,t' :'

11 TzuB}IUVAN UN1VERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
2068 Chaitra Year / Part

:s"_bji;i";R;i!--ce$gyqti-elu+1s:t4:areehs-ol-os-v-
/ Cantliciates are required to give their answers in
their own words as far as practicabie'
r' AftemDt dnv Six questions.
/ Thn Jigrrns in the margin indicate Fy!!![g!s'
/ Asswne suitable data ifnecessary.

1. Explainthematerialsusedindillerentlayersoftheroadpavement.Describethedesirableproperties
test procedure to
irii " ,oij ror rru - grade and ugg'"guLt' lor the pavcment works' Descr ibe '
a.,.,-1". ir," r-"s Aigeles ugg'"gu'"' (3+3+4)
"b';:i;;";il;';i 'oui
to use on road construction? Describ; the
1 what tesm are conducted on road binders for its suitability of
test procedure to determine the*Jg;;;;;;;;;;thttg
value and to determine the softening point
Q+4+4)
bitumen.
construction? Describe the construction
3. How do you plan and manage the earthwork in roacl (2+8)
technology of Asphalt Concrete.

between the flexible and rigid pavements'

4, List nut the different types of road pavements. Differentiate
Describe the method of construction of bituminous
carpet. $+2+4)
(2+8)
5. Define premix and explain Marshai Method of
mix design for asphalt concrete'

rigicl pavement failure' Explain the

6. Why road rnaintenance is necessary? Describe about the (l+4+5)
maintenance ofthe rigid pavement.
(5x2)
7. Write short notes on (AnY two)

i) P€ivement evaluation.
iii Causes of failure and maintena:rce of 1'lexibie pavement'
iiil Sub - surface drains and horizortlal dt'ains'
;;j Anchor walls.
*i'*
 63 TRIBHUVAN T'MVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
Year / Part
2069 Chaitra

s;i;i;;;-[i;dc""'t*"ti""-tt49,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,t9n3!q1$re91mp*1
words as far as practicable'
/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own
/ Attempt anY Sk questions'
, 'iir i*rri i rhi mo'gin indicate Full Marks'
/ A.\sume suitable data if necessary'
between lhe hot mix and cold mix' What are the i'S"diflffi
L Define asphalt concrete Diflerentiate
its ."qui."rn.nt for asphalt concrele?
fo: its suitlb]l]?^i:#:
2. what tests are conducred
on.road aggregates
to determine the ten percent
fineness ot assrei'ilJ::i:i#;:T:Hffiin
;;";;J;;;;;il;" Q+4+4)
value of bitumen.
E'xplain the diffment types
main facrors thar depends the construction technology
rrruorui. its ,iset foi differtnt u*iuititl:olt)
3. Exolain briefly the
of ioad equipments and planrs ,i"l'tl'.["0"."**.iio".
the road construction components'
construction activities
construction technolog-v- L^ist out-rhe d'ifferent types of road (2+4+4)
4. Define road
i"r"riu" ii
**t od of construction of earthworks'

5'Explainhowthelandslideoccurs.Describedifferentactivitiestobeexecutedforthelandslide (2+8)
stabilization,

Q+4+4)
6.Whvroadmaintenanceisnecessary?Describethecausesofroadfailures.Explainthemaintenanceof
tlre ioad washout with neat sketch
(sx2)
7. Write short notes on (AnY two)
i.I Prioritization ofthe road maintenance'
iil tt'fu"nuf stability design method"
iii) River training Structures'
iuj Cont*.tio" of ona seal
 TNBIIUVAN LI\IIVERSITY
'132
N{STnUTE OF ENGINF'ERING
Examination Control Division
2070 Chaitra

own words as far as practicable'

are required to give their answers in their
Candidates
'iiiefifl
A ony $Bquestions . ,. -- r:.., tini.<
iru,'ol i-,t ihc ;nat gin indirure
Ful! Mnt'|2
Assiie suirable data if necessary'
hot mix and *i*' th" M*tt#rle
1. Define bituminous premix.
Differentiate between the "ota
P*pl"in ; e
Descdbe the test
on bitum": ^ " --':r^1^:r:+t' +^ -o" on road construction?
t":,lf:::llll:'"'""^T:.::.il;,lii"*1"'*'"
what rests are conducted 'ofteningpoint
of bitumen'
Explain the different types '6\
the construction technology
Explain brietly the main
tactors lhat depends
*l'S. orsoil stabilization' D"*";;;;';;;';iiont""hnologv;i';;;ffi;"tl ltabilization Q+3+q Al
exnlainine th" p'ot.?$
**, ,, **, n r, diagmm? Dmw a mass haul 1ffi;11ff:,s;e.tcrr @
H::liHfi tlu;#dil"til ; construction or surrace dressing' lAs b

' . Explain how the gllly formatioo diff(:teol-activities o be execut6t"* *t'

5
occurs' Deqcribe
@
O*,
coffiwofis.
different 6pes of road maintenance'
6. , What do you understand by- road
maintenance? Descdbe the "i;.t)- " (2+4+4)
/ Exprain the mainlenance o,
tiJiio*ino" pavements'
V (sx2)
Write short notes on (AnY two)
-ll t*f
{Hu:lr:ltlortheroadmaintenance' rr.t'hc, e,-r''<-'-t'^r:'
;iiif L*d .lid" ttabil-izauon '
macadam'
irj construction of bituminous bound
***
 Institute of Engineering
Pulchorvk CamPus
Departrnent of Civil Engineering
M' Sc' in Transportation Engineering I/l
Time: t hr.
Subject: Traffrc Engineering (Intemal Assessment) Attempt all
Fuli Marks: 60 Pass marks: 30

one lane at each approach' the total

1. For a two-phase, two intersecting streets a and b with
Vu and Vt and the deparhire
movernent volumes ii;r criticai ipproar:hes a and b,\
given:
headways 1q and h6, the foliowing con<iitions are

Yu= ]o = 4-5 sec' (Yellow time)

