projected water flows of no more than 40 l/s.
For an inserted T-spiece, you can connect a sum of the projected water flows greater than 40 l/s.
2.4.3 Plug line
Plug line and ground pipe can be dimensioned according to Table V 2.4.3, as a smaller pipe size than 32 mm should not be
used.
Table V 2.4.3 - Dimensioning of plug lines and ground pipes made out of plastic
disposable pressure loss largest connected sum of projected water flows l/s)
Pdisp/L
pipe size mm
kPa/m
32 40 50
0,5 1,6 8 35
1,0 6 20 60
2,0 15 45 100
3,0 20 65 100
4,0 30 80 100
5,0 40 95 100
2.4.4 Distribution pipes

Distribution pipes are dimensioned according to the tables V 2.4.4 a, V 2.4.4 b and V 2.4.4 c.
Table V 2.4.4 a - Dimensioning of distribution pipes of galvanized steel pipes
disposable pressure loss largest connected sum of projected water flows Σqf l/s)
Pdisp/L
pipe size mm
kPa/m
15 20 25 32 40 50
0,5 0 0,2 1,0 9,1 34 58
1,0 0,1 0,3 3,0 19,5 37 96
2,0 0,1 1,0 7,5 34 65 100
3,0 0,2 2,5 12,1 48 78 100
4,0 0,2 3,0 16,2 59 100 100
5,0 0,4 4,0 22,5 71 100 100
Table V 2.4.4 b- Dimensioning of distribution pipes made out of copper

disposable pressure loss largest connected sum of projected water flows Σqf l/s)
Pdisp/L
kPa/m
pipe size mm
15 x 1,0 18x1,0 22 x 1,0 28 x 1,2 35 x 1,5 42 x 1,5 54 x 1,5

0,5 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 0,1 0,2 1,7 9 25 77 1
0,1 0,6 5,3 19,2 46 100
0,2 2,2 11,7 34 77 100
0,5 4,1 17 46 100 100
000000
1,0 6,0 23 59 100 100

1,6 8,0 28 70 100 100
DS 439:2009
Table V 2.4.4 c - Dimensioning of distribution pipes made out of PEX-pipes

disposable pressure largest connected sum of projected water flows Σqf l/s)
loss
pipe size mm
Pdisp/L
kPa/m
15x2,5 18x2,5 22 x 3,0 28 x 4,0
0,5 0 0 0,1 0,2
1,0 0 0,1 0,2 1,0
2,0 0 0,1 0,6 1,3
3,0 0,1 0,2 1,7 5,5
4,0 0,1 0,2 2,2 9,3
5,0 0,1 0,3 3,0 12,3
2.4.5 Coupling pipes

Coupling pipes can be dimensioned according to Table V 2.4.5.
If a coupling pipe has greater length than the lengths in Table V 2.4.5, the excess lengths can be dimensioned as a
distribution pipe, and the excess length is included in L, see 2.4.1.
Table V 2.4.5 - Maximum length of the coupling pipes made out of copper pipes, galvanized steel pipes and PEX
pipes
copper pipes
pipe size greatest length of coupling pipe m
mm qf= 0,1 l/s qf =0,2 l/s qf =0,3 l/s
10x0,8 3,5 1,0 —
12x1,0 8 2,0 1,0
15x1,0 8 8 4
galvanized steel pipes
15 8 8 5
20 8 8 8
PEX-pipes
10x1,8 1,2 0,3 -
12x2,0 3,5 1,0 0,4
15x2,5 8 3,0 2,0
18x2,5 8 8 5
22 x 3,0 8 8 8
For PEX-pipes with other inner diameters, interpolation can be performed in the table.
2.5 Domestic hot water

2.5.1 General
Installations for the production of domestic hot water, must, while taking into account the number of hot water tapping
points and use, be able to supply a sufficient water quantity and water flow with a temperature that suits the purpose /23/.
In terms of design and function, the installation must be performed, so that the risk of bacteria growth is minimized /22/.
Given the risk of bacterial growth, it should be possible to heat the water in water heaters to at least 60°C. The water
installation should also be designed so that the temperature of the water carried in all parts of the water installation for
normal use, does not fall below 50°C and 45°C at peak load.
The system is designed so as to achieve optimum utilization of the added heat energy and so that water wastage is
avoided.
DS 439:2009
To avoid wastage of water, the hot water system should be designed so that the hot water, at a water flow of 0.2 l/s,
reaches the tapping points easily without delay after the tapping has begun. This will often cause the plant to be installed
with circulation or heating pipes.
In cases where the delay and wastage of water is not particularly significant, specifically by tapping points, which are rarely
used – e.g., guest toilets, cleaning rooms and tapping points in basements - and by tapping points where a large amount of
mixed water is tapped - such as bathtubs and sinks for washing clothes - circulation or heating pipes can be omitted in
order to save energy.
For frequently used tapping points – e.g. in kitchens and family bathrooms - where distance conditions are such that a
reasonably short waiting time only can be achieved through circulation or heating pipes, one should strive to take into
account the energy consumption, for example, through good pipe insulation and timer controls, which restrict the
circulation to the actual times of use.
Installations that have both rarely used tapping points and good opportunities to obtain reasonably short waiting times, are
usually found in single-family houses. The requirement for an appropriate waiting time should not necessarily be achieved
through a requirement for circulation or heating pipes in all new single-family houses. In cases of exceedance, there should
be an energy-saving calculation, or other ways should be considered, whereby the standard’s overall functional
requirements can be met.
To achieve the best possible transfer of heat from the heating surfaces to the water, the heating surfaces must be designed
so that the coatings on these are kept at as low a level as possible. The heating surfaces must be accessible for cleaning.
2.5.2 Dimensioning of hot water system

The most important data for a system for hot water production, is the power, which the heating surface can add to the water
and the volume of the container. Large differences in system structures, however, mean that power and container
size can not be taken directly as an expression of a system's performance, but you must instead use the terms:
- The effective container volume
- The effective container performance {water heater power).
The effective container volume

The effective container volume at a given water flow is the volume of water that can be taken from a container with the hot
water temperature Tv0 before the water’s outlet temperature has dropped below a given outlet temperature Tvmm. The
effective container volume can be determined by a measurement according to DIN 4708-1, -2 and -3. The measurement is
performed without energy supply during the tapping.
The effective container performance

The effective container performance is a measure of the power that the heating surface can provide continuously at a given
power supply, and when heating domestic water from a given cold water temperature Tk, to the hot water temperature Tv,
which can be achieved by the selected water flow qy. The effective container performance Ppow can be expressed as:
Peff = qy * (Tv – Tk) * p * c
where
Peff is the effective container performance
3
p is the water’s density, equal to 1 000 kg/m
c is the water’s specific heat, equal to 4,2 kJ/kg °C
qv is the water flow.
If Peff is expressed in kW, and qv in l/s, you get:
Peff = 4 .2 * q y * ( T v - T K )
Tv should be selected as Tvmin or close to this. The effective container performance can b expressed for different sets of
temperature, but often used are:
hot water temperature Tv = 55°C
cold water temperature T K =10°C.
DS 439:2009
Where the heating medium is hot water, flow and return temperature is specified at 80/60°C or 90/70°C. Other values, such
as 70/40°C or 60/30°C can be used in low temperature systems.
Corrections
If the effective container performance and effective volume is not determined by measurement, various corrections must
be performed.
Container volume
The container’s geometric volume will be larger than its effective volume, i.e.:
V = fY * Ve(f
where fY is a factor {greater than 1), which depends on the container’s geometry, the size of the heating surface and the
sensor’s location.
In systems with separate heat exchanger or containers that are supplied from own boiler and with baffle plate by cold
water connection, the effective volume for a rapid discharge close to the container’s physical volume is typically approx. 80
to 90%. For storage over several hours, which is typical, you can expect a mixing layer of approx. 15 cm of the container’s
height. For containers with built-in heating surface, you measure from the lowest point of the heat exchanger to the hot
water outlet.
f v - largest value of 1.15 and (H + 0.15)/H, where H is the container’s height in m.
For district heating supply containers with built-in spiral where the dimensioned flow temperature typically
is 60 or 65°C, the concept of effective volume is not used directly. In the dimensioning rules mentioned in 2.5.2.1.4 b
for this case, the container’s geometric volume measured from the bottom edge of the spiral is used.
Container power
When determining the necessary container power, you must take into account:
a. Deposits
If the effective container performance Peff is applicable to clean heating surfaces, there will be a reduction of the power
caused by deposits, i.e.:
Po = fp * Peff
where the factor fp will depend on water’s chemical properties, on maintenance and cleaning, on heating surface’s
temperature, and on whether an electrolysis system has been installed. The reduction can be set to 15-30%,
i.e.:
1.5 < fp < 1,30
Large values of fp, for example, can be found in certain types of gas water heaters and electric water heaters. A coating will
usually only affect the effective volume to a very small degree.
b. Circulation Loss
Depending on system size and isolation, the circulation loss can be set to 0.1 to 0.2 kW per apartment.
c. Electrolysis system
If electrolysis processing is used, the container should be of such a size that the water’s retention in the container will be at
least 20 minutes at the maximum hourly consumption. There are systems that do not require container volume.
2.5.2.1 Hot water heater in residential buildings

Installations for production of hot water in residential buildings are dimensioned on the basis of consumption and taking
into account the use of the building, characterized partly by the start time of the individual tappings in the tapping program,
and partly by the frequency with which tappings can be repeated.
For dimensioning temperatures for water heaters in residential buildings, you can select an approach temperature (cold
water) of 10°C and an outlet temperature (hot water) of 55°C.
DS 439:2009
2.5.2.1.1 Water heaters for one tapping point in permanent housing

Water heaters that supply a single tapping point, should have a performance that satisfies the tapping programs specified
in Table V 2.5.1. If it is demonstrated that a specified tapping fixture with specified equipment {e.g. shower) functions
satisfactorily at a water flow that is less than the minimum water flow specified in the table, then the water heater’s
performance can be defined accordingly.
Table V-2.5.1 Tappings and tapping programs for hot water tapping points in permanent housing (individual
tapping point
data for tapping unit bath tub shower kitchen sink bathroom
sink
smallest mixed water flow Pb,min l/s 0,21 0,14 0,10 0,056
adequate temperature (mixed Tb °C 40 40 45 40
water)
projected hot water volume vb I 125 42 15 10
(mixed water)
tapping time for one tapping s 600 300 150 180
Tappi tapping point’s power requirement 14.7
ngs TK =10°C kW 26,3 17,6 16.8 7,0
from TK = 5 °C kW 30,6 20,6 8,2
one tapping point’s energy requirement
tappi T =10°C kWh 4,36 1/47 0,61 0,35
K
ng TK = 5 °C kWh 5,09 1,71 0,70 0,41
point
Tappi number of tappings 2 4 2 4
ng
tapping interval = time between start of two min 30 20 20 20
progr
tappings
am
tapping period = time between repeated h 12 12 3 6
tappings
apartments, single-family homes and the like)
The table is used in the dimensioning of water heaters that supply individual tapping points, and as a basis for tapping
programs for water heaters that supply multiple tapping points in a permanent residence.
If it is demonstrated that a specified tapping fixture with specified equipment (e.g. a shower) functions satisfactorily for a
service that is less than the table's entries, then the water heater's performance can be determined accordingly, while
maintaining the tapping program. It is assumed that the water heater is always installed in connection with the equipment in
question.
2.5.2.1.2 Water heaters for several tapping points in permanent housing

Water heaters that supply multiple tapping points in the same permanent housing unit, should have a service that every 12
hours can satisfy the following tapping program:
For installations with bath tubs
2 tub baths: start time for tapping 0 and 30 min.

