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How to Solve Cloze Tests likes to eat animals. So Hanuman was sent to
him as part of his dinner, along with his
Cloze tests dks solve djus ds fy, dqN steps fn;s x;s gSa bUgs vegetables. Hanuman sat on the platter,
/;kuiwoZd i<+s&
_____7_____ what to do.
1. Read the Passage Carefully
While this was going on in the netherworld,
2. Forward Reading Rama sat on his throne on the earth above.
3. Backward Reading The _____8______ Vasistha and the _____9_____
4. Vocabulary Brahma came to see him. They said to Rama,
5. Collocations “We want to talk privately with you. We don't
6. Idioms/ Phrases want anyone to ____10_____what we say or
interrupt it. Do we agree?” “All right.” Said
7. Grammar
Rama, “We'll walk.”
8. Parts of Speech
(SSC CGL 2014)
9. Parallel Construction
1. (a) bench (b) chair
10. Try to understand the different categories of
(c) throne (d) rock
options
5. (a) corporeal (b) humungous
1. Read the Passage Carefully
(c) tiny (d) substantial
Lkcls igys iwjs passage dks /;ku ls i<+s rFkk passage dh
Detailed Analysis :
theme, tone etc. dks le>us dh dksf'k'k djsA blls
correct options dks choose djus esa vklkuh gksxhA 1. ;gka king Rama ds cSBus dh ckr gqbZ gSA Rama, bench,
chair ;k rock ij Hkh cSB ldrsa gSa ysfdu blank space ls
2. Forward Reading
igys possessive pronoun his vk;k gSA vr% king ds
dbZ ckj passage esa vkxs pydj dksbZ word vkrk gS ;k
according throne lgh answer gksxkA forward
passage dh theme ds according leku Hkko okyk
reading ls last para esa] .......Rama sat on his
word vkrk gS tks vHkh iwNs x;s Blank Space esa lgh
throne on the earth above.......
answer gksrk gSA
5. option (b) humungous (very big) rFkk option
Eg. (d) substantial (large in amount, value or
One day when king Rama was sitting on his importance) nksuks factually wrong gSa D;ksafd Ring,
______1_____ his ring fell off. When it touched earth esa hole cukdj uhps pyh xbZ Fkh vr% Hanuman
the earth, it made a hole in the ground and dks Hkh NksVk cuuk iM+sxk uk fd cM+kA
disappeared into it. It was ______2______his Option (a) corporeal, irrelevant gSA corporeal
trusty henchman, Hanuman, was ______3____ dk vFkZ body ;k physical gksrk gS] ,slk dksbZ sense
his feet. Rama said to Hanuman, “Look, my passage esa ugh gSA
ring is lost ____4_______ it for me.”
vr% option (c) tiny (NksVk) lgh gSA
Now Hanuman can enter any hole, no matter
Forward reading ls] bl passage esa vkxs
how tiny. He had the power to become the
Hanuman ds fy, tiny monkey word iz;qDr gqvk
smallest of the small and larger than the
gSA -------"Look, a tiny monkey! It's fallen from
largest thing. So he took on a _____5_____ form
above?......
and went down the hole.
Note - bl passage ds lHkh questions dk detailed
He went and went and went and ______6______
analysis i<+us ds fy, bl book dk passage ua- 8
fell into the netherworld. There were women
ns[ksaA
down there. “Look, a tiny monkey! It's fallen
from above? Then they caught him and
placed him on a platter (thali). The King of
Spirits (bhut), who lives in the netherworld,
01
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Eg. Option (d) Advances, irrelevant gSA
M y a u n t M y ra i s s t ra n g e ly l i ke a Note - bl passage ds lHkh questions dk detailed
thunderstorm when she is angry. Like a analysis i<+us ds fy, bl book dk passage ua- 24
bright, sunny day that is usually the__1__to a ns[ksaA
storm, her normal ___2___ suddenly begins to Eg.
c l o u d . A s t h e d ay _ _ 3 _ _ _ a n d a f e w Most of us ___1___that cockroaches are ___2___
thunderclaps roll out she also darkens and creatures, very weak and ___3___ that can be
begins to__4__the bolts get more and destroyed with one ___4___. Yes, you can kill a
more___5___until finally the rain begins. With cockroach easily,___5___in reality it is an
aunt Myra, however, it is a___6__of words __6__tough creature. Cockroaches are
punctuated with frequent___7__of thunder. incredible strong. They can ___7___ anything.
The end of her___8___ like the end of a___9___is It____8____our food, but it can also eat ___9___
usually sudden. The words end abruptly; the things like candle wax, soap and paper. So the
clouds__10___ of a while; then the sky clears. next time you kill a cockroach feel ____10____
(SSC CGL 2012) because you are killing an extremely tough
3. (a) dawns (b) brightens creature.
(c) darkens (d) advances (SSC CPO 2010)
Detailed Analysis : 6. (a) old (b) incredible
3. Forward reading ls] blh sentence esa vkxs] (c) ultimate (d) extremely
………a few thunderclaps roll out, she also 8. (a) eats (b) locates
darkens and….. (c) smells (d) chews
also darkens vk;k gS vr% lgh answer option (c) Detailed Analysis :
darkens gSA 6. Forward reading ls] passage dh last line esa
option (a) dawns, irrelevant gSA dawn dk vFkZ& cockroach ds fy, …..an extremely tough
fdlh pht dh beginning ls gksrk gSA creature. iz;qDr gqvk gS vr% parallel construction
Structure: dawn of something ls ;gka Hkh an extremely tough creature. vk;sxkA
• The dawn of a golden age in European art. 'ks"k rhuksa options - old, incredible, ultimate,
• The dawn of civilization/time/history. factually wrong gSaA
• They start work at dawn. 8. Forward reading ls] blh sentence esa vkxs …can
also eat…. vk;k gSA vr% parallel construction ls
• He works from dawn till dusk.
lgh answer option (a) eats gSA
Collocations:
option (b) locates, irrelevant gSA
• at/before/since/by/until/till dawn/
sunrise/first light/daybreak. option (c) smells, factually wrong gSA
Option (b) brightens, factually wrong option (d) chews, red herring gSA
gSA ;gka clouds dh ckr dh gS] cloud (ckny) vkus ls fnu Note - bl passage ds lHkh questions dk detailed
pedhyk uk gksdj va/kdkj okyk (darkens) gks tk;sxkA analysis i<+us ds fy, bl book dk passage ua- 45
rFkk as the day brightens dksbZ structure ugh gSA ns[ksaA
Structure: brighten up something 3. Backward Reading

• A personal letter will usually brighten up a Backward reading dk vFkZ gS blank space ls ihNs
person's day. okys Hkkx dh reading. Blank space ls ihNs okyk Hkkx
• Fresh flowers will brighten up any room in ge i<+ pqds gksrs gSaA bl Hkkx esa dksbZ word vk pqdk gksrk gS
the house. tks fd parallel construction ls blank space ds
fy, lgh answer gksrk gSA
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Eg. 8. Forward reading ls]

Saina Nehwal's bronze medal win ____1____ ........singh said in his congratulatory
Saturday, at the London Olympics, may be message...........and chief minister N. Kiran
seen as a lucky ____2____ after her Chinese Kumar Reddy too congratulated Saina. vr%
opponent _____3___ hurt, But _____4____ Saina's bu nksuks sentences ls clear gS fd Manmohan
father, Dr Harvir Singh, "It's god's gift". "She Singh us Hkh Saina dks congratulate fd;kA 'ks"k rhuksa
was _____5_____ on Friday after losing the options- prayed, wishes, dictated, irrelevant
semi-final. It was god's ____6___ that she won a gSaA
medal. This is very satisfying for everyone. I 10. Backward reading ls] passage dh igyh line esa
was very _____7___ about Saina winning a Saina Nehwal's bronze medal win……….,
bronze," Prime minister Manmohan Singh medal thrus dh ckr dgh gS vr% lgh answer option
_____8___the Indian shuttler for winning the (b) medal gSA
medal. "The country is proud of your option (c) entry and option (d) post nksuks
_____9___."Singh said in his congratulatory irrelevant gSaA
message. Andhra Pradesh governor ESL
Option (a) match, factually wrong gS D;ksafd
Narasimhan and chief minister N. Kiran
Saina rks Semifinal match gkj xbZ FkhA
Kumar Reddy too congratulated Saina. "After
Gagan Narang, Saina is the second Note - bl passage ds lHkh questions dk detailed
sportsperson from AP to win a ____10___ at the analysis i<+us ds fy, bl book dk passage ua- 6
ns[ksaA
Olympics," the chief minister said.
(SSC CPO 2015)
4. Vocabulary
1. (a) in (b) at ;fn vkidh vocabulary wide gS pkgs oks active gks ;k
(c) on (d) onto passive, vki cloze tests dks cgqr vklkuh ls fill dj
ldrs gksA
8. (a) congratulated (b) prayed
English language dh ,d [kkfl;r ;g gS fd fdlh
(c) wishes (d) dictated
particular situation ;k condition ds fy, blesa
10. (a) match (b) medal vyx&vyx words gksrs gSaA bu words ds usage esa
(c) entry (d) post cgqr gh de difference gksrk gS] bl difference dks
Detailed Analysis : le>uk cgqr gh t:jh gS] rHkh vki nks close options esa ls
1. fdlh date ;k day ds fy, preposition 'on' iz;qDr lgh dks choose dj ik;saxsA
gksrh gSA bl book esa bu differences dks vocabulary
Eg: He came on Sunday. points ds uke ls cgqr gh detail esa le>k;k x;k gSA
• We meet on Tuesdays. Eg:
• on may the first/the first of may An archeologist studies the ___1___and from
• on the morning of May the first the ___2___he finds, he is able to ___3___the
• on one occasion daily lives of men and women who lived
• on your birthday thousands of years ago. He makes a
vr% Saturday ls igys 'on' vk;sxkA ___4___study of those things which those men
Forward reading ls]blh passage esa vkxs ……on and women left __5__them. From the ___6___he
Friday after losing the semifinal…… vk;k gSA vr% judges the size of the animals their owners
lgh answer option (c) on gSA could kill, from their tools he learns what
___7___they had mastered and from their pots,
'ks"k rhuksa options – in, at, onto, grammatically
needles and combs, he __8__the domestic
wrong gSaA
skills of their ___9___Thus it has been possible
03
to write a generally __10___account of human gksrk gS vkSj oks bu combinations dks cgqr vklkuh ls
evolution going back some half a million igpku ysrk gSA
years. English language esa collocations cgqrk;r esa gksrs gS
(SSC CPO 2011) vkSj ;fn ge bu collocations dks follow ugh djrs gS rks
1. (a) rocks (b) history gekjh language, English ds native speaker dks
(c) past (d) future natural ugh yxrhA
4. (a) scientific (b) historic Eg.
(c) realistic (d) research • fast shower and quick shower esa quick
Detailed Analysis : shower collocation gS vkSj native English
1. archeologists- past ds culture dh study djrsa gSa speaker dks lgh izrhr gksrk gSA
rFkk budh study dk base iqjkuh buildings ds vo'ks"k o • fast food and quick food nksuks grammatically
tehu ls [kqnkbZ esa fudys gq, objects gksrs gSaA correct gksus ds ckotwn fast food dk use lgh izrhr
gksrk gSA
option (a) rock, factually wrong gSA rocks dh
study djus okyk lithologist dgykrk gSA • fast meal rFkk quick meal esa] quick meal
natural expression gSA
option (b) history, factually wrong gSA history
dh study djus okyk historian dgykrk gSA bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd fast food gksrk gS ysfdu quick
food ugh gksrk tcfd quick meal gksrk gS fast meal
option (d) future, irrelevant gSA
ughA
vr% lgh answer option(c) past gSA blh izdkj]
4. Scientific study ,d collocation gS vr% lgh • strong tea (√), heavy tea (X), powerful tea
answer option (a) scientific gSA (X)
vU; rhuksa options- historic, realistic, research • strong rain (X), heavy rain (√), powerful rain
irrelevant gSaA (X)
Note - bl passage ds lHkh questions dk detailed • strong computer (X), heavy computer (X),
analysis i<+us ds fy, bl book dk passage ua- 36 powerful computer (√)
ns[ksaA • Eg: Would you like a………………drink?
5. Collocations (a) fast (b) rapid
fdlh language esa words dk ,slk combination tks (c) quick (d) swift
ckj&ckj lkFk vkrk gS] vkSj mu words dk lkFk vkuk dksbZ bl question ds pkjksa options vFkZ esa synonymous
la;ksx ek= ugha gksrk] cfYd ml language dh beauty gSa rFkk grammatically Hkh pkjksa lgh gSa ysfdu ge ;gh
gksrh gS vkSj ml language dk native speaker gh question fdlh native English speaker ls djsa rks
words ds ml combination dks le> ikrk gSA oks easily bldk reply nsxk fd blank space esa quick
fgUnh esa collocations cgqr de gksrs gSa& vk;sxkA
Eg: ,slk D;ksa\
(i) jke efgek] f'ko efgek] nqxkZ efgek] x.ks'k efgek D;ksafd quick drink ,d collocation gS tks native
(ii) jke yhyk] f'ko yhyk] nqxkZ yhyk] x.ks'k yhyk speaker ds fy, natural gSA
(iii) jke oanuk] f'ko oanuk] nqxkZ oanuk] x.ks'k oanuk vr% English language ds competent use ds fy,
collocations dk knowledge, vital gSA ,d
(iv) jke iwtk] f'ko iwtk] nqxkZ iwtk] x.ks'k iwtk
grammatically correct sentence Hkh awkward
fgUnh ds O;kdj.k ds vuqlkj ;s lHkh expressions lgh gSa
izrhr gksrk gS ;fn collocatinal preferences dk ikyu
ysfdu ge tkurs gSa fd & f'ko efgek] jke yhyk] x.ks'k oanuk]
ugh fd;k tk;sA
nqxkZ iwtk etc collocations gSa vkSj words dk ;s
bl book esa Important collocations dh ,d list nh
combination fgUnh Hkk"kh O;fDr ds fy, natural izrhr
xbZ gSA vki bu collocations dks /;kuiwoZd i<+ ysaA
04
Eg: stealing a cheap watch. The witness, who was

If you prefer mountains___1___deserts, try called, did not give a clear ____8___of what had
Darjeeling, West Bengal's hill resorts happened. He claimed to have seen a man
that___2___at the foothills of the mighty outside the house one night, but on
Himalayas, ___3___while in Bengal, if your being____9___further, he confessed that he
spirit of adventure gets the better of you,__4__ was not sure whether this was the man. The
the ferry to the Sunderbans, the world's judge considered the matter for a short time
largest delta. But if these places do not attract and then declared that as there was no real
you, there's Bhutan, the quiet Himalayan proof, the man could not be____10___guilty.
Kingdom___5___West Bengal. (SSC CGL 2010 II)
(SSC CPO 2011) 1. (a) on (b) about
4. (a) ask (b) take (c) off (d) away
(c) pick (d) pay 4. (a) up (b) around
Detailed Analysis : (c) along (d) at
4. bl sentence esa lgh construction- take the 6. (a) on (b) away
ferry gksxkA fdlh transport dh form, road, path (c) about (d) up
etc ls fdlh LFkku rd tkus ds fy, take iz;qDr gksrk gSA 7. (a) going (b) moving
Eg: take the bus/ plane/ train/ ferry (c) entering (d) breaking
• Take a cab 8. (a) verdict (b) understanding
• Take the second road on the right. (c) account (d) explanation
vr% lgh answer option (b) take gSA vU; rhuksa Detailed Analysis :
options ask, pick, pay, irrelevant gSaA 1. blank space ls igys get gSA get on, get about,
Note - bl passage ds lHkh questions dk detailed get off, get away ;s pkjksa phrasal verbs gSaA
analysis i<+us ds fy, bl book dk passage ua- 37 (i) Get on-
ns[ksaA (a) get on fdlh particular situation esa dksbZ O;fDr
6. Idioms/ Phrasal Verbs dSlk dk;Z dj jgk gS ;g iwNus ds fy, iz;qDr gksrk gSA
Cloze tests esa vPNk score djus ds fy, Idioms and Eg: He is getting on very well at school.
Phrasal verbs dk sound knowledge gksuk cgqr (b) career esa successful gksus ds sense esa
t:jh gS D;ksafd dqN Questions lh/ks idioms ;k Eg: Parents are always anxious for their
phrasal verbs ls gh iwNs tkrs gSaA children to get on.
Eg. • I don't know how he's going to get on in life.
It was very hot in the small court-room and (c) to manage or survive-
everybody was sleepy. After a tiring morning, Eg: We can get on perfectly well without him.
the clerks were anxious to get__1___to lunch (ii) Get about (also get around)- ,d txg ls nwljh
and even the judge must have txg ;k ,d O;fDr ls nwljs O;fDr rd move djukA
felt____2___when the last case came up before Eg: She gets about with the help of a stick.
the court. A short-middle-aged man with grey • News soon got about that he had resigned.
hair and small blue eyes was now (iii)Get away - Holiday ;k vacation ij tkuk&
standing____3___him. The man had a foolish
Eg: We are hoping to get away for a few days at
expression on his face and he kept
Easter.
looking____4___ stupidly as if he was tried
(iv) Get off - permission ysdj dk;Z NksM+uk&
hard to____5___what was going____6___. The
man was accused of ____7___into a house and
05
Eg: Could you get off work early tomorrow? etc.
vr% lgh answer option (c) off gSA 'ks"k rhuksa Eg: We had our car broken into last week.
options factually wrong gSaA (ii) vpkud galuk ;k xkuk etc 'kq: djuk
4. ;gka blank space ls igys looking vk;k gSA look Eg: As the President's car drew up, the crowd
around, look at rFkk look up rhuksa phrasal verbs broke into loud applause.
gSaA long along, phrasal verb ugh gSA (iii) vpkud nkSM+uk 'kq: djuk
(i) look around - pkjksa rjQ ns[kuk Eg: He broke into a run when he saw the police.
Eg: People came out of their houses and looked (iv) dksbZ pht tks emergency ds fy, j[kh xbZ gks] dks [kksyuk
around. rFkk dke esa ysuk
(ii) look at - fdlh pht dks /;kuiwoZd ns[kuk Eg: They had to break into the emergency food
Eg: You ankle's swollen- I think the doctor supplies.
ought to look at it. (v) lQy gksuk
(iii)look up - fdlh information dks dictionary ;k Eg: The company is having difficulty breaking
reference book esa ns[kukA into new markets.
Eg: I looked up it in the dictionary. vr% lgh answer option (d) breaking gSA 'ks"k rhuksa
vr% lgh answer option (b) around gSA options- going, moving, entering, irrelevant
gSA
option (a) up and option (d) at factually
8. account of something ,d phrase gS ftldk
wrong gSA option (c) along, irrelevant gSA
vFkZ& “fdlh ?kVuk dk fyf[kr ;k ekSf[kd C;kSjk nsuk” gksrk
6. blank space ls igys going vk;k gSA go on, go gSA
away, go about rFkk go up pkjksa phrasal verbs gSaA
Eg: Maani gave the police a full account of the
(i) go on - to happen incident.
Eg: What's going on here? vr% lgh answer option (c) account gSA
(ii) go away - fdlh O;fDr ;k LFkku dks NksM+dj tkuk ;k 'ks"k rhuksa options- verdict, understanding,
disappear gksukA explanation, factually wrong gSA
Eg: Go away and think about it, then let me Note - bl passage ds lHkh questions dk detailed
know.
(iii)go about - fdlh particular state esa jguk ;k ns[ksaA
behave djuk Eg.
Eg: She often goes about barefoot. One of the oldest cities of Asia, Srinagar is
(iv) go up - to be built (cukuk) known for its unique wooden architecture.
Eg: New office buildings are going up Its___1___network of narrow streets amid
everywhere. multi-storey wooded houses __2__out its
Go up fdlh oLrq dh dhersa c<+us ds sense esa Hkh iz;qDr waterways; make it look like medieval
gksrk gSA Islamic__3__centers. The large-scale
Eg: The price of cigarettes is going up. demolition of traditional buildings and
vr% lgh answer option (a) on gSA bazaars___4___the quest of modernity have,
'ks"k rhuksa options- away, about, up, factually however,___5___to their disappearance.
wrong gSA (SSC CGL 2011)
7. break into something ,d phrasal verb gS blds 4. (a) in (b) inside
dbZ meaning gksrs gSa& (c) on (d) into
(i) fdlh ?kj esa forcefully ?kqluk ;k force ls dkj [kksyuk
06
Detailed Analysis : Note - bl passage ds lHkh questions dk detailed