No all red time
hu -- 2.1sec ,i
hu= l9sec
V"= 500 Wh
Vu:450 r?h
PIIF = 0.85 -.--
You nee?16tffiiG fiming Plan'
speeddensity
2. A study of freeway flow at a particular site has resulted in a calibrated
determine, (a) free ,
reiationship as follows: y = ,rit, 0.008K). For this relationship,
_
(t1) flow density reiationship and
tf-"*' rp""ifUl;"", densitv (c) speed flow relationship
highest 1o'"el cf sen'ice
re) cal}acitv. \ffhat wil! be the sfpea ann fensity value fcr
possible iithe flow is 80% of the;:apqtity [low?

design of weaving section of

3. Explain in detail how different t'actors are considered in the
rotary intersection.

'/N'*',|
tnl^, *Td/rr*,
,'r"*I, U+*
l/rt'd 11"
 TzuBHUVAN TDIIVERSITY Exam. Regul4q . ._,
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level M.Sc. Full Marks 60

Transpoftation
Examination Control Division Programme Planuing
Pass Marks 30

2068 Chaitra Year / Part U1 Time 3 hrs.

candidates are required to give their answers in their ov,,n words as far as practicable.
Attempt any Five questions.
All (luestions caty equal marks.
As sutne suitable data if ne ce s s ary.

'A.
Q.No.1.
What are the different types of survey to be conducted lior lhe transport planni!g? Write
down the cornpooents
oitransportation facilitie; that should be surveyed as the inventory for the future planning'

What are th9 short term, rnedium telm and the long telnt plaus of road development in Ncpal? Mention
the
B.
lim ilation of Lhe Plan
nN^)
-
a. *u, is final locarion of a Write down the fietd works ihat have to be carried out in the pro'css of
'oad?
Also menlion lhe conlenrs ofa detailcd clgineeling srlrve) report'
detciled engineering sur.ley?

B. There is a provision of minintunr 1501]l straight porrion between two curves in a horizontal alignment as per
in
IIow is it possibie in th." iase of revcrse curves? How can the saf'ety be mainlained
. Nepal Road Standard. vehicles break dolvn iD the cause ways. what ar€ the reasons behind thls
such cascs? Generally the t-ast moving
sitration? Prove it wjth impact factor point ofview.
Q.No.3.
A. W}lat is railway surveying? Ybu are assigned as the team leader of prelintinary survey rvork of east-west

railu,ay project. Mention the field lvorks that you plan to furnish fbr lhis purpose

B. What is a rail\yay tracl(? Menrion the difierent components ofa tracl<. Ho!v can a tbrlnalion width oi a tragk be

frxed? write down the types ofgradient in lailway engineerine! descrlbe thern in brief"
Q"tf
i*"rrrioo,t u history of air tramport deyelopment ir Nepal. Hort' is ICAO significant in terms ofoperalion and
- conhll of Air 'traflspon in the-world?-
B. .M1at is the difference between road pavement allC the airpo pavement? Wlite down the stepwjse procedure
of 11rl1way design of an airport. Melttion the impodance oX the orientatioll of'the runway \rhile designing the
nruway as well.
Q.No,5
A. What is the trend of development of automobije?, what conponents of a automobile are taken into accol nt '
while designing the road? iVrite .lown the impoftance of operatioil and control of the characteristics of tne
vehicLes foi thJsafety ofthe road transport.

B, What are different mass transit systems? Which is the best system for Nepal? Wrire down its features ['lenli]l
compoElIjMIjf:lS"',
n.a,f .F",4 . ..; t'bf4 tn !
t!e design paramerers oC differenr
Q,No.6

Write short notes onl

4"*1 > /yu.^.{ a,o./ .sL'/t /14"* ,{42"-
1, Transition curve in*ailways m,o/a^ .

.2. Weaknesses ofNepal Road Standard in cor),'tection with geometric desigl oIroads
-3.- Airpoil G'adiflg
4. Railway Stations and yalds
.\

-//*/o/ //,l/etu,etu;
' 4 uLt'- *^"/ oltlrr-
-'?qtrJ o"*dA
- %-Sr"-&-o
' BrLrr.<,u P/*,.,'
- 6aluoh/n ad 1.ny'leneah-tdn

) t/,"ir,l /ny'u,a/,on .'-

' -'?r.iol )oil,a*i> ,
- 7"lL il-antlo4 furl,-/E,p"
- ?n)atscf
"l' /
- oeioJ 4l"hi I
bando,- sr/tl/,."
- co orltounic*/za,.t
r) olualnnd Noqa
' - a^J (o,.,) an/se',n'c
^/h2e+/(chxy'
- %."rt/ qJsP"/
Aaftue.*o. A/V./h*1k4.
_ hlrTbrhaL Se,U,a cz. ,

") 12ry"1 ,sr.V

- .:/4/+ath./,.,2

- ft4,rlo<n
"(/*,ia,e c,/t../.;,,Q",ct/V'-l v'r"'tfa/"*'lo o/ttu)
n1 I n,12s mto o
,'
' ( nnil iofTtalun
- rr*afu&-) !tmo^-l et"Af" d (L'h)
' Lo^J' ue fo'L'';t"'

/orz+,/ o'az n^ V
-.-

v) (,ra-ka./uo atj 9oltene.,l.Jd1

;in,rr^-ul * 15'a4
 64 TRIBHUVAN T]NIVERSITY Exam. Regular
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level M.Sc. Full Marks 60
Transportation
Examination Control Division Programme Planning
Pass Marks 30

2069 Chaitra Year / Part Ur Time 3 hrs-

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt any Five questions.
Alt questions caruy equal marks.
Assume suitable data ifnecessary. fa ^on
1. a., wllat is transportation planning? Mention the basic goal and objective of Transportation planning in Nryl.
Write down the process that should be followed in the preparation ofDistrict Transport Master Plans (DTMP).

b.. what are the strategies of Transportation policy of Govemment of Nepal? What are the plans of Govemnent
in developing the transpoflation in&asfuctures in short, mediun and long term? Analyze its implementaion
behavior.