2 showers: start time for tapping 60 and 80 min.
2 tappings for kitchen sink.
The baths are expected to take place with the tappings indicated in table V 2.5.1.
Tapping for kitchen sink is not expected to take place at the same time as tapping for bath tub.
DS 439:2009
For Installations without bath tubs

4 showers
2 tappings for kitchen sink.
These baths are expected to take place with the tappings and tapping intervals indicated in the tapping program in Table V
2.5.1.
Tapping for the kitchen sink is expected to take place simultaneously with the tapping to the shower with the tapping
program specified in Table V 2.5.1.
If the water heater only supplies the tapping points in the same room, a tapping program is set up taking into account the
room's use. Normally it can be assumed that tapping only takes place by one place at a time.
2.5.2.1.2 a Dimensioning of flow water heater in single-family houses

When using flow water heater with no container volume, it must always be able to supply a power Peff, which is equal to the
maximum power demand.
If there is no tapping program, it is expected that a power equal to the dimension-giving water flow qdi can be supplied,
namely:
PEFF = 4.2 * QD (TVMIN – TK)
Or with the conditions for residential construction:

Po = 4.2 * fp * qd (Tvmin – Tk)
where Po is the power in kW for the clean heating surface

qd is the dimension-giving water flow in l/s
fp is an addition for coatings of 15-30% equal to a factor of 1.15 to 1.3
For systems for a single-family house or a single apartment, the required power will usually respond to tapping from the
kitchen sink and shower simultaneously. From formula (2.5.3) or table V 2.5.1 you get the required power:
for kitchen sink 14,7 kW

for shower 17,6 kW
Total 32,3 kW
With an addition for coatings of 15-30% the necessary power becomes 37 -42 kW.
2,5.2.1.2 b Dimensioning of hot water containers that supply all the tapping points in a single-family house
The tapping programs listed in 2.5.2.1.2 are used. The corresponding PE-curves are shown in Figure V 2.5.2. It
is assumed that the hot water heater supplies all the tapping points in a permanent residence and that it is a family home.
For residential dorms, for example, for one or two residents and in cottages, a different tapping program is set up, but the
value of individual tappings should be assumed to be as shown in Table V 2.5.1.
DS 439:2009
Container’s effective energy content Eeff kWh

0 50 100 150 200 250
4-water temperature of 55°C, liter
Container’s effective volume Vell for hot
Figure V 2.5.2 – Dimensioning chart (P-E-curves) for water heaters that supply all hot water tapping points in a
permanent home for one family
Conversion from Eeff to Veff is done with the formula:

Veff – Eeff * 860/Tv - 10
where Tv is the selected hot water temperature.
For containers connected to boilers, both boiler power as well as the heat exchanger’s power must be in accordance with
Figure V 2.5.2. No deposit addition needs to be added to the boiler power here. The following should be complied with:
The flow of water in the boiler/container circuit corresponds to the power in Figure V 2.5.2 and a difference in the flow and
return flow temperatures of no more than 15°C.
The dimensioning difference between the mean boiler temperature in this situation and T mhi should not exceed 22°C. This
temperature difference is dimensioned for a lower value corresponding to a suitable supplement for coatings. Note: If the
system is designed so that the whole boiler’s power is added to the container, both water flow and heat exchanger are
dimensioned according to the boiler power.
The power can be determined by testing according to Institute of Technology, Heating and Installation Engineering, 1985:
Testing of water heaters, test bench and test methods.
2.5.2.1.3 Water heaters in multi-family houses

For systems that only need to supply 2-3 apartments, one can not expect a very large spread in the consumption. You can
expect container sizes and performances that are 2, respectively, 3 times larger than those calculated for individual
apartment systems, possibly slightly reduced with respect to the simultaneity of the hot water consumption.
2.5,2.1.4 Water heaters for several homes

Dimensioning of water heaters for several homes is based on the homes’ consumption pattern, and that there is no tapping
from all tapping points simultaneously, but that the tappings are statistically distributed.
For residential buildings with 4 or more apartments, you can use the following dimensioning methodology that is based on
a research project, which by using computer calculations, has developed a new framework based on a very large number
of detailed dynamic simulations with advanced calculation of the heat transfer ratio and temperature layer distribution etc.,
see Dimensioning of water heaters, DTI, Taastrup, April 1990.
DS 439:2009
For best utilization of the new dimensioning method, the selected hot water container should in principle be based on
measured values for the test methods that have formed the basis for the simulations, see Testing of water heaters, test
bench and test methods, DTI, Heating and installation engineering, 1985.
The method uses the concept of a ”normal apartment”
Normal apartment
A normal apartment is assumed to have 3.5 residents and bathroom with bath tub or shower that are considered identical
with a computational energy requirement of 4.36 kWh. Kitchen sink not included. Wash basin and bidet are only included in
apartments with 2 bathrooms.
The number of normal apartments is calculated based on the true number of apartments, number of occupants per
apartment and number of bathrooms and power per tapping. The number of the building’s normal apartments exists as the
building's energy requirements per day, divided by a normal apartment's energy consumption per day.
N = Σ(n * p * v * E/3.5 – 4.36
where
N = number of normal apartments

n = number of apartments
v= hot water units in the apartment
E = the computational energy requirement per hot water unit
The calculation of the numerator in the formula is as follows: The apartments are divided into groups so that the apartments
within a group are the same in terms of number of residents and number of hot water units (i.e. number of bathrooms). For
each group, the product of n, p, v and E is calculated, and finally the sum of the products of the respective groups is
calculated.
Residents per apartment

The number of apartments is the actually occurring number. Number of residents can also be the actual number, but at
least what is indicated in Table V 2.5.3. If the resident number is not known, the number of residents is set as shown in
Table V 2.5.3.
Table V 2.5.3 – The smallest number of residents included per apartment. Thus a normal apartment has 4 rooms
and 3,5 residents
number of rooms 1 1V2 2 2V2 3 31/2 4 41/2 5 51/2 6 61/2 7
number of residents 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,3 2,7 3,1 3,5 3,9 4,3 4,6 5,0 5,4 5,6
Hot water units and energy requirements
For the calculation of hot water units that is included in v in the above-mentioned formula for calculation of the number of
normal apartments, there is a differentiation between apartments with one or two bathrooms. Where there is one
bathroom, only 1 hot water unit is assumed, which can be a bathtub or shower, and as previously mentioned, both are
expected to have an energy requirement of 4.36 kWh.
If there are 2 bathrooms, several hot water units and their energy requirements are included, such as the ones found in
Table 2.5.4.
It is noted that in both cases kitchen sinks are not included because the energy requirement for the kitchen sink is included
in the bathtub’s/shower's energy requirement.
No hot water units are included that do not occur in construction. Energy requirements for each hot water unit are also
listed in Table V 2.5.4.
Instead of calculating the numerator in formula (2.5.4), which is an expression of the building's energy requirements per
day for hot water, one can measure the energy consumption. It can be done in the case of a building that is to be
renovated, but for new buildings it will often be possible to find an existing building, which is very similar to the planned
building, and therefore this one can be measured instead.
DS 439:2009
Table V 2.5.4- Hot water units and their energy requirements for use when performing calculations using formula
(2.5.4)
homes with one bathroom homes with two bathrooms
hot water unit energy hot water unit energy requirement kWh
requirement kWh
bathroom 1 bathroom 2
bath tub or shower (v — 1) 4,36 bath tub or (v=1) 4,36 (v=1) 2,18 or 1,70
shower
sink not included sink 0,70 (v=1) or0,70
bidet not included bidet 0,81 (v=1) or0,81
kitchen not included kitchen not included
2.5.2.1.4a Dimensioning of heat exhanger alone

The maximum effective power during tapping of hot water - defined as the maximum 1-minuteexchanger can be
determined by the following formula:
Pmax = 1.19 * N _ 18.8 * N + 1.76
where
N is the number of normal apartments.
The formula is depicted in figure V 2.5.5 and can be directly used for dimensioning of flow water heaters.
Table V 2.5.6 shows both the dimensioning powers and the computational daily consumption.
20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Number of normal apartments
Figure V 2.5.5 – Dimensioning power for hot water (maximum 1-minute-value,

heating 45-10 = 35°C) as a function of the number of normal apartments based on formula (2.5.5}
The chart can be used directly for dimensioning of flow water heaters.
DS 439:2009
Table V 2.5.6 - Dimensioning powers and computational daily consumption for flow water heaters
tapping programs and powers
number of normal apartments 1 2 4 8 11 16 22 32 44 64 88 128
daily energy consumption 17,4 29.8 52,4 94,4 124,8 174,2 232,4 328,4 441,6 627,8 849,2 1 215,0
(kWh) – per apartment [kWh] 17,4 14.9 13,1 11,8 11,3 10,9 10,6 10,3 10,0 9,8 9,7 9,5
duration of tapping program [h] 3,7 4,3 4,9 5,5 5,7 5,9 6,1 6,3 6,4 6,6 6,7 6,8
max. power: 10 min. [kW] 26.5 35,7 48,7 67,9 79,9 97,6 116,5 144,8 175,7 222,8 274,8 355,3
max. power: 1 min. [kW] - per 37.6 46,6 60,0 80,3 93,0 112,0 132,0 162,0 195,0 244,0 299,0 383,0
apartment [kW] 37,6 23,3 15,0 10,0 8,5 7,0 6,0 5,1 4,4 3,8 3,4 3,0
2.5.2.1.4 b Dimensioning of hot water containers with built-in spiral for district heating
Dimensioning of containers with built-in spiral is based on a large number of computer simulations, of which the
results are depicted in Figure V 2.5.7. The diagram is based on the following conditions:
• An average cooling on the district heating side can be achieved, which with approximation, is equal to the
dimensioning cooling.
• In practical operation with hot water temperature 50-55°C and for moderate circulation pipe losses, primary
return temperatures can be achieved in the area around 40°C on average.
• The container volume is the container’s actual volume measured from the bottom edge of the heat
exchanger to the outlet nozzle.
• The effective power is incl. 0,15 kW circulation loss per apartment.
• The container power is defined as the effective power, which implies that there should be a deposit
supplement.
The power is further defined as the continuous performance at 10/45°C on the domestic water side. The
primary side's temperature is based on 60°C flow temperature and 40°C return flow temperature.
PV-curves for hot water containers with built-in spiral for district heating
Container [l/apt.]
Figure V 2.5.7 – Dimensioning diagram for hot water containers with built-in spiral.
The diagram shows the correlation between the power required per normal apartment, effective container
volume per normal apartment and the number of normal apartments
Dimensioning of the exchanger

The circulation pipe’s heat loss minus 0.15 kilowatt per apartment is added to the necessary power. The built-in
exchanger is now dimensioned with current dimensioning primary temperatures and 10/45°C on the domestic
water side and corresponding to the exchanger’s stationary performance.
DS 439:2009
The power can be determined by testing according to Technological Institute, Heating and Installation Engineering,
1985: Testing of water heaters, test bench and test methods.
Dimensioning of the container

Do not take into account that the container in daily operations is set to run at higher temperatures than 45°C.
2.5.2.1.4 c Dimensioning of systems with charging circuit or containers with built-in heat exchanger supplied from
boilers
Systems with charging circuit, i.e. with external heat exchanger can be dimensioned by using the chart in Figure V
2.5.8. Dimensioning is performed for heating of domestic water at 55-45°C. Loss through circulation of hot water is
not included.
When using the diagram, the following conditions apply:
The container’s volume is the actual volume of the container for containers with built-in exchanger measured from
the bottom edge of the exchanger. An addition to the container’s height of 15 cm is recommended for the sake of
the separation layer’s thickness and the heating pipe.
The dimensioning diagram includes charging circuit systems where circulation is not flowing through the hot water
container and where the hot water container is top-filled and all systems are supplied from boilers where it is a
condition that the power, corresponding to Figure V 2.5.8, can be transferred to the container.
Power and volume are shown at 45"C in the chart.
PV-curves for charging circuit systems or containers with built-in exchanger supplied from boilers
£
é
L
U
2 4 60 8 10 120
0 0 Container 0 0
[l/apt.]
Figure V 2.5.8 – Dimensioning diagram for systems with charging circuit (container with external heat
exchanger) or for systems supplied from boilers with internal or external heat exchanger
The diagram shows the correlation between the power required per normal apartment, effective container volume
per normal apartment and the number of normal apartments.
Dimensioning the exchanger

 For installations with external heat exchanger and top-filled container, dimensioning is performed with an
adequate temperature difference between supply and hot water. The circulation pipe’s influence is
subsequently calculated as a separate water flow.
 For systems supplied from boilers with built-in heat exchangers, a cooling of max. 15°C in the boiler/heat
exchanger circuit is expected and a difference between mean primary forward and back and T vmln of max.
22°C, which then must be reduced, corresponding to a suitable deposit. A power is supplemented
equivalent to the circulation pipe’s heat loss.
DS 439:2009
Dimensioning of the container

For containers with temperatures of more than 45°C, the container size can be calculated as:
Veff = 35/T – 10 * V45
where V45 is the measured volume indicated in figure V 2.5.8.