4. in the quest of ,d phrase gS ftldk vFkZ& 'in analysis i<+us ds fy, bl book dk passage ua- 20
search of something' gksrk gSA vr% lgh answer ns[ksaA
option (a) in gSA 7. Grammatical Concepts dh thorough
vU; rhuks a options - inside, on, into, understanding
grammatically wrong gSaA Cloze tests esa dqN questions grammatical
Collocations: concepts ij based gksrs gSaA buesa specially Tenses,
• in quest of happiness/truth/knowledge/ Active-Passive voice, Prepositions etc. ij
projection. based questions gksrs gSaA
Eg: He set off in pursuit/quest of adventure. dbZ ckj sentence dh structures ds vuqlkj Hkh
NOTE - Quest dh ,d structure- quest for questions iwNs tkrs gSA bu questions dks vklkuh ls
something Hkh gksrh gSA solve djus ds fy, prepositions dk sound
knowledge gksuk t:jh gSA
Eg: The team will continue its quest for
Olympic gold this afternoon. Eg.
• Raja is on an endless/a spiritual quest for I said, "Wow, B! What a room," He looked sort
knowledge. of embarrassed and told me that he and his
Note - bl passage ds lHkh questions dk detailed dad _1_ it just so. He said, "You're in _2_ !
analysis i<+us ds fy, bl book dk passage ua- 34 Today we are going to work _3_ the details of
ns[ksaA the rocket _4_. "Of course, I have no idea what
Eg. he's talking about. "I'm going to build _5_
rockets for the Fourth of July fireworks, "he
The Gandhian movement brought a new
continued. "I've got some light weight metal
__1___ for Indian women. It helped in
sheets and I need your help in _6_ a base for
women's ___2___. They now enjoy equality
the rocket, "I was sort of relieved that I wasn't
with men __3___ all spheres. Legislative
going to have to mix up combustible
reforms ensure this ___4_. They enjoy equal
ingredients _7_ a hot Bunsen burner!
participation in social, ___5___ and political
life. Improved ___6___ for health and We got some supplies and looked up the
education, economic independence and rocket launcher on the internet. B had lots of
active __7__ in family and community life contacts and web sites to check out for
___8__ to compete with men. All __9___ based reference. After reading the _8_, I could think
on sex have vanished. The modern woman is of nothing but _9_ the rocket launcher into
__10__ the march and nothing can stop her position. When I heard my mom's horn honk
onslaught. outside I jumped up in amazement! How
could four hours have _10_ away that fast?
(SSC CPO – 2013)
Especially considering that I was learning
10. (a) in (b) into
something new! I told B goodbye, and he
(c) at (d) on
promised not to continue until I came back
Detailed Analysis : tomorrow.
10. “on the march” ,d idiom gS ftldk vFkZ&“vkxs (SBI PO 2015)
c<+uk” gksrk gSA 1. (a) Planned (b) Say
Eg: The enemy are on the march. (c) Made (d) Decide
vr% lgh choice option (d) on gSA (e) Trust
vU; rhuksa options- in, into rFkk at, irrelevant gSaA

07
9. (a) Moulding (b) Make in the last century, which helped in keeping
(c) Placing (d) Made the mystique alive. And when the Communist
(e) Create rulers took over Tibet in the 1950s and began
Detailed Analysis : ___3___ Chinese language and culture on the
1. ;s structure past simple esa gS vr% verb dh people, Tibet's own history started to ___4___
second form vk;sxhA in the background. Thus, the only books
available in English to Tsering Wangmo
Option (b) say, option (d) decide and option
Dhompa as a young girl growing up in India
(e) trust rhuksa grammatically wrong gS D;ksafd ;s
and Nepal as a refugee ___5___ those written
rhuksa verb dh Ist form gSA
by Westerners, and so she came to view the
Option (c) made, red herring gS D;ksafd sentence country as a forbidden land, a place where
ds Hkko ds vuqlkj room dks cukus dh ugh CkfYd plan djus fantasy and fable collaborated against a
dh ckr gqbZ gS A Room cukus dk dk;Z rks feL=h vkSj etnwj dramatic backdrop of mountains, black
djrs gSaA vr% lgh answer option (a) planned gSA magic and people with strange customs and
9. fdlh pht dks particular position esa ykus ds fy, appearances.
'mould' word iz;qDr gksrk gSA (Bank of Baroda PO)
Structure: (i) mould A into B 5. (a) are (b) have been
Eg: First, mould the clay into the desired (c) was (d) were
shape. (e) is
• I could think of nothing but moulding the Detailed Analysis :
rocket launcher into position. 5. bl sentence dk subject “The only books” gS tks
(ii) mould B in A fd plural gS rFkk blank space ds ckn those vk;k gS ;s
Eg: The figure had been moulded in clay. Hkh plural sense nsrk gS vr% plural verb vk;sxhA
vr% bl sentence esa moulding lgh gSA passage dk ;g Hkkx past tense esa fy[kk x;k gS rFkk bl
'ks"k pkjksa options- make, placing, made, create, sentence esa vkxs ..... so she came to view the
irrelevant gSaA country ..... Hkh past esa vk;k gS rFkk nksuksa sentence
Note - bl passage ds lHkh questions dk detailed 'and' ls tqM+s gSaA vr% parallel construction ls
analysis i<+us ds fy, bl book dk passage ua- 50 blank space esa Hkh past tense vk;sxkA
ns[ksaA vr% lgh answer option (d) were gSA
Eg. 'ks"k lHkh options - are, have been, was, is,
Tibet ___1___ up images of a mystic land. grammatically wrong gSA
Snow-capped mountain peaks pierce the Note - bl passage ds lHkh questions dk detailed
blue sky and fierce chilly winds sweep the analysis i<+us ds fy, bl book dk passage ua- 49
rolling grasslands. Maroon-robed Buddhist ns[ksaA
monks pray in remote monasteries and 8. Parts of Speech
___2___ horsemen pound the rugged earth.
ftl sentence esa blank space vk;k gS mls /;ku ls i<+s
People in this high plateau perform
rFkk ;s le>us dh dksf'k'k djsa fd blank space esa tks
punishing rituals like prostrating hundreds
word vk;sxk mldk parts of speech D;k gksxkA parts
of miles in tattered clothes on pilgrimage.
of speech esa generally- noun, verb, adjective,
Spirits, spells and flying apparitions are part
adverb etc. blank space esa iz;qDr gksrs gSaA
of the Tibetan world. In short, Tibet remains
an exotica. Such images are largely the result blls vki dqN options ;k dHkh&dHkh rks lkjs options
of books by Western travelers and explorers Hkh eliminate dj ik;saxsaA
08
Eg. Eg: Are you afraid of spiders?
The presence of certain ___1___ makes (iii) Afraid of doing something
friendship a special ___2__. A____3 __ friend is Eg: I started to feel afraif of going out alone at
consistent and honest. A __4 is not __5 __ to night.
give an honest __6__and does not say things Option (a) fear, grammatically wrong gSA fear
for the sake of getting ___7_. A friend provides
,d noun gSA
companionship and continuous___8 . There
Structures:
is no room for pride, __9__or rivalry in __10__.
(i) fear of somebody/something
(SSC CGL 2013)
4. (a) befriend (b) friendship Eg: Fear of the dark/ spiders/ flying etc.
(c) friend (d) friendly (ii) fear for somebody/something
5. (a) fear (b) afraid Eg: Her fear for her son's safety.
(c) fright (d) fret Option (c) fright, grammatically wrong gSA
8. (a) support (b) supportive fright ,d noun gSA fright dk vFkZ& fear dh feeling
(c) suppress (d) provide gksrk gSA
10. (a) friendship (b) friendly Option (d) fret, grammatically wrong gSA fret
(c) befriend (d) courtship ,d verb gSA fret dh structure :
Detailed Analysis : Fret about/ over something
4. ;gka blank space esa noun vk;sxk D;ksafd tks word Eg: Fretting about it won't help.
vk,xk oks bl sentence dk subject gksxkA
option (a) befriend, grammatically wrong gS Vocabulary Point:
D;ksafd ;s ,d verb gSA Fear/ Fright/ Terror/ Panic
Option (d) friendly, grammatically wrong gS v Fear- tc dksbZ O;fDr [krjs esa gks] mlds lkFk dqN xyr gks
D;ksafd ;s ,d adjective gSA x;k gks ;k dksbZ pht tks mls Mjk;s rc fear word iz;qDr
Option (b) friendship, Red-herring gS A gksrk gSA
friendship Hkh ,d noun gSA Friendship, friends Eg: Fear of flying.
ds chp ,d relationship dks crkus ds fy, iz;qDr gksrk gS • She showed no fear.
tcfd ;gka blank space esa person (friend) dh ckr
v Fright- vpkud ls iSnk gqbZ Mj dh feeling.
gqbZ gSA
Eg: You gave me a fright jumping out at me like
Forward Reading ls
that.
....... A friend provides companionship and
• She cried out in fright.
continuous support ......
NOTE - Fright ,d reaction gS tks mlh le; iSnk gksrh
vr% lgh answer option (c) friend gSA
gS tc dksbZ ?kVuk ?kfVr gksrh gSA tcfd fear ,slh phtksa ds
5. bl sentence esa blank space esa tks word vk,xk oks fy, iz;qDr gksrk gS ftuls ges'kk Mj yxrk gSA
friend (noun) dh fo'ks"krk crkus okyk gksxk rFkk noun Eg: I have a fear of spiders. (√)
dh fo'ks"krk crkus ds fy, adjective iz;qDr gksrk gSA ;gka
• I have a fright of spiders. (X)
pkjksa options esa dsoy afraid gh adjective gS rFkk
v Terror- extreme fear dh feeling.
afraid dk use dHkh Hkh noun ds igys ugh fd;k tkrk gSA
Eg: Her eyes were wild with terror.
Structures :
v Panic-great fear dh sudden feeling ftls control
(i) Afraid to do something-
uk fd;k tk ldsA
Eg: She was afraid to open the door.
Eg: I had a sudden moment of panic.
(ii) Afraid of somebody/something
09
v Alarm- dksbZ dangerous ;k unpleasant ?kfVr gksus Correct
ij fear or worry dh feeling. • They fought in the streets, in the fields and in
Eg: The doctor said there was no cause for the woods. (√)
alarm. Or
8. ;gka blank space esa noun vk;sxk D;ksafd continuous • They fought in the streets, the fields and the
,d adjective gSA woods. (√)
(“Note – dksbZ word ftlesa – ous suffix yxk gks • dqN conjunctions, parallel construction esa iz;qDr
generally oks adjective gksrs gSaA”) gksrs gSaA tSls&
;gka dsoy support noun gS vr% lgh answer option both………and, not only……….but also
(a) support gSA either………..or, neither…………nor
vU; rhuksa options- supportive (adjective), whether…….or
suppess(verb), rFkk provide (verb) Eg: Before the Polish strikes of 1980, both the
grammatically wrong gSA Hungarians and the Czechs tries in vain to defy
Soviet authority.
10. ;gka blank space esa noun vk,xkA
Eg.
vr% option (b) friendly (adjective) rFkk option
Whenever I __1__at the moon, my heart___2
(c) befriend (verb) nksuks grammatically wrong
gSA __with pleasure. I wish I had____3_ ___to fly up
to the moon. I know if I could ____4___to
option (d) courtship, noun gS ysfdu factually
become an ____5__ _, I would be able to go to
wrong gS D;ksafd passage esa courtship dh ckr uk
the moon. Special equipment and a ____6
djds friendship dh ckr dh xbZ gS vr% lgh answer
___training are required to go to moon. I
option (a) friendship gSA
would have to wear a special _7__ along with a
Note - bl passage ds lHkh questions dk detailed gas-mask for __8_ . My space shuttle would be
analysis i<+us ds fy, bl book dk passage ua- 14 equipped with __9___cameras and other
ns[ksaA
scientific__10__.
9. Parallel Construction (SSC CGL 2013)
nks ;k nks ls vf/kd equally important ideas dks leku 6. (a) special (b) ordinary
grammatical structure esa fy[kuk parallel (c)common (d) natural
construction dgykrk gSA
Eg: I came; I saw; I conquered. Julius Caesar Detailed Analysis :
Eg: She likes cooking, jogging, and to read. 6. Moon ij tkus dh ckr gks jgh gSA vr% special
bl sentence esa parallel construction dks follow equipment and special training dh t:jr gksxhA
ugh fd;k x;k gS D;ksafd blesa nks gerunds rFkk ,d Parallel construction ls Hkh special ds lkFk
infinitive gSA special vk,xkA
bls parallel construction esa fy[kk tk;s rks rhu vr% lgh answer option (a) special gSA
gerunds ;k rhu infinitives iz;qDr gksaxsaA ……special equipment and a special training
• She likes cooking, jogging and reading. are required to go to moon. I would have to
Or wear a special space-suit……
• She likes to cook, jog and read. vr% rhuksa options – ordinary, common, natural,
Eg: They fought in the streets, the fields and in irrelevant gSaA
the woods. (X) Note - bl passage ds lHkh questions dk detailed
ns[ksaA
10
10. Try to understand the different Different Categories of wrong Options:

categories of options Cloze tests esa 4 ;k 5 options fn;s gksrs gSaA buesa ls lgh
bl book esa xyr options dks vyx&vyx rks dsoy 1 gh gksrk gS 'ks"k options xyr gksrs gSaA ;fn ge
categories esa divide fd;k x;k gSA ;fn vki ;s bu xyr options dks igpku ysa rks lgh dks select djuk
categories vPNh rjg le> tkrs gks rks vki cgqr easily cgqr vklku gks tkrk gSA xyr options dks gVkus dh bl
xyr options dks gVk nsaxsaA bu categories dks vkxs technique dks elimination technique dgrsa gSaA
detail esa explain fd;k x;k gSA Xkyr options dks eSus 4 categories esa divide fd;k
gS&
1. Irrelevant
2. Factually wrong
3. Grammatically wrong
4. Red herring
1. Irrelevant-Irrelevant dk vFkZ gksrk gS& “not
connected with a situation.” A
Tkc cloze test dh exercise rS;kj dh tkrh gS rks
sentence es ls fdlh ,d word dks gVk fn;k tkrk gS rFkk
fQj question esa bl lgh word ds lkFk&lkFk 3 ;k 4
wrong options Hkh Mkys tkrs gSaA
bues ls T;knkrj 2 wrong options dk ml passage
dh theme and tone ls dksbZ ysuk&nsuk ugh gksrk gSA ;s 2
wrong options rks dsoy options dh la[;k dks 4 ;k 5
cukus ds fy, j[ks tkrs gSaA bl rjg ds wrong options
dks irrelevant dgk x;k gSA
2. Factually wrong-factually wrong dk vFkZ gS&
“tks passage ds facts ds according wrong gksaA” bl
category esa T;knkrj options passage dh theme
;k tone ls opposite vFkZ nsrs gSaA
Blank space esa dksbZ positive sense okys word dh
requirement gksrh gS ysfdu ;s option fdlh
negative word okys gksrs gSaA
mu lHkh options dks Hkh tks conceptually
incorrect gksrs gSa blh category esa j[kk x;k gSA
Eg.
when she is angry. Like a bright, sunny day
that is usually the__1__to a storm, her normal
___2___ suddenly begins to cloud. As the
day__3___and a few thunderclaps roll out she
also darkens and begins to__4__the bolts get
more and more___5___until finally the rain
begins. With aunt Myra, however, it is
a___6__of words punctuated with
frequent___7__of thunder. The end of her
11
___8___ like the end of a___9___is usually socialist revolution.
sudden. The words end abruptly; the • a necessary prelude to privatization.
clouds__10___ of a while; then the sky clears. Note - bl passage ds lHkh questions dk detailed
(SSC CGL 2012) analysis i<+us ds fy, bl book dk passage ua- 24
1. (a) epilogue (b) prelude ns[ksaA
(c) interlude (d) preface Eg.
Detailed Analysis: Indian boxers ____1____ the greatest success
1. Option (a) epilogue, factually wrong gSA story at the Beijing Olympics. Three of the five
epilogue dk vFkZ& “fdlh book, play ;k boxers entered the quarter finals and one,
movie ds last esa conclusion (milagkj)” gksrk Vijender Singh ___2_____ the bronze. His
gSA tcfd passage esa 'kq:vkr dh ckr gqbZ gSA ____3____ bouts almost took him to the final.
When Sushil Kumar entered the fray people
…..suddenly begins to cloud.
thought he was just another competitor
Eg: Fortinbras speaks the epilogue in
______4____ to the numbers. But Sushil went on
Shakespeare's 'Hamlet'.
the beat three ____5 ___in one hour to win the
Option (c) interlude, factually wrong gSA
bronze.
interlude dk vFkZ& “fdlh movie, play ;k
(SSC CPO 2014)
event etc. ds nks parts ds chp dk le;” gksrk gSA
5. (a) competitors (b) enemies
• a musical interlude between the two acts of
(c) foes (d) players
the play.
• Apart from a brief interlude of peace, the
war lasted nine years. Detailed Analysis:
Option (d) preface (izLrkouk), Red herring gSA 5. Option (b) enemies and option (c) foes (an
enemy) nksuks factually wrong gSaA eSp esa f[kykM+h
Preface fdlh book ds introduction dks dgrsa gSa izfrLi/khZ gksrs gS uk fd nq'euA
ftlesa author viuk aim, explain djrk gSA
Option (d) player, Red herring gSA player fdlh
Eg: In his preface Rex claimed that he had
f[kykM+h ds fy, iz;qDr gksrk gS ysfdu tc ;s player fdlh
created a new kind of music.
eSp es ,d nwljs ds against [ksyrsa gS rks competitors
;gka fdlh book dh ckr ugh gks jgh gS vr% preface, ,d dgykrsa gSaA
red herring gSA Backward reading ls] blls fiNys sentence esa
Vocabulary Point: lq'khy dqekj ds fy, Hkh competitor word vk;k gSA
Preface/ Foreword …….he was just another competitor...... vr%
• Tkc book dh beginning esa ,d short lgh answer option (a) competitor gSA
introduction fn;k tkrk gS rks mls foreword dgrsa gSaA Note - bl passage ds lHkh questions dk detailed
tcfd preface esa author, detail ls book fy[kus dk analysis i<+us ds fy, bl book dk passage ua- 13
viuk mn~ns'; crkrk gSA ns[ksaA
lgh answer option (b) prelude, gSA prelude dk 3. Grammatically wrong-bl category esa
vFkZ& “fdlh cM+h ?kVuk ls igys dh NksVh ?kVuk tks cM+h ds generally oks wrong option gSa tks grammar ds
ckjs esa b'kkjs djrh gS” gksrk gSA vr% passage ds context different concepts- tense, preposition etc. ds
ds vuqlkj] prelude lgh choice gS rFkk prelude, according incorrect gksrs gSaA
preposition 'to' ysrk gS ;gka Hkh blank space ds ckn
'to' vk;k gSA
Eg: Every life is but a prelude to a death.
• He considered the strikes a prelude to the great
12
Eg. Eg: The train soon speeded up. (√)

Mass migration has produced a huge world • The train soon speeded. (X)
wide economy of its own which has ___1___ so Note - bl passage ds lHkh questions dk detailed
fast during the past few years that the figures analysis i<+us ds fy, bl book dk passage ua- 46
have___2___ experts. Last year remittances ns[ksaA
sent home by migrants were expected to Eg.
___3___ $232 billion according to the World Fragmentation of environment is the curse of
Bank which ___4___ these figures. ___5___ modern towns. __1__ public authorities
though the flow of remittances is to alleviate working together to achieve a ___2___
the plight of the migrant's family it can't on its landscape, they appear to act in blinkered
own lift entire nation out of poverty. Those isolation and mutual ___3___ as though the
who study the ___6___ of remittances argue human environment __4___ best split up into
that the money allows poor countries to put separate bits, with blind disregard ___5___
off basic decisions of economic management what the final result looks like.
like ____7___ their tax collection systems and
(SSC CPO – 2013)
building schools. Remittances to poor
4. (a) is (b) were
countries can also ____8____ the fact that they
(c) are (d) was
do not produce much at home. ____9___ the
benefits of remitted cash while _10_ some of 5. (a) from (b) of
its downside. (c) to (d) for
(IDBI Bank PO) Detailed Analysis:
1. (a) accelerated (b) increase 4. bl sentence esa as though vk;k gS vr% ;s sentence
(c) expand (d) grew imaginary Hkko ns jgk gSA imagination ds sense ds
(e) escalating fy, ge 'were' iz;qDr djrsa gSaA vr% lgh answer
Detailed Analysis: option(b) were gSA
1. Blank space ls igys has vk;k gSA has ds lkFk verb vU; rhuksa options- is, are, was, grammatically
dh IIIrd form vk;sxh vr% lgh answer option(a) wrong gSaA
accelerated gSA 5. Blank space ls igys disregard vk;k gS rFkk
'ks"k pkjksa options- increase (verb dh I form), disregard preposition 'for' ysrk gSA
expand (verb dh I form), grew (verb dh II Eg: She showed a total disregard for other
form), escalating (verb+ing), grammatically people's feelings.
wrong gSaA • With a fine disregard for geography, she
Eg: He vowed to intensify efforts to accelerate decided to drive to the island.
the structural reform of the company. vr% lgh answer option(d) for gSA
• Government policy has accelerated the decline 'ks"k rhuksa options- from, of, to, grammatically
of the small farmer. wrong gSA
• Population growth accelerated only after Note - bl passage ds lHkh questions dk detailed
1750. analysis i<+us ds fy, bl book dk passage ua- 22
• The car accelerated to overtake me. ns[ksaA
Vocabulary Point:
Speed up/Speed
• tc vehicles, fast move djrsa gSa rks blds fy, speed
up iz;qDr gksrk gS uk fd speed.
13
4. Red herring-Red herring dk vFkZ gksrk gS& “/;ku Vocabulary Point:
HkVdkus okyh phtA” Hide/Conceal/Disguise/Camouflage
Red herring ,d fish gksrh gS ftls dogs dks hunting ;s lHkh words fdlh O;fDr] oLrq] lR; ;k eu dh
dh training nsrs le; mudk /;ku HkVdkus ds fy, iz;qDr feelings dks fNikus ds sense ds fy, iz;qDr gksrs gSaA
fd;k tkrk FkkA
v Hide- fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq dks fNikuk ;k viuh feelings
Red herring okyk option, lgh answer ls dks secret j[kukA
students dk /;ku HkVdkus ds fy, iz;qDr gksrk gSA Eg: Rex hide the letter in a drawer.
T;knkrj students tc xyr answer mark djrs gSa rks
• She managed to hide her disappointment.
oks option generally red herring gh gksrk gSA vkSj
v Conceal- conceal ,d formal word gS tks fdlh
students bl red herring okys option esa rFkk lgh
O;fDr ;k oLrq dks fNikus ;k secret j[kus ds fy, iz;qDr
answer esa gh confuse gksrs gSa D;ksafd oks nks options rks
gksrk gSA
easily eliminate dj nsrs gSaA
Eg: The paintaings were concealed beneath a
Eg. thick layer of plaster.
All the political parties of India appear lost in • Tim could barely conceal his disappointment.
the ____1___exercise of fighting elections. NOTE - Emotions dks fNikus ds fy, tc conceal
There is nothing _____2___ about a ____3____ for
word vkrk gS rks lkekU;r% ;g negative statements
votes in a democracy as India is and must esa iz;qDr gksrk gSA
____4____. But democracies defeat themselves
v Cover- fNikus ds fy, fdlh pht dks <+dukA
when they are ___5___with the ____6____ of
Eg: She covered her face with her hands.
politics and must forget its ____7____. The
v Disguise-fdlh pht dks fNikdj ;k cnydj izLrqr djuk
growing political ____8____ in India
rkfd dksbZ mls igpku uk ldsA
____9____from the political parties ____10____
Eg: He tried to disguise his accent.
contempt for any real development.
v Mask- viuh fdlh feeling, smell ;k fact dks fNikuk
(SSC CPO 2015)
rkfd dksbZ mls vklkuh ls notice uk dj ldsA
10. (a) latent (b) explicit
Eg: She masked her anger with a smile.
(c) hidden (d) unconcealed
v Camouflage- fdlh pht dks vklikl ds okrkoj.k tSlk
cukdj fNikukA
Detailed Analysis:
Eg: The soldiers camouflaged themselves with
10. Passage esa] India esa political parties }kjk dsoy leaves and twigs.
votes dks gh egROk fn;s tkus dh ckr gks jgh gS rFkk
development ij dksbZ /;ku ugh fn;k tk jgk gSA [kqys Note - bl passage ds lHkh questions dk detailed
vke “oksV cSad” dh jktuhfr gks jgh gSA vr% blank space analysis i<+us ds fy, bl book dk passage ua- 5
esa tks word vk;sxk oks [kqysiu ds sense esa vk;sxkA ns[ksaA
Option (a) latent (existing but not Eg.
noticeable), option (c) hidden (Nqik gqvk) nksuks
Whenever I __1__at the moon, my heart___2
factually wrong gSaA
__with pleasure. I wish I had____3_ ___to fly up
Option (d) unconcealed, Red herring gS D;ksafd
unconcealed dk vFkZ & fcuk Nqik;k gqvk gksrk gS ysfdu to the moon. I know if I could ____4___to
unconcealed, eu ds Hkko (emotions, curiosity become an ____5__ _, I would be able to go to
etc…) ds fy, iz;qDr gksrk gSA the moon. Special equipment and a ____6
vr% lgh answer option (b) explicit (done in an ___training are required to go to moon. I
open and direct way) gksxkA would have to wear a special _7__ along with a
gas-mask for __8_ . My space shuttle would be
equipped with __9___cameras and other
14
scientific__10__. Eg: She is very sensitive to criticism.