2 a. How can an alignment be finaliaed try the slope stabllElglllglliglv? Write down the factoN that should
be considered while analyzing the slope stabilifo. Uow?anT-e
potentiality of the slope failure be analfi
basedffi
b. d;neralty ilEanaiiirn aufies are provided in the ho zontal curves oJ H-lllqqds. What are the reasons? Jusi!
this. Whal happens when two horizontal curves overlap- daih other? Write down th-elolutioniTa-t occurs in
driving the vehicles aiong horizontal curves.

3. a.. what are the different types and components of a lopo way. Mention the areas that should be incorporated in
the design ofarope way? Write down the details that are considered in the design ofa ropeway. ,

b.. How is effect of wind and earthquake considered in the design of rope way? Write do\4n the points t0 b€
followed in the management ofcrossings ofropeways-

4. a..Mention the scope and history of air tmnsport development in Nepal. How is ICAO significant in terms of
operation and control of Air transport in the world?

b. Write down the stepwise procedure of runway design of an airport. Msntion the importance ofthe orientation
ofthe mnway while designing the runway as well,

5 a.. What is the tend of development of automobile? Wlat components of an automobile are taken into account
while designing the road? Vy'rite down the importance of operation aDd contol of the chamcteristics of tie
vehicies for the safety ofthe road transport.

b..'i/hat are qiffeEnt-rnglq fgls.{!y{g!ls? Which is the best system for Nepal? Wdte down its featues. Mention
the design pammeters ofdifferent components ofBRT system.

6 w'ite short DotEs on:

a. Engineering survey for railways
b. Railway track
c. Rolling stocks
d. Railway Stations and yards
_-ffi eNCrsesBINc
E:xamination
il:M's9
i3"'c,*i*6'*gls
: ui
20'10 TGi6i[
Egg1'rranlp:lt.Lfr
9gP:-:;.,-il;;;ivffi icable'

Plffi,K*''
tit:Il*, .tfrtfHitflt . ,-r^*,tion that shourd be collected in the
process ortransPort

% m* ;ltl:x",#ff;H"[l':""iHl.T;;**;'H[,,J:;'"il'i*1'T""ii:"fiil][:""1T::'"'i
tt6.*u*'**ffi*#s*mugu***'':*"
' i"ii..i"r.. w; ue the changes
ru
"" '"-"'' rail wav?

o to"ol'
'** sh"* o"
*,::1r.-: :yl.-"]_lla
9]',':lq::::"-r,
*",ne informarion that ::'"tttu *u
for
ff""l',Tl',:T of si'le
ffi,u'lJT""!;:fl':J.i.llffH

airports'
O.No.5
,//write shon noteslln-r
in rrtt,,rundu
development'
?. i'?"Jn.t" "t**u
T Taxi waY
8. ..
 I33 TRIBHUVAN TINIVERSII'Y
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
2070 Chaitra

Suh -T ftation
their answers in their own words
i:;lii:;ftT;":,!,)::*" as rar as practicabre.
4!!! questions carry equal marks.
Assume suitable data if necessury.

what are the key actors for the

preparation ofplaruring?
write down the roles ofeach
key actor.

wuror as envrsaged
tf_iii#.
mi,#::j#ffi::Til:,Tli.:Xjjfll*"::.yir,1,
theRoadconstructi;."","r;.;;;;;sJd'ffi
in 20 years
write down the gqquv6rvr
plan. -'- srratesies of rwpal
Nepar uovemment
Governnrent ir
in
// "1

,_)/u yr.is a survey in infrashucture

development sector? Wl
whire
b.
l&o+S:+re+iedro," ri;;'.';;
iffi,,T,?,iliff":,::l,y^"11,31yiji"^*.",,,i,.I,ffi;Tfl""H"Tff::;rd,beincorporated
"-^"'"uon7 bxprain, discontinuities U tt .rt ,*.,
'challengesthat-have*tea""J*li?a".rl,;t;"rXfi##aare
ffJ,"#l,L i,r,"T* -ren ts^ "r-EuiE6te in hi rt roads. what are tbe reasons? Justiry this.
write down rh€
a- what is an aerial rope way. Wr
ra:tols thar are the componen8 thar have
,fr.
n- what
wnar is
rs the
"""v
"or"la"r"a..^..:
nmwi"i^-
1,,e proui"ion
j qes€nlng
*lit"'TjowD
v!'r$Iug Ile wire rone
tbe wre rope.
t,o be designed for a ropeway.
List out the
'Lrn'.,ur.oe
io rrr" .op"riui.'-'"" '' v*erlrcal and lateral
oi
^r clearance i-'r rope r*ey?
\l'rite dor.,.r: the general piinciple ofrescue
t
I ' #;:i:J#;:#H::n:i:ff"",Iflc ofrunway? Exprain in detair
rhe procedure of determining
the actuar

b. What are the functions of Tr!.iu,v, u,.-:r- i-

Taxiway? lvrite down the
method. 6?e of taxiways with explanation of
flx-€c segment
V'/hat..is philosophy
Ja. for the development of automobile?
How is the development
trjTf,:ilii'-Tffture in each mode or#rp";ffi;; #w oown the present sktus or vehicres affectins the
ofthe developmelt in
O
,y,it: parameters- rhar are ,eading [o Mass Transir sysl.em in K Metropolitan
ffiTrtff[1"J":l$f.*r, componenrs orBRr _ ^- - er ! you are assrgned to prepare ciry?
o!!!r. rry;;utbtu'du
systlm. Menrion the
a project proposal
write short notes on:
Aiiportciassification
Q
b. Railway Shtions and yards (
c. Engineering survey
fo. *il,"uy. I
d_ Rail fastening techniques I

-_,/
-
l

i
ii

/h
ir;

lji
t d orriniEo4 rr ordiu dl

I o:!
ffi
'1, ..p

.r:17'l.r,55
4 .15)) l.:6"e

a6n t.,84?'