DS 439:2009
3 Resource consumption
3.1 General
The water Installation is installed taking into account sufficiently low resource consumption.
Emphasis should be given to reducing both water consumption and energy and material consumption.
The requirement applies to both the execution of the installation as well as its operation and maintenance.
3.2 Measurement of water consumption

Water installations must be installed so that the total consumption of cold water can be measured and thus the
consumption of hot water is prepared for measurement /20/.
System with fire hydrants and sprinkler systems are installed with their own separate pipe network without meter.
From systems without meters, water can only be taken in cases of fire, except for the consumption needed for testing
the system and possible renewal of the water.
Where meters are not required in connection with the execution of the installation, the installation is installed so that
meters may subsequently be installed without major changes to the installation, possibly by insertion of a fitting.
3.2.1 Measurement in buildings
3.2.1.1 Consumption of cold water

In all buildings connected to public water supply systems, water meters are installed.
A building consisting of several condominiums, is in this context considered a building.

Installation is performed by the landowner at his/her expense at a site approved by the public water supply. The
meters are provided by the public water supply and remain the public water supply’s property.
3.2.1.2 Consumption of hot water

In new construction the water installation must be prepared for installation of meters for measuring the consumption
of hot water for the entire building.
3.2.2 Measurement in apartments and the like
3.2.2.1 Consumption of cold and hot water

Please refer to section 1.4.8.2.
3.2.3 Requirements for meters

Meters that are installed for measurement of cold or hot water shall be in accordance with the provisions regarding
cold water meters, respectively, hot water meters, as determined by DSTA.
In new construction, only type approved and verified meters must be installed.
Meters that were in operation on August 1st, 1998, can still be used even though they are not type approved and
verified. Meters that have been taken down, which are reinstalled, must be calibrated and re-verified at an accredited
laboratory.
3.2.4 Dimensioning of water meter

Meter size is determined so that the meter can operate satisfactorily under normal conditions of continuous
operation.
3
A water meter’s size is denoted by Qn, which is the flow in m /h, at which the water meter is operating satisfactorily
under normal conditions of continuous operation.
43 (da)
DS 439:2009
Meter size is usually selected based on size of pressure loss over water meter by the dimension-giving water flow.
The biggest pressure loss in the meter should normally not exceed 0.4 bar (40 kPa) by the dimension-giving water
flow. This ensures that the flow volume is less than the flow volume at which the meter can briefly work satisfactorily
without being damaged.
For impeller meters, which are the most common type, the meter size can be selected using the curve sheet in figure
V 3.2.1, The curve sheet is indicative, as there may be deviations from brand to brand. The curve sheet is not
applicable to dry-running impeller meters, Woltman meters, etc.
It is noted that according to 4.4.1 a non-return valve is required immediately before or in the meter. When positioning
the meter, one should expect a small increase in pressure loss in the meter.
The final meter size is determined for all types of meters of the public water supply. The water meter is the public
water supply’s property.
pressure loss in bar
20 30
flow in m3/h
flow in l/s
Figure V 3.2.1 – Pressure loss in impeller meters as a function of water flow

For the dimension-giving water flow, the pressure must normally not exceed 0,4 bar (40 kPa).
3.2,5 Meter location

The meter is placed in the building immediately after the ground pipe’s insertion or in measuring manhole on the
ground pipe. The meter is placed, so that it is easy to read and replace, and is protected against frost, accidental
heating, mechanical external influences and corrosion.
The meter is usually placed between two shutoff valves that must have the same dimension as the connected pipes,
and a drain valve is placed after the water meter between the two shut-off valves. Shut-off valves should not cause
turbulence or corrosion.
The installation is designed so that the meter can be removed from the installation, for example, by flexible pipe
stretches or for installation of expansion piece.
Placement of meter in buildings or in measuring well is agreed upon with the public water supply.
44 (da)
DS 439:2009
Meter location with free distances required for reading the meter is shown in Figure V 3.2.2.
Necessary lengths for expansion when removing the meter are shown in Figure V 3.2.3.
The meter is installed so that the flow conditions in the pipes do not impair measurement accuracy.
For meters with dimensions of 50 mm or more, there must be a length of pipe before the meter of at least 10 x the
meter dimension. On this length of pipe, it will be possible to place valves, that in a fully open position do not give rise
to turbulence, e.g. free-flow valves. Pipe length between meter and valves should be at least 2 x meter dimension.
Figure V 3.2.2 - Meter location in building with the Figure V 3.2.3 – Meter location with indication of
free distances that are necessary for reading and necessary lengths for expansion and for
replacing meter dismantling of meter. Schematically set up
3.3 Water-saving measures
3.3.1 Unnecessary water consumption

Water installations must be installed so that unnecessary water consumption is avoided /18/.
Unless the drainage installation is installed specifically for small toilet flushing volumes, the flushing water volume
should not be selected lower than 6 l. Urinals and the like, should not receive a larger flushing water volume than
necessary to ensure effective flushing.
Water installations, from which tapping happens automatically, should be installed so that the tapping is managed by
the need for flushing.
Automatic flushing of urinals can be performed, on condition that the water volume per urinal is limited (normally
max. 20 l per hour), and that the system is automatically disconnected outside of the usage time. Flushing can, for
example, be managed by photo cells or switches.
3.3.2 Water consumption for special purposes

Use of water for irrigation purposes and industrial processes etc., requires special permission from the authorities,
and supply can only be expected to the extent that the waterworks’ capacity allows.
The water supplied from the waterworks, is primarily meant for domestic purposes, personal hygiene, wash and
cleaning etc.
45 (da)
DS 439:2009
Permission to use water for special technical systems that use water to a larger extent, and which don’t require water
of a high hygienic quality, can be given on condition that water-saving measures be implemented for, for example,
recycling of water.
Permission can be given to use water for cooling, if the cooling system is equipped with a cooling tower or the like,
and the water consumption is limited to priming water that serves as after-fill for the evaporation that occurs during
the operation of the cooling system.
3.3.2.1 Rainwater systems for use of rainwater for toilet flushing and washing machines
Rainwater systems are designed according to a number of overall requirement specifications. Please refer to /8/.
In Pipe Center instruction 003, use of rainwater for toilet flushing and washing machines in homes, there is a detailed
guideline on design and installation of rainwater systems.
3.3.3 Unwanted temperature increase

Installations for cold water are installed so that no unwanted temperature increase occurs on the cold water.
Cold water pipes are insulated according to DS 452, Standard for thermal insulation of technical installations.
3.3.4 Unwanted temperature decrease

Installations for hot water are installed so that no unwanted temperature decrease occurs on the hot water.
Hot water pipes are insulated according to DS 452, Standard for thermal insulation of technical installations.
3.3.5 Water wastage due to leakage and repairs etc.

Water installations must be installed so that water wastage due to leakage can be discovered /25/.
Non-visible installations, where leakages can not be discovered, are installed so that it is easy to perform an
inspection of the system’s density, for example, through a density test with water. The requirement also applies to
pipes in the ground.
Water wastage caused by repair and maintenance work is limited to a reasonable degree.
Installation elements are positioned so that they can easily be repaired and maintained.
Shut off valves and drain valves should be installed to such an extent that water spillage, when emptying in
connection with repair and maintenance work, is limited.
Hot water containers should be shut off, but in such a way that the water’s expansion is not impeded,
Fittings, such as safety and non-return valves, which require regular repair and maintenance, are positioned so that
water wastage is limited.
For hot water containers with a water content of more than 300 I, the safety valve should be placed over the top of the
hot water container, and the non-return valve is placed between 2 shut-off valves.
For hot water containers with a water content of 300 l or less, the non-return valve and shut-off valves can together
be replaced by an adjustable non-return valve.
3.3.6 Preventing misuse
.By tapping points where the risk of unnecessary water consumption is high, the installation is installed so that water
consumption for use is limited.
Limiting water consumption relates to showers, etc., in bathrooms, in schools, swimming pools, businesses,
campgrounds, marinas, etc.
The water flow at the individual showers is limited to the size needed for proper function. With appropriately designed
tapping points, this can often be achieved.
46 (da)
DS 439:2009
Water consumption by showers in public pools and the like is limited by an automatic reduction of tapping time at each
tapping point. Central operation of several showers should only take place where there is assurance that all showers are
used simultaneously. Setting the desired temperature is done easily and quickly, for example, by means of thermostatically
controlled mixed fittings.
3.4 Materials and collection methods
Water systems must be made out of materials, etc., that, taking into account the installation method and use of resources,
have sufficient durability /2/.
3.4.1 Corrosion resistance etc.

Water systems must be installed so that influences from the surroundings do not harm the water system. Water systems
should be made out of suitably corrosion-resistant materials.
The aim is that as much of the installation as possible be designed as replaceable, with regard to maintenance,
repair and changes to the use of the building.
Installation components that are positioned in such a way that they are not replaceable, must be of such quality that they
can last as long as the building or the part of the building where they are located. See also BYG-ERFA Sheet No. 05 04 10,
Corrosion in water systems - threaded joints of galvanized steel, and BYG-ERFA Sheet No. 05 06 27, Domestic Water
Installations - piping materials..
Materials and assemblies must be selected while taking into account the current water quality and installation method.
Assemblies should not be used in non-replaceable installations in buildings. Built-in fixtures can be used if delivered with
assemblies for pipe connections and a leakage protection box, which ensures that any leakage can be discovered on the
fixture or through an empty pipe.
The use of built-in fixtures assumes that the function of the fixture and its components for ensuring density and notification
of leakage, is documented in accordance with accepted test methods. Table V 3.4.1 provides examples of suitable pipe
materials with regard to corrosion problems in different water qualities, uses and replaceability. The mentioned overview of
limiting water qualities does not take into account that these materials can give off too much metal in relation to the drinking
water requirements.
Table V 3.4.1 b indicates some types of water, which cause special corrosion problems.
Copper and galvanized steel can be used in the same pipe system, provided that all parts of steel are placed before parts
of copper in the flow direction.
The installation is performed so that the risk of water containing copper flowing back into the pipes and containers made
out of steel, etc., is minimal. Transitional pieces can be built in, like for example, ion traps in the form of so-called ’pig tails’,
which prevents natural circulation of water. The transitional piece may be made out of a suitable plastic material. See also
BYG-ERFA Sheet No. 94 10 21. Large parts of brass and gunmetal may give off copper in quantities that are harmful to the
galvanized steel pipes, and therefore it is recommended to also build in ion traps in the transition from galvanized steel
pipes to bigger parts of brass and gunmetal, e.g. distribution pipes.
Copper must be able to expand freely, so that temperature fluctuations do not result in corrosion fatigue.
Temperature fluctuations will occur in, for example, hot water pipes without circulation or with time-limited circulation.
The system must be dimensioned and executed so that the materials are not destroyed by turbulence corrosion. For
copper pipes, the speed must not exceed the values specified in Table V 3.4.1 c.
For regulation of any circulation pipes, it should be ensured that the circulation is efficient and uniform. In a regulated
circulation system of galvanized steel with electrolytic protection, the speed should be at least 0.05 to 0.1 m/s.
Since impurities in pipes, etc., result in an increased risk of corrosion, there should be, before use of new construction and
after repairs have been performed on an installation, an effective flushing of the installation so that all impurities are
removed.
Out of consideration for corrosion risks, the period from the first water filling until use, should be as short as possible.
Flushing the installation is carried out at regular intervals (approximately 1 time per month), until the installation is used.
Electrolysis systems are put into operation at the same time as the installation and adjusted according to the water
consumption.
47 (da)
DS 439:2009
Valves, pipe fittings, fixtures, meters, water meters, containers etc., in the pipe system, are installed with water-affected
parts made out of material that has sufficient corrosion resistance. Valves etc., made out of dezincification-resistant brass
or gunmetal, is considered to have adequate corrosion resistance. Where water has a low chloride content compared to
the transient roughness, regular brass can be used. Replaceable tapping and mixing valves of ordinary brass may be used.
Table V 3.4.1 d provides examples of suitable combinations of materials in systems for hot water production and
subsequent pipe installations, taking into account water quality.
Table V 3.4.1 e provides indicative examples of collection methods for replaceable water pipes in buildings and
for water pipes in the ground. Please also refer to BYG-ERFA Sheet No. 07 05 01, Galvanized water pipes - corrosion and
corrosion in new systems.
48 (da)
DS 439:2009
Table V 3.4.1 a - Examples of suitable pipe materials for water pipes, taking into account corrosion problems in
various water qualities, uses and replaceability
1
use
material water quality in ground inside building
replaceable non-replacea replaceable non-replacea