(SSC CGL 2013) • He is a little touchy about his weight.
9. (a) sensitive (b) touchy • She is still a bit prickly about the whole
(c) primitive (d) decorative incident.
Detailed Analysis:
9. bl blank space es a space shuttle es a Note - bl passage ds lHkh questions dk detailed
yxus okys cameras dh fo'ks"krk crkus okyk word analysis i<+us ds fy, bl book dk passage ua- 15
ns[ksaA
vk;sxkA tks fd vR;f/kd sensitive gksuk pkfg, rkfd
space esa gksus okys small changes dks Hkh notice dj
ldsaA
Sensitive ds collocations –
• Sensitive instrument/indicator/areas/
issues/portrait/reading
• Sensitive to other people's feeling
• Sensitive to criticism
• Sensitive to cold/light etc.
vr% lgh answer option (a) sensitive gSA
option (c) primitive, irrelevant gSA primitive dk
vFkZ & “cgqr iqjkus le; dh society ls lacaf/kr” gksrk gSA
Collocation:
• primitive tribes/beliefs/man/instinct
option (d) decorative, irrelevant gSaA
option (c) touchy, Red herring gSA touchy dk vFkZ
Hkh sensitive gksrk gS ysfdu 3 reasons dh otg ls
touchy ;gka lgh choice ugh gks ldrhA
(i) touchy, usually fdlh noun ds igys iz;qDr ugh
gksrkA ;gka camera noun gSA
(ii) touchy dks usually person ds fy, iz;qDr fd;k
tkrk gSA
Eg: He gets very touchy if you mention the
divorce.
(iii) Touchy dh structure – touchy about
something gksrh gSA
Eg: He's a little touchy about his weight.
Vocabulary Point:
v Sensitive/Touchy/Prickly
dksbZ O;fDr tks sensitive ;k touchy gksrk gS rks tc mls
ckr vPNh uk yxs rks oks cgqr tYnh upset gks tkrk gS ;k
jksus yxrk gS ysfdu tks O;fDr prickly gksrk gS oks jksus dh
ctk; aggressive gks tkrk gSA
15
SOME IMPORTANT COLLOCATIONS: Armed conflict

Abstract concept/noun Artificial intelligence
Academic achievement/career/circles/ Assess (the) impact
community/debate/discipline/discourse/ Assessment process
institution/journal/life/performance/research/ Associated factors
skills/study/success/work/world/writing /year Assume responsibility/(the)role
Accept responsibility Atomic energy
Acceptable behaviour Attend (a) conference
Accurate assessment/description/information/ Ava i l a b l e d a t a / ev i d e n c e / i n fo r m a t i o n /
measurement/picture/record resources
Achieve (a) goal/(an) objective/(an) outcome Average score
Acquire knowledge Background knowledge
Active involvement/participant/participation/ Basic assumption/component/concept/
role element/function/information/premise/
Actively involved principle/research/structure/technique
Acutely aware Bear resemblance to
Add information Become apparent/available/aware/
Additional cost/information/problem/ blurred/established/evident/independent/
resources/support involved/obvious/visible/widespread/(a)
Address (an) issue source/ (the)focus
Administrative practices Begin (a) process
Adopt (a) procedure/(an) approach Behave differently
Advanced economy/technology Beneficial effect
Adverse effect/reaction Best described
Adversely affect Binary opposition/system
Affect (the) outcome/development Biological evolution/science/sex
Allocate resources Brief account/description/discussion/
Allow access history/introduction/overview/period/
review/summary/time
Almost identical
Briefly describe/discuss
Alternative approach/explanation/form/
interpretation/means/method/model/solution Broad agreement/category/definition/
/source/strategy/view/way range/spectrum
Ample evidence Broader context
Analytical approach/tool Broadly defined/similar
Anecdotal evidence Business sector/transaction
Annual conference/meeting/rate/report/ Capitalist country/economy/society/
review system/world
Apply equally/(a) method/(the) theory Career development/opportunity
Appropriate action/behaviour/conditions/ Careful analysis/attention/consideration/
data/form/language/level/point/response/ thought
skills/treatment/way Carefully controlled/selected
16
Carry information Common ancestor/approach/assumption/

Carryout research/task characteristic/culture/error/feature/goal/
Cast doubt method/source/theme/usage
Causal link/relation/relationship Commonly accepted/associated/called/
encountered/found/known/referred/used
Cause consequences/stress
Communicate effectively
Central authority/concept/concern/control/
core/feature/focus/government/importance/ Comparative analysis/research/study
issue/part/point/position/problem/question/ Compelling argument/evidence/reason
role/tenet/theme Competitive market/pressure
Certain aspect/assumptions/characteristics Complete (a) task
/circumstances Complex area/interaction/issue/pattern/
Change dramatically/rapidly/(an)attitude problem/process/question/relationship/set
Changing attitudes/circumstances/nature/ /situation /structure/ system
needs/pattern/world Comprehensive account/approach/overview/
Characteristic feature review/system
Chemical reaction Conceptual framework
Civil case/society Concerted effort
Class consciousness Concluding remarks/section
Classic example/study/text/work Conditional probability
Classical theory Conduct research/(a) study/(a) survey/(an)
C l e a r b o u n d a r y / d i s t i n c t i o n / ev i d e n c e / analysis/(an) interview
focus/indication/relationship/statement/ Conflict resolution
structure Conflicting interests
Clearly defined/demonstrated/established/ Consider appropriate/relevant/possibility/ (an)
e v i d e n t / i d e n t i f i e d / i m p o r t a n t / re l a t e d / aspect/(an) issue/(the)impact/(the)
understand/visible implications/(the) role
Climate change Considerable amount/attention/debate/
Climatic conditions d e g re e / d e t a i l / e f f o r t / e v i d e n c e / e x t e n t /
Close contact/proximity/relationship/ scrutiny importance/influence/interest/research/
support/variation
Closely allied/associated/connected/linked/
related/resemble/tied Consistent pattern/results
Closer examination/inspection/look Constant rate
Cognitive ability/development/skills Constituent elements/parts
Collaborative learning Contain information/(an) element
Collect date/information Contemporary debate/issue/life/society/world
Collective action/identity/memory Contextual factors
Combined effect Continued existence/growth/use/
Come into conflict/contact Continuous process
Commercial activity/transaction Contribute significantly
Commit (a) crime/(an) offence Contribute to (the) development
Controversial issue
17
Conventional view/wisdom Demographic change/characteristics/factor
Convey information/meaning/(a) message Demonstrate competence
Convincing evidence Densely populated
Coping strategy Deny access
Core area/element/issue/skills/value Dependent variable
Correct interpretation/(an) error Describe (a) method/(a) process/(a) procedure
Counter argument Descriptive statistics
Cover (a) range/topic/(an) area Desired outcome
Create conditions/opportunities/problems/ Detailed analysis/examination/information/
(an) environment/(an) impression/(an) study
opportunity Develop (a) method/strategy/technique/
Creative process/thinking/work theory/(an) approach/(an) argument
Criminal offence Developmental process/stage
Critical analysis/approach/attention/essay/ Diagnostic test
evaluation/examination/factor/importance/ Differ considerably/significantly/widely
inquiry/introduction/issue/perspective/point/ Digital information/media/technology
reflection/review/role/scrutiny/theory/
Direct access/communication/consequences/
thinking/writing
contact/evidence/impact/involvement/link/
Critically evaluate observation/relationship/role
Crucial difference/factor/importance/part/ Directly affect/affected/connected/involved/
point/ question/role linked/linked/proportional/related/
Cultural activity/aspect/attitudes/background/ responsible
boundary/change/context/differences/dimensi Disclose information
on/diversity/factors/heritage/history/identity
Discuss (a) topic/(an) issue
/influence/institution/issue/life/norm/
Disposable income
perspective/phenomenon/practice/significance
/theory/tradition/values Distinct group/type
Culturally specific Distinctive feature
Current climate/issue/policy/research/status/ Distinguishing feature
technology/trend Diverse background/group/range
Currently available Dividing line
Daily living Documentary evidence
Data gathering/set Domestic market/sphere/violence/culture/
Deal with an issue discourse/form/group/ideology/paradigm/
position/role
Deem appropriate/necessary
Dramatic change/effect/increase
Deep understanding
Draw attention/(a) conclusion/(a) distinction/
Deeper level
(a) line
Deeply embedded/rooted
Driving force
Defining characteristic/concept/feature
Due process
Deliberate attempt
Dynamic equilibrium/nature/process/system
Democratic institution/process/society/state
18
Earlier discussion/period/research/stage/ Established order/practice/principle

study/times/version/work E t h i c a l c o n s i d e ra t i o n / d i l e m m a / i s s u e /
Early decades/study principle/problem/question
Easily accessible/identified/understood Ethnic community/differences/diversity/
Easy access group/identity/minority/origin
Economic activity/affairs/analysis/benefits/ Ever changing/increasing
change/conditions/consequences/context/ Evolutionary process/theory
crisis/exploitation/factors/forces/goal/growth Examine (the) role
/inequality/integration/interests/policy/power Exceptional case/circumstances
/prosperity/reform/relations/relationships/
Exercise authority
resources/sector/stability/status/structure/
Existing data/research/structure
success/system/theory/value/welfare
Expand rapidly
Educational institution/opportunity/policy/
programme/provision/qualification/research/ Experience difficulties/problems
setting/system Experiential learning
Effective communication/implementation/ Experimental conditions/date/design/
intervention/management/method/ evidence/method/research/results/study/
participation/policy/treatment work
Electronic access/communication/media/ Expert opinion
resources/version Explanatory power
Emotional impact/intelligence/reaction/ Explore further/(an) issue
response/support Extended period
Empiricaldat a/evidence/investigat ion/ Extensive research
research/study/support/work Extensively used
Employ (a) method/technique E x te r n a l e nv i ro n m e n t / fa c to r s / fo rc e s /
Employment opportunities influences/source/threat/world
Encounter difficulties/problems Extract data/information
Encourage (the) development Extremely complex/powerful/sensitive/
Engage in (an) activity useful/valuable
Enhance learning/performance Face difficulties/discrimination/(a) challenge/
Enormous amount/impact (a) dilemma/(a) problem
Entire period/range Facial expression
Entirely clear/different/new Facilitate (the) development
Environmental changes/concern/ Factual information
consequences/damage/degradation/effects/ Fair treatment
factors/impact/issues/policy/pollution/ Fairly clear/common/obvious/straightforward
protection Fall into (the) category
Equal access/opportunity/status/treatment Far removed
Equally important/likely/true/valid Federal agency/government/state
Essential component/element/feature/ Feminist movement
function/information/role Field research
Establish (a) relationship
19
Final analysis/answer/chapter/decision/ aspect/category/conclusion/consensus/
outcome/phase/point/position/product/ definition/feature/formula/overview/principle
result/section/stage/step/version /statement/tendency/theory/trend
Financial affairs/assistance/institution/ Generally accepted/agree/assumed/
management/market/problem/resources/ considered/found/known
support Genetic variation
Find evidence/information Geographic (al) area/distribution/location
Finite number Get involved
Firmly established Give access/consent/consideration/emphasis/
First author/contact/draft/encounter/ evidence/feedback/priority/guidance/
generation/impression/phase/priority information/insight/(a) presentation/(an)
Flexible approach explanation/(an)indication/(an)overview/
Focal point (sb an) impression /treatment
Focus attention Given information/period
Focus on (an) aspect Global capitalism/context/culture/economy/
issue/market/marketplace/media/network/
Follow (a) format/(a)procedure/instructions
perspective/shift/structure/trade/village
Following chapter
Government control/department/expenditure/
Foreign currency/investment/investor/policy
intervention/policy
Formal structure
Graphical representation
Free access/movement
Great accuracy/diversity/impact/majority/
Freely available potential/proportion/range/significance
Frequently cited/found/referred/used Greater autonomy/awareness/emphasis/
Fulfill (an) obligation equality/flexibility/likelihood
Full analysis/employment/information/ Greatly enhance/increase/influenced/reduced
participation/potential/range Grow rapidly
Fuller discussion Growing awareness/trend
Fully aware/developed/informed/integrated/ Guiding principle
realized/understand
Hardly surprising
Functional requirement
Have access/consequences/limitations/
Fundamental aspect/assumption/change/ potent ia l/(a)strategy/(a )tendency/(a n)
component/difference/importance/principle/ obligation
problem /question
Heated debate
Fundamentally different
Heavily influenced
Further analysis/consideration/development/
Hierarchical structure
divided/evidence/explanation/information/
High concentration/correlation/expectations/
investigation/research/study
incidence/intensity/level/order/percentage/
Future development/prospects/research/study
priority/probability/profile/proportion/quality
Gain access/information/insight / ra te / s c o re / s t a n d a rd / s t a t u s / t u rn ove r/
Gather data/information unemployment/value
Gender equality/stereotype Higher frequency/degree/education
General agreement/approach/argument/ H i g h ly c h a r g e d / c o m p e t i t ive / c o m p l ex /
20
controversial/correlated/critical/dependent/ responsibility/rights/variable/variation/
desirable/developed/educated/effective/ capitalism/country/development/production/
efficient/influential/likely/problematic/ society
relevant/selective/sensitive/significant/skilled/ Industrialized country/nation
sophisticated/structured/successful/unlikely/ Inextricably linked
valued/variable
Infinite number
Historical account/analysis/background/
Information flow/gathering/processing/
change/circumstances/context/data/
retrieval/sharing
development/event/evidence/factors/interpret
Informed consent
ation/knowledge/period/perspective/reality/r
ecord/ roots/study/writing Initial period/phase/position/research/stage
Historically specific Institutional arrangement/context/ framework
/structure/support
Hold (a) conference
Integral part
Holistic approach
Integrated approach/system
Homogeneous group
Intellectual property/work
Huge amount
Intensive study
Human activity/behaviour/interaction/society/
species Interested party
Ideally suited Internal affairs/conflict/control/market/
organ/structure
Identify factors/features/(a) problem/
(a)way/(an) area/(an) issue International agreement/body/community/
conference/context/journal/organization/
Immediate environment
treaty
Immediately apparent/following/obvious/
Internet access
preceding
Interpersonal relationships/skills
Imported goods/products
Interpret data
Impose constraints/limitations/restrictions
Intimate relationship
Improved performance
Intimately connected
Increase awareness/(the) dramatically/(the)
likelihood Intrinsic value
Increased awareness/competition/demand/ Introduce legislation
importance/interest/level/number/pressure/ Introductory chapter/section/text
production/productivity/risk Keenly aware
Increasing awareness/complexity/demand/ Key area/aspect/characteristic/component/
emphasis/importance/interest/pressure/ concept/element/factor/feature/findings/
proportion/tendency/trend issue/objective/player/policy/principle/role/
Increasingly aware/common/complex/ source/text/theme/topic
difficult/important/ popular/sophisticated Large majority/percentage/portion/
Independent state/variable proportion/quantities/range
Indigenous people/population Largely based/confined/determined/ignored/
Individual behaviour/case/characteristics/ responsible
choice/component/differences/element/ Later work/writings
experience/interests/item/needs/response/ Lead to (the) conclusion
21
Leading role (a) statement/(a)transition/(an) argument/(an)
Learning activity/difficulties/environment/ assessment/(an)assumption/ (an)impact/(an)
objective/outcome/process/resources/strategy impression/(an) observation/(a) judgement
Legal action/basis/framework/issue/ Male dominance
obligation/position/proceedings/protection/ Manual worker
requirement/right/rule/status/system Manufacturing sector
Legislative measures/power Marked contrast
Liberal democracy Markedly different
Lifelong learning Maximum duration
Likely impact/outcome Mean score
L i m i te d a c c e s s / c a p a c i t y / i n fo r m a t i o n / Meaningful way
opportunity/range/resources Media coverage
Linear relationship Medical assistance/treatment
Literal interpretation/meaning/sense Meet criteria/expectations/ (a) requirement/ (a)
Literary text/tradition target/ (an) objective
Little evidence/impact/information/research/ Mental health/illness/state/disorder/hospital
significance Methodological approach/issue/problem
Living conditions/organism/standard Metropolitan area
Local area/authority/circumstances/ Middle income/management
community/culture/economy/government
Migrant worker
Logical approach/argument/conclusion
Military action/force/power/service
Long duration/established
Minimum level/requirement/standard/value/
Longitudinal study wage
Low income/intensity/level/percentage/ Minor change/role
priority/probability/profile/quality/status/
Minority group
turnover/unemployment
Missing data
Lower frequency/class
Modern culture/method/society/technology
Main area/argument/category/characteristics/
Modified form/version
component/element/factor/feature/findings/
focus/function/issue/principle/source/task/ Moral dilemma/philosophy/principle
theme Multiple identities/sources
Mainly concerned Municipal government
Maintain contact Mutual recognition/support/trust/
Major advantage/area/cause/challenge/ understanding
change/component/concern/contribution/deci Mutually exclusive
sion/difference/factor/feature/focus/impact/ Narrow definition/range
implications/influence/issue/part/problem/rea National average/boundary/conference/
son/role/shift/source/theme culture/economy/government/identity/income
Make adjustments/arrangements/available/ /institution/interest/language /legislation/
aware/contact/(a) contribution/explicit/policy/ market/media/movement/policy/press/
provision/visible/(a) comment/(a) distinction/ security/survey
(a) living/(a) prediction/(a) recommendation/ Native speaker
22
Natural conditions/disaster/environment/ rate/structure

history/language/law/order/philosophy/ Overwhelming majority
process/resources/right/science/tendency/ Paid employment
world
Paramount importance
Naturally occurring
Particular area/aspect/emphasis/feature/
Necessary information focus/individual/meaning
Negative aspect/attitude/connotation/ Particularly acute/apparent/appropriate/
consequences/correlation/effect/feedback/ concerned/effective/evident/influential/
impact/outcome/side/stereotype/value/view relevant/sensitive/significant/striking/
Negatively correlated successful/ suited/useful/valuable
New initiative/insight/perspective Partly responsible
Newly acquired/created/discovered/ Party leader
emerging/established/formed Past research
Next decade/generation/phase Peace treaty
Normal conditions/development/distribution/ Perceived importance/need/threat
practice
Perform (a) function/study/task
Notable exception
Personal choice/circumstances/
Nuclear energy/family/power/war/weapon communication/contact/control/experience/
Numerical data/value information/interest/knowledge/quality/
Numerous studies relationship/responsibility/safety/space
Objective criteria/reality Physical activity/appearance/characteristics/
Obtain data/information/ (a) result contact/development/environment/features/
Obvious difference/example/point/reason health/needs/presence/properties/proximity/
science/space/symptom/world
Occur frequently/naturally
Pilot study
Offer insight/ (an) opportunity
Pioneering work
Official statistics
Pivotal role
Once established
Place emphasis
Ongoing debate/process
Planning stage
Online access/database/journal/version
Plausible explanation
Open access
Play (a) role
Opening chapter/section
Political activism/activity/agenda/arena/
Opinion leader
authority/circumstances/climate/conflict/
Optimal solution
consciousness/consensus/consequences/
Oral history/presentation c o n s i d e ra t i o n / c o n tex t / c u l t u re / d e b a te /
Organizing principle dimension/economy/environment/factors/iden
Organizational structure tity/ideology/implication/instability/
Original author/context/data/intent/meaning/ institution/leader/mobilization/movement/
model/position/research/source/text/version/ organization/participation/party/philosophy/
work reality/reform/representation/significance/
Originally developed/intended spectrum/ stability/status/structure
Overall aim/effect/level/performance/picture/ Politically correct/motivated
23
Poorly understood P ro f e s s i o n a l a c t iv i t y / b o dy / c o l l e a g u e /
Popular culture/media development/experience/knowledge / practice/
Pose (a) challenge/problem/question/threat qualification/staff/standard/status/support/
training/work
Positive action/aspect/attitude/connotation/
correlation/discrimination/effect/feature/ Profound effect/impact
feedback/image/impact/influence/outcome/ Prominent feature/member/role
relationship/result/value/view Promote equality/development
Positively associated/correlated Properly understood
Possible consequences/explanation/ Proposed legislation
outcome/source Prove successful/useful
Potential benefits/conflict/customer/harm/ Provide access/assistance/care/context/
impact/problem/risk/source/value coverage/data/evidence/feedback/guidance/
Potentially dangerous information/material/resources/support/
Powerful force/group/influence/tool feedback/insight/(a) benefit/(a)clue/ (a) focus/
Practical consideration/difficulties/issue/ ( a ) fo u n d a t i o n / ( a ) s e r v i c e / ( a ) s o u rc e /
significance (a) summary/(an)alternative/(an)example/
(an)explanation/(an)illustration/(an)indication
Preceding chapter/discussion/section
/ (an)opportunity/(an)overview
Precise definition/nature
Public access/administration/attitudes/
Predictive power
authority/awareness/debate/discourse/display
Preferential treatment /domain/expenditure/funds/image/institution
Preliminary data/findings/result /perception/policy/sector/sphere/transport/
Premature death welfare
Present context/data/difficulties/evidence/ Publicly available
(a) challenge/ (a) summary/(an)argument Publish research/(a) journal/(a) report/
Presidential election (an) article
P rev i o u s c h a p t e r / d e c a d e / d i s c u s s i o n / Published literature/material/research/work
experience/generation/knowledge/paragraph/ Purchasing power
part/research/section/study/work Qualitative analysis/approach/data/method/
Previously described/discussed/known/ research/study
mentioned/thought Qualitatively different/analysis/approach/
Primarily concerned/responsible data/method/research/result/study
Primary aim/care/concern/data/education/ Racial differences/discrimination/equality/
focus/function/objective/purpose/reason/ group/stereotype
research/responsibility/source/task Radical change/critique/differences/
Prime example/time transformation
Principal source Radically different
Prior experience/knowledge Raise awareness/(a) question/(an) issue
Private individual/investment/sector/sphere Random error/sample/variable
Privileged position Randomly assigned/chosen/selected
Problem area Rapid expansion
Process data/information Rapidly changing/growing
24
Raw data Rich source