-nn-il ildi ! 54i5

.,rxs l.c9
_l-!!_

i{!,6-

T,IBLE (rF{Rrnc^L v4 LUES Op F.DISrtu!llT o^ T^BLE J---Cnmc^ L VA!USS Of x'

(4 tpd hr)

195 u5.7 b4_6 2302 84_0 23&9 2,39 W.1 743-7 I z1B 3.84' 5,412 6.615
lSJt 19.00 19.16 19.25 19.30 r9.53 r9., a!.al r9n5 19_50 z
94 9.P g,At 8.33 3
5.59 6.39 6_26 6-!6 59t 5.Tt 5,53
5 ,.?9 ,..{r J.t9 J,OJ .1.95 142 5 4_',tst r338q lt.035
6 5,9 .r.15
1 6 5.X13
8 5.12 3.34 3_5t
4,0? 3J8 3,44 3.5 3J2 2.93
9 ,15 3.63 3.,A 4.31 3.X 3.gt 1Lg z1t 7.314 15J07 24,$n
,t.10 3,?t 3.43 3,r3 3,8 29t ?-74 2-34
II 3p3 3.'9 336 330 3,@ 295 2.79 L6t 241 23.20i
t2 3*t i,a, 3.26 3Jt 11I) 2.8J L@ ?.5t L3/J
r3 3.4r 3.18 3,m 2-92
'2.71 ll 5.Orl 4r5 u.725
1.74 ll.r 3- 296 2.85 L10 2J3 215 ztl l2 3511 t226 t&J4)
r.68 3r9 3.06 aro 2.10 u 4.tcl lJ'r 12.340 ic&2 ?2633
3.61 3r-{ 3.01 2,85
ul 219 L12 lU 2_Ol
4.45 xJ9 tjn 2.96 2A1 L70 2.3€ 2.19 1.96
l5 14.139
l3l -i55 3.16 2.9] 2,71 L66 2.5l 23 Lt5 r.92
t9l 433 152 3.r3 . 2.9o L71 2,Jt 1lt t_83 J.8t2 2q633
lrl 449 3.lo zo ?-71
2.63
L40
a!E
,;45 7:24 L03 r-'/
t? 6!0€
4.32 3.0'l Lu 2_6A I3
xl .rJ0 3.,t{ )b 2.!7, 2n5
231 7,12
L70
223 ZO5
213 2.03
t_81
r.?E
19 a.aN 3L63? 36,19r
aa2 101 ,53 35.0?0
,4 3t1 UA
2.63 233 2;2D LOL 7J6
fil '3o
3J8 29t L76 '-6X
2-5t
2/9 231
236 2.16 t38 r,?3
z60 2,16 I.96 tJl
id 422 ,9' L71 2,59 1r5 1.95 1.69
21,3\7 31.639
33J 1t-94 L71 L57 ul 33,963
;;l 3.y L|i ,.7t 7,s6 245 212 r.91 l.6t
21337
lsl 4.18 ari 2n. L10 751 Iza 2-t0 l,9o t.64
25 u.1\1
,ol t92 2A 23t
2.i4
242 1.09 1.39 1,62 26 3J,363
ol 2.5 2,4 2.18
3,r5 L16 7t2 'n1 231
,r:l 2,15 ?.10 ,.92 l.m t.t9
3.U zg 24' Z9 221 \t1 Ltz . i,83 1.61 t2J 19
a

62 TRIBI{UVANUNIVERSITY Exam.
INSTITUTE OI ENGINEERING Level M,SC, Full Marks 60
Examination Control Division Programme Transportalion
Pass Marlc 30
Plannine
2069 Chaitra Year / Part r/l Time I hrs.

Research & Statics

Candidates are required to give their answers in their owil words as far as practicable.
Attempt any Ugq estions llom 9!9!pl!and any f!trgg:questions from g!g.Lp_L.
The ligures ik the margin indicate EdLLlClb.
Necessan tables dre attached hercwilh,
Assume suitable data ifnecessary.

6ROUP A

7. a. WIat are. h)?orheses? Why they are needed in a research work? Does
every
research have hypotheses in it? What are lhe consideraliors ro keep while
. formulating h)?o*leses? , O)
b. Taking 'Tral6c problems in ihe Katmandu va[ey, as a broad area choose a concr3re
research topic and shory how rhe lesearch probt.n is fonxlaiei
lit
2 a. Dehne concept, indjcatols and variables and erplain ihem $tth examples. Give
lhe
,b. classificatio$ ofvariables and explaLn lhem Nifi erarnpte!. (7)
TarCeting rhe dilapidated conditions of roads in rhe ola city core area of Karmandu
city.suggost action research using the tfuee slage and eight step model of research
work to imprcve them.
6)
J. a. Whar are the eight motivators or values which can be rnvolled rnro a wrile_uD s!,
thar ,\e readers coutd be nrotrlared lo De sal!"-izcd irro .tr" r(Io.r) n..rion". rn
. the wrire-up. (7)
b. 'Elecuic.vehicles are solutions no! problems, in Katmandu valle),; draw up a lisiof
sections in the contents of a research proposal to j usti4, thc statemen!.
A)
6ROUP B
r'. ,1000lieht bulbs \rith mean tife ofr20 dal,s are instaled in a ne\\ facton.j their tensth of
li Ce is normall, disribuled \+ kh slandaro deYU tr on 2, dd\ s. i rnd
a. How man) bulb\ wiil exp;re in less lhan q, da)s7
b, Uit is decided to replace altthe butbs together, wlarinterval should be a owed between
replacement.
replacemenh ifrotmorerhan .1, percent shoutd expire before
00)
t A manufacturer of car batteries guarantees that his baltery will lasr, on rhe averase. J
years with a standard deviatioD of I year. IffLve ofthese bauenes have lifetrmes
oit.!
2.4, 3.0, 3.5ald l.2yeats, is the maaufacturer stiu convinced rhal hjs batteries have a
standard deviation of J year? Assume that fie batery hfe tim€ follows a nofmal
di$nhution e0)
6, The dyerage zinc concentration recorded ftom a sample of zinc measurements in .16
different locations was louDd to be 2.6 em p nittititer. Filld the g,o% and, 99%
coniidence intewals for the mean zinc concentdion in the ril,er. Assume that the
population standard deviation is 0.J.
e0)
Z Suppose we are.interested in a populatjon ol20 ildustrial units oftbe same size, all of
wrucn are expeflencmg excessjve labor tuDover problems. The past
records show thar
the mean of the distribution of aonual turnor"i is J2,
*i*-u .iar.rau.a
"*pLoy""",
deviatjon of 7J employees. A sample of five ofihese industrial
uaits is t;;r;,;;"_
!r-r.tcn glves a mean ol annual tumover cs J00 employeec.
Js tbc san ple mean consistenl
with the population mean? TestatJ%levelofsignifi;ance. - -"-'A0)
 trBLE: .{nc{v^LUF.sOf sTUDlrNT,S.DrsTtusUltor