ble ble
5 5
SG-iron asphalted pH > 6,5 k) k) k -
5 5
cemented aggressive k) k) k -
carbon dioxide < 2 mg/l
Hot dip galvanized steel HCO3< 300 mg/l

HC03> 100 mg/l
2+ 4 5 6 4 6
DSEN 10240 Ca > 20 mg/l Vk ) ) ) - vk ) ) -
or equivalent standards pH > 7,0
2-
CI- + 2SO4 /HCO3 <1
ions indicated in mmol/l

s s
Copper 7,5 < pH < 9 vk vk vk vk
DS/EN 1254-1
DS/EN 1057
SS 145015
8 5 2
Stainless steel Cl"<150 mg/l > vk > vk vk )
AISI 316,
equivalent or better
7 7
PVC k k k) k)
PEL
PEH
PEM
7 7
PEX3) vk k vk ) k)
1) k = cold water, vk = hot water and cold water.
2) Hot water pipe protected from external moisture.
Hot water temperature should not exceed 70°C.
3) The standard does not exist. Required resistance is assumed to have been documented.
4) Use only in areas where there are documented successful experiences in terms of resistance to internal
corrosion. In installations with low and/or highly periodic water use, the material is unsuitable because of the
increased risk of pitting. This applies regardless of water quality.
5) External corrosion protection is required.
6) Hot water temperature should not exceed 70°C. In hot water there is a risk of pits, which can be counteracted
by adding Al ions through electrolysis.
7) Plastic pipe that carries water for fire fighting, must be fire protected.
8) Some brands are approved for chloride content up to 250 mg/l.
BEMÆRK - 1 mmol/l for the individual ions corresponds to:
For chloride: 35 mg/l
For hydrogene: 61 mg/l
For sulphate: 98 mg/l
49 (da)
DS 439:2009
Table V 3.4.1 b – Water quality that causes special corrosion problems

1
water quality ) limitations in use
pH <7 Galvanized steel should not be used
alkalinity (HCO-3) < 100 mg/l
2+ 2
Ca < 20 mg// )
alkalinity (HCO-3 > 300 mg/l Galvanized steel should not be used
aggressive carbon dioxide > 2 mg/l Galvanized steel should not be used
-2
Cl" + 2SO Galvanized steel should not be used
------------- ~> 1 measured in mmol/l
HCO3
pH < 7 and hydrogene content is less than sulphate copper can pit
content measured in mol/l
HCO:
-------2-<1
SOj-
alkalinity (HC03) > 240 mg/l After being idle for 12 hours, copper release in the tubes
may exceed 2 mg/l
high chloride content in relation to the transient brass can dezincify
roughness Dezincification-resistant alloys can be used
-
Cl > 150 mg/l increased corrosion risk for stainless steel
high conductivity (> 100 mS/m) magnesium anode can be used but corrodes quickly.
Risk of odors and hydrogen development
low conductivity (< 30 mS/m) magnesium anode in untreated steel container can only
be used for specially suitable structures or through
insertion of multiple anodes
very low conductivity (< approx. 10 mS/m) electrolysers and enameled containers with anode can
not be used
1) Information on water quality can be obtained from the waterworks.
2) Corresponds to the transient roughness from calcium having to be above 0.5 mmol/l {2.8° dH German roughness
degrees).
50 (da)
DS 439:2009
Table V 3.4.1 c – Maximum speeds in water pipes made out of copper with regard to
corrosion
1
water pipe installation area highest justifiable speed in m/s
2
cold water hot water
<25 °C <70°C
pipe with continuous flow replaceable and non-replaceable 2,0 0,5
e.g. circulation pipe distribution pipes
pipe with total flow > 6 hours replaceable and non-replaceable 2,0 1,3
per day distribution pipes and coupling pipes
pipe with total flow > 6 hours replaceable distribution pipe and no limits
per day coupling pipe
non-replaceable distribution pipe 2,0 1,3

distribution pipe 4,0 4,0
1) In extremely adverse conditions, turbulence corrosion can occur, e.g. due to corrosive water, poor
geometry at branches, valves, solder joints, etc., air pockets in pipes, relatively long duration of flow.
2) At higher temperatures, the speeds should be reduced by at least 25 per cent.
51 (da)
DS 439:2009
Table V 3.4.1 d - Examples of suitable materials for systems for hot water production with
regard to water quality
1 2
system for hot water production requirements for subsequent pipe installation
water quality
2
heating surface containr galvaniz galvanized coppe stainless plastic
ed steel steel +r steel
electrolysis
3 4
cap container or steel + conductivity +) 0 +) + +
container with magnesium anode > 30 mS/m
inserted heating steel + electrolysis conductivity + + 0 0 0
surface made out of > 10 mS/m
copper, enamelled 3 5 5
steel pipe or stainless steel, enamelled with conductivity +) - +) +) +
steel anode > 10 mS/m
3 5 5
steel, plastic-coated no special +) - +) +) +
1
requirements )
copper-lined steel pH > 7,5 - - + + +
stainless steel no special + 0 + + +
6
requirements )
flow water heaters copper pH > 7,5 - - + + +
7 7
stainless steel no special
6
+) +) + + +
requirements )
Legend:
+ The combination is right.
- The combination can not be used.
0 The combination can be created, but is normally not required.
1) Plastic coatings are assumed to be impermeable.
2) If heating takes place with electric heating coil or heating coil, one should take into account the corrosion conditions that
are temperature-dependent. Materials must at least be as reported in Table V 3.4.1 a.
3) If the container is equipped with copper heating surface, galvanized steel pipes can subsequently not be used.
4) Maintenance of the anode is very important.
5) The risk of galvanic corrosion at spigots. The risk may be minimized by using non-conductive transitional piece, e.g.
plastic transitional piece that is approved for hot water.
6) Material and construction is adapted to water quality. Steel quality similar to AISI 316 or better.
7) If heat exchanger is copper brazed, galvanized steel pipes can subsequently not be used.
52 (da)
DS 439:2009
Table V 3.4.1 e - Indicative examples of assembly methods for pipes and fittings for replaceable
water pipes in buildings and water pipes in soil
material assembly method
pipe fitting hard soft mech
solde solder anical rubber
threaded assembly
1 1
ring ing asse ring
flange assembly
mbly assem
bly
lead cast
bonding
welding
cast iron cast iron - - - - - jb - jb
2
galvanized steel galvanized soft castings - - - - - - jb b -
stainless steel stainless steel - - - - jb - - - -
3
copper copper or copper alloy ib jb jb ) - jb - - jb -
PVC plastic or metal - - - jb jb jb - ib -
PEL plastic or metal - - - - jb - - - -
PEM jb - jb - - - -
PEH jb - - - jb -
PEX metal - - - - - - - -
Legend:
b: Usable in building
j: Usable in soil
1) Soldering performed as capillary soldering.

2) See limitations in Table V 3.4.1 a.
3) For dimension > 35 mm, copper pipes can be welded.
4) Mechanical assemblies in soil must be dezincification-resistant.
3.4.2 Utilizing supply pressure

Water systems are dimensioned so that the supply pressure is utilized in the best way for the sake of material
consumption.
You should not use larger pipe dimensions than necessary to ensure fulfillment of the requirements stated in Section 2.
One can take building expansions into consideration, for example, through ample dimensioning of pipes that are difficult to
replace.
3.5 Energy consumption

3.5.1 Measurement
Water Installations are installed so that energy consumption in connection with the operation of the installation can be
measured, or so that metering equipment can be installed for this purpose in a simple way.
Measurements can help to enable an effective and energy efficient operation.
Examples of sizes, which should be measurable, include hot water consumption and electricity consumption for pump
operation. The requirement is not applicable to single-family houses, pursuant to the Building Regulations.
3.5.2 Pressure booster systems
The pressure booster system is designed so that the pressure only increases to the extent that is needed.
53 (da)
DS 439:2009
Pressure booster systems are designed to take into account both the size of the pressure increase as well as the time
during which the pressure increase occurs.
Pressure booster systems are controlled automatically and designed so that the pressure only increases during periods
when supply pressure is too low to ensure an adequate supply.
Pressure booster systems should have a high degree of efficiency in the entire operating range. The pressure should only
be increased in the part of the installation that needs it.
Water systems, in which pressure increases are performed, are installed for a sufficiently low pressure loss in the
installation.
As a condition for dimensioning, a low pressure loss in the conduction system is expected (such as an average pressure
loss per m of pipe of 2-4 kPa/m).
Fixtures are used in low pressure group.
3.5.3 Hot water installations

Hot water Installations are executed in such a manner that the energy consumption during operation is sufficiently low.
Execution of the hot water installation is for the purpose of reducing energy consumption, for example, by:
- Reducing heat loss to surroundings
- Reducing energy losses when tapping water with too low a temperature
- Reducing energy consumption during possible pump circulation
- Using water-saving design of fixtures
- Automatically controlling hot water temperature
- Using electric heating cables where this leads to less energy consumption than, for example, circulation.
Heat loss to surroundings

Pipe systems for hot water are insulated so that heat loss is kept as low as possible. Regarding requirements for insulation,
please refer to DS 452, Code of practice for thermal insulation of technical installations.
Hot water pipes are placed in such a manner that heat loss benefits the building.
Energy loss when tapping

Energy loss when tapping, which occurs when the hot water at the start of tapping has too low a temperature, is kept as low
as possible.
The lost amount of energy depends on the nature of the tapping point and the pattern of use, and of how much water is to
be collected, before the temperature is adequate. The loss can be kept low by using short pipes with a small diameter or by
performing circulation. For rarely used tapping points and/or by tapping points where large quantities of water are collected
in tubs or the like, the energy loss is considered to be small, so that circulation can be omitted.
Energy consumption during pump circulation