Reach (a)consensus/(a) peak/(an) agreement Rising cost
Readily accessible/available/understood Risk assessment
Ready access Roughly equal/equivalent
Real issue Ruling class/party
Receive feedback/information/treatment Rural area/community/economy/population/
Recent decades/evidence/research/study/ society
survey Salient characteristic/feature
Reciprocal relationship Scarce resources
Record data Schematic representation
Recurrent theme Scholarly journal/literature/research/work
Reduce emissions/stress/(the) likelihood Scientific community/discourse/evidence/
Reflective practice/question investigation/method/objectivity/research/
Regional development/differences/variation theory
Regulatory agency/framework Secondary data/education/source
Related activity/area/aspect/factor/ Security policy
information/issue/problem/question/topic Seek help/information
Relative autonomy/merits/status Seem appropriate/obvious/plausible/unlikely
Relatively common/constant/few/high/little/ Seminal study/work
l ow / m i n o r / ra re / re c e n t / s i m p l e / s t a b l e / Senior management
straight forward Separate entity
Relevant data/factors/information/issue/ Serious challenge/consequences/offence
literature/material Serve (a) function
Reliable data/information Service sector
Religious belief/faith/freedom/group/identity/ Set (a) goal/ (a) target/(an) objective/ (the)
movement/practice agenda/ (the) parameters
Rely heavily Severely affect
Remain constant/stable/unchanged/unclear S ex u a l a b u s e / a c t / b e h av i o u r / c o n t a c t /
Remarkably similar difference/exploitation/identity/intercourse/
Renewable energy orientation/violence
Renewed interest Share information
Report data/findings Shared experience/meaning/values
Representative government Sharp contrast/distinction
Require consideration/knowledge/resources Shift emphasis
Research effort/evidence/findings/ Short duration/period
methodology/purposes/topic Show vidence/variation/ (a) tendency/(a) trend
Resolve (a) conflict/dispute Sign (a) treaty
Respond appropriately Significant amount/change/contribution/
Review (a) study correlation/degree/development/difference/
Revised edition/version effect/factor/feature/figures/growth/impact/
25
improvement/increase/influence/interaction/ Standard approach/error/format/method
number/part/portion/proportion/reduction/ Stark contrast
relationship/role/shift/variation Start (a) process
Significantly affect/correlated/higher/ State explicitly/sector
increase/reduced
Statistical analysis/data/information/method/
Similar approach/argument/characteristics/ significance/technique/test
effect/issue/pattern/properties/result/
Statistically significant
situation
Store data/information
Simplified version
Strategic decision/importance/management/
Single currency/element/entity/individual/
objective/planning
issue/source/variable
Stress level
Skilled worker
Striking contrast/example/feature
Slightly different/higher
Strong bond/correlation/emphasis/evidence/
Slow process
link/reaction/relationship/tendency
Small fraction/minority/percentage/portion/
S t ro n gly a g re e / a s s o c i a te d / c o r re l a te d /
proportion/quantities
disagree/influenced/linked/opposed/related/
Social activity/aspect/attitudes/background/ suggest
behaviour/circumstances/conflict/
Structural adjustment/change/element/
consequences/construct/contact/context/
feature/properties
democracy/dimension/environment/equality/
Subject area
exclusion/expectations/factors/function
/identity/implications/inequality/institution Subsequent analysis/chapter/development/
/integration/interaction/insolation/mobility/ study/work
movement/norm/organization/phenomenon/ Substantial amount/difference/evidence/
policy/reform/relationship/responsibility/ number/part
setting/significance/status/structure/theory/ Substantially different
transformation/trend/welfare Successful implementation
Socially acceptable/constructed/desirable/ Sufficient condition/detail/evidence/
responsible information/resources
Socioeconomic status Superior performance
Solar energy/panel/power/system Support (an) argument
Source material Supporting evidence
Sovereign state Survey data
Sparsely populated Symbiotic relationship
Special circumstances/emphasis/issue/ Systematic analysis/approach/study
relationship/status Tacit knowledge
Specific area/aspect/case/characteristic/ Take initiative/precedence/responsibility/
context/example/factor/feature/focus/form/ (a) role/ (an) approach
function/information/issue/ knowledge/ Take into consideration
meaning/needs/problem/purpose/question/
Take on (the) role
reference/sense/type
Take up (the)role
Specifically designed
Target audience
26
Teaching strategy Use criteria/effectively/resources/sparingly/

Technical aspect/assistance/detail/expertise/ statistics/(a) format/(a)method/
issue/knowledge/problem/skill/support/term (a) methodology/(a) procedure/(a) source/
Technological advances/change/development/ (a) strategy/(a) technique/(a) theory/
innovation/progress (an) approach/ (the) analysis/(the) definition
Test score/ (a) theory Use (the) concept
Textual analysis Use (the) Data
Thematic analysis Useful information/material/means/source/
summary/tool
Theoretical analysis/approach/basis/concept/
debate/framework/issue/model/perspective/ Valid argument
study/understanding/work Valuable information/resources
Think differently Various aspects
Thinking process Vary considerably/greatly/significantly/widely
Third party Varying degree
Thought process Vast amount/area/array/majority/number/
Tightly controlled quantities/range
Top management Verbal communication/Language
Total income Vested interest
Totally different Virtual community
Traditional approach/culture/form/method/ Virtually impossible
practice/research/society/value/view Visual image/media/perception/representation
Transferable skill Vital importance/part/role
Transmit data/information Vulnerable group
Transport system Welfare reform
Treat differently/equally Well aware/designed/documented/educated/
Typical example established/received
Ultimate goal Western democracy/society/tradition
Undergo transformation Whole area/period/range
Underlying assumption/cause/principle/ Wide area/array/range/variation
process/reason/structure/ Widely accepted/adopted/available/believed/
Undertake research work/(an) activity different/discussed/dispersed/distributed/
Unequal power known/read/recognized/regarded/shared/ used
Unfair treatment Wider audience/community/context/
implications /issue /public /society
Unintended consequences
Widespread acceptance/belief/support/use
Unique individual/opportunity/position
Work effectively
Universally accepted
Written comment/communication/statement
Unlimited access
Younger generation
Unskilled worker
Urban area/centre/design/development/
environment
27
PASSAGE - 1 Respiratory- connected with breathing-lkal ls

lEcfU/kr
It's soccer's newest power player; a ball called the
sOccket generates and stores energy as players Detailed Analysis:
kick it, then provides energy at home. Fifteen 1. Backward reading ls] bl passage esa igys
minutes on the field ___1__ enough energy to …a ball called the sOccket generates and
power a small light for three hours and may help stores energy as players….. vk;k gS vr% energy
people in developing nations like India___2___ dks store djus dh ckr gqbZ gSA vr% lgh answer
kerosene, a leading cause of ___3___illness and option (b) stores gSA
fires. Working on the principle of flashlights that option (a) reserve, irrelevant gSA
charge when shaken, the sOccket is the___4___of
reserve future time ds fy, dksbZ seat, table,
Harvard students Jessica Lin, Julia Silverman,
room etc. j[kus ;k vius lkjs vf/kdkj lqjf{kr j[kus ds
Jessica Matthews and Hemali Thakker and is being
sense esa iz;qDr gksrk gSA
____5____ by the Clinton Global Initiative University
Eg: I have reserved a room in the name of
and the Walmart Foundation.
James.
SSC CPO (pre)- 2016
• The management reserves the right to refuse
1. (a) reserves (b) stores admission.
(c) conserves (d) captures
2. (a) restore (b) substitute Vocabulary Point
(c) supplant (d) replace
Reserve/Book/Keep/Save
3. (a) cardiac (b) pulmonary •• tc fdlh pht dks future time esa available j[kus ds
(c) respiratory (d) cardio- vascular
fy, reserve iz;qDr gksrk gSa rks bl sense esa usually
4. (a) inventory (b) brainchild advance payment dh t:jr ugh gksrhA rFkk
(c) output (d) achievement reserve officially lhV] table etc. j[kus ds fy, iz;qDr
5. (a) promoted (b) funded gksrk gSA
(c) financed (d) sponsored Eg: These seats are reserved for special guests.
• Tkc ge fdlh pht dks future time esa available djokus
Answer Key : ds fy, firm arrangement djrsa gS rFkk advance esa
payment djrsa gSa rks book word iz;qDr gksrk gSA
1. (b) 2.(c) 3.(b) 4.(b) 5.(b)
Eg: She booked a flight to Tokyo.
Word Meanings: • Tkc ge save ;k keep word iz;qDr djrsa gS rks ;s
Kick- to hit somebody/something with your unofficially gksrk gSA
foot- ykr ekjukA Eg: Raja saved/kept me a seat next to him.
Reserve- to ask for a seat, table, room, etc. to be
Collocations: -
available for you- vkjf{kr djukA
• reserve/book a place/seat/table/ticket
Store- to put something somewhere and keep
it there to use later • reserve/order/book something for seven
Conserve-to use as little of something as possible o'clock/ this evening/midday etc.
so that it lasts a long time - lajf{kr djukA
Option (c) conserve, irrelevant gSA conserve
Capture- to catch a person or an animal and keep dk vFkZ&“fdlh pht dks FkksM+k&FkksM+k use djuk rkfd oks
them as a prisoner - idM+ukA
yEcs le; rd pys ;k fdlh pht dks destroy gksus ls
Supplant-to take the place of somebody/
cpkus ds fy, protect djuk” gksrk gSA
something - fdlh dk LFkku ysukA
Eg: Help to conserve energy by insulating your
Pulmonary-connected with the lungs-QsaQM+ksa ls
lEcf/krA home.
28
• New laws to conserve wildlife in the area. 4. sOccket, dqN Harvard students dk invention
Option(d) captures, factually wrong gSA gSA fdlh O;fDr ;k dqN yksxks ds idea ;k invention ds
capture fdlh O;fDr ;k tkuoj dks idM+us ds sense esa fy, brainchild word iz;qDr gksrk gSA
iz;qDr gksrk gSA energy ds fy, capture iz;qDr ugh gksrkA Eg: The TV programme was the brainchild of
Eg: The animals are captured in nets and sold the producer.
to local zoos. vr% lgh answer option(b) brainchild gSA
2. Option(a) restore, irrelevant gSA restore dk vFkZ& option (a) inventory, irrelevant gSA inventory
“fdlh pht dks iqjkuh voLFkk esa ykuk” gksrk gSA dk vFkZ& 'stock' ds sense esa gksrk gSA
Eg: The measures are intended to restore public option (c) output, factually wrong gS A
confidence in the economy. option (d) achievement, red herring gSA
Option (b) substitute, red herring gS A 5. Option (a) promoted, factually wrong gSA
Substitute dk vFkZ& “fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq dh txg promote fdlh product ;k service dks
ysukA” sentence ds sense ds according rks advertising ;k special price )kjk popular djus
substitute lgh gS ysfdu bldh structure different ds fy, iz;qDr gksrk gSA
gksrh gSA Eg: The company's products have been
(i) Substitute for somebody/something promoted mainly through advertising in
Eg: Nothing can substitute for the advice your newspapers.
doctor is able to give you. Collocations:
(ii) Substitute A for B • promote/advertise/market/push a
Eg: Margarine can be substituted for butter in product/book/movie/CD/album
this recipe. Option (d) sponsored, factually wrong gSA
(iii) Substitute B with/by A sponsor dk vFkZ& fdlh dEiuh )kjk fdlh event ;k
Eg: Butter can be substituted with margarine programme ds fy, iSls nsuk rkfd ml dEiuh dh
in this recipe.
advertising gksA
Option(d) replace, red herring gSA
Eg: Many sports events on TV used to be
sponsored by the tobacco industry.
Note : Replace dk vFkZ& “fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq dh txg
Collocations:
nqljs O;fDr ;k nqljh oLrq dks dke esa ysukA” • T h e m a i n / p r i n c i p a l s p o n s o r / p a t ro n /
Eg: He carefully replace the vase on the shelf. donor
bl sentence esa replace dk Hkko ;g gS fd ,d • a major/ potential sponsor/ patron/ donor
vase tks VwV x;k ;k iqjkuk gks x;k mldh txg ,d u;k • look for/seek/find/get a sponsor/
vase j[k fn;k x;k gSA replace word ls ;g Hkko ugha patron/ donor/ backer
vkrk gS fd tks u;k vase j[kk gS oks iqjkus okys ls modern Option (c) financed, red herring gSA finance dk
;k T;knk vPNk gS Replace rFkk supplant nksuks vFkZ& “fdlh project ds fy, money provide
synonymous gSa ysfdu fdlh iqjkuh ;k less modern djokuk” gksrk gSA
pht dks replace djus ds sense esa supplant word Eg: The building project will be financed by the
iz;qDr gksrk gS rFkk supplant word dk use formal gSA government.
Eg: Computers have largely supplanted Tkc fdlh project ds fy, officially money
typewriters. provide dh tkrh gS rks fund word iz;qDr gksrk gS rFkk
,sls project tks yEcs le; rd pyrs gSa ;k lky nj lky
vr% lgh answer option(c) supplant gSA repeat gksrs gS rks ,slh situation esa finance dh ctk;
3. Kerosene ds use ls lungs dh chekfj;ka gksrh gSa tSls& usually fund word iz;qDr gksrk gSA vr% lgh answer
T.B., Pneumonia etc. option (b) funded gSA
lungs ls related ds sense ds fy, pulmonary Eg: The venture is funded entirely by its
word iz;qDr gksrk gS vr% lgh answer option (b) board of directors.
pulmonary gSA Collocations:
option (c)respiratory, red herring gSA • fund/finance/support/sponsor/a
option (a) cardiac and option (d) cardio-
project/programme/a campaign/research.
vascular, factually wrong gSA
29
PASSAGE - 2 Word Meanings:

Gadgets - a small tool or device - ;a= ;k e'khu
Every month, scientists _____1_____ new gadgets
Awareness- knowing something- tkx:drk
and new ways to make technology faster and
better. Our homes are full of hardware (such as Teenagers- a person who is between 13 and 19
DVD players and computers) and ____2___(such as years old- fd'kksj@ fd'kksjh
computer games and MP3s)____3____suggests, Invent - to produce or design something -
however, that it is the young people who are the vkfo"dkj djuk
best able to deal with this change. Whereas Discover - to find somebody/something that
teenagers have no problem ____4____ a DVD player, was hidden-[kkstuk
their parents and grandparents often find using Complicate - to make something more difficult
new technology ___5___ and different. But if you are to do
a teenager who criticizes your parents for their
___6___of technological awareness, don't be too Detailed Analysis
hard on them! Sometimes ___7___ the future, when
1. option (a) found, irrelevant gSA Scientists
you have got children of your own, your ____8____ to
dHkh new gadgets dks found ugh djrsa gSaA
deal with new technology will probably ____9_____
option (b) estimate, irrelevant gSA
and your children will feel more _____10_____ with
new technology than you do. Estimate dk vFkZ& “fdlh pht ds fy, cost,
size, value etc. dk vuqeku yxkuk” gksrk gSA
(SSC CGL 2015)
Structure:
1. (a) found (b) estimate
(c) invent (d) discover (i) estimate something at something
2. (a) software (b) screens Eg: Police estimate the crowd at 70,000.
(c) gadgets (d) laptops (ii) It is estimated that……
3. (a) industry (b) experiment Eg: It is estimated that the project will
(c) program (d) research last four hours.
4. (a) inventing (b) operating
(c) discovering (d) explaining Vocabulary Point
5. (a) sudden (b) unique • Estimate or costing
(c) complicated (d) automatic fdlh dk;Z ds fy, dqy cost dk vuqeku yxkus ds sense
6. (a) storage (b) lack ds fy, estimate word iz;qDr gksrk gSA fdlh service
(c) effect (d) amount ;k product dh vuqekfur costs dh detailed lists ds
7. (a) in (b) at fy, costing ;k costings iz;qDr gksrk gSA
(c) on (d) to Eg: Here is a detailed costing of our proposals.
8. (a) talent (b) master • Estimate or Judge
(c) ability (d) possibility Tkc cost ;k time ds vuqeku dh ckr gks rks estimate
9. (a) able (b) please word iz;qDr gksrk gSA
(c) decrease (d) easy Eg: We got estimates for the repair work from
10. (a) easy (b) comfortable three firms and accepted the lowest.
(c) pleased (d) able • Tkc distance ;k speed ds vuqeku dh ckr gks rks Judge
word iz;qDr gksrk gSA
Answer Key :
Eg: It is difficult to judge how long the journey
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5.(c)
will take.
6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (b)
30
Collocations: Option (b) experiment, Red herring gSA