I hi;rt.ir*;r-.;E;, _
i-ffi-J-*, -l--'--T-",-r - *
--ffi
;-f;-r.,,,-l-*, -r,"",

; .r,91

iSai

& !J54

'{5,i:

I^ALE (IF{RITTC/IL VA LUES Oa r_DtsTRIElJTloN

(d.Pc. @, TA0LE]--{RmC,1f vA[uts cEI:

t f6t_1 t9,5 7$.7 lrn

z; tr:r re.m trte rei<
^
?i,1.t 1t3,'?i:l,?L 24t.3 I ..1J5 7-1U 1.34t 5,412,
e,ut 3.9,t 3,35 3,7.{ s4
2

jl?{ 6.i,6 6,16 6.04 5pt s.7r 3

,; s- n ir fri
n., ;;;
,05 {.95 ..82 {48 ast
4.:ie 42A 4.15 4rO ltu
5,63
5
.7ri
4.15t 92ti t1.070 13_3t8
o.r,a vr ],rr :.r: 3.67
r.n, 3J3 J.4{ s-, ri,
:
tlii: :*;s
rul 4.96
a.ro 3.?t 1&
:.:1- ).44 3,:S X2
32' 3.m Lh 293
lLsn t6,812

rll 4.a4 JpB trr 3-22

" 3.97 2,91 Lln LJJOT

12l 4.75 188

Js ii; Da t,e z-gs tr9 zii 234
l..q ?,.
trJ r.o :*o ri,
,oJ o.u, r.ro
iiJ tE
,* i,i; 4b
El .-ff 3.63 3r9 2.35 170 2J3 2r,
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221 ll
t2
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I3307

2z6ta 74.7?5
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rol {.{9 3.6? 3r. rnt ary 2.4 a6a z{s zze
Lt3
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3571
1.101 5A97
tt t.cs 359 z,8t L74 L59 L42 1)^ z2-362
I ii zdt z7o 255 tlt 2.01
rl
', . t t L66 Xsl -/1_11 2.t9
Lr\
zt. t.y7
7.61 ,{8 23t Ltt t,88
5.312 tr_r33 27542

ri;*xllrag !t!
aq
?6
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u1
zs5
LaJ
2A2
Lao
is zoi
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l_84
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15,t33

t3,338
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,li# ;fi ;fi its ly 253 ?$ /2o 10; 36.rer

&l;1# * 4or
tlx ,uo zoo
2.51 2-36 ats ! or
zu zri ii
,ti az ili tit |y
1,73
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20337
21.3t
22,311

#/;*#;;;* r; i! ?:, m t* ;jj i:; t3 ti; i.g r.6J

t,44
u 23331
u.3!1
1,62 26
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3$##"+ i_i6
4a Ll1 LUz i.g, 1.61
34 alo t,94 t.?5 r o
l.l9
t5
:0
 ,11 TRIBIIUVAN TJNIVERSITY Exam.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING _..89g!rlar
Level M.Sc. Full Marks 60
Examination Control Division Programme Transportation
Planning Pass Marks 30
2068 Chaitra Year / Part I/I Time 3 hru.

Subject: - Traffic
candidates are required to give their answers
in their own words as far as practicabre.
Attenxpt any Five questions.
The figures in the margin indicate
FuU Marks.
ry"""tsorv ,holtt _orn ,rtu"hnd h
ASSUme surtable data iJ necessary. "rniiil-
l. Under what conditions the time mear speed and space mean speed will be equal? prove it
") mathematically. t6l
ity.attached to a business mall has accunulation factors (=accumulation/total no. of
- P 2\'p,ark:r€fac
\-\--- parkers) cs gtvcn in the table below. There are 1625
executives ofwhich 80% use the parking facilit
(car occupancy = 1.3). Work out the cumulativ€ ar vals
*' 'Ass"ume
and departues on a typical diy.
2002 executives are short term parkors (not more than 2 hours).
*-
i;j
Period Accumulation factor
Long term Short telm
7-8 AM 0.7s
8-9 I 0.05
9- 10 1 0.125
10,11 1 0.175
I PM
1- 12 1 0.200
12-1 PM I 0.22s
1-2 0.25
2-3 0.27 5
1 0.2s
4-5 0.25 0.200
5-6 0 0.!75
6-',l 0.17s
7-8 0
2- a) Desien the frggE rggliou wit[ttr" totto*ingioiCitionr
t8l
Volume: 3500 vph (one direction)
LOS: C
PHI-0.85
Free flow speed I l2 kmph
Lale width = 3.5 m
Percent Truck (Pr) : l0%
Percent Bus (PB) =0
Percent Recrealional VehicJe (pj) =5%
Adequate latera.l clearance and ofterrain: Ievel
(.t) Deterrnine the minimumrype number of lanes
(it) Ifone more lane is added; determine. what the lev€l of service will be.
.
b) Explain the differe,t parameters for measuling congestion ard
suggest your remedial measues to
curb the $owing traffic congestion problem o"f fatimandu
I4l
 3. a) A signalized intelsection approach has a lane group with the followiag signal timing. t6]