Where it is necessary to use pump circulation in hot water installations, select a pump with an energy consumption that is
as low as possible. Energy consumption can be limited by only maintaining the circulation during the periods where there is
a need for it. The pump can, for example, be controlled by a timer. Dimensioning must take into account the appropriate
low speed in copper pipes and adequate high speeds (0.05 to 0.1 m/s) in galvanized steel pipes that are protected against
corrosion through the use of electrolysis.
The total energy loss

To assess the need for circulation, a calculation is presented of total energy consumption derived from heat losses, energy
losses during collection as well as pump circulation, so that it can be assessed whether the circulation leads to energy
savings.
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3.5.4 Hot water temperature

Out of consideration for the heat loss to the surroundings, the hot water temperature is kept at as low a level as possible.
For adequate hot water temperatures in terms of functionality and comfort, see 4.6.4.
For recommended hot water temperatures in terms of the risk of germs and bacteria growth, see 2.5.1.
3.5.5 Water heaters

Water heaters are installed so that the received energy is utilized in the best way, among other things, by taking into
account the selected heating method.
Water Heaters are insulated according to DS 452, Code of practice for thermal insulation of technical installations;
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DS 439:2009
4. Protection against hazards, damage and inconveniences

4.1 General
Water Installations are installed so that they do not cause danger or inconvenience for people and pets or damage to
goods, such as other building components and installations and other elements in the building and associated land area
/1/.
4.1 Conditions
4.2.1 The quality of the added water
Water that is added to drinking water installations, is assumed, in physical, chemical and bacteriological terms, to meet the
requirements that the Ministry of the Environment sets for drinking water /14/.
Rainwater systems with water from certain roof areas, may be used for toilets and washing machines in homes and
residential buildings. With regard to the requirement specifications for these systems, please see /8/. Rainwater systems
are installed according to the Technology Institute’s Pipe Center-instruction 003, Use of rainwater for toilet flushing and
washing machines in homes.
A water installation that is connected to a regular water supply (public or private municipal waterworks) must not
simultaneously be associated with other water extraction plants such as emergency supply plants, rainwater systems and
single facilities.
Water from water supply systems, which are subject to regulatory supervision, is assumed to be satisfactory.
For emergency supply established between two water extraction systems, in the event that one or the other water supply
fails, the connection is established in such a way that the two systems can not directly be connected with each other.
4.2.2 Water quality at tapping points

Water that is drained from water systems must meet the requirements for drinking water set by the Ministry of the
Environment. When using rainwater in toilets and washing machines in homes, the above-mentioned applies.
Systems for changing the water’s chemical or bacteriological quality may only be placed in the water installation after being
authorized by the authority, and only if the treated water is used solely for technical purposes, or the system
meets the requirements of the building regulations. Refer to / 6/ and Orientation from the EPA No. 6, 2004.
Installations for water for industrial use or installations that for other reasons result in the requirements for drinking water
quality not being met, are marked in such a way so as to avoid misuse /21/.
Systems only used for heating of water, aluminum and magnesium anodes, electrolytic plants and certain unrefined
mechanical filters are deemed only to affect water quality to a lesser extent during proper operation.
Pipes to treated water are marked with special color or according to DS 134, Colors, and distinguishing letters on pipes for
use on drawings and pipe systems. Tapping fixtures and apparatus are marked "Not Drinking Water '
Water for washing machines and dishwashers - also for ordinary households - are regarded as water for technical
use when the treated water is used exclusively for these devices.
Release of copper into drinking water from copper pipes

Copper releases a certain amount of copper into the drinking water depending on the occurring water quality. Use of
copper pipes in drinking water installations therefore requires careful consideration when designing the pipe system based
on the knowledge of water quality and consumption pattern.
Assessment of acceptable length of copper pipes

Water installations are dimensioned and executed so as to achieve a satisfactory water supply at each tapping point while
taking into account the supply conditions and the installation’s and the building’s use and water consumption.
Consideration should be given to water temperature and retention time in the water installation not affecting the quality of
the drinking water unacceptably.
Hot water systems are installed so that the hot water, at a water flow of 0.2 l/s, reaches frequently used tapping points
easily without delay. If an adequate waiting time for the hot water of a maximum of 10 seconds is used, the following table
can work as a guideline for the length of a copper pipe, which has been completely emptied for water that remained still in
the copper pipe.
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The waiting time is calculated as:

2 3
r=n/4*dl * L/0.2 * 10
where
r is the waiting time in seconds
dl is the pipe’s inner diameter in mm
L is the pipe’s length in meters
Use of these guidelines will limit the concentration of copper in the intake of drinking water projected as the weekly
average.
waiting time approximate length of copper pipe that is emptied in r seconds in the dimensions
(outer diameter x thickness in mm):
sec. 10x0,8 12x1,0 15x1,0 18x1,0 22x1,0 28x1,2
1 3,6 m 2,5 m 1,5 m 1,0 m 0,6 m 0,4 m
2 7,2 m 5,1 m 3,0 m 2,0 m 1,3 m 0,8 m
3 11 m 7,6 m 4,5 m 3,0 m 1,9 m 1,2 m
4 14 m 10 m 6,0 m 4,0 m 2,5 m 1,6 m
5 18 m 13 m 7,5 m 5,0 m 3,2 m 1,9 m
6 22 m 15 m 9,0 m 6,0 m 3,8 m 2,3 m
7 25 m 18 m 10 m 7,0 m 4,5 m 2,7 m
8 29 m 20 m 12 m 8,0 m 5,1 m 3,1 m
9 33 m 23 m 14 m 9,0 m 5,7 m 3,5 m
10 36 m 25 m 15 m 10,0 m 6,4 m 3,9 m
Waiting time for "emptying" of copper pipes, dependent on pipe diameter and pipe length
If the stretch of pipe consists of partial sections with different diameters, the waiting time is calculated as the sum of waiting
times for each stretch of pipe, and all waiting times are calculated for 0.2 l/s, regardless of whether one part of the stretch
of pipe might be a distribution pipe that is dimensioned for a higher flow.
4.3 Damages
4.3.1 Ruptures
Water systems must be designed in such a way that there is no risk of ruptures /9/. Water systems must be designed so as
to avoid damaging pressure and pressure shocks /9/.
Water systems are made out of materials and components that can withstand the highest pressure that can occur in the
system, but at least 1000 kPa.
For systems that are in an unblockable connection with the atmosphere, the pressure is set individually. This applies to, for
example, containers where there is no shut-off option after the container.
Heating of water must take place so that no harmful pressure arises.
Heating of water must take place in such a way that the water temperature usually does not exceed 95°C.
For water heaters, safety valves are installed and dimensioned so that the pressure can not exceed the pressure, which
the container and the system is intended for. The safety valves’ function must be easily controlled by manual control of a
weight or spring-loaded arm or the like.
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Safety valves are installed and placed so that the risk of calcificaton, dirt, etc., that hinders proper function, is small. Safety
valves are normally placed on the cold water inlet near the water heater, and so that there are no shut-off valves, control
valves or other constrictions between the water heater and the safety valve.
Safety valve may be omitted for containers that are in an un-blockable connection with the atmosphere through a pipe
connection with necessary opening.
For non-pressure-resistant flow water heaters and containers, shut off valves, control valves or other constrictions must not
be placed on the outlet pipe.
For water heaters, where the water temperature can exceed 100°C, protection is established according to specific rules
established by the Danish Working Environment Authority.
Outlets from safety valves are installed and placed so that the blow-capability is not reduced, and so that drainage of
excess water can take place visibly and hazard-free.
The outlet pipe from the safety valve must not be blocked. Normally, the outlet pipe should have at least the same
dimension as the safety valve’s open end. It must not be installed directly on the drain pipe, but instead, for example, end
up freely and visibly over the floor drain’s water table or freely and visibly over funnel or other installation element with a
corresponding water trap.
The pressure booster system is installed so that the pressure can not exceed the test pressure.
The pressure booster system is equipped with automatic shutoff, which is triggered at a pressure that is less
than or equal to the test pressure, and at a pressure on the suction side of less than 100 kPa.
The pressure booster system is equipped with easy to read pressure gauges.
If using positive displacement pumps (e.g. piston pumps), the authority may require special measures, such as safety
valves to ensure against impermissible pressures.
Water systems are installed so as to avoid generating explosive gases.
In water systems with electrolysis systems, overtreatment of water can cause a development of hydrogen sulphide and
hydrogen (H2). The electrolytic treatment of the water must be controlled by the water consumption, if overtreatment is to
be avoided.
4.3.2 Scalding
Water systems must be installed so that the collection of water does not result in a risk of scalding, and so that
no surface temperatures occur that can cause damage to persons /24/.
Outlets from safety valves are installed so that the outflowing hot water does not pose a risk of scalding.
The requirements are deemed to have been met in housing, etc., if one of the following conditions is met:
- Installations for the production of hot water are installed so that the hot water temperature does not exceed 65°C
- Cold water is mixed in centrally so that the temperature does not exceed 65°C
- The mixture is controlled automatically
- At the individual tapping points for personal hygiene, mixing fixtures have been installed that are designed so that the
temperature of the tapped water can not exceed 65°C.
By shower seats and the like, in kindergartens and some personal care departments, mixing at the tapping points should
ensure that the temperature of the tapped water can not exceed 38°C.
Surface temperatures that can cause harm to people, are deemed not to be able to occur if the pipes and containers etc.,
are insulated in accordance with DS 452, Code of practice for thermal insulation of technical installations.
The surface temperature on any uninsulated parts of the water system should not exceed 65°C in apartments, etc., and
90°C in boiler rooms, container rooms etc.
The surface temperature of the controls on tapping fixtures should not exceed 40°C.
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DS 439:2009
You can disregard the requirement for maximum surface temperatures on coupling pipes in the same room as the tapping
fixture.
Outlets that lead to installation elements that are intended for personal hygiene, are installed so that there is no risk of
scalding.
4.4 Pollution risk

4.4.1 Ensuring the quality of drinking water
Installations for drinking water are installed so that the water that can be tapped, meets the requirements for drinking water.
Measures to protect against back-flow of treated water is adjusted according to the treated water’s health
hazard and the nature and use of the installations.
Installations for drinking water shall be designed so that water that is tapped at a tapping point, and treated water, can not
flow back to the drinking water installation /16/.
Please also refer to DS/EN 1717, Protection against pollution of drinking water in water systems and general
requirements for backflow protection.
For new systems and substantial modifications to existing installations, in order to protect water supply system against
pollution from failing backflow prevention from installation elements, water heaters, water treatment plants, rainwater
systems, etc., an appropriately approved /6//7/ backflow prevention must be installed on the distribution pipes after the
ground pipe’s insertion into the property and before branching to another pipe /15/. Refer to DS/EN
1717, Protection against pollution of drinking water in water systems and general requirements for backflow protection.
In ordinary homes, a non-return valve can be used, if necessary, installed in the property's water meter.
In installations with rainwater systems, a special backflow prevention is used, especially approved for this purpose, in
accordance with Pipe Center-instruction 003, Use of rainwater for toilet flushing and washing machines in homes.
In other installations, backflow prevention is used that has been adapted according to the treated water’s health hazard
and the nature and use of the installation.
Methods for protection against backflow are shown in Figure 4.4.1 V a and V 4.4.1 b. DS/EN 1717, Protection against
pollution of drinking water in water systems and general requirements for backflow protection, extensively describes
methods for ensuring the quality of drinking water and establishes minimum requirements for product standards for
backflow prevention.
Rainwater systems that are installed as indicated in the Technology Institute’s Pipe Center-instruction 003, Use of
rainwater for toilet flushing and washing machines in homes, are deemed to have met the requirements.
The listed devices are assumed to have been installed as follows:
1. Air gap. A clear height of at least 20 mm between the tapping valve’s outlet and the highest possible water level in the
installation element {sink, bathtub, etc..), which the tapping valve is positioned over. If the installation element is equipped
with overflow, and if this can safely carry off the greatest amount of added water, the distance may be measured to this
point. If there is overflow by the bidet, sink and kitchen sink, these are deemed not to have sufficient capacity, and the
height is therefore measured over the installation element’s upper edge.
For particularly hazardous installations such as tubs containing toxic or corrosive substances, the free height is increased
to at least 50 mm. At these particularly hazardous installations, the air gap can not be replaced by non-return valves and/or
vacuum valves.
2. Non-return valve. For installations with a particular risk, such as in laboratories and softening plants, the non-return
valve is designed or placed in such a way that its function can be controlled. This can be done by placing the non-return
valve after a shut-off valve and a drain valve. This way, unwanted backflow can be discovered. Please also refer to DS/EN
1717, Protection against pollution of drinking water in water systems and general requirements for backflow protection.
3. Vacuum Valve. The vacuum valve can be positioned either so that it usually is under pressure (high pressure vacuum
valve), or so that it is only under pressure when opening a tapping valve (low pressure vacuum valve).
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Vacuum valves are placed directly on the inlet pipe in a T-piece, whose height above the top edge of the installation
element (possibly the overflow according to the same criteria as specified under air gap) is at least 300 mm.
Lower installation height is only permitted in grouped fixtures with special approval.
Instead of vacuum valves at each installation element, a shared vacuum valve can be placed for each rising distribution
pipe. However, it is a condition that the branching of the rising distribution pipe is placed at a height of at least 300 mm
above the installation element’s upper edge.
4. Open pipe interruptor. An open pipe interruptor that is designed according to the ejector principle, is positioned at a
height of at least 20 mm above the installation element’s upper edge. Open pipe interruptors in connection with flush valves
with toilets or bedpan washers, are always placed at least 300 mm above the bowl's rim.
type description method to ensure proper function