• estimate/judge/guess/reckon/assess/ Experiments ls ge dqN phtsa suggest dj ldrsa gSa
calculate something from/at something. ysfdu ;gka ftl rjg ds suggestion dh ckr dh gS og
• a rough estimate/ guess/count/calculation. research )kjk gh possible gSA vr% lgh answer
option (d) research gSA
• accurate/precise/quick/approximate
estimate/count/calculation. Experiment ls lEcfU/kr Collocations-
• make a (an) estimate/ guess/calculation. • to do/perform/conduct an experiment.
• proved by experiment.
option (d) discover, Red herring gSA discover
• (a/an) experiment/test/testing/trial on
dk vFkZ fdlh place ;k thing ds ckjs esa igyh ckj irk
something.
djuk fd ,slk place ;k ,slh thing ekStwn gS ysfdu nqfu;k
• (a/an) experiment/test/testing/trial/pilot
mlds ckjs esa ugh tkurh gSA
study to do something.
Eg. Christopher Columbus discovered
• carry out/conduct (a/an) experiment/
America in 1492.
test/testing/trial/pilot study.
Option (c) invent lgh answer gSA invent dk vFkZ &
,slh pht dks cukuk ;k rS;kj djuk tks igys ls vfLrRo esa uk 4. Option (a) inventing and option (c)
gksA discovering nksuks irrelevant gSaA
Eg. – James watt invented the steam engine. option (d) explaining Hkh irrelevant gS D;ksafd
;gka scientists )kjk u;s gadgets rS;kj djus dh ckr gks DVD player dks explain djus dk dksbZ sense ugh
jgh gSA vr% invent lgh word gSA curkA fdlh concept, theory, idea etc. ds fy,
2. bl sentence esa igys hardware vk;k gS rFkk fQj explain vk ldrk gSA ysfdu fdlh gadget dks pykus ds
hardware ds example fn, x, gSaA blds ckn blank fy, operate lgh word gSA
space gS vkSj dqN example fn;s gSa] tks examples vr% lgh answer option (b) operating gSA
fn, gSa oks lHkh software ds gSaA vr% ;gka lgh answer 5. ;gka ;s ckr gks jgh gS fd teenagers dks ubZ technology
option (a) software gSA hardware and ls dksbZ problem ugh gS tcfd muds parents rFkk
software nksuks feydj gh fdlh gadget dks complete grandparents ubZ technology ds lkFk ugh py ik jgsa
djrsa gSaA 'ks"k rhuksa options - screens, gadgets, gSaA
laptops, irrelevant gSaA vr% Option (a) sudden, factually wrong gSA
3. bl sentence esa suggestion dh ckr dh gS fd young Option (b) Unique, factually wrong gSA
people, change dks best rjhds ls deal dj ldrsa gSaA ;s Option (d) Automatic, irrelevant gSA
dkSu suggest dj jgk gSA bldk answer gh bl blank Option (c) complicated - lgh gS D;ksafd parents
space esa vk,xkA dks ubZ technology complicated yxrh gSA
Option (a) industry, irrelevant gSA 6. Option (a) storage, irrelevant gSA awareness
option (c) program, irrelevant gSA dk storage possible ugh gSA
option (c) effect, irrelevant gSA
Vocabulary Point:
option (d) amount, irrelevant gSA amount of
(i) British English es a programme rFkk
American English esa program word iz;qDr djrsa gSA technical awareness dk dksbZ vFkZ ugh gSA
awareness dks measure ugh fd;k tk ldrkA
(ii) Programme or show?
option (b) lack lgh gS D;ksafd lack of technical
fdlh serious TV or Radio izksxzke ds fy,
awareness dh otg ls teenagers vius parents dks
programme word iz;qDr gksrk gSA
criticize djrsa gSA
Eg: She hosts a news programme on TV.
7. in the future lgh phrase gSA 'ks"k rhuksa & at the
fdlh informal TV or Radio izksxzke ds fy, show
future, on the future, to the future,
word iz;qDr gksrk gSA
grammatically wrong gSA vr% lgh answer
Eg: What time is that show on?
option (a) in gSA
31
8. Option (a) talent, Red herring gSA talent ds fy, • Capacity fdlh factory ;k machine dh mRiknu
structure – talent for something rFkk talent {kerk dks n'kkZus ds fy, Hkh iz;qDr gksrh gSA
for doing something gksrh gSA Eg: The factory is working at full capacity.
Eg: He showed considerable talent for getting • Capability lkekU;r ability dk extreme :Ik gksrh gSA
what he wanted. Eg: I might say that while I have the ability to
Option (b) master, irrelevant gSA write, I don't have the capability to write a
option (d) possibility, irrelevant gS D;ksafd ;gka novel.
new technology ls deal djus dh possibility dh • ;fn ge fdlh specific product (i.e. software) dh
ckr ugh dh gSA dk;Z{kerk etc dh ckr djsa rks mlds fy, lkekU;r%
Option (c) ability lgh answer gSA Capability word iz;qDr gksrk gSA
Ability ds fy, structure – Ability to do Eg: MS word has three capabilities – edit
something gksrh gSA tables, copy and paste, styles etc.
Eg: A gentle form of exercise will increase your • beyond/within the capabilities of current
ability to relax. technology.
• Capabilities fdlh task dks iwjk djus ds fy, vko';d
Vocabulary Point: tools ;k physical attributes dks n'kkZrh gS tcfd
Ability, Capability, Capacity abilities fdlh dk;Z dks djus dh skills ;k training dks
• Ability, Capability and Capacity cgqr lkjs vFkksZa esa n'kkZrh gSA
lekukFkZd gS rFkk ;s lHkh fdlh O;fDr ;k e'khu )kjk fdlh Eg: All nations at the world cup are able to
dk;Z dks dj ldus ds power dks n'kkZus ds fy, iz;qDr gksrs win. (vFkkZr~ lHkh ns'k thr ldrs gSa ;g laHko gSA)
gSaA • While only a few are realistically capable of
Eg: One might have the ability/Capability/ winning. (vFkkZr~ dsoy dqN ns'kks esa thrus dh ;ksX;rk gSA)
Capacity to read two books in a week.
• Capability lkekU;r% organizations, groups or
• Capacity generally fdlh container ;k space ds Companies ds fy, iz;qDr gksrh gS tcfd ability
volume and quantity dks iznf'kZr djrk gS rFkk lkekU;r% fdlh O;fDr ds fy, iz;qDr gksrh gSA
T;knkrj bldk iz;ksx singular gh gksrk gSA Eg: The company's manufacturing capability
Eg: The theatre has a seating capacity of 7000. is limited.
• The vehicle's fuel capacity is 120 litres. • A country's nuclear/military/defence/
• Capacity dbZ ckj le>us ;k dk;Z djus dh {kerk ds fy, weapons capability.
Hkh iz;qDr gksrk gSA • She showed a high level ability as a runner.
Eg: This maths is beyond the capacity of most • Ability fdlh xq.k dk actual level gksrk gS tcfd
school children. capability fdlh xq.k dk potential level gksrk gSA
• His capacity for learning languages
Eg: ,d NksVk cPpk lk/kkj.k la[;kvksa dks xq.kk dj ldrk gS
astonished me.
rks ,slk dj ikuk mldh ability gSA ysfdu tSls&tSls oks
Collocations: cPpk cM+k gksxk oks cM+h la[;kvksa dk xq.kk Hkh dj ysxkA vFkkZRk~
• a capacity for hard work/humour/enjoying ge dg ldrs gSa fd ml cPps esa vkt Hkh cM+h la[;kvksa dk
life/love/reflective thinking. xq.kk djus dh capability gSA
• do something in a business/judicial/ Collocations:
professional/voluntary capacity. • The ability/capability/capacity/power to do
• Humans and animals esa] capacity tUetkr gksrh gS something.
tcfd abilities lh[kh tkrh gSaA • Beyond/within your ability/capability/
Eg: A child might be born with the capacity to capacity/power.
become a chef, but the ability to cook must be
learned.
32
9. sentence ds sense ds according option (c) /a test/a longitudinal study/ observations/

decrease lgh gSA vU; rhuksa options - able, please, clinical trials
easy, irrelevant gSaA • run an experiment/a simulation/clinical
10. Option (a) easy, grammatically wrong gSA easy, trials
lkekU;r% to ;k for preposition ysrk gS rFkk easy tc • repeat an experiment/a test/an analysis
preposition 'with' ysrk gS rks bldk vFkZ careful jgus • replicate a study/the results/the findings
ds sense esa gksrk gSA • observe/study/examine/investigate/asses
Eg. Easy with that chair – one of its legs is loose. a pattern/a process/a behaviour
Option (c) pleased, grammatically wrong gSA • fund/support the research/project/study
pleased dks qualify djus ds fy, adverb much ;k • seek/provide/get/secure funding for
very dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS u fd more dkA research
Eg: He was very pleased with his exam results.
• collect/gather/extract data/information
• I was much pleased with her letter.
• yield data/evidence/similar findings/the
option (d) able, grammatically wrong gS D;ksafd same results
able, preposition 'to' ysrk gS u fd 'with'. • analyse/examine the data/soil samples/a
Eg. You must be able to speak French for this specimen
job.
• consider/compare/interpret the results/
Option (b) comfortable lgh answer gSA
findings
comfortable dks qualify djus ds fy, more iz;qDr
• confirm/support/verify a prediction/a
gksrk gS rFkk comfortable preposition 'with' ysrk
gSA hypothesis/the results/the findings
• prove a conjecture/hypothesis/theorem
Eg: He is more comfortable with computers
than with people. • draw/make/reach the same conclusions
Passage ds Hkko ds vuqlkj Hkh comfortable lgh gSA • read/review the records/literature
• describe/report an experiment/a study
• present/publish/summarize the results/
Scientific Research ls lacaf/kr collocations- findings
• formulate/advance a theory/hypothesis • present/publish/read/review/cite a paper
• build/ co nstruct/ create/ develo p a in a scientific journal
simple/theoretical/mathematical model
• d eve l o p / e s t a b l i s h / p rov i d e / u s e a
theoretical/ conceptual framework
• explore an idea/a concept/a hypothesis
• make a prediction/an inference
• investigate/evaluate/accept/challenge/
reject a theory/hypothesis/model
• design an experiment/a questionnaire/a
study/a test
• do research/an experiment/an analysis
• make ob servat ions/mea surements/
calculations
• carry out/conduct/perform an experiment
33
PASSAGE - 3 Word Meanings:

Tale- a story created using the
In a survey ___1___ by a library, it was recently
imagination-dgkuh
___2___ that parents wish their children to read
books with high moral ___3___. Around two Filthy - very dirty and unpleasant – cgqr gh
[kjkc
thousand parents were interviewed and most of
them ____4____ Dicken “The Christmas Carol” as a Scrooge - a person who is very unwilling to
must-read for children. This Christmas tale spend money- datwl
___5____ the filthy rich but ___6____ Scrooge and the Concur - to agree – lger gksuk
poor but contented Cratchit family offers lessons Infer - deduce - urhtk fudkyuk
in moral duties. Another book which many Reveal - Disclose – izR;{k djuk
parents marked out as a ___7___ read was Austens
Dilemma- A difficult situation or problem –
“ Pride and Prejudice”. The choice of this book was nqfo/kk
rather ___8____ because, this romantic novel is
Stingy - not given or giving willingly- datwl
more likely to ___9____teenagers, than children.
Finicky; Fussy - too worried about what you eat,
Since Elizabeth's final choice of Darcy is deeply
wear, etc – rqudfetkt
rooted in strong moral ____10___, the parents,
probably thought, she offers a good example for Mandatory - required by law – vfuok;Z
the girl child to follow. Unnerving - to make somebody feel nervous
(SSC CGL 2015) or frightened- ngyk nsus okyk
1. (a) conducted (b) maintained Unsuspected - not predicted or known- vdfYir
(c) employed (d) circulated Repulse- to make somebody feel disgust or
2. (a) concurred (b) inferred strong dislike; Repale–izfr'kks/k djuk
(c) exposed (d) revealed Distract – Divert - /;ku Hkax djuk
3. (a) dilemma (b) content
(c) deliberation (d) ground
Detailed Analysis
4. (a) restored (b) recommended 1. bl sentence esa ,d library )kjk surve djokus dh
(c) revised (d) remarked ckr gqbZ gSA survey ds lkFk conduct ;k carry out dk
collocation gSA
5. (a) involving (b) revolving
(c) employed (d) employing Eg: conduct a survey ;k carry out a survey
6. (a) stingy (b) fastidious vr% option (a) conducted lgh gS vU; rhuksa
(c) finicky (d) fussy options - maintained, employed, circulated,
irrelevant gSaA
7. (a) credible (b) reconciliatory
(c) mandatory (d) conclusive 2. bl blank space esa survey ds urhtksa dh ckr gqbZ gSA
8. (a) unnerving (b) unsuspected survey ds urhtksa ds fy, collocation fuEu izdkj gS&
(c) unfortunate (d) unexpected Eg: The survey revealed/ showed that………..
9. (a) repulse (b) distract vr% option (d) revealed lgh gSA
(c) presume (d) attract option (a) concurred, irrelevant gSA concur dk
10. (a) dilemmas (b) discomfort vFkZ fdlh person ;k thing ds lkFk agree gksuk gksrk gSA
(c) disturbances (d) consideration ,slk dksbZ Hkko passage esa ugh gSA
option (b) inferred, Red herring gSA Infer dk vFkZ
Answer key
fdlh information ds vk/kkj ij fdlh opinion ij
1. (a) 2.(d) 3.(b) 4.(b) 5.(a) igqapuk ;k vuqeku yxkuk gksrk gSA bl passage esa
6. (a) 7.(c) 8.(d) 9.(d) 10.(d) survey ds fu"d"kksZa dh ckr dh gS uk fd vuqekuksa dh vr%
34
inferred xyr gSA Option (c) revised, irrelevant gSA revise dk

option (c) exposed, irrelevant gSA exposed dk vFkZ&“ vius plan ;k opinion dks change djuk ;k
vFkZ fdlh attack ;k criticism ls protection ugh fdlh pht dks ckj ckj djuk tks vki igys dj pqdsa gksa ” gksrk
gksuk gksrk gSA gSA
3. bl sentence esa parents ;s pkgrsa gSa fd muds cPps ,slh Option (d) remarked, Red herring gS A
books i<+sa ftuesa high moral dh ckrsa gksaA remarked dk vFkZ fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq ij comment
Option (a) dilemma, Red herring gSA passage ds djuk gksrk gSA ysfdu bldh structure – remarked
context esa ;s wrong gS D;ksafd parents moral ckrksa on/upon something/somebody gksrh gSA
okyh books Ik<+kuk pkgrsa gS uk fd dilemma okyhA Eg: The judges remarked on the high standard
Dilemma dk vFkZ& ,slh situation gksrh gS tc vki of entries for the competition.
equal importance okyh things esa dksbZ pquko ugh dj Collocations:
ikrs gks rFkk ,slh situation vkids fy, problem [kM+h • remark/comment on something
dj nsrh gSA • remark/ comment/ observe to somebody
Eg: She faced a dilemma about whether to • remark/comment/observe/note................
accept the offer or not. that/ how
Option (c) deliberation, irrelevant gS A • make a/an remark/comment/statement/
deliberation dk vFkZ “,slh process gS ftlesa fdlh declaration.
pht ij cgqr /;ku iwoZd discuss fd;k tk;sA”
Option (d) ground, Red herring gSA Vocabulary Point:
Option (b) content, lgh answer gSA moral Remark/Comment/Announcement/
content okyh books dk vFkZ gksrk gS& ,slh books Declaration/Observation.
ftuesa moral ckrsa 'kkfey gksaA ;s lHkh words rc iz;qDr gksrs gSa tc ge dksbZ
4. option (a) restored, irrelevant gSA restore dk information nsrs gSa ;k viuk opinion crkrs gSa pkgs
vFkZ fdlh pht dks nqckjk iqjkuh voLFkk esa ykuk gksrk gSA ,slk fy[kdj ;k cksydjA
dksbZ sense passage esa ugh gSA v Remark- fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq ds fy, viuk opinion
Eg: Order was quickly restored after the riots. ;k thought crkukA
Eg: He made a number of rude remarks about
Vocabulary Point: the food.
• Restore/ Renovate v Comment- fdlh particular situation esa tc vkils
Restore lkekU;r% furniture ;k art work ds fy, dksbZ question iwNk tk;s rks mlds tokc esa vki tks dgrs gSa
iz;qDr gksrk gS tcfd renovate lkekU;r% buildings ds mlds fy, comment word iz;qDr gksrk gSA
fy, iz;qDr gksrk gSA Eg: Maani made some helpful comments on my
Eg: Her job is restoring old paintings. work.
• There will be extensive renovations to the v Statement- Formal way esa dksbZ information ;k
hospital. opinion nsukA
Collocations: Eg: A government spokesperson made a
• restore/renovate/refurbish/redecorate/ statement to the press.
remodel/rebuild a house. v Announcement- ,slk spoken ;k written
• restore/renovate/refurbish/remodel/ statement tks yksxks dks fdlh pht ds ckjs esa inform
djsA
reconstruct a building.
Eg: The announcement of a peace agreement.
v Declaration- ,slk official statement tks dksbZ
belief, intension ;k feeling dks crk;sA
35
Eg: Declaration of war. Vocabulary Point:
v Observation- ,slk comment tks ,slh pht ij (i) Involve or Entail
based gks ftls vkius i<+k] ns[kk ;k lquk gSA • Involve and entail nksuks cgqr ls vFkksZa esa lekukFkZd gSaA
Eg: Raja began by making a few general Eg: The job involves/entails a lot of hard
observations about the report. work.
NOTE (1)- Comment official ;k private gks ldrk Ysfdu tc fdlh problem esa dksbZ particular aspect
gS tcfd remark rFkk observation ges'kk unofficial tSls drugs, violence, risk etc. gks tks fd problem
gksrs gSaA dh izd`fr dks n'kkZrk gks rks ml sense esa involve iz;qDr
NOTE (2)- 'refused to' dsoy comment ds lkFk gksrk gS uk fd entail.
iz;qDr gksrk gS] remark ;k observe ds lkFk ughA Eg: Many of the crimes involved drugs/
Eg: Rex refused to comment until after the violence.
trial. • Any investment involves an element of risk.
(ii) Involve or Concern
option (b) recommended, lgh answer gSA Involve, greater degree dh physical activity dks
Recommend dk vFkZ & fdlh particular dk;Z ds fy, iznf'kZr djrk gS tcfd concern, greater degree of
lq>ko nsuk gksrk gSA ;gka Hkh T;knkrj parents us lq>ko interest or responsibility dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA
fn;k gS rFkk bldh structure-
• The reforms will inevitably involve a lot of new
Recommended somebody/something.... paperwork for teachers.
as/for something gksrh gSA
• Where our children's education is concerned,
Eg: He was recommended for the post by a no compromise is acceptable.
professor Carol.
...recommended Dicken the Christmas Carol 6. bl sentence esa filthy rich collocation vk;k gSA
as a must read for the children. bldk vFkZ& cgqr cgqr T;knk vehj gksuk gksrk gS rFkk blds
5. option (b) revolving, irrelevant gSA revolving ckn but vk;k gS tks generally contradiction
dk vFkZ &“circle esa ?kwe ldus dh {kerk j[kuk” gksrk gSA show djrk gSA vr% blank space esa ,slk word
Eg: a revolving chair. vk,xk tks rich ds lkFk contradiction n'kkZ,A stingy
Option (c) employed, grammatically wrong gS dk vFkZ & “,slk O;fDr gksrk gS tks money spend u
D;ksafd ;gka present participle (V + ing) vk,xk uk fd djuk pkgrk gksA” vr% lgh option (a) stingy gSA
past participle (V + IIIrd form). option (b) fastidious, irrelevant gSA bldk vFkZ&
Option (d) employing, irrelevant gSA employ dk viuh phtksa ds ckjs esa vR;f/kd careful gksuk gksrk gS ;k tks
vFkZ ukSdjh djuk ;k fdlh particular purpose ds fy, dirty ;k untidy phtsa ilan ugh djrkA
skills ;k method apply djuk gksrk gSA ,slk dksbZ option (c) finicky, irrelevant gSA finicky dk vFkZ &
sense passage esa ugh gSA “tks vki [kkrs gks] igurs gks mldk cgqr T;knk /;ku j[kuk
Option (a) involving, correct answer gSA rFkk many things dks dislike djuk gksrk gSA”
involving dk vFkZ & fdlh situation, event, option (d) fussy, finicky dk synonym gSA ,slk
activity etc. dk part gksuk gksrk gSA ;gka Scrooge and dksbZ sense passage esa ugh gSA
Cratchit family ds Christmas tale dk part gksus dh 7. option (a) credible, irrelevant gSA credible dk
ckr gks jgh gSA vFkZ&“ftl ij fo'okl fd;k tk lds” gksrk gSA ,slk dksbZ Hkko
passage esa ugh gSA
Option (b) reconciliatory, irrelevant gSA bldk
vFkZ &“nks yksxks ;k groups dks fdlh yM+kbZ ds ckn nqckjk
nksLr cukus ds sense esa gksrk gSA
36
Option (d) conclusive, irrelevant gSA bldk vFkZ

&“fdlh ckr dks fcuk fdlh doubt ;k confusion ds
lgh prove djuk” gksrk gSA
Eg: Conclusive evidence/proof/results
Option (c) mandatory, lgh gSA vU; rhuksa choices
irrelevant gSa vr% mandatory gh select djuk gksxkA
ysfdu mandatry dk vFkZ &“required by law” gksrk
gS vFkkZr~ ,slh pht ftls dkuwuu ykxw djuk gksA
Eg: It is mandatory for blood banks to test all
donated blood for the virus.
;gka parents ds lq>koksa dh ckr gks jgh gS vr% bl sense
esa must T;knk lgh izrhr gksrk gSA
A must read - ftls t:j i<+k tkuk pkfg,A
A must see – movie ;k play ftls t:j ns[kk tkuk
pkfg,A vkSj blh izdkj a must buy/ do etc…
8. passage esa pride and prejudice book dks
children ds fy, mandatory read crk;k x;k gSA ;s
,d romantic novel gS tks teenagers )kjk ilan dh
tkrh gSA vr% children ds fy, bls recommend djuk
unexpected gSA
Option (a) unnerving, irrelevant gSA bldk vFkZ &
fdlh dks Mjkuk gksrk gSA
blh izdkj option (b) unsuspected rFkk option (c)
unfortunate Hkh irrelevant gSA
vr% lgh answer option(d) unexpected gSA
9. Teenagers, pride and prejudice dks ilan djrsa gSaA
vr% lgh answer option (d) attract gSA
Option (a) Repulse, factually wrong gSaA
Repulse dk vFkZ &'strong dislike' gksrk gS tcfd
passage esa like djus dk Hkko gSA
Option (b) distract, irrelevant gSA bldk vFkZ&
HkVdkuk ;k divert djuk gksrk gSA
Option (c) presume, irrelevant gSA bldk vFkZ fcuk
fdlh proof ds fdlh pht dks lgh ekuuk ;k assume
djuk gksrk gSA
10. ;gka blank space esa positive word vk,xk D;ksafd
passage esa moral lessons dh ckr dh gSA moral
dilemmas, moral discomfort , moral
disturbances rhuksa negative sense nsrsa gSaA vr%
option (d) considerations lgh gSA
37
PASSAGE - 4 Amass - to collect something – laxzg djuk