J. Cycle len$h : 80 sec

time : 30 sec
'C,reen

Yellowtime=4sec
.:/. AII red time = 2 sec
According to field data collection and analysis, it is found thal the stadup lost time and yellow lost
time for this lane group are 2 seconds and I spcond, iespectively. If &e Iane group salulalion flow
rate under prevailing conditions is3500 rpagpl, what is the capacity for this larre group?
b) Wlat is use oforigin destinalion suncy il transport pla.nning? Explain the different conditions of
applying different methods of O-D sruvey. I6l
4. a) Explain in detail how di{lbrent factors are considered in the design of weaving section at a rotary .

irtersection. t4]
b) The taffic flow at an intersection is shown as belou,, the figures indicating the flow volume in pcu
The lost time per phase is 2.4 seconds with saturation headrvay of 2.2 seconds. Amber time to be
provided is 3 seconds pet phase and the volu.ne to capacity ratio is 0.9. Find the four phase signai
timing with all red pedestrian crossing intewal arld porformance measure of the intersection. (Nole:
Assume left turn peuaitted) t8l
ll,l
1l:,i
lliil
I
, I r4o
lr'i+ !\l
196367 1zo
....,,,,.., .,r ] *o
\ l21s

124 417
'ez'f\-lll
4331
233 22o -t

5. a) The driver ofa vehicle is following another vehicle in front ofher in a two lane highway at night. she

keeps a clearance of one car length for every 16 kmph ofspeed while she follows the lead car.
,,u Horvever, while goiig downhill at 80 knph, the lead car crashes into the rear ofan unlighted
abandoned truck. At what speed will her car hit the rvreckage? Assume a perception reaction time of
2 seconds, a deceleration mte of 3.41 m/sz, the length of car of 6 m and road grade as syo. 16]
b) Discussing various causes ofaccidents, elaborate the procedure for detailed accident analysis.
[6]

6, Write short notes on:

[ax3]
a) Shock wave
b)
-
Traffic flow models-
")
Right turn equivalenoy factor -
d) Arr.ival vs Departure volu:ne
 FFS = 120 km/tt
Maximum denslty (pc/kmlln)
lrinimum spe€d (kr/h) 851
Maximum 1.00
{e
Maximum servic€ flow rale 2400

Maximum denslty (Dc/kn/lnl ?8

Mini!'flum spmd (km/h) 83.9
l!!aximum v/c 1"00

Maximum dBnsity (pc/km/ln) 28

[rlnirI]um speed (kr/h) w.l
Mnxlmum v/c 1.00
2300

l\raximurn density (pc/hm/ln)

Minimum speed (krn/h) 80.4
Maximum v/c 1.00
?254

an
6
</)

O
,.t-

r/)

al

Flow Rate, vp (pc/h/ln)

a 4iifrotntmt 0.0
'1.0
3.$
2.1
35
3.1
3.4
5.6
J,J
8.1
J.L
10.0
3.1

3.0

0.0
Rloht-shoulder 0,0
0,2
00
tateritCle{I9 0.0
03
0.4
OJ
>13 1.0 .13 07
0.6
1.5 1.0
1,s O,B
1,s
\2 oo 13
1.1
2.0
0,s 1.$
3.9 13
0.6
32
1.9
43 co
03
53
0,0
ftiffiqpft-'"'{*rt')
r;ffi-s'ig'K!1ry {.1
so3 ?.1
03 39
0.5 5.0
u.o 6$
0'7 8,1
03 92
0.9 102
1.0 12.1
1.1
,\2 (km/h)
ffi-inr',-ryYg1
ffimryry z5
0,0

2.4

4
43

3 13

ffi,segn,en\s'lNiso,t'
 6I TRIBHUVAN LNIVERSITY Exam- Regular
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level M.Sc. Full Marks 60
Examination Control Division Programme
Transportation
Planning
Pass Marks 30
2069 Chaitra Year / Part t/t Time 3lm.

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far
as practicable.
Attempt any Fiue questions.
The figures in the margin indicate Eqtll Marks.
N""es"nry Charts ar" attoched here-itl
Assume suitable data if necessary. -
L a)
Describe screen line counts, eord.on counts, intersection
counts axd control counts with their spesific
uses?
16l
b) A freeway has a flow-density relationship approximated by

fu=to3 tor0<ks30
\
lqJzOo -zo.ol t, for30ik <120
where /r is in vehictes/lane,& ometer. Flow on a particular
day is approximately .fuO uuvt-"ito.
At 1l:00 a.m. an incident occurs that reduces .upu.rty to.!Eqi,4t*"n.
is cleared, which increases canacity lo its normal urlr"
a*". +ffin', th;tr"il;;i
of veh,/lane/h. ,vVlrat cre the speeds of
the forming and clearing waves thal resuh?
t6l
2-a) A rural freer.r,ay has a 5 pcrccnt upgradc 1.2 km long. Expecred traffic
composition is l0 percent
fucks and buses and t 0 percentrecEationdf.r:eEicl-es."The
traffic stream is expected to be 0.25. rdear fiee-flow speed
uol***t facror for the characrer of the
ir i'io t ,vr.r. Interchanges are about g kn
apart- If the hourly volurne is expected to be 1.950 vrlr wlttr peak
a hour facror i'roli, rr"* r-y
lanes are needed to provide tevel ofservice C?
t6l
b) Explain the different typcs ofislands used i, channelizing at grade intemectiols with their function
t6l
3. For a two-phase, two intersecting sfteets a and b with one lane
at each approach, the total movement
volumos (for critical approaches a and_t) Va and Va and rhe
d.epaflure headways hu and h6, the

Y, = Yl : 4.5 sec. (yellow time)