tapping valve without thread or with outlet over installation element’s air gap
coupling on the outlet edge > 20 mm
with outlet under installation

element’s edge
non-adjustable valve on the outlet or

non-return valve on both the cold
water inlet and hot water inlet
tapping valve with thread or flush valve or fill valve

coupling on the outlet
shut-off valve for one device Approved device with built-in

backflow prevention permanently
connected to water system
water treatment plant
3
fire extinguishing system ) water-filled hoses
non-pressure-resistant plants for hot flow water heaters, directly heated

water production (e.g. electric or gas)
flow water heaters, indirectly heated

(e.g. district heating)
hot water container with max. 10 l

volume
type description method to ensure proper function
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DS 439:2009
non-pressure-resistant plants for hot hot water container with more than 10 l
1
water production volume
flow water heater, directly heated (e.g.

2
electric or gas)
flow water heater, indirectly heated,
heat medium pressure > water
1
pressure (e.g. district heating) '
flow water heater, indirectly heated,
heat medium pressure > water
2
pressure (e.g. central heating) '
volume, directly heated (e.g. electric or
gas)

1
volume
hot water container with more than 300

l volume
Figure V 4.4.1 a – Methods for protection against backflow
shut-off valve
non-return valve
non-return valve, controllable
non-return valve, adjustable
safety valve
tapping valve
vacuum valve
1) Shut-off valve and non-return valve can be replaced by an adjustable non-return valve.
2) For all pressure-resistant flow water heaters, the examples shown here assume that the heated water volume is less
than 10 l. If the volume is greater than 10 l, a shut-off valve, a non-return valve and a safety valve must always be placed on
the inlet pipe.
3) Are installed according to the rules indicated in:
- The Building Regulations
- The Danish Institute for Fire and Security Technology’s fire-technical guideline no. 16
- DS/EN 671-1 Hose reels with semi-rigid hoses
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pollution degree nature of pollution or risk examples of premises/ method to ensure proper
tapping points and water function
treatment plants, where risk
of pollution can occur
1 highly concentrated toxins chemical industries,
or particularly dangerous laboratories
viruses and bacteria
2 appliances and equipment, dosing apparatus in, for

in which harmful example, gardens and
substances occur or are stables
added
3 appliances and equipment water closets, urinals,
in which viruses, bidets, bedpan washers,
pathogenic bacteria, faeces washing machines and
or urine occurs dishwashers in hospitals
4 substances that only in hardening and softening

larger quantities are health plants, household
hazards (chlorides, equipment, cleaning
sulphates, nitrates, equipment
detergents, etc.)
5 non-hazardous substances cisterns, bathtubs, sinks,
which cause periodically unused
inconveniences in terms of, installations, fire fighting
for example, discoloration, systems
bad odor or taste {iron and
manganese compounds,
algae, non-pathogenic
bacteria, etc.)
Figure V 4.4.1 b – Methods to ensure proper function dependent on the risk of pollution
4.4.2 Cleaning of installation

Before a water installation or a part of an installation is commissioned, also after repairs have been performed, the
installation is flushed with drinking water.
If the installation may have been exposed to infectious or otherwise harmful substances, measures are taken to ensure
that it is safe to use the installation. These measures are taken after agreement with the authorities. If there is a risk that
contamination has occurred, it may be necessary to disinfect the mains. This can only be done after consultation with the
authority. Subsequently, a thorough flushing of the installation is performed and it is established - possibly through
laboratory testing - that conditions are in order before the installation is used again.
It may be necessary, at regular intervals, to perform a treatment, e.g. deacidification of the hot water installations to remove
calcium deposits. The installation should only be used after adequate flushing.
4.4.3 Requirements for materials

Water systems must be made out of materials that do not release harmful substances into the water or the environment in
such quantities that pollution risks arise /28/. The requirement applies to all materials used in the installation, e.g., pipes,
fittings and gaskets.
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4.4.4 Unused installations

Parts of an installation that are no longer used, are removed from the part of the installation that is in use.
Water that is allowed to remain in water installations for a shorter or longer period of time, will change the quality. This
could be due to bacterial growth or discoloration.
The removal must be done right at the branching from the part of the installation that is in use. Parts of a water installation,
which for more than a year is expected to be unused, must be shut off and drained. This does not apply to fire fighting
installations.
Emptying of a temporarily unused installation can be done in such a way that there is no risk of contamination of the
installation.
Since the water in the fire extinguishing system only is renewed occasionally, a non-return valve is placed right where the
extinguishing system branches off from the normally used pipe system.
The non-return valve’s closing mechanisms are made out of metal or other material that is resistant to extremely high
pressures on the closing mechanism. The non-return valve may not be an adjustable non-return valve.
Draining should be done so that it can be established that the installation is completely empty.
Pipe systems that are unused for shorter periods than approx. 1/2-1 year, like for example in summer cottages, do not
need to be emptied with regard to pollution hazards. See also 4.5.8 on protection against frost.
4.4.5 Penetration of harmful substances

Where installations for drinking water can come into contact with harmful substances, the installation must be installed in
such a way, that no heath hazards can occur /17/.
Pipelines, containers, etc., for drinking water, which may come into contact with liquid or gaseous substances that
may be under higher pressure than the water supply pressure, are designed in such a manner or made of such materials
that the risk of penetration of foreign matter into the water installation through corrosion, etc., can be disregarded.
Drainage devices are installed and positioned so that polluting organisms and substances can not penetrate into the water
installation.
Pipes made of polyethylene (PE) are not sufficiently impermeable to certain hydrocarbons and can therefore not be used
as ground pipes at gas stations, garages, etc., where the leachable and percolating oil and gas can diffuse through the
pipe wall.
For distances between pipes, please refer to DS 475, Standard for the establishment of pipe systems in soil.
Water pipes must not be connected directly to the drainage systems.
Filling of water in hot water installations (central heating plants, maximum temperature 120°C) and low pressure steam
plants (Max. 120°C and max. pressure 1 bar) will normally be allowed when it is done through an adjustable non-return
valve.
Emptying to seepage well, or the like, may be permitted where there is no risk of groundwater, rising drainage water and
percolating surface water, etc., penetrating into the water installation, or if the water installation is designed so that it can be
shut off after being emptied. Emptying mechanisms must be designed so that emptying is easy to do, and takes a
sufficiently short time.
In heat exchangers (e.g. in water heaters), where pipes or containers with drinking water may come into contact with
harmful media, such as sewage, and water to which harmful substances have been added (such as antifreeze agents,
corrosion-inhibiting agents, etc.), measures are taken that can notify if due to corrosion, risks arise of harmful substances
penetrating into the drinking water.
For hot water containers, where the water pressure is greater than the pressure in the heating medium, special measures
are usually not required.
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Where the pressure in the heating medium can become greater than the water pressure, e.g. through district heating,
special measures can be implemented in terms of the quality of material and possibility for inspection and cleaning. Cap
containers made of steel without special corrosion protection may not be used in district heating plants.
In cap containers where the heat medium pressure is greater than the water pressure, a corrosion protection alone through
the use of a magnesium anode, is not considered sufficiently safe, since protection is dependent on anode replacement.
By contrast, a magnesium anode is considered to provide adequate protection in a cap container made of steel, if the heat
medium pressure is less than the water pressure as in normal central heating plants.
Where, exceptionally, the cooling of galvanic baths or the like is allowed through direct use of water that passes through
the cooling pipes in the bath, there can be no shut-off valves on the cooling water pipe after the bath, and it must
end up freely visible above the floor drain or the like.
4.4.6 Aids
If aids are used when installing water systems, such as cooling/lubricating agents and fluxes that can
cause damage to pipe installations, or which impair water quality, the aids are flushable with water and easy to remove,
and removal must be done before use.
Coolants/lubricants and fluxes are subject to the approval scheme for each product.
4.5 Protection against damage to objects

Water systems must be installed so that no damage is caused to building components, surroundings and pipe systems /4/.
4.5.1 Foundation
Water systems must be installed so that, when excavating for their installation, or during any subsequent repair or in the
permanent state, no damage occurs to the property's foundation, and the systems must be positioned in relation to the
property’s foundation so that, when excavating for the pipes along the length of the property or intersecting the property,
this does not result in a deterioration of the foundations support capacity or damage occurs as a result of deposits.
Pipes are installed so that the pipes are supported throughout their length. For pipes with sleeve joints, one must
avoid that the sleeve carries the pipe. If the soil bottom is not sufficiently sustainable, a special foundation must be made.
For changes in direction and branching. the pipe must be secured against displacement, if necessary through back-casts.
Please also refer to DS/EN 1997-1 and DS/EN 1997-2, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design and DS 430, Code of Practice for
the laying of underground flexible pipelines of plastics, and DS 475, Code of Practice for trenching for underground pipes
and cables
4.5.2 Penetrations
Water systems must be installed so that they do not give rise to fire and dispersal of smoke between fire compartments or
between fire cells /1.
When water systems are installed in or across building components, for which there are fire safety requirements,
the overall construction must be performed so that the required fire-technical separation is maintained.
Pipe penetrations in building components are performed so that the building components’ properties are not unacceptably
impaired.
This requirement relates to, for example, building components’ strength and protection against moisture and sound.
Pipe penetrations that are likely to be exposed to moisture, for example, in bathrooms, are made moisture-proof.
4.5.3 Brackets
Securing water installations to building components is performed in such a way that no damage occurs to building
components and installation parts.
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The requirement relates to the attachment of pipes, fittings and installation elements to building components, see Table V
4.5.3 a and b.
Attachment of pipes etc., to building components, may only be done to building components that can absorb the clamping
forces.
Table V 4.5.3 a – Largest distance between pipe clamps to horizontal distribution pipes
pipe size largest distance between pipe clamps on pipe made of:
mm steel m copper m PVC, PEH, PEM m PEL, PEX m
<20 2,5 1,25 0,7 0,3
25 2,5 2,5 0,9 0,4
32 2,5 2,5 1,0 0,4
40 ~~' 3,0 2,5 1,1 0,5
50 3,0 2,5 1,2 0,5
65 4,0 2,5 1,4 0,6
75 4,0 3,0 1,5 0,6
90 5,0 3,0 1,6 0,7
100 5,0 3,0 1,7 0,7
Table V 4.5.3 b - Largest distance between pipe clamps to vertical distribution pipes
pipe size largest distance between pipe clamps on pipe made of:
mm steel m copper m PVC, PEH, PEM m PEL, PEX m
<20 2,5 1,25 0,8 0,5
25 2,5 2,5 1,0 0,6
32 2,5 2,5 1,3 0,8
40 3,0 2,5 1,6 1,0
50 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,3
65 4,0 2,5 2,5 1,6
75 4,0 3,0 3,0 1,9
90 5,0 3,0 3,6 2,2
100 5,0 3,0 4,0 2,7
4.5.4 Expansion etc.