Intensify-to increase in degree or strength- rhozrk
How the domestication of animals began is not c<+kuk
known. Perhaps there were large numbers of
Render - to cause somebody/something to be in
animals in areas near water where man also were
a particular state or condition – cuk nsuk
___1___ Here man could observe the animals and
Attain - to succeed in getting something- izkIr
study their habits, and this knowledge must have,
djuk
___2____ him to tame them. It was again, easy for an
Blend - to mix two or more substances
___3____people to domesticate animals and feed
together- feykuk
them on the husks of the grain that were left after
threshing. In any event, sheep and goats, pigs and
cattle and later horses and asses were tamed and Detailed Analysis
kept in pens. Man, thus, ___4___ food from the soil 1. option (a) strengthened, irrelevant gSA bldk
and also from animals. In the pens, the animals vFkZ fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq dks vkSj vf/kd stronger cukuk
could be observed even more closely. Calves gksrk gSA ,slk dksbZ sense passage esa ugh gSA
suckling milk must have given man the idea that Option (c) intensified, irrelevant gSA bldk vFkZ &
he too could get food other than meat from cows strength ;k degree dks c<+kuk gksrk gSA
and goats. This practice which combines
Option (b) amassed, Red herring gSA amassed
agriculture with the raising of animals is known
dk vFkZ& fdlh oLrq dks large quantities esa collect
as ____5____ farming. Animals, however, were djuk gksrk gSA ;g yksxks ds ,d txg T;knk ek=k esa bdV~Bk
chiefly used to provide meat and milk, they were gksus ds fy, iz;qDr ugh gksrkA
yet to be used as beasts of burden or to draw the “,slh fLFkfr ;k place tgka yksx vR;f/kd ek=k esa ,df=r gksa
plough. tk;sa ;k jgus yxsa” mlds fy, concentration word
(SSC CGL 2015) iz;qDr gksrk gSA vr% lgh answer option (d)
1. (a) strengthened (b) amassed concentrated gSA
(c) intensified (d) concentrated
2. (a) rendered (b) authorised Vocabulary Point:
(c) enabled (d) modified Amass/Accumulate/Gather/Collect
3. (a) business (b) farming ;s lHkh words, le; ds lkFk fdlh pht dh quantity
(c) rural (d) agricultural c<+krs tkuk ;k fdlh pht dks bdV~Bk djus ds sense ds
4. (a) achieved (b) attained fy, iz;qDr gksrs gSaA
(c) obtained (d) gained v Collect- fofHkUu yksxks ls ;k LFkkuksa ls things ;k
5. (a) blended (b) mixed information dks bdV~Bk djukA
(c) united (d) joined Eg: We have been collecting data from various
sources.
Answer key
• Dirt had collected in the corners of the room.
1. (d) 2.(c) 3.(d) 4.(c) 5.(b)
Hobby ds :Ik esa fdlh pht dks bdV~Bk djus ds fy, Hkh
Word Meanings: collect word gh iz;qDr gksrk gSA
Husk - the dry outer covering of nuts, fruits Eg: To collect coins.
and seeds – fNydk v Gather- pkjksa rjQ fc[kjh gqbZ phtks dks ,d txg ,df=r
Thresh - to separate grains of rice, wheat, etc. by djus ;k different sources ls information ,df=r
hitting it – xkguk djus ds fy, gather word iz;qDr gksrk gSA
Tame - (of animals, birds, etc.) not afraid of Eg: I waited while he gathered up his papers.
people and used to living with them • Detectors have spent months gathering
- ikyrw evidence.
38
NOTE (1)- data, information or evidence dks rhuksa options- achieved, attained, gained,
bdV~Bk djus ds fy, collect ;k gather nksuks words gh irrelevant gSaA
iz;qDr fd, tk ldrs gSaA 5. Mixed farming ,d collocation gSA ftldk vFkZ&
NOTE (2)- tc things, papers or belongings '[ksrh djus ds lkFk&lkFk Ik'kqikyu Hkh djuk' gksrk gSA
etc.. FkksM+h gh nwjh ij fc[kjs iM+s gksa] rks mUgs ,d txg djus collocations:
ds fy, gather word iz;qDr gksrk gSA rFkk nwj&nwj fLFkr •• Organic farming
yksxks ls phtsa ,df=r djus ds sense ds fy, collect • Sheep/ fish……..farming
word iz;qDr gksrk gSA • Modern farming
v Accumulate- le; ds lkFk /khjs&/khjs number ;k vU; rhuksa options- blended, united, joined,
quantity esa o`f) gksukA Red herring gSaA
Eg: I seem to have accumulated a lot of books.
v Amass- money, debt ;k information dks cM+h ek=k Farming ls related collocations:
esa ,df=r djukA
• plant trees/seeds/crops/vines/barley
Eg: He amassed a fortune from silver mining.
• grow/produce corn/wheat/rice/fruit
• They amassed enough evidence to convict her.
• plough/plow land/a field
Collocations:
• sow/harvest seeds/crops/field
• collect/gather/accumulate/amass debts/
• spread manure/fertilizer on something
evidence/information.
• cultivate / irrigate / water/ contaminate
• to accumulate/amass a fortune/debts/ crops/plants/fields/land
dirt/dust/debris.
• damage/destroy /lose your crop
• collected/accumulated to gradually/ • ripen/pick fruit/ berries/grapes
slowly. • press/dry/ferment grapes
• grind/thresh grain/corn/wheat
2. Option (a) rendered, Red herring gSA bldk vFkZ& • raise/rear/keep chickens/poultry /cattle/
fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq dks particular state ;k pigs
condition esa igqapk nsuk gksrk gSA • raise/breed/feed/graze livestock/
Eg: Hundreds of people were rendered cattle/sheep
homeless by the earthquake. • kill/slaughter livestock
option (b) authorized and option (d) • preserve/smoke/cure/salt meat
modified, irrelevant gSA • run a fish farm/an organic dairy
“ fdlh O;fDr dks dqN djus ds fy, possible cuk nsuk” bl • engage in/be involved in intensive
sense esa enable iz;qDr gksrk gSA bldh structure – (pig/fish) farming
enable somebody to do something………. gksrh • use/apply (chemical/organic)
gSA
fertilizer/insecticides/pesticides
The software enables you to create your own • begin/do/conduct field trials of GM (=
DVD's.
Genetically Modified) crops
vr% sense and structure nksuks ds vuqlkj lgh • grow/developGMcrops/seeds/
answer option (c) enabled gSA plants/foods
3. bl blank space ls igys article 'an' vk;k gS vr% tks • fund/invest in genetic engineering/
word vk,xk oks vowel sound okyk gksxkA Business, research
farming, rural rFkk agricultural bu pkjksa options • improve/increase crop yields
esa ls agricultural gh vowel sound ls start gksrk gS • face/suffer from/alleviate food shortages
vr% lgh answer option (d) gSA • eliminate/reduce farm subsidies
4. Soil and animals )kjk man ds food izkIr djus dh • promote/encourage/support
ckr gqbZ gS bl sense esa obtained lgh choice gSA vU; organic/sustainable farming
39
PASSAGE - 5 Dreary - that makes you feel sad-fujk'kktud

Incongruous - strange – vthc
All the political parties of India appear lost in the
Defy- to refuse to obey – fojks/k djuk
____1___exercise of fighting elections. There is
nothing _____2___ about a ____3____ for votes in a Obsess - to completely fill your mind so
democracy as India is and must ____4____. But that you cannot think of anything
democracies defeat themselves when they are else- xzLr djuk
___5___with the ____6____ of politics and must Contend - to say that something is true –
forget its ____7____. The growing political ____8____ nkos ds lkFk dguk
in India ____9____from the political parties
____10____ contempt for any real development.
Detailed Analysis :
(SSC CPO 2015)
1. Option (a) barren, Red herring gSA Barren dk
1. (a) barren (b) dreary
vFkZ & not producing anything useful gksrk gSA
(c) physical (d) bleak
option (b) dreary, irrelevant gSA dreary dk vFkZ &
2. (a) incongruous (b) improper
,slh pht tks vkidks sad and dull cuk;sA
(c) improbable (d) impractical
Option (c) physical, irrelevant gS D;ksafd ;gka
3. (a) thought (b) concern
physical exercise dh ckr ugh gks jgh gSA
(c) worry (d) care
Lkgh answer option (d) bleak gSA Bleak dk vFkZ &
4. (a) defy (b) abide
“,slh situation gS ftlesa Hkfo"; ds fy, dksbZ vk'kk uk
(c) remain (d) reside
jgsA”
5. (a) overwhelmed (b) worried
Passage dk Hkko ;g gS fd India esa political parties
(c) concerned (d) obsessed
dsoy pquko yM+us ds Idea rd gh lhfer gks xbZ gSA muds
6. (a) body (b) form
ikl democracy and development ds fy, dksbZ
(c) idea (d) frame Li"V fn'kk ugh gSA
7. (a) contempt (b) contains 2. Option (b) improper, Red herring gS A
(c) contents (d) contends Improper dk vFkZ& dishonest ;k not suited to
8. (a) optimism (b) positivism the situation gksrk gSA
(c) pessimism (d) pragmatism Option (c) improbable, irrelevant gS A
9. (a) roots (b) stems Improbable dk vFkZ & not likely to be true or to
(c) flowers (d) branches happen gksrk gSA
10. (a) latent (b) explicit option (d) impractical, irrelevant gSA passage
(c) hidden (d) unconcealed esa practical ;k impractical gksus dh ckr ugh gks jgh
Answer Key : gSA
1. (d) 2.(a) 3.(b) 4.(c) 5.(d) Option (a) incongruous lgh answer gSA ftldk
6. (c) 7.(c) 8.(c) 9.(b) 10.(b) vFkZ strange gksrk gS tks fd passage ds sense ds
Word Meanings: according lgh gSA
Democracy- Government run by people- 3. Sentence dk Hkko ;g gS fd democracy esa votes ds
yksdra= ckjs esa lkspuk xyr ugh gSA uk fd votes ds ckjs esa fpafrr
Contempt- the feeling that somebody/ gksuk vr% lgh answer option (b) concern gSA
something is without value – option (c) worry, Red herring gSA
voekuuk Option (a) thought and option (d) care,
Barren - not good enough for plants to irrelevant gSA
grow on it – catj
40
Vocabulary Point: 6. lgh answer option (c) idea gksxkA body, form rFkk
v Concern/Bother frame rhuksa irrelevant gSaA Idea of politics
correct gSA
Concern formal word gS rFkk bldk use
7. Option (a) contempt, irrelevant gSA contempt
progressive tenses esa ugh fd;k tkrk gSA
dk vFkZ & “fdlh ds fy, respect uk j[kuk ;k rules etc.
Bother informal word gS tks eq[;r% fuEu phrases dh ijokg uk djuk” gksrk gSA ,slk dksbZ Hkko passage esa ugh
esa iz;qDr gksrk gS& gSA
• It doesn't bother me. Option (b) contains, grammatically wrong gS
• I am not bothered. D;ksafd ;g verb gS tcfd blank space esa noun vk,xkA
Collocations: Option (d) contends, grammatically wrong gSA
Contend dk vFkZ& “argument )kjk fdlh pht dks lgh
• A chapter/ book/ poem/ film/ rule/ law..
Bgjkuk ;k fdlh pht dks izkIr djus ds fy, compete
Concerns/ is concerned with/ deals with... djuk” gksrk gSA ;gka blank space esa noun vk;sxk tcfd
contends verb gSA
4. India esa democracy esa votes ds fy, concern gS vkSj Lkgh answer option (c) contents gSA contents dk
jgsxk bl sense dh ckr gks jgh gSA vFkZ & “oks lHkh sections ;k parts ftuls feydj dksbZ
pht cuh gksrh gSA”
Option (a) defy (rule ;k law dks ekuus ls badkj
8. Passage esa India esa democracy ds negative
djuk)
aspect dh ckr gks jgh gS vr% ;gka Hkh negative word
Option (b) abide (fdlh LFkku ij stay djuk ;k jguk) vk;sxkA
Option (d) reside (fdlh particular place ij ;gka dsoy option (c) pessimism (fujk'kkokn),
jguk) rhuksa irrelevant gSaA negative word gSA vr% lgh answer pessimism
gksxkA
vr% lgh answer option(c) remain gSA
'ks"k rhuksa options- optimism, positivism,
5. option (b) worried and option (c) concerned pragmatism factually wrong gSaA Pragmatism
nksuks irrelevant gSaA dk vFkZ & “practical and sensible rjhds ls
Overwhelmed dk vFkZ overcome djus ds sense esa problems dks lkspuk o mudk gy fudkyukA”
gksrk gS vr% ;g Hkh irrelevant gSA 9. Stem from something ,d phrasal verb gS
lgh answer option (d) obsessed gSA obsessed ftldk vFkZ& “fdlh ?kVuk dk result gksuk” gksrk gSA
dk vFkZ & “fdlh particular pht ds ckjs esa bruk vf/kd Eg: Most people's insecurities stem from
lkspuk ;k ckr djuk fd blds vykok fnekx vkSj dqN uk something that happened in their childhood.
lksp ik;s” gksrk gSA vr% lgh answer option (b) stems gSA
'ks"k rhuksa options-roots, flowers, branches,
Vocabulary Point: factually wrong gSA
10. Passage esa] India esa political parties }kjk dsoy
v Overwhelm/ Swamp
votes dks gh egROk fn;s tkus dh ckr gks jgh gS rFkk
fdlh pht ds amount, number or volume dks development ij dksbZ /;ku ugh fn;k tk jgk gSA [kqys
ns[kdj yksx overwhelm (cgqr T;knk emotional gksuk vke “oksV cSad” dh jktuhfr gks jgh gSA vr% blank space
ftls control uk fd;k tk lds) gks tkrs gSa rFkk esa tks word vk;sxk oks [kqysiu ds sense esa vk;sxkA
complaints, requests, offers ;k enquiries dh Option (a) latent (existing but not
otg ls yksx swamped (,slh fLFkfr ftls deal uk fd;k noticeable), option (c) hidden (Nqik gqvk) nksuks
tk lds) gks tkrs gSaA factually wrong gSaA
Collocations: Option (d) unconcealed, Red herring gS D;ksafd
unconcealed dk vFkZ & fcuk Nqik;k gqvk gksrk gS ysfdu
• Swamped/ flooded/ inundated/ bombarded
unconcealed, eu ds Hkko (emotions, curiosity
with complaints/ requests. etc…) ds fy, iz;qDr gksrk gSA
vr% lgh answer option (b) explicit (done in an
open and direct way) gksxkA
41
Vocabulary Point: Politics ls related Collocations:

Hide/Conceal/Disguise/Camouflage • create/form/be the leader of a political
;s lHkh words fdlh O;fDr] oLrq] lR; ;k eu dh party
feelings dks fNikus ds sense ds fy, iz;qDr gksrs gSaA • gain/take/win/lose/regain control of
v Hide- fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq dks fNikuk ;k viuh feelings Congress
dks secret j[kukA • start/spark/lead/be on the brink of a
Eg: He hide the letter in a drawer. revolution
• She managed to hide her disappointment. • be engaged/locked in an internal power
v Conceal- conceal ,d formal word gS tks fdlh struggle
O;fDr ;k oLrq dks fNikus ;k secret j[kus ds fy, iz;qDr • lead/form a rival/breakaway faction
gksrk gSA • seize/take control of the government/
Eg: The paintaings were concealed beneath a power
thick layer of plaster.
• b r i n g d o w n / ove r t h ro w / t o p p l e t h e
• Tim could barely conceal his disappointment. government/president/regime
NOTE - Emotions dks fNikus ds fy, tc conceal • abolish/overthrow/restore the monarchy
word vkrk gS rks lkekU;r% ;g negative statements
• establish/install a military dictatorship /a
esa iz;qDr gksrk gSA
stable government
v Cover- fNikus ds fy, fdlh pht dks <+dukA
• be forced/removed/driven from
Eg: She covered her face with her hands.
office/power
v Disguise-fdlh pht dks fNikdj ;k cnydj izLrqr djuk
rkfd dksbZ mls igpku uk ldsA • resign/step down as party leader/an
MP/president/prime minister
Eg: He tried to disguise his accent.
• enter/retire from/return to political life
v Mask- viuh fdlh feeling, smell ;k fact dks fNikuk
rkfd dksbZ mls vklkuh ls notice uk dj ldsA • spark/provoke a heated/hot/intense/
lively debate
Eg: She masked her anger with a smile.
v Camouflage- fdlh pht dks vklikl ds okrkoj.k tSlk • engage in/participate in/contribute to
cukdj fNikukA (the) political/public debate (on/over
Eg: The soldiers camouflaged themselves with something)
leaves and twigs. • get involved in/feel excluded from the
Collocations: political process
• hide/conceal/disguise/mask/camouflage • launch/start/lead/spearhead a
something behind something campaign/movement
• to hide/conceal something under something • join/be linked with the peace/anti-
• to hide/conceal something from something war/feminist/civil rights movement
• to hide/conceal/disguise/mask the truth/ • criticize/speak out against/challenge/

the fact that.... support the government
• to hide/conceal/disguise/mask your • lobby/put pressure on the government (to
feelings. do something)
• come under fire/pressure from opposition
• call for/demand/propose/push for/
advocate democratic/political/ land
reform (s)
42
• formulate/implement domestic economic

policy
• change/influence/shape/have an impact on
government/economic/public policy
• be consistent with/be in line with/go
against/be opposed to government policy
• reform/restructure/modernize the tax
system
• privatize/improve/deliver/make cuts in
public services
• invest (heavily) in/spend on
schools/education/public services/ (the)
infrastructure
• nationalize the banks/the oil industry
• a/the budget is approved/ passed by
parliament/congress
• have a majority in/have seats in
Parliament/Congress/the Senate
• propose/sponsor a bill/legislation/a
resolution
• introduce/bring in/draw up/draft/
adopt/pass a bill/a law/legislation
/measures
• amend/repeal an act/a law/ legislation
• ve to / vo te a ga i n s t / o p p o s e a b i l l /
legislation/a measure/a proposal/a
resolution
• get/require/be decided by a majority vote
43
PASSAGE - 6 Answer Key:

1. (c) 2.(d) 3.(c) 4.(d) 5.(c)
Saina Nehwal's bronze medal win ____1____
6.(d) 7.(d) 8.(a) 9.(a) 10.(b)
Saturday, at the London Olympics, may be seen as
a lucky ____2____ after her Chinese opponent
_____3___ hurt, But _____4____ Saina's father, Dr Word Meanings:
Harvir Singh, "It's god's gift". "She was _____5_____ Opponent - a person who is against something -
on Friday after losing the semi-final. It was god's izfr;ksxh
____6___ that she won a medal. This is very Victory - success in a game, an election, a
satisfying for everyone. I was very _____7___ about war, etc – thr
Saina winning a bronze," Prime minister Crash - an accident in which a vehicle hits
Manmohan Singh _____8___the Indian shuttler for something - VDdj
winning the medal. "The country is proud of your
Joyous - very happy – vkuafnr
_____9___."Singh said in his congratulatory
message. Andhra Pradesh governor ESL Appoint - to choose somebody for a job- fu;qDr
djuk
Narasimhan and chief minister N. Kiran Kumar
Reddy too congratulated Saina. "After Gagan Notion- an idea, a belief or an
Narang, Saina is the second sportsperson from AP understanding of something - /kkj.kk
to win a ____10___ at the Olympics," the chief Pessimistic- expecting bad things to happen-
minister said. fujk'kkoknh
(SSC CPO 2015) Optimistic- expecting good things to happen –
vk'kkoknh
1. (a) In (b) At
Dictate- to say words for somebody else to
(c) On (d) Onto
write down- cksy dj fy[kokuk
2. (a) Winning (b) Succeed
(c) Win of (d) Victory
3. (a) Injure (b) Crashed
(c) Retired (d) fated Detailed Analysis :
4. (a) On the way (b) From 1. fdlh date ;k day ds fy, preposition 'on' iz;qDr
(c) Instead of (d) According to gksrh gSA
5. (a) Cheerful (b) Joyous Eg: He came on Sunday.
(c) Disappointed (d) Appointed • We meet on Tuesdays.
6. (a) Prayer (b) Nature • On may the first/the first of may
(c) Notion (d) Wish • On the morning of May the first
7. (a) Pessimistic (b) Emotional • On one occasion
(c) Nostalgic (d) Optimistic • On your birthday
8. (a) Congratulated (b) Prayed vr% Saturday ls igys 'on' vk;sxkA
(c) Wishes (d) Dictated Forward reading ls]blh passage esa vkxs ……on
Friday after losing the semifinal…… vk;k gSA vr%
9. (a) Achievement (b) Position
lgh answer option (c) on gSA
(c) Order (d) Getting of
'ks"k rhuksa options – in, at, onto, grammatically
10. (a) Match (b) Medal
wrong gSaA
(c) Entry (d) Post
2. Passage dh first line esa bronze medal win dh ckr
dh gS vr% ;gka win dk gh synonymous word vk;sxk
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tks fd victory gSA vr% lgh answer option (d) v Strain: dfBu ifjJe dh otg ls 'kjhj ds fdlh Hkkx dk
victory gSA injure gks tkukA
'ks"k rhuksa options- winning, succeed, win of, Eg: You'll strain your back carrying those
irrelevant gSA heavy suitcases.
3. tc dksbZ player pksfVy gksdj game ls gV tkrk gS rks ge • Don't strain your eyes by reading in poor light.
Retired hurt collocation iz;qDr djrsa gSaA vr% lgh Collocations:
answer option (c) Retired gSA • to injure/hurt/strain yourself
Option (a) injure, red herring gSA • to injure/hurt/sprain/strain a muscle.
option (b) crashed and option (d) fated, • to injure/hurt/strain your back/ shoulder/
irrelevant gSA eyes.
• to injure/hurt/sprain your ankle/foot/
Vocabulary Point: knee/wrist/hand.
Injure/Wound/Hurt/Bruise/Sprain/ • to injure/hurt your spine/neck.
Strain • to be badly/severely/slightly injured/
fdlh accident etc. esa physically harm gksus ij ;s hurt/wounded/bruised/sprained.
words iz;qDr gksrs gSaA
v  Injure: fdlh accident esa physically harm gksus ij
Injury ls lacaf/kr Collocations:
injure iz;qDr gksrk gSA
• have a fall/an injury
Eg: He injured his knee playing hockey.
• receive/suffer/sustain a serious injury/a
• Three people were injured in the crash.
hairline fracture/whiplash/a gunshot wound
v  Wound: tc fdlh weapon ls skin ij dksbZ ?kko gks
• hurt/injure your ankle/back/leg
tk;s rks wound iz;qDr gksrk gSA
Eg: 50 people were seriously wounded in the
• damage the brain/an ankle ligament/your
attack. liver/the optic nerve/the skin
NOTE: lkekU;r% wound rc iz;qDr gksrk gS tc fdlh • pull/ strain/tear a hamstring/ligament/
;q) esa ;k fdlh attack esa cgqr lkjs people t[eh gks tkrs muscle/tendon
gSaA wound formal word gS rFkk ;g T;knkrj • sprain/twist your ankle/wrist
passive structure esa gh iz;qDr gksrk gSA • break a bone/your collarbone/your
v  Hurt: Physically injure gks tkuk ;k fdlh dkj.k ls leg/three ribs
physically pain gksus ij hurt word iz;qDr gksrk gSA • fracture/crack your skull
Eg: Did you hurt yourself? • break/chip/knock out/lose a tooth
NOTE: tc physical pain dks emphasize djuk gks • burst/perforate your eardrum
rks 'Hurt' iz;qDr gksrk gS rFkk tc 'kjhj ds fdlh part dks] • dislocate your finger/hip/jaw/shoulder
tks fd damage gks x;k gS] dks emphasize djuk gks rks • bruise/cut/graze your arm/knee/shoulder
injure iz;qDr gksrk gSA
• burn/scald yourself/your tongue
v Bruise: fxjus ls ;k fdlh pht dh yxus ls skin ij
• bang/bump/hit your elbow/head/knee
blue, brown ;k purple mark cu tkus ij bruise
dke esa ysrs gSaA (on/against something)
Eg: She had slipped and badly bruised her face. • treat somebody for burns/a head injury/a
stab wound
v  Sprain: tc ankle, wrist ;k knee vpkud eqM+ tk;s
rFkk blesa lwtu vk tk;s o nnZ gks rks sprain vkrk gSA • examine/clean/dress/bandage/treat a
bullet wound
Eg: I stumbled and sprained my ankle.
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• repair a damaged/torn ligament/tendon/ congratulatory message. And Reddy too
cartilage congratulated Saina. vr% bu nksuks sentences ls
• amputate/cut off an arm/a finger/a foot/a clear gS fd Manmohan Singh us Hkh Saina dks
leg/a limb congratulate fd;kA 'ks"k rhuksa options- prayed,
• put on/apply/take off a Band-Aid/ a wishes, dictated, irrelevant gSaA
plaster/a bandage 9. Country ds proud djus dh ckr dgh gSA country
• need/require/put in/have (out)/get (out) Saina ds achievement ij proud djrh gSA vr% lgh
stitches answer option (a) achievement gSA vU; rhuks
options – position, order, Getting of,
• put on/rub on/apply cream/ointment/
irrelevant gSaA
lotion
• have/receive/undergo physiotherapy/
Vocabulary Point:
physical therapy
• Tkc academic, professional, artistic or
sporting success dh ckr gks rks achievement
4. ;gka Saina ds father dk statement fn;k x;k gSA tc word iz;qDr gksrk gSA ,slh success ftlls nwljs yksxks dk
Hkh ge fdlh ds statement dh reporting djrsa gSa rks benefit gks (i.e. invention) rks accomplishment
“according to” iz;qDr djrsa gSaA word iz;qDr gksrk gSA
vr% lgh answer option (d) according to gSA 'ks"k Eg: It was a remarkable achievement for such a
rhuksa options-on the way, from, instead of, young player.
irrelevant gSaA • It was one of the president's greatest
5. Friday dks Saina Semifinal gkj xbZ Fkh vr% gkjus dh accomplishment.
voLFkk dks crkus okyk negative word ;gka iz;qDr gksxkA Collocations:
Option (d) Appointed, irrelevant gSA • a great/remarkable/real achievement/
Option (a) cheerful and option (b) Joyous [kq'kh] accomplishment/feat/triumph.
izlUurk n'kkZrsa gSaA tks fd context ds according xyr gS • a major/spectacular achievement/feat/
D;ksafd dksbZ Hkh f[kykM+h gkj dj [kq'k ugh gksxkA vr% ;s nksuks
triumph/work.
options factually wrong gSaA
lgh answer option (c) disappointed (fujk'k)
10. Backward reading ls] passage dh igyh line esa
gksxkA
Saina Nehwal's bronze medal win……….,
6. It was God's…
medal thrus dh ckr dgh gS vr% lgh answer option
;gka God dh bPNk dh ckr gks jgh gS D;ksafd God )kjk
(b) medal gSA
prayer ugha gks ldrh rFkk Nature and notion Hkh
option (c) entry and option (d) post nksuks
irrelevant gSaA vr% lgh answer option (d) wish
gSA irrelevant gSaA
7. ;gka option (b) Emotional, rFkk option (c) Option (a) match, factually wrong gS D;ksafd
nostalgic, irrelevant gSaA Saina rks Semifinal match gkj xbZ FkhA
option (a) pessimistic (fujk'kkoknh) factually