No a.il red time
h" = 2.1 sec
h6 = 1.9 sec
V" = 500 vph
Vt=450vph
PlrF :
0.85
\C ty
You need to desi le liming plat.
I61

b) Briefly.describe the tasks youwould include iria comprehensive parking study

in yoiu locality
indicating how you would perlbrm eactl task and tr.re wa), you wourd pre=senr tire
cottectea aata. 1r1
4. a) E#lain the different components of queuing syslem. 141

b\.|lfour phase signal system is to be aiifiedEr a 6-ajor intersection. The flow ratios are:

Jiixif ,.J/j]l:3.3i
;;;;;i;'/;;:,=;;i) c x.- ",
= @* zes)"
.
l;r--Ld',5 )+4ffh
n1;: Los l;'* f t
(z/s)2:0.15
Phase D
Ifthe total lost time (L) is 14 seconds/cycle, determine
i. The shortest cycle length for avoiding oversaturation.
ii. The cycle length ifthe desired critical v/c ratio X" is 0.95
iii.The critical v/c ratio X" ifa cycle lenglh of90 seconds is used. t8l

5. a) How are travel time and delay studies used? Describe one method for collecting travel time and delay
data at a section of.a highway. Explain how to obtain the following infomatiori ftom the data
collected: (a) travel time, (b) operational delay, (c) stopped time delay, (d) fixed delay, and (e) aavel
time delay. t6l

b) A test of a driver's perception reaction time is being conducted on a special testing hack with vet
pavement and a driving speed of 90 kmph. !!4ren the driver is sober, a stop can be made just in time
to avoid hitting ajr object that is first visible 160 m ahead. Afler a few drinks under the exact smc
conditions, the driver fails to stop in time and strikes the object at an speed of 50 kmph. How mlch
slow is the driver after drinkingi (Assume rate of deceleration after brake application as 3.41 rnlsec2)
t6l
6. Write short notes on: [4x3]
a) Input pammeters for LOS analysis of signalized intersection
b) Accident statistics
c) Trafflrc regulations
 OS

B C D E
Criteria
FFS= 120 km/tt
28
Maximum density (Pc/km^n)
85.7
Minimum speed (krn/h)
1.00
Maximum{c
2400
Maximum service l1$lr rats

16
Maximum density (Pcy'km/t )
108.5 83.9
Minimum speed (krn/h)
0.v4 1.00
Maximum v/c
service flow ral6 1740

7 11 16 2?
Maximum dBnsity (Pc./km/ln}
100.0 100.0 100.0 s3.8 82.1
Minimum speed {krdh} 'L00
U.JI' 0.48 0.70 0.s0
Maximum Y/c
700 1100 1600 2065 2300
[triximr]m sewice flow rale {i

28
Maximum density (PcJkm/ln)
80.4
h,linimum speed {kfl/h) 'l-00
M imum v/c
2250

Reduclon in Free-FIow SPeed, (km/h)

LaneWidth (m)

36 0.0

35 1.0

3.4 ?.1

a1
3.3 J,l

32 56

31 8.1

3.0 10.6

Reduction in Free-Flow SPeed, (km/h)

Lanes in One DirecUon

Riqht-Shoulder
Lateral Clearance
0.0 0,0 0.0
> 1.8 0.0
0./ 0.3 0.2
1,5 1.0

1.2 1.9 1.3 0.i 0,4

0.9
,o 1.9 1,0 0,6

l.to 1.3 0,8

0,6 3.9
'1.1
4.8 3.2 1.6
0.3
20 l0 '1.3
0.0 5.8
 lnterclun{es P€r Kilo,IiL'lel Redurtion iI Free-t lo!'il S]l€ed,

< 0.3 0.0

0.4 1"r
2.1
0.5
0,6 3.9
5.0
0.7
0.8 6-0
8.1
0.9
1,0
9.2
10-2
1.1
12.1
1-2

Reriuctiof in Free-Flott,/ SPeed, (km/h)

Nurflber o{ Lanes (0ne Direclion)

>5 0,0

4 ?.4

3
4,8

?
t.3

Note: For all rumlfre€way segments, fN is 0.0.

u0ffide L€ngth
ofTru# and luEes

iim)
.2
15 1_5 1.5
1J 1.5 1.5

IJ t_5 1.5 J5 1,5 t_5

1( 't.5 'lJ 'l-5 1.5

1J t.5 1.5
e0 1_5 1"5
2.0 2.0 ?c 1.5 1-5

2-5 2.5 2.5 LA LO a0 z0

3_0 3.5 e0 LI z0 ?.0
't.5
1-5 1.s 1.5 1.S

2.0 ,n z0 2-0 1.5

2_0 2.0 1C 2,0

3"0 e5 2.0 z0
Z5
3t 3-0 3.0 3.0 3-0 ?.5

33 3_0 3.0 t-5

1.5 1.5 1.5
r_5
?.0 z0 7.4 ?.0
3.0 1S
3$ z5
35 3.0
43 3^5 3-0 x0 3"0 3_0 3"C

,{.0 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.0

5-0
2fr 1.5 1"5 1,5 1"5 1"5 r.5 1.5
2-0
3-0 2.5 zfi 20 2.0 ,0
4_t
1a 2.5 ts t_5 L5 75
4"0 3-0
4.5 43 35 3,0 3-0 3,0 10
5.0
4.5 4.0 3"0 3.0 3.0 3.0
55 5.0
6.0 5.0
(n 3.5 3.5
 I34G TRIBHUVANTJNIVERSITY lxam.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level M.Sc. Frll Marks 60

Examination Control Division Programme Transportation Pass Marks 30

2070 Chaitra Ycar / Part tfi Time 3 hrs.

/ candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
/ Attempt any Ebg questions.
/ The Jigures in the margin indicate ru!!.L[g!Lt
/ Necessart, chdrts dnd tables are attached herewith.
/ Assume suitable data ifnecessary.

l. a) Describe how thejoumey speed ofthe traffic stream may be measwed. t6l
a) Data collected at a parking lot indicate that a total of3OO aars pa* between 8 a.m, and 6 p.m l0% of
these cars are parked for al average of2 k, 30%o fot wt avenge of 4 br, and the remaining cars are
parked for an average of l0 hr- Determine the space-hours nf1lg@llell}e lot. If l0% of the parking

d6 tuy. u." ,u"-t oo uuerage (betg[44g.4g!fu

parking bays in the parking ot. Assume an efficiency
) ar the'parking lot, determine the number of
factor of 0 85. t6l