Water systems are maintained in such a way that the forces arising from temperature effects, do not cause damage to the
building components, installation parts or thee environment.
Copper pipes are ensured free expansion, so that there is no corrosion fatigue.
4.5.5 Pressure-shock
Water systems are installed so that pressure shocks etc., do not damage any building components, installation parts or the
environment.
Pressure shocks can cause pipes to break etc., and this might cause harm to the environment.
4.5.6 Flooding
Water systems must be installed so that there are adequate safeguards against spillage or leakage of water that can cause
damage to buildings /25/.
Tapping points may only be installed where there is a complete drainage installation with sufficient capacity, or where the
water can be discharged in another way or collected appropriately /26/.
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DS 439:2009
Devices with automatic water filling, that are set up in rooms without a floor drain, must have mounted or built-in adequate
protection against accidental water leakage and must be placed so that any leakage of water can be discovered /27/.
Washing machines and dishwashers for household use, which are CE-marked according to DS/EN 61770, Electric
appliances connected to the water mains - Avoidance of backsiphonage and failure of hose-sets, which are sold in
Denmark, can be placed in a room with no floor drains if they are placed on a waterproof surface that is constructed so that
outflow or leakage of water can be discovered.
Washing machines and dishwashers for household use, which are CE-marked according to DS/EN 61770, Electric
appliances connected to the water mains - Avoidance of backsiphonage and failure of hose-sets, which are sold in
Denmark, with special protection and special design to ensure that leakage of water is prevented, can be installed in rooms
without floor drains and waterproof surface.
Washing machines or dishwashers without protection against flooding, can only be set up in rooms with floor drains.
4.5.7 Condensate
Water systems must be installed so that no harmful condensation occurs.
In buildings, water systems that carry cold water, must be insulated against condensation.
insulation of visible coupling pipes against condensation can usually be omitted in the same room as the tapping point.
Insulation can be performed according to DS 452, Code of practice for thermal insulation of technical installations.
4.5.8 Frost damage

Water systems are installed so that no frost damage can occur.
Risk of frost damage can normally be avoided when the following rules are observed:
a. Pipes in soil are installed at a depth of at least 1.2 m to the top of the pipe. Pipes for sprinkler systems and other
fire extinguishing systems, however, should be installed at a depth of at least 1.4 m, as there is usually no water movement
in these pipes and the risk of frost damage is therefore higher than for normal pipes. Pipes should not be inserted into
buildings through or right by light boxes or basement stairways, but must be kept at a distance of at least
1.0 m.
b. If pipes for temporary use (construction use, allotments, garden irrigation, etc..) are placed at a non-frost-free
depth, the system must be installed so that it can be shut off and tapped off.
c. Pipes in unheated rooms should not be placed on outer walls and away from doors, windows or other
openings to the outside.
d. Pipes that may occasionally be exposed to frost for short periods should be insulated. Pipes that may be exposed to frost
for extended periods should be equipped with heating alternatives, such as electric heating cables that are put
into operation during periods of frost.
e. Installations in buildings that are periodically unused, and where there is no assurance that the building is kept
heated, should be installed so that they can be emptied.
4.5.9 Replacement and repair etc.

For the sake of subsequent replacement or repair, installations must be performed in such a way that all parts of the
installation will have the desired operational lifetime.
When determining the lifetime, one must take into account the building's function and design, as well as the way the
installation is integrated in the building.
The non-replaceable part of a pipe installation in buildings is performed without joints.
Installation parts that require inspection and maintenance or have a shorter lifetime than the building, must be replaceable.
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DS 439:2009
Installation parts, where the risk of leakage is particularly high or can not be assessed with certainty, must be performed so
that any leaks are discovered immediately.
In evaluating the lifetime of the installation and the risk of leaks, the following is taken into account:
- The materials’ resistance. Copper pipes for cold and hot water and PEX pipes and stainless steel pipes for cold
water, are considered suitable materials.
Stainless steel pipes for hot water are considered suitable with exterior protection, see table V 3.4.1 a.
- Techniques for performance of the work.
- Safety when inspecting the work.
- Extent of possible damage.
- Experiences with installation parts.
Figure V 4.5.9 – Assemblies placed replaceable and controllable
Pipes with assemblies that, with respect to density and resistance, can be considered equivalent to pipes without
assemblies, for example, factory-made installations, must be performed as non-replaceable. Density and resistance must
be documented and stated in the approval /6/ /7/.
There are several installation methods that can meet the above-mentioned standard requirements. Where risk of damage
is particularly high, hidden pipes, for example, can be put in empty pipes, which enables immediate discovery of leaks.
Non-visible assemblies can be placed in recesses or the like, for example as shown in Figure V 4.5.9, where leaks can be
discovered immediately and where inspection and repair can be performed easily.
Non-replaceable pipes made of copper in the sizes 12, 15, 18 and 22 mm, which are damaged after the installation has
been commissioned, can be repaired by using a solder assembly carried out according to specified guidelines, for
example, repair of non-replaceable copper pipes in water installations, DTI Work Instruction 9301, Danish Technological
Institute 1993.
4.5.10 Non-replaceable installations

Non-replaceable installation parts must have a lifetime corresponding to the building component’s lifetime.
Installations directly in the soil under the building are non-replaceable /29/.
67 (da)
DS 439:2009
4.5.11 Leakage-resistance
Prior to commissioning after new construction, modifications and major repairs, the installation must be tested for
leakage-resistance /3/.
Water systems must be leakage-resistant for the maximum occurring pressure, but at least 600 kPa, measured at the
installation’s lowest point.
Leakage-resistance can be tested with water pressure. The leakage-resistance test pressure must at least be the highest
occurring operating pressure.
In supply areas where it is likely that the supply pressure will be increased, the leakage-resistance test pressure should be
determined accordingly.
In special cases, the leakage-resistance test can be performed with air pressure, but no more than 50 kPa, and in
accordance with the Danish Working Environment Authority’s regulations.
4.6 Inconveniences
4.6.1 Protection against the dispersal of odors

Water systems must be performed so that they do not cause dispersal of odors.
Pipe penetrations through walls and floor separations are usually performed with odor-proof packed bushings. Where this
does not give rise to inconveniences, such as basements, the penetrations can be performed non-odor-proof.
The Building Authority requires fire-technical separation between certain types of rooms and groups of rooms.
4.6.2 Repairs and maintenance

Water systems are performed so that repairs etc., can be performed without inconvenience to other systems and users.
If the authorities do not place accessible shut-off valves on the plug line, shut-off valves will be placed on the ground pipe.
The main shut-off valve must be readily accessible and easy to operate. The location of the valve is marked in accordance
with the authority’s provisions.
Water systems are equipped with shut-off valves and drainage options to an extent that is determined while taking into
account the expected frequency and extent of the work and the installation's size and use.
Shut-off valves are placed:

- on coupling pipes to installation parts that require frequent maintenance, etc., e.g. cisterns, machinery, water
treatment plants, etc.
- on pipes to water heaters (in larger plants, also on pipes from the water heater)
- on pipes to and from the individual buildings in the installation for several buildings.
Water systems in residential buildings are performed so that frequent repairs etc., in a home, can be performed without
inconvenience to other homes.
Shut-off valves must be readily accessible and easy to operate.
The requirement will be satisfied if:

- Shut-off valves are placed on all coupling pipes, or
- Installations for each home can be shut off without the supply to other homes being interrupted.
In multi-storey buildings, shut-off valves should also be placed on all vertical distribution pipes by the branching from the
horizontal main distribution lines.
Shut-off valves should be operable without the use of special tools.
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DS 439:2009
4.6.3 Ensuring adequate cold water temperature

Water systems are performed so that an appropriate cold water temperature is present without inconvenient delay /14/.
Water systems are performed so that inconvenient overflow from the hot water to the cold water installation can not occur
/19/.
Water systems are performed so that inadvertent heating of the cold water is avoided as much as possible.
Insulation can be performed according to DS 452, Code of practice for thermal insulation of technical installations.
4.6.4 Ensuring adequate hot water temperature when tapping

Water systems are performed so that an adequate water temperature for the current function is present without
inconvenient delay /23/.
Water systems are performed so that inconvenient overflow from the cold water to the hot water installation can not occur
/19/.
The following mixing temperature for tapping obtained by mixing hot and cold water at tapping points can be considered
suitable for water for:
personal hygiene 40°C dishwashing 45°C
Regarding the temperature of the heated water, in terms of germs and bacterial growth, see 2.5.1.
For sinks, which will mainly be used for washing of hands, e.g. in toilets in offices, medical clinics, etc.,
water temperatures achieved by mixing hot and cold water at tapping points down to about 30° C can be accepted.
In laundromats, restaurant kitchens, industries etc., higher temperatures may be necessary.
Water systems are performed so that an accidental cooling of the hot water is avoided as much possible.
Pipes for hot water are insulated against heat loss according to DS 452, Code of practice for thermal insulation of technical
installations. Pipes for hot water should not be installed in particularly cold rooms (e.g., basements).
Insulation may be omitted on coupling pipes in the same room as the tapping point, if the wait is not too long. If the wait
becomes too long, circulation is performed in the hot water system.
4.6.5 Free passage

Water systems are placed in such a manner that they do not cause inconvenience
Pipes are kept at a distance from the electricity meter frames that is consistent with the provisions of the
Common Regulations for connection of electrical installations and usage elements. Please also refer to DS 1102,
Installations in building - Calculation of installation spaces for pipelines
4.6.6 Protection against noise

Water systems are performed so that they do not give rise to annoying noise.
Pressure booster systems may not cause annoying pressure fluctuations or noise in the building or neighboring properties.
The building regulations specify requirements for max. permissible noise levels in certain rooms. The provisions indicate
the possibility that compliance with the requirements can be checked through measurement.
The requirement may be satisfied by selecting appropriate fixtures, etc., and through an appropriate dimensioning,
placement and execution.
Fast-closing and quickly closable fixtures can cause pressure shocks, thereby causing noise.
Pipelines are normally installed with sound-proof packed bushings.
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DS 439:2009
4.6.7 Protection against annoying odor, taste and discoloration

Water systems are performed so that, and are made of materials whereby, water does not get an annoying odor, taste and
discoloration.
Systems for cathodic protection or electrolysis are dimensioned and operated so as not to develop malodorous gases.
Current, anode sizes etc., are tailored to the properties of the water and the size of consumption, so that the release of
aluminum does not become too big.
Vacuum valves should not be placed in rooms with an unpleasant odor.
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DS 439:2009
5 Operation and maintenance

5.1 General
All components that require care and maintenance, must be readily available and must be installed in such a way that the
work can be done in a timely and safe manner /10/.
Installation parts (fittings, appliances, containers, etc.) must be labeled so that operating method and restrictions of use are
readily understandable.
For installations for hot water production, water treatment systems, pressure boosting systems and fixtures that require
monitoring and maintenance, the clear distance on the operation side must be at least 0.6 m.
The room where the water system is located, should be arranged so that it is possible to perform replacement or repair
of components and fittings. It should be easily accessible and access paths should be planned so that the necessary
replacements of components, etc., can be performed.
5.2 Operating and maintenance instruction