wrong gS D;ksafd dksbZ Hkh father viuh csVh dh thr ds
fy, pessimistic ugh gksxkA
vr% lgh answer option (d) optimistic (vk'kkoknh)
gksxkA
8. Forward reading ls] singh said in his
46
PASSAGE - 7 Eg: She's fluent in French and German. She

also speaks a little Italian.
Internet _____1____ known as the Net, is the
• Jake's father had also been a doctor. ( Jake vkSj
network ____2__ computers spanning the
mlds firk nksuks MkWDVj FksA)
______3____. Internet is a global _____4____ of
• Too lkekU;r% spoken esa iz;qDr gksrk gS rFkk okD; ds var
c o m p u t e r s t h a t a l l o w s i n d iv i d u a l s t o
esa vkrk gSA
communicate ______5_____one another.
•• 'I'm going home now.' ' I'll come too. '
(SSC CPO 2015)
• When I've finished the bathroom, I'm going to
1. (a) also (b) another
do the kitchen too.
(c) other (d) too
• fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq ds vfrfjDr dqN vkSj crkus ds fy, too
2. (a) on (b) get
dh rjg gh 'as well' Hkh iz;qDr gksrk gSA
(c) of (d) since
Eg: Are they coming as well?
3. (a) globe (b) sea
• They sell books as well as newspapers.
(c) sky (d) mountain
Note : Tkc fdlh positive point esa dksbZ negative
4. (a) web (b) connect
point tksM+uk gks rks not………as well/ too.
(c) wireless (d) net
structure curh gSA
5. (a) with (b) under
Eg: You can have a burger, but you can't have
(c) out (d) for
fries as well.
Note : Tkc fdlh negative structure esa dksbZ second
Answer Key: negative point tksM+uk gks rks not…………either
1.(a) 2.(c) 3.(a) 4.(a) 5.(a) structure iz;qDr gksrh gSA
Eg: She hasn't phoned and she hasn't written
Word Meanings: either.
Span - the length of time that vU; rhuksa options- another, other, too,
something lasts or is able to grammatically wrong gSaA
continue – vof/k 2. Internet, computers dk network gS vr%
Communicate- to exchange information, news, network of computers lgh gSA vU; rhuksa options-
ideas, etc. with somebody- on, get, since, grammatically wrong gSaA
lEidZ j[kuk 3. Internet computers dk network gS tks iwjh nqfu;k esa
Sea - the salt water that covers most QSyk gqvk gSA vr% option (a) globe lgh gSA
of the earth's surface – leqnz The globe word iwjh nwfu;k ds fy, iz;qDr gksrk gS rFkk
globe word esa sea, sky and mountain lHkh lekfgr
gSaA
Detailed Analysis: Forward reading ls] Next sentence esa global
1. Internet dks net ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gS vr% also word vk;k gS tks fd globe (noun) dh adjective
known lgh gSA 'also known as' ,d phrase Hkh gSA form gSA
Eg: Rubella, also known as German measles.
Vocabulary Point:
Grammar Point: v Sea/Ocean
v Also/ as well as/ too Lkeqnz ds fy, sea rFkk ocean nksuks words iz;qDr gksrs gSaA
• Also lkekU;r% main verb ls igys rFkk 'be' ds ckn British English esa lkekU;r% sea rFkk American
iz;qDr gksrk gS rFkk also okD; ds var esa ugh vkrk gSA English esa ocean word izpfyr gSA
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Eg- A swimmer drowned in the sea/ocean v Associate/ connect/ Relate

this morning. Tkc ge fdUgh nks oLrqvksa dks vius mind esa lacaf/kr djrs gSa
• A cottage by the sea. ;k tc ge fdlh previous experience ls fdUgh nks
• A house on the ocean. oLrqvksa dks vius mind esa tksM+rs gSa rks associate word
iz;qDr gksrk gSA
• Holiday ;k vacation ds fy, leqnz rV ij tkus ds
sense ds fy, Hkh sea ;k ocean word iz;qDr gksrk gSA Eg: I always associate the smell of baking with
Eg: We are spending a week by the sea/ at the my childhood. (√)
ocean in June. • I always relate/connect the smell of baking
• Lkeqnz ds particular areas ds uke fixed gS& with my childhood. (X)
Eg: The Mediterranean Sea • Tkc fdUgh nks phtksa dk connection, natural uk gks rFkk
mUgs vkil esa tksM+us ds fy, mind dks effort djuk iM+s rks
• The Pacific Ocean
relate ;k connect word iz;qDr gksrk gSA
• The Atlantic Ocean
Eg: I found it hard to relate/connect the two
Collocations :
things in my mind. (√)
• by/on/across/beneath/under the sea/
• I found it hard to associate the two things in
ocean.
my mind. (X)
• in the sea/the ocean/…….waters.
• cross/sail the sea/ocean.
5. Communicate dh nks structure gksrh gSa&
(i) Communicate with somebody
4. Internet, computers dk iwjh nwfu;k esa QSyk tky gSA
Eg: Dolphines use sound to communicate
vr% lgh option (a) web gSA
with each other.
vU; rhuksa options- connect, wireless and net,
(ii) Communicate something to somebody
factually wrong gSaA
Eg: Raja was eager to communicate his ideas
to the group.
Vocabulary Point:
vr% lgh answer option (a) with gSA
v Link/ Connect
vU; rhuks a options – under, out, for,
Tkc nks oLrqvksa dk connection bruk strong gks fd mUgs
grammatically wrong gSaA
separate ugh fd;k tk lds rks link word iz;qDr gksrk
gSA
Eg: Social customs provide a vital link between
generations.
• Tkc nks phtsa fdlh leku general idea ls tqM+h gqbZ gks rks
connect word vkrk gSA tSls& people ,d nqljs ls
connected gksrs gSa uk fd linked.
Eg: They were connected by marriage. (√)
• They were linked by marriage. (X)
Collocations:
• be connected/linked/coupled with
somebody/something.
• closely/intimately/directly/obviously
connected/ linked.
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PASSAGE – 8 6. (a) cleverly (b) suddenly

(c) gradually (d) surreptitiously
One day when king Rama was sitting on his
7. (a) plundering (b) wandering
______1_____ his ring fell off. When it touched the
(c) wondering (d) thundering
earth, it made a hole in the ground and
8. (a) sage (b) animal
disappeared into it. It was ______2____ . His trusty
(c) wife (d) daughter
henchman, Hanuman, was ______3_______ his feet.
Rama said to Hanuman, “Look, my ring is lost 9. (a) women (b) Spirit king
____4_______ it for me.” (c) Hanuman (d) God
Now Hanuman can enter any hole, no matter how 10. (a) imagine (b) say
tiny. He had the power to become the smallest of (c) see (d) hear
the small and larger than the largest thing. So he
took on a _____5_____ form and went down the hole. Answer key
He went and went and went and ______6______ fell 1. (c) 2.(c) 3.(a) 4.(b) 5.(c)
into the netherworld. There were women down 6. (b) 7.(c) 8.(a) 9.(d) 10.(d)
there. “Look, a tiny monkey! It's fallen from
above? Then they caught him and placed him on a
Word Meanings:
platter (thali). The King of Spirits (bhut), who
lives in the netherworld, likes to eat animals. So Disappear - to become impossible to see –
xk;c gks tkuk
Hanuman was sent to him as part of his dinner,
along with his vegetables. Hanuman sat on the Trusty- Reliable – fo'oluh;
platter, _____7_____ what to do. Platter - a large plate that is used for
While this was going on in the netherworld, Rama serving food – Fkky
sat on his throne on the earth above. The Throne - a special chair used by a king
_____8______ Vasistha and the _____9_____ Brahma or queen to sit on at ceremonies
came to see him. They said to Rama, “We want to – jktxn~nh
talk privately with you. We don't want anyone to Interrupt- to say or do something that
____10_____what we say or interrupt it. Do we makes somebody stop what
agree?” “All right.” Said Rama, “We'll walk.” they are saying or doing – ck/kk
(SSC CGL 2014) Mkyuk
1. (a) bench (b) chair Molten - heated to a very high

(c) throne (d) rock temperature so that it becomes
liquid – fi?kyk gqvk
2. (a) molten (b) returned
(c) gone (d) vanished Vanish – To disappear suddenly –
vks>y gksuk
3. (a) at (b) under
Humungous – Very big – fo'kkydk;
(c) on (d) in
Surreptitiously –Done secretely or quickly- xqIr
4. (a) Return (b) Find
:Ik ls
(c) Replace (d) Make
Plundering - to steal things from a place –
5. (a) corporeal (b) humungous
ywV
(c) tiny (d) substantial
49
Detailed Analysis : 2. option (a) molten, irrelevant gSA molten dk

vFkZ& “metal, rock ;k glass dks vR;f/kd
1. ;gka king Rama ds cSBus dh ckr gqbZ gSA Rama, bench, temperature rd xeZ djuk ftlls og liquid esa cny
chair ;k rock ij Hkh cSB ldrsa gSa ysfdu blank space ls tk;s” gksrk gSA ,slh dksbZ ckr passage esa ugh gqbZ gSA
igys possessive pronoun his vk;k gSA vr% king ds Option (b) returned, factually wrong gS D;ksafd
according throne lgh answer gksxkA blds vkxs okys sentence esa Rama, hanuman ls dgrsa
forward reading ls last para esa] Rama sat on his gSa fd mudh ring [kks xbZ gSA
throne on the earth above. option (d) vanished Red herring gSA Vanish dk
vFkZ& vpkud xk;c gks tkuk gksrk gSA tc vanish word
Vocabulary Point: )kjk ge fdlh oLrq ;k O;fDr ds xk;c gks tkus dh ckr djrsa
v Chair/ Seat gSa rks generally ;s Hkko gksrk gS fd ge ml O;fDr ;k oLrq
Chair ,d piece of furniture gksrk gS ftls cSBus ds fy, ds xk;c gksus dks explain ugh dj ldrsA
design fd;k x;k gksA Eg: The magician vanished in a puff of smoke.
Eg: An old man asleep in a chair/an armchair. Option (c) gone, lgh answer gSA gone tc
• A cat was asleep on the chair. adjective ds :Ik esa iz;qDr gksrk gS rc bldk vFkZ& fdlh
• Sit on your chair. oLrq dks iw.kZr;k use esa ys ysuk ;k [kks tkuk] lekIr gks tkuk
gksrk gSA
• He lay back in the recling chair and went to
Eg: “Where is the coffee?” It's all gone.
sleep.
• She dropped her bags and flopped down into Vocabulary Point:
the nearest chair. Return/ comeback/ go back
• dksbZ Hkh ,slh txg tgka ge cSB ldsa mlds fy, seat word v Return- ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku rd okfil vkus ;k okfil
iz;qDr gksrk gSA tkus ds fy, Return word iz;qDr gksrk gSA
• a set of dinning/ kitchen chairs.(√) Eg: Maani waited a long time for him to return.
• a set of dinning/ kitchen seats. (X) v Come back- okfil vkuk
• We used the old tree stump as a seat.(√) Come back ml O;fDr ;k LFkku ds point of view ls
• We used the old tree stump as a chair.(X) cksyk tkrk gS ftlds ikl O;fDr ykSVdj vkrk gSA
Collocations: Eg: Come back and vigit again soon!
• in/into/ out of a/an chair/seat/ armchair. v Go back- ,sls LFkku ij okfil tkuk tgka vki igys tk
• on/onto/off a chair/seat/throne/stool. pqds gks ;k tgka ls vki originally belong djrs gksA go
Vocabulary Point: back ml O;fDr ds point of view ls cksyk tkrk gS tks
O;fDr okfil tkrk gSA
v Rock/ Stone
Eg: Do you ever want to go back to India?
Rock, ground ls tqM+k gksrk gS rFkk bruk cM+k gksrk gS fd
bls mBkdj Qsadk ugh tk ldrkA v Get back- vius ?kj ;k tgka stay fd;k gks ogka okfil
vkukA
Eg: The rock walls of the cave. (√)
Eg: What time did you get back last month?
The stone walls of the cave. (X)
v Turn back- fdlh dkj.k ls vki ftl jkLrs vk;s Fks mlh
• Stone dks ground ls fudkyk tk ldrk gS rFkk bls Qsadk jkLrs okfil ykSV tkukA
Hkh tk ldrk gSA
Eg: The weather got so bad that we had to turn
Eg: Houses built of stone. (√)
back.
Houses built of rock. (X)
3. ;gka under his feet and in his feet nksuks gh
Collocations: irrelevant gSaA
• Solid rock/stone.
option (c) on, Red herring gSA on your feet ,d
• throw a stone/boulder/pebble. idiom gS ftldk vFkZ & yEch chekjh ;k eqf'dy le; ds
50
ckn iw.kZr;k Bhd gks tkuk gSA ,slk Hkh passage dk Hkko ugh 6. option (a) cleverly, irrelevant gSA
gSA option (d) surreptitiously, irrelevant gSA bldk
vr% option (a) at lgh gSA vFkZ& fdlh dk;Z dks Nqidj ;k tYnh ls djuk rkfd dksbZ
4. bl sentence esa Rama, Hanuman ls dgrsa gSa fd esjh nwljk notice uk dj lds gksrk gSA
Ring [kks xbZ gSA Option (c) gradually, Red herring gS D;ksafd
Option (a) return, factually wrong gS D;ksafd sentence dk Hkko /khjs&/khjs uhps tkuk ugh gSA
Hanuman us ring ugh yh gS tks mls return djsA vr% option (b) suddenly lgh gSA
option (c) replace, factually wrong gS D;ksafd 7. Blank space ds ckn what to do vk;k gS vr% option
ring tks [kks xbZ gS rks replace fdls djsA (c) wondering lgh gS ftldk vFkZ & D;k fd;k tk;s]
Option (d) make, factually wrong gS A D;k lgh gS] D;k ?kfVr gksxk etc. lkspuk gSA
Hanuman lqukj ugh gS tks ubZ ring cuk nsA Option (a) plundering, irrelevant gSA bldk vFkZ
Option (b) find, logically correct gS fd ring [kks pksjh djus ds sense esa gksrk gSA
xbZ gS vkSj Hanuman mls find djsA Option (d) thundering, irrelevant gSA bldk vFkZ&
cgqr rst vkokt djus ds sense esa gksrk gSA
Vocabulary Point: Option (b) wandering, Red herring gSA ;g
Make/ Create wondering ls confuse djus ds fy, fn;k x;k gSA
v  Make- material ;k dqN parts dks feykdj fdlh pht wandering dk vFkZ& fcuk fdlh mn~ns'; ds b/kj m/kj
?kqeuk gksrk gSA
dks cukuk] lkekU;r% physical things dks cukus ds fy,
make word iz;qDr gksrk gSA 8. Vasistha (of'k"B) ls igys Blank space vk;k gSA
Vasistha ,d lk/kq Fks vr% option (a) sage lgh gSA
Eg: She makes her own clothes.
'ks"k rhuksa options - animal, wife, daughter,
• make a table/dress/cake.
irrelevant gSA
v Create- ,slh oLrq ;k pht dks cukuk tks igys ls vfLrRo esa
uk gks rks lkekU;r% create word iz;qDr gksrk gSA create 9. Brahma (czãk) Hkxoku gS vr% option (b) God lgh gSA
word oLrq dh originality dks n'kkZrk gSA vU; rhuksa options- women, spirit king,
Hanuman, irrelevant gSA
Eg: Scientists disagree about how the universe
was created. 10. bl sentence dk Hkko & “ge tks dgsa mls dksbZ uk lqus” gSA
• Try this new dish, created by our head chef. vr% option (d) hear lgh gSA imagine, say, see rhuksa
factually wrong gSA
• Create jobs/ wealth.
Grammar Point:
5. option (b) humungous (very big) rFkk option
Say/ Tell
(d) substantial (large in amount, value or
importance) nksuks factually wrong gSa D;ksafd Ring, v Say- tc fdlh ds dgs gq, words R;ksa ds R;ksa dgus gksa] rks
earth esa hole cukdj uhps pyh xbZ Fkh vr% Hanuman say iz;qDr gksrk gSA
dks Hkh NksVk cuuk iM+sxk uk fd cM+kA Eg: Anne said, “I'm tired.”
Option (a) corporeal, irrelevant gSA corporeal • Anne said that she was tired.
dk vFkZ body ;k physical gksrk gS] ,slk dksbZ sense • What did he say to you?
passage esa ugh gS vr% option (c) tiny (NksVk) lgh gSA • dksbZ O;fDr dHkh Hkh say dk object ugh curk gSA say dh
Forward reading ls] bl passage esa vkxs structure-
Hanuman ds fy, tiny monkey word iz;qDr gqvk (i) Say something to somebody
gS---- "Look, a tiny monkey! It's fallen from Eg: She said nothing to me about it.
above?........ (ii) Say something about
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Eg: I want to say something/a few words/a monastery/a religious sect/the clergy/the
little about my family. priesthood
ysfdu say about wrong gSA • praise/worship/ obey/serve/ glorify God
NOTE- tc fdlh story esa fdlh O;fDr ds dgs gq, 'kCnksa • perform a ceremony/a rite/a ritual/a
dks R;ksa dk R;ksa cksyk tkrk gS rks subject say, says, said baptism/the Hajj/a mitzvah
ds ckn vkrk gS ysfdu subject ;fn pronoun gks rks say, • carry out/perform a sacred/burial/
says, said ls igys vkrk gSA funeral/fertility/purification rite
Eg: “That was marvelous,” said James. • go on/make a pilgrimage
'Hello!' she said. • celebrate Diwali/Christmas/Easter/
 Tell- lkekU;r% tell nks objects ysrk gS ftuesa ls ,d Eid/Ramadan/Hanukkah/Passover/
object dksbZ O;fDr (person) gksrk gSA • observe/break the Sabbath/a fast/
Eg: Have you told him the news yet? Ramadan
• tell ds lkFk that clause vkrk gSA • deliver/preach/hear a sermon
Eg: Anne told me that she was tired. • lead/address the congregation
• Tkc dksbZ O;fDr facts ;k information crkrk gS rks • say/recite a prayer/blessing
what, where etc words ds lkFk tell iz;qDr gksrk gSA • preach/proclaim/spread the word of
Eg: Can you tell me when the movie starts? God/the Gospel/the message of Islam
• Instructions nsus ds fy, tell iz;qDr gksrk gSA • study/follow the dharma/the teachings of
Eg: The doctor told me to stay in bed. Buddha
• The doctor told me that I need to stay in bed. • re a d / s t u dy / u n d e r s t a n d / i n te r p re t
• The doctor said that I had to stay in bed. s c r i p t u re / t h e B i b l e / t h e Ko ra n / t h e
Yksfdu ;s dguk xyr gS& gospel/the Torah
• The doctor said me to stay in bed. (X) • seek/find/gain enlightenment/wisdom
• strengthen/lose your faith
• keep/ practice/abandon the faith
God/ Religion ls lacaf/kr collocations- • save/purify/ lose your soul
• believe in God/Christ/Allah/free • obey/follow/keep/break/ violate a
will/predestination/heaven and hell/an commandment/Islamic law/Jewish law
afterlife/reincarnation • be/accept/do God's will
• be/become a believer/an atheist/an • receive/experience divine grace
agnostic/a Christian/Muslim/Hindu/ • achieve/attain enlightenment/salvation/
Buddhist, etc. nirvana
• convert to/practice religion/Buddhism/ • undergo a conversion/rebirth/
Catholicism/Christianity/Islam/Judaism, reincarnation
etc.
• hear/answer a prayer
• go to church/ temple (= the synagogue)
• commit/confess/forgive a sin
• go to the local church/mosque/synagogue/
• do/perform penance
gurdwara
• belong to a church/a religious
community
• join/enter the church/a convent/a
52
PASSAGE - 9 10. (a) city