3. a) l0 vehicles wait for a geeo lighl. The 2nd vehicle is a truck, the 5rh is a bus and there are tluee right
tums. Calculate time required for the 10 Yehicles to e er the intersection if each right tum vehiole
't consumes I .3 seconds more time and heaqy vehicle consumes 1 ,5 times r.rore time than that of car.
t6l
Car in lide O0 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9. 10

Crreen time coDswned (sec) 3.1 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.t 2.1 2.1 2.1

b) Explain the use of time space diagram with example. t6I

the ttuee critical parameters of vehicle actuated signal conhoi system. y,

ll|/ "D fxplain
' b) / fle minimum cycle Iength for aD iDtersection is determined 10 be 95 seconds. The criti# lane group
,/ flow ratios were calculated as 0.235, 0.250, 0.1?0 and 0.125 for Phase l '4 respectively/i/hat X. was
used in the determhation ofthis cycle length, assuming a lost of5 seconds per phase? t6l

L
 5- a) An.ulhaq-&Eeryay pr.sentry has three 3.6 m ranes ona3 percent upgrade 2.g
km rong. The traffic
includes 8 percent trucks and buses (Recreationar vehicres are- iegrigible). Theie arc
no latcrar
obstructions. Interchanges are about 1.3 km apart. The peak hour -factor is 0.90. Ideal
speed is I 10 krn/l.
(l What maximum hourly volume can currently be accommodated by rtr" upgraae
free_flow

lutTJpu"ity;t
6)
(ii) How much this could be increased
_
by widening and remarking the';i$in; ,oJaruy'io
provide four 3 -m lanes up the grade?

b) Explain the general requirements oftraffic control devices. t4l

_6 Wlite short notes on:
i,,,,' [4x3]
a) Accident arElysis procpss
b) Use ofO-D survey
c) C_qngglion rnggsglep ,\
d) engineering
Driver's behavior in Eaffic
( t)
* *:t \-/

= t20 tnrrt
Madmum density (pcnm r)
Mjnimum speed (krnni)
7 1t 16 4
120.0 1m.0 fi4.6 99,6 w.7
Madmum rltc 0.35 0.55 9.n g.s2 1.00
Maximur seMce fld,Y rlh lr 840 1320 1840 m 2400

Mdlmum dsnsity (pc/hrrl$)

8
Mk mum E@ (kI r) 83.S
Madmnm v/c
1.00

Madmm demtty {pc&I,n} I 1l rq a

himum speed (1(114]) 1U).0 1003 100.0 82.r
M4!flun lrlc : , 0J0 0.48 o.m os0 Ht0
7)0 1r00 '1600 70a5

Matuum density {pcA /ln} 7 11 l6 22

Mltrum speed 0slfil .
m.0 s0.0 m0 89.1 80.{
Maimurn v/c 028 0.44 0.64 0.87 t.m
Maxir,luI seMte lw ratB L 6ts0 990 114A 1CA5
 (krdh)
Rerluctior in tree-Ilo wSpeed, {Lc

-- Lrne, ,, 0, e Direclion
4 >5
Right-Shoulder 2

0.0 0s
0.0 0,0
> !.8
0,3 0.2
1,0 0.1
1.5
0.7 0,4
1.9 1.3
1.2
1,0 0.6
2,9 1.9
0,9
1.3 0.8
3,9 2.6
u.b
1.1
3.2 1,6
c.3 4.8
1.9 1.3
5.8 3.9
0.0

Reduclion in tree-Flod
lnterchanqes r]er Kilometer
0.0
< 0.3
1.1
0.4
2.1
0.5
3.9
0,6
5.0
0l 6.0
0.8
8.1
0.9
s.2
1.0
10.?
1.1
1?-1
t.?
(km,'h)
Numbu olLanes (0rre Directiott)
00
>5
2.4
4
4.8
3
7.3
?

',-: :ti rr I'inlile${a'/ seqmllts l,.is00'

o{ TNcts nul Bls.s

UpgBde LEnSth I
6-fBltoltslzo x
(}tl {km} l- , 4 5
15
.? All l-slislt-s l5 1.5 1_5 l-5
t!
[H.4 l5 '15 ll 1.5 1
15 1.5 t_5
15 1.5
, 0.4-{.8 t5 15 IJ l5 1.5 1,5
'15
'1.5
IJ t5 15 IJ
> 0.8-1.2 1.5 t: 1,5
I5
z0 1.5 1.5 t,5 1.5
> 1,2-1.6 2.0 z0 2.0
.E 10 z0 z0 z0
'
,7.4
1-6-2-4
.V/
l-5
3-0 33 25 6\
.1 E
6D zfl 2_0 LD
1.5
ZO
1,5
1.5
!! 1.5 1"5 1.5
0.0-0.4
2.9 2.0 zfr 15 1.5 1_5
> 0.4-{-E 2.0 2.0 2-0
2-0 10 2-0 2.0 Lg
:3+ > 0.8-'1,2 !.b 2.5 ?.0 2-0
e0 z0 z0
L5 a5 75
: 1-2-1.8 3"0 3,0 ?5
Lt L5
x.0 3.0 L5
: 1-6-2-4 35 3,0
2.5
30 3,0 3-0 3.0
r?.4 4tl 35
1.5 15 l5
t5 1( l5 t-5 t.5 1.5
z0
1t l-i w 2[ LA z0
>

)
0.4-{.& 3.tI
3S
L5
3.0 3"0 3.0 a5 Z5 LA 2.5 u
> 4-5 0.8-1.2 3-0 x0
?E 3"5 3.0 x0 3"0
r 1-a-15 4-0
1fl 3,0
3.5 3-0
: l-6 5.0 4.t) 40 4.0