There must be an adequate operating and maintenance instruction and a set of key drawings with all
measurement and control points listed /11/ and /12/.
The operating Instruction must be prepared and detailed, taking into account the water installation’s design and size
according to DS 1021, Users manual regarding service components and equipments in building.
It should also be structured so that it is easily understandable and easy to use in the daily work. Tables, diagrams and
illustrations should be used to a great extent, which can give a clear overall picture of the functions, location of components
etc.
The operating instruction should contain a table of contents, address and telephone lists, general information about the
systems and a summary of agreements affecting the operating and maintenance work.
The operating instruction should also give a briefing on the structure of the systems and the operation as well as
information on the location of the components.
5.3 Operating control

Installation parts (e.g. water treatment plants, safety valves, water heaters) are equipped with meters, components or
instruments to enable verification that the requested services are present.
One should aim to offer easy access to the devices that are to be used to check the system's function and
proper operation.
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DS 439:2009
Annex A
(informative)
Determining the dimension-giving water flow qd in distribution pipes
The following calculation method may be used, when an installation type has measured or estimated values for water
flows, rates of use and consumption. The values can come from measurements on systems in use in buildings with similar
use.
The calculation of the dimension-giving water flow qd based on measured mean water flows from the individual tapping
points, as well as for the projected water flows greater than 0.3 l/s, can be done using the following formula:
qd = 2qm + 0{Σqf - 2qm) + A/qm* 0 /Σqf - 2qm l/s
where
qd is the dimension-giving water flow used exclusively for distribution pipes with randomly used tapping points.
qm is the weighted mean water flow for several tapping points connected to the distribution pipe.
q = G1 * qu + G2 * qi2 G+ ……+ Gn * qin/ΣGn l/s
G is a relative size that is calculated based on measured usage frequencies and tapping times at different tapping points. ql
are the mean water flows at each tapping point. G and ql are assigned to the same exposure period.
Σqf is the sum of the projected water flows qf according to Table V 2.2.4.
0 is the probability that it is the qm water stream that is tapped from any tapping point in a period of high consumption. The
value of o can be determined by measurement on installations in use. So far, 0 can be expected to be 0.015.
A is a safety factor that can be set to 3.1.
The mean water flow q1 and the number of tappings at each tapping point G can be determined through measurements on
installations in buildings in use.
Table VA.1 lists examples of measured G- and qt-values for tapping points on a distribution pipe in a building.
If there are no measurements, qm can be calculated from estimated values of the mean water flows q1 and the G-values for
each tapping point. If q1 = qf for the particular tapping point, the mean water flow qm usually stays on the safe side.
72 (da)
DS 439:2009
Table V A. 1 – Examples of measured G- and qr values

G-values mean water flow, cold and warm
q} in l/s
sink 1,0 0,07
shower 1,0 0,10
bath tub 0,3 0,10
toilet with cistern 2,0 0,10
flush valve 0,1 there are no measurements
kitchen 3,0 0,10
bidet 1,0 there are no measurements
faucet 0,5 II U II
dishwasher 0 II 11 II
washing machine 0 II II II
other equipment 0 II II II
If an installation has systematically used tapping points, then the most probable water flow q syst is calculated as the sum of
projected water flows from these without reduction for simultaneity.
The dimension-giving water flow in an installation that includes both random and systematically used tapping points, is
calculated as:
q’d=qd + qsyst l/s
If an installation has flush valves for toilets or urinals, then the largest water flow is calculated as:
qskyl = 1.5 + (n-1) 0.2 l/s for toilets
qskyl = 0.4 + (n-1) 0.1 l/s for toilets
n indicates the number of flush valves on the pipe.
The dimension-giving water flow in an installation that includes both flush valves and randomly used tapping points, is
calculated as:
q’d=qd + qskyl l/s
if an installation has hose-reels, according to the requirements of the building regulations, then the dimension-giving water
flow for pipes that only supply hose-reels (regardless of the number), is 0.33 l/s.
The dimension-giving water flow in an installation that includes both hose-reels and other tapping points, is calculated as:
q'd= 0,33 + {qd-0,2) + qsyst + qskyl l/s
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DS 439:2009
Annex B
(informative)
Associated codes of practice, standards, laws, regulations, circularies and
publications
Building regulations 2008, (BR 08)

SBI-instruction 216, Instruction regarding Building Regulations 208S, SBI2008
NKB Product rules no. 4, Product rules for tapping fixtures for water systems, July 1986
NKB Product rules no. 9, , Product rules for non-return valves for water systems, July1986
NKB Product rules no. 12, Product rules for mechanical metal couplings for copper pipes for water systems, October 1989
NKB Product rules no 18, Product rules for mechanical metal couplings for plastic pipes made of PB and PEX for water
systems, February 1990
DS 134 Identification colors and letter codes to be used for drawings and pipelines
DS 430 Code of Practice for the laying of underground flexible pipelines of plastics
DS 441 Code of Practice for small non-common water supply systems
DS 442 Code of Practice for common water-works
DS 452 Code of Practice for thermal insulation of technical service and supply systems in buildings
DS 462 Code of Practice for utility registration
DS 475 Code of Practice for trenching for underground pipes and cables
DS 1021 Users manual regarding service components and equipments in building
DS 1102 Installations in building - Calculation of installation spaces for pipelines
DS/EN 200 Sanitary tapware - Single taps and combination taps for water supply systems of type 1 and type 2 -
General technical specification
DS/EN 671-1 Fixed firefighting systems - Hose systems - Part 1: Hose reels with semi-rigid hose
DS/EN 805 Water supply - Requirements for systems and components outside buildings
DS/EN 806-1 Specifications for installations inside buildings conveying water for human consumption - Part 1:
General
DS/EN 806-2 Specification for installations inside buildings conveying water for human consumption – Part 2:
Design
DS/EN 806-3 Specifications for installations inside buildings conveying water for human consumption – Part 3:
Pipe sizing - Simplified method
DS/EN 816 Sanitary tapware - Automatic shut-off valves PN 10
DS/EN 817 Sanitary tapware - Mechanical mixing valves (PN 10) - General technical specifications
DS/EN 1111 Sanitary tapware - Thermostatic mixing valves (PN 10) - General technical specifications
DS/EN 1113 Sanitary tapware - Shower hoses for sanitary tapware for water supply systems of type 1 and type
2 - General technical specification
74 (da)
DS 439:2009
DS/EN 1452-5 Plastics piping systems for water supply and for buried and above-ground drainage and sewerage under
pressure - Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) - Part 5: Fitness for purpose of the system
DS/EN 1997-1 National Annex to Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design - Part 1: General rules
DS/EN 1997-2 National Annex to Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design - Part 2: Ground investigation and testing
DS/EN 12201-1 Plastics piping systems for water supply, and for drainage and sewerage under pressure - Polyethylene
(PE) - Part 1: General
(PE) - Part 2: Pipes
(PE) - Part 3: Fittings
DS/EN 12201-4 Plastics piping systems for water supply - Polyethylene (PE) - Part 4: Valves
(PE) - Part 5: Fitness for purpose of the system
DS/EN 12897 Water supply - Specification for indirectly heated unvented (closed) storage water heaters
DS/EN 15091 Sanitary tapware - Electronic opening and closing sanitary tapware
DS/EN 61770 Electric appliances connected to the water mains - Avoidance of backsiphonage and failure of hose-sets
DS/EN ISO 3822-1 Acoustics - Laboratory tests on noise emission from appliances and equipment used in water supply
installations - Part 1: Method of measurement - Amendment 1: Measurement uncertainty
DIN 4708-1
DIN 4708-2
DIN 4708-3
DBI Handbook, Fireproofing of buildings, published by DBI - Danish Institute of Fire and Security Technology
Fire Safety Guide No. 31, Fire sealing – Fire sealing of penetrations for installations, published by DBI - Danish Institute of
Fire and Security Technology
Fire Safety Guide No. 15 from the Danish Institute of Fire and Security Technology. Water-filled hose-reels
Environmental Project 970 2004 K. Nielsen, A. Andersen and E Fontenay, Metal release into drinking water part 2,
continuation of tests of materials for house installations, EPA 2004
Working Report No. 12 from the Environmental Protection Agency 2005, E Fontenay, A. Andersen and K. Nielsen,
Guideline on metallic materials for water installations, EPA 2005
Information from EPA, No. 6, 2004
SBI-instruction 165, Water systems, National Building Research Institute, 1990
Pipe Center-instruction 002, Resource saving water installations in houses, Technological Institute 1999
Pipe Center -instruction 003, Use of rainwater for toilet flushing and washing machines in houses, Technological Institute
2000
DTI work instruction 9301.1993. Repair of non-replaceable copper pipes in water installations
Dimensioning of water heaters, DTI, Taastrup, April 1990
Testing of water heaters, test bench and test methods, Technological Institute, Heat and installation engineering, 1985
Common Rules for the connection of electrical installations and usage elementss, Danish Energy 2007
75 (da)
DS 439:2009
The foundation BYG-ERFA – Construction technical experience dissemination:

BYG-ERFA sheet no. 070501, Galvanized water pipe corrosion and corrosion in new systems
BYG-ERFA sheet no=.. 941021, Ion traps for galvanized steel pipes for water
BYG-ERFA sheet no. 050410, Corrosion in water systems - threaded joints of galvanized steel
BYG-ERFA sheet no. 050627, Water systems - pipe materials
76 (da)

DS439 - EN-Code of Parctise For Domestic Sanitary Installations

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DS439 - EN-Code of Parctise For Domestic Sanitary Installations

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Danish Standards DS 439

4th edition 2009-07-21

Code of Practice for domestic water supply installations

© Danish Standards – Reproduction

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1 Introduction ..... ................ ........................................................... ....................... .............................. 9

2.4.2 Connection to supply pipe ............................................................................................................ ............ ......... 30

4.5.3 Suspension units . .... ......... .............................................................................................. 63

4.6 Inconveniences ........................................................................................................................................ 67

0.1 Entry into force

0.2 Transitional provisions

After the transitional period is only 4.-version applicable.

0.3 Requirements of the building regulations

0.3.1 Common requirements for water and drainage systems

1. Safety, operation and health

6. Characteristics of factory-made products

7. Mechanical/Physical characteristics of factory-made products

9. Harmful pressure and pressure-shocks

10. Cleaning options

12. Operating and maintenance instructions

0.3.2 Water systems - General

14. Water quality

16. Processed water

17. Harmful substances

18. Water wastage

20. Measuring use

21. Water for industrial use

0.3.3 Hot water

22. Bacterial growth

23. Hot water amount

26. Placement of tapping sites

27. Accidental spillage

0.3.5 Materials, components and execution

28. Harmful substances

Other publications that provide examples of execution of water systems include:

1.3 References to other Danish standards

1.4 Legislation and administrative conditions

1.4.1 Building legislation

1.4.1.1 The Building Act

1.4.1.2 Building Regulations 2008

1.4.1.3 Local statutes

1.4.1.4 Type approvals

Voluntary VA-approval scheme

1.4.2 Construction case processing

1.4.2.1 Construction work that requires a building permit

1.4.2.2 Construction works that must be reported

1.4.3 Relationship to other legislation

1.4.8 Water systems – special conditions

1.4.8.1 Connection to water supply

1.4.8.2 Measurement of water consumption

Residential or commercial Cold water Is prepared Prepared for new

Hot water Is prepared, optional Optional

Preparation for measurement of hot water

1.4.8.4 Water pipes in road

1.4.8.5 Water pipes over another man's property

1.4.8.6 Agricultural Operating Buildings

Tv hot water temperature (°C)

Dimension-giving water flow

This implies that the dimensioning also takes into account:

1. pressure in the supply pipe by the plug line

cold water hot water

2,3 Dimensioning by calculation