(c) selves
(b) country
(d) state
Since the U.S. led alliance toppled the Taliban
_____1____ November 2001, women and girls in
Answer key
Afghanistan have ______2_____ greater freedom to
participate in public life and______3_______to 1. (b) 2.(d) 3.(b) 4.(a) 5.(b)
education, health care, and employment. This is 6.(c) 7.(c) 8.(a) 9.(b) 10.(b)
the case particularly in the ______4____, Kabul, Word Meanings:
where the deployment of foreign military forces Alliance - an agreement between
under the International Security Assistance Force countries, political parties, etc.
(ISAF) has helped bring _____5_____security. even to work together – laf/k
in Kabul, however, many Afghan women still face Topple - to become unsteady and fall
constant ______6____to their personal security down- fxj iM+uk
from other civilians or armed men belonging to
Rival - a person, company, or thing
various political _____7______. Outside Kabul, the
that competes with another in
situation is one of the acute general lawlessness
sport, business, etc- izfrLi/khZ
and insecurity, as there is no ISAF presence and
rival warlords control security conditions. In Volunteer - a person who does a job
these areas, more than in Kabul, Afghan women without being paid for it –
LosPNkdehZ] Lo;alsod
continue to _______8______serious threats to their
physical safety, which _____9_____them the Outskirts - the parts of a town or city that
opportunity to exercise their basic human rights are furthest from the centre –
ckgjh bykdk
and to participate fully in the rebuilding of their
____10_____. Lash - to hit somebody/something
with great force – Vdjkuk
(SSC CGL 2014)
Upheavals - a big change that causes a lot of
1. (a) from (b) in
confusion, worry and
(c) on (d) at
problems- [kycyh
2. (a) surrendered (b) volunteered
Evade - to escape from somebody/
(c) submitted (d) gained
something or avoid meeting
3. (a) regress (b) access
somebody – cp fudyuk
(c) success (d) progress
4. (a) capital (b) outskirts
(c) locality (d) country Detailed Analysis:
5. (a) less-known (b) much-needed 1. “November 2011 esa“ ds sense dh ckr gqbZ gS vr%
(c) less-needed (d) much-admired preposition 'in' vk,xkA
6. (a) demands (b) opportunities Eg: In 2009
(c) threats (d) lashes • In the 18th century
7. (a) upheavals (b) fractions • In spring/summer/autumn/winter
(c) factions (d) actions • In march
8. (a) face (b) oppose • In the morning/afternoon/evening etc.
(c) evade (d) bear vr% lgh answer option (b) in gSA
9. (a) provides (b) denies vU; rhuksa options- from, on, at, grammatically
(c) approves (d) allows wrong gSA
53
2. bl sentence esa greater freedom dks izkIr djus dh needed gSA
ckr gqbZ gS vr% option (d) gained lgh gSA option (c) less-needed, factually wrong gS
Option (b) Volunteered, irrelevant gSA D;ksafd ;g passage ds Hkko dk opposite sense ns jgk gSA
option (a) surrendered and option (c) 'ks"k nksuks options less-known and much-
submitted, factually wrong gS D;ksafd ;s passage admired, irrelevant gSA
dh theme ds foijhr vFkZ ns jgsa gSaA 6. Kabul esa security c<+ xbZ gS ysfdu dkcqy ds ckgj fLFkfr
Vocabulary Point- lgh ugh gS rFkk bl structure esa “still” vk;k gS tks fd
v Gain/ Benefit igys okys strucutre ls contradiction crkrk gS vr%
bl blank space esa negative word vk,xkA
lkekU;r% gain, financial advantages ds fy, iz;qDr
gksrk gSA option (b) opportunities, factually wrong gSA
Eg: Consumers have certainly gained option (a) demands, irrelevant gSA
from the increased competition in the option (d) lashes, factually wrong gSA lash dk
telecommunications industry. vFkZ fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq dks cgqr tksj ls hit djuk gksrk gSA
• Benefit, dHkh Hkh object ugh ysrk gSA forward reading ls ge ns[krs gS fd passage esa vkxs
Eg: It was good to see her finally reaping the Afghan women dh physical safety ds fy,
benefits of all her hard work. serious threats dh ckr dh gS vr% lgh answer
• There is nothing to be benefitted from option (c) threats gSA ………. Afghan women
delaying.(X) continue to face serious threats to their
• There is nothing to be gained from physical safety.
delaying.(√)
3. ;gka education, health, employment rd Vocabulary Point:
women and girls dh igqap dh ckr gks jgh gSA vr% v Opportunity/ Chance
option (b) access, lgh gS rFkk bldh structure Hkh Opportunity ,d formal word gS rFkk dqN
access to something gksrh gSA particular situations ,slh gksrh gS ftuesa ;k rks
Eg: Students must have access to good opportunity word iz;qDr gksrk gS ;k chance.
resources. Eg: I won't give him a second chance. (√)
Option (a) regress, irrelevant gSA regress dk vFkZ • I won't give him a second opportunity. (X)
iqjkuh ;k less advanced form dh rjQ ykSVuk gksrk gSA • Job/career/employment/equal
blh izdkj option (c) success o option (d) opportunities. (√)
progress Hkh irrelevant gSA • Job/career/employment/equal chance. (X)
Collocations: • Second/big/fifty-fifty/slight/slim chance. (√)
• to make progress. • Second/big/fifty-fifty/slight/slim
• slow/steady/ rapid/ good progress. opportunity. (X)
• economic/ scientific/ technical progress. Vocabulary Point
• a progress report. Beat/batter/pound/lash
4. ;gka dkcqy 'kgj dh ckr dh gS tks fd Afghanistan dh ;s lHkh word fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq dks ckj&ckj tksj ls ekjus
capital city gSA vr% lgh choice option (a) capital ds sense ds fy, iz;qDr gksrs gSaA
gSA
v Beat- fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq dks ckj&ckj tksj ls ekjukA
'ks"k rhuksa options- outskirts, locality, country
Eg: Someone was beating at the door.
factually wrong gSA
• A youngman was found beaten to death last
5. Kabul esa security dh ckr gqbZ gS ftldh cgqr T;knk
night.
t:jr Fkh vr% lgh choice option (b) much-
54
v Batter- fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq dks bl izdkj tksj ls ekjuk v Action ds lkFk lkekU;r% take vkrk gS tcfd act ds lkFk
fd serious damage gks tk;sA ughA
Eg: He had been badly battered around the Eg: We shall take whatever actions are
head and face. necessary. (√)
• Severe winds have been battering the coast. • We shall take whatever act are necessary. (X)
v Pound- fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq dks bl izdkj ekjuk fd • Firefighters took action immediately. (√)
tksj&tksj ls vkokt gksA
• Firefighters took act immediately. (X)
Eg: Heavy rain pounded on the roof.
v Lash- fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq dks cgqr force ds lkFk
ekjukA 8. backward reading ls]………Afghan women still
face constant threats to their personal
Eg: The rain lashed at the window.
security………..
lash dk subject lkekU;r% rain, wind, hail, sea or
blh izdkj bl structure esa] Afghan women
waves gksrs gSaA
continue to face serious threats to their
v Hammer- fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq dks noisy or violent
rjhds ls ihVukA physical safety.
Eg: Raja hammered the door with his fists. vr% parallel construction ds concept ls option
(a) face, lgh answer gSA
7. Armed men tks fofHkUu political group ls belong Option (b) oppose, red herring gSA
djrsa gS mudh ckr gks jgh gSA option (c) evade and option (d) bear, factually
Option (a) upheavals, irrelevant gSA bldk vzFkZ& wrong gSA
“fdlh cgqr cM+s cnyko ls gS ftlds dkj.k confusion, Collocations:
worry and problems vkrh gSaA” • evade/avoid/wriggle out of your
Option (b) fractions, Red herring gSA fraction responsibilities.
“fdlh oLrq dk small part ;k amount” ds sense esa • evade/avoid/dodge a question/ taxes.
iz;qDr gksrk gSA fraction, people (O;fDr;ksa) ds fy, 9. Passage esa Afghan women dh physical safety ds
iz;qDr ugh gksrkA
fy, threats dh ckr gqbZ gS ;s threats mUgs basic
option (d) actions, irrelevant gSA
human rights ls jksdrh gSA vr% ;gka dksbZ negative
Option (c) factions, lgh answer gSA fdlh cM+s word vk,xkA
organization ;k political party ds NksVs xqVksa ds fy,
Provides, approves rFkk allows rhuksa positive
faction word iz;qDr gksrk gSA
sense ds fy, iz;qDr gksrs gSaA
vr% option (b) denies lgh gSA
Grammar Point:
Action/ Act
Vocabulay Point:
bu nksuks words dk vFkZ leku gSA
v Provide/ Give
(action/ act- a thing that somebody does.)
Tkc cgqr ls yksxks dks dksbZ pht miyC/k djokbZ tkrh gS rks
ysfdu ;s different patterns ds vuqlkj iz;qDr gksrs gSaA
provide vkrk gS rFkk tc fdlh particular O;fDr dks
v Act ds ckn lkekU;r% of vkrk gS rFkk ;g fdlh adjective dksbZ pht nh tkrh gS rks give iz;qDr gksrk gSA
ds lkFk iz;qDr gksrk gSA action ds ckn lkekU;r% of ugh
Eg: The hospital aims to provide the best
vkrk gS rFkk ;g his, her…etc. ds lkFk iz;qDr gksrk gSA possible medical care.
Eg: a heroic act of bravery. (√) • We want to give you the best possible care.
• a heroic action of bravery. (X)
• His heroic actions/acts during the war. (√)
55
10. Passage esa Afghanistan esa women dh condition • order/force a retreat

dh ckr gks jgh gSA bl sentence esa rebuilding dh ckr • join/serve in the army/navy/air force
dh gS vr% Afghanistan ds fy, lgh word country • be/go/remain/serve on active duty
gh gksxkA • serve/complete/return from a tour of duty
Lkgh answer option (b) country gSA • be sent to the front (line) attack/strike/
'ks"k rhuksa options- city, selves, state, factually engage/defeat/kill/destroy the enemy
wrong gSA • see/report/be engaged in heavy fighting
• call for/be met with armed resistance
Collocations: War and peace • come under heavy/machine-gun/mortar fire
• declare/make/wage war (on somebody/ • fire a machine-gun/mortar shells/rockets (at
something) somebody /something)
• go to war (against/with somebody) • shoot a rifle/a pistol/bullets/missiles
• cause/spark/provoke/foment/ quell unrest • launch/fire a cruise/ballistic/anti-tank
• incite/lead/crush/suppress a revolt/ missile
rebellion • use biological/chemical/nuclear weapons
• launch/mount/carry out a surprise/terrorist • inflict/suffer/sustain heavy losses/
attack casualties
• prevent/halt/represent an escalation of the • be hit/killed by enemy/friendly/artillery fire
conflict • become/be held as a prisoner of war
• be torn apart by/be on the brink of civil war • harm/kill/target/protect innocent/ unarmed
• enter/invade/occupysomebody's territory civilians
• lead/launch/resist/repel an invasion • cause/avoid/limit/minimize civilian
• adopt/develop/implement/pursue a military casualties/collateral damage
strategy • impose/enforce/lift a curfew
• c a r r y o u t / exe c u t e / p e r fo r m m i l i t a r y • engage in/be a victim of ethnic cleansing
operations/manoeuvres • be sent to an internment/a concentration
• send/deploy/station/pull back/withdraw camp
troops • accept/house/resettlerefugees
• go on/fly/carry out a reconnaissance/ rescue • fear/threaten military/violent reprisals
mission • commit/be accused of war crimes/crimes
• train/equip/deploy army/military/ combat against humanity/genocide
units • make/bring/win/achieve/maintain/ promote
• lead/launch/conduct a raid/a surprise peace
attack/an (air/airborne/amphibious) assault • call for/negotiate/broker/declare a cease fire/
(on somebody) a temporary truce
• employ/useguerrilla tactics • sign a cease fire agreement
• conduct/wage biological/guerrilla warfare • call for/bring/put an end to hostilities
• fight/crush/defeatthe rebels/the • demand/negotiate/accept the surrender of
insurgency somebody/something
• suffer/inflict a crushing defeat
• establish/send (in) a peacekeeping force
• achieve/win a decisive victory
• negotiate/conclude/ratify/sign/accept/
• halt/stop the British/German/Russian
reject/break/violate a peace treaty
advance
56
PASSAGE – 10 Detailed Analysis:

A healthy body is necessary for the development 1. ;gka wisdom ds development dh ckr dh gSA blank
of the _____1____and wisdom. Every human being space esa tks word vk,xk oks wisdom ls 'and' ls tqM+k
should exercise daily to _____2____ good health. gqvk gS vr% nksuks leku Hkko okys words gksaxsaA
Physical exercise ______3______ physical fitness. It Option (a) benevolence (n;kyw) rFkk option (c)
makes human being mentally _______4______. healing (Bhd gksuk) nksuks irrelevant gSaA
Physical exercise is required to _____5______ food
Option (b) nominate, grammatically wrong gS
properly.
D;ksafd ;s verb gS tcfd blank space esa noun vk,xkA
(SSC CGL 2014) Nominate dh noun form - "nomination" gksrh gSA
1. (a) benevolence (b) nominate vr% lgh answer option (d) intellect gSA intellect
(c) healing (d) intellect dk vFkZ logical way esa lkspus] le>us dh {kerk ;k fnekx
2. (a) start (b) maintain (mind) gksrk gSA
(c) legislate (d) reclaim
2. Sentence dk Hkko gS fd good health ds fy, human
3. (a) ensures (b) ensnares being dks izfrfnu exercise djuh pkfg,A vr% option
(c) ensuing (d) entangles (b) maintain lgh gSA vU; rhuksa options- start,
4. (a) mindful (b) alert legislate, reclaim, irrelevant gSaA
(c) akin (d) defective
5. (a) assent (b) apprise Vocabulary Point:
(c) digest (d) inhale v Start/ Begin
Start rFkk begin ds vFkZ esa T;knk varj ugh gS ysfdu nksuks
Answer key ds dqN patterns fHkUu gSaA
1. (d) 2.(b) 3.(a) 4.(b) 5.(c) Eg: What time does the concert start/begin?
• She started/began working here three months
Word Meanings : ago?
Benevolence - kind, helpful and generous- • Start, spoken English rFkk business contexts esa
mnkjrk T;knk izpfyr gS tcfd begin, written English rFkk a
Intellect - the ability to think in a logical series of events dks describe djus ds fy, iz;qDr
gksrk gSA
way and understand things –
vDy Eg: The story begins on the island of Cerfu.
Legislate- t o m a ke a l aw a f fe c t i n g • Start (ysfdu begin ugh) fdlh journey ;k machine
something – fu;e cukuk ds 'kq: gksus ds sense esa iz;qDr gksrk gSA
Ensure - to make sure that something Eg: We'll need to start at 7:00.
happens- lqfuf'pr djuk • The car won't start.
Ensnare - to make somebody/ something • Start dk vFkZ& “cksyuk 'kq: djuk” ds sense esa ugh gksrk
unable to escape from a difficult gSA
situation – my>kuk Eg: 'Ladies and gentlemen.' He started. (X)
Ensue - to happen after or as a result of
another event – ifj.kkeLo:Ik
Entangle - to make somebody / something
become caught – my>kuk
Akin – Similar to – leku
57
Grammar Point:
Start and begin ds ckn infinitive ;k –ing form dk
use fd;k tk ldrk gS rFkk nksuks cases esa gh okD; dk vFkZ
leku jgrk gSA
Eg: I didn't start worring/ to worry until she
was 2 hours late.
• lkekU;r% starting ;k beginning ds lkFk –ing form
iz;qDr ugh gksrh gSA
Eg: It's starting/ beginning to rain.(√)
• It's starting/ beginning raining. (X)
Vocabulary Point:
v Maintain/ Sustain
fdlh pht ds usual level dks vuar le; rd cuk;s j[kus
ds fy, maintain iz;qDr gksrk gSA
Eg: The two countries has always maintained
close relations.
fdlh pht ds lkekU; ls higher level dks yEcs le; rd
(u fd vuar dky rd) cuk;s j[kus ds fy, sustain iz;qDr
gksrk gSA
Eg: How long can such fast growth be
sustained?
3. Option (b) ensnares, irrelevant gSA bldk vFkZ

trap (tky ;k Qank) gksrk gSA
Option (c) ensuing, irrelevant gSA bldk vFkZ &
'fdlh ?kVuk ds ckn dqN ?kfVr gksuk' gksrk gSA
Option (d) entangles, irrelevant gSA bldk vFkZ &
'fdlh different ;k complicated situation esa Qal
tkuk' gksrk gSA
vr% lgh answer option (a) ensures gSA ftldk
vFkZ & fdlh pht dks ?kfVr gksus nsuk] ;s fuf'pr djuk gSA
4. ;gka option (a) mindful, option (c) akin
(similar), option (d)defective rhuksa irrelevant
gSA
lgh answer option (b) alert gS rFkk mentally
alert ,d collocation Hkh gSA
vU; collocation – mentally ill, mentally fit etc.
gSaA
5. Physical exercise food dks proper digest djus ds
fy, t:jh gS vr% lgh choice (c) digest gSA
vU; rhuksa assent, apprise, inhale, irrelevant gSaA
58

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Structure: brighten up something 3. Backward Reading

Eg. 8. Forward reading ls]

Eg: stealing a cheap watch. The witness, who was

Detailed Analysis : Note - bl passage ds lHkh questions dk detailed

vU; rhuksa options- in, into rFkk at, irrelevant gSaA

10. Try to understand the different Different Categories of wrong Options:

Eg. Eg: The train soon speeded up. (√)

scientific__10__. Eg: She is very sensitive to criticism.

SOME IMPORTANT COLLOCATIONS: Armed conflict

Carry information Common ancestor/approach/assumption/

Earlier discussion/period/research/stage/ Established order/practice/principle

Natural conditions/disaster/environment/ rate/structure

Raw data Rich source

Teaching strategy Use criteria/effectively/resources/sparingly/

PASSAGE - 1 Respiratory- connected with breathing-lkal ls

PASSAGE - 2 Word Meanings:

Collocations: Option (b) experiment, Red herring gSA

9. sentence ds sense ds according option (c) /a test/a longitudinal study/ observations/

PASSAGE - 3 Word Meanings:

inferred xyr gSA Option (c) revised, irrelevant gSA revise dk

Option (d) conclusive, irrelevant gSA bldk vFkZ

PASSAGE - 4 Amass - to collect something – laxzg djuk

PASSAGE - 5 Dreary - that makes you feel sad-fujk'kktud

Vocabulary Point: Politics ls related Collocations:

• to hide/conceal/disguise/mask the truth/ • criticize/speak out against/challenge/

• formulate/implement domestic economic

PASSAGE - 6 Answer Key:

option (a) pessimistic (fujk'kkoknh) factually

PASSAGE - 7 Eg: She's fluent in French and German. She

Eg- A swimmer drowned in the sea/ocean v Associate/ connect/ Relate

PASSAGE – 8 6. (a) cleverly (b) suddenly

1. (a) bench (b) chair Molten - heated to a very high

Detailed Analysis : 2. option (a) molten, irrelevant gSA molten dk

PASSAGE - 9 10. (a) city

10. Passage esa Afghanistan esa women dh condition • order/force a retreat

PASSAGE – 10 Detailed Analysis:

3. Option (b) ensnares, irrelevant gSA bldk vFkZ

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scientific10. Eg: She is very sensitive to criticism.