GROUP 2

Nurul Audina Amalia 20160420186

Refa Yunia 20160420299

IPAcc J

NORMAL KURVE

The most important Sebarran in numbers of statistics is the spread or distribution of the normal.
Various left normal distribution assumption which goal. The Data of figures for cultivation was
radiations normal.

The normal distribution is a concept of mathematics which diidealkan. A score spread really
normal that in accordance with the concept of the idealisyik actually rarely found. The spread of
sebaram scores from various knowledge of behavior comprised the tendency to follow and or
meet the normal distribution assumption is extraordinary, many found. The spread of the spread
of the scores on the generally in accordance with the normal distribution assumption.

A. ABOUT KURVE NORMAL

Image of kurve normal resembles genta (bell) that orderly. Description kurve normal depending
on two parameters namely μ and σ (each is a worn out cymbals the average count and Standard
deviation for the population is for the normal samples is required 𝑋and s).

𝑥−ẋ 2
1
Y = 𝑆√2 𝜋 𝑒 1/2(𝜎
)

Image of normal kurve shaped genta, in the middle of the top kurve was drawn to the bottom of a
layout 𝑥 average count (𝑥 = μ), and elevation of the right and left of the district is Standard
deviation (s = σ). Remember also : high or left largely unaddressed kurve shows the frequency of
(Y), is that horizontally is a score (X).

Normal Kurve comprised several characteristic is (1) graph kurve always above the flat X. (2)
The mode namely point on the axles horizontally to create the function reaches the maximum
occurs at x = μ, (3) parts of the right and left of the central point is the symmetric 𝑥 + 3s, to the
right of the and left 𝑥 – 3s, (4) The wide area kurve above the flat with 1. The childs left largely
unaddressed a kurve will depend on the size of the small of the average count (𝑥) and Standard
deviation (s). If s big or the larger picture of kurve will be progressively lower. should if s kecul
or more small, picture kurve will be increasingly high.

Two kurve can also has an average of count the same way, but with different Standard deviation.
The average hitungnya same but different bypaths commodity. kurve berpusar on the position of
the same raw deviation greater lower. Two kurve normal can also have the possibility of both the
average count or bypaths raw is not the same as centerd on the position of the axles horizontally
is also different shapes, high-narrow and low dilate.

B. NORMAL KURVE AREA.

The central point kurve is the layout of the average count (𝑋). on the right and the left 𝑋 is the
Standard deviation which is positive (guide at the top of the average count) and negative 𝑋
(value under the average count). Because normal kurve symmetric nature of , wide area under
and above the 𝑋 is the same great each 0.5 or 50%. The number of the whole subject in the
measuring cup and observed in one area of the normal kurve theoretically spread to the right and
to the left of the central point in a balanced. Determine the layout of the position of both the
score in the normal kurve required information about standard score of z-score.

1. Z-Score

Z-score is a concept of the numbers that many used to troubleshoot various problems
statistics.can show the comparison of the deviation of a score (x) from the average count (x)
against the deviation (s). Now the formula untukmenghitung z the leaderboard is:

(𝑋−𝑋)
Z= 𝑆

2. T-Score

Function to avoid negative numbers or decimal produced through the calculation of z-score. for
that the statistics provide a way out, namely with how to transform the z-score to the t-score. The
formula for calculating t-score is as follows:

T = 50 + 10z (Numbers 50 and 10 constant)

Or can be calculated directly based on data:

(𝑋−𝑋)
T = 50 x x 10
𝑆

3. THE CONCEPT OF PROBIBALITY

The emergence of probability of events, can be interpreted as the proportions of the emergence
of a whole events. The problem is the probability of frequency problem the emergence of a
symptom or events that were observed. Probabilistic problem is the problem of the concept.

1. The Relationship Between Probability and Normal Curve

The normal curve is a theoretical distribution to describe the frequency of events. A bell-shaped
curve shows that the peak is the highest occurrence of the frequency of occurrence, and that is
where the average count is. Deviations to the right and left mean the reduced frequency of events
and the more to the right or to the left the frequency will decrease. In other words, the higher the
deviation, either positive or negative, above or below the mean, the probability of the appearance
of the incident will be even smaller.

D. Z-Score for Hypothesis Testing

The hypothesis is inherent in quantitative research although not all quantitative research requires
a hypothesis that is primarily descriptive. The hypothesis that is used as the basis of various steps
of research work, start And the making of instrument, data collection, data analysis, and finally
in the form of inferences research findings.
The hypothesis itself can be interpreted as a statement that the truth must still be proven through
empirical evidence of the work of research. The hypothesis can not just appear, but must be built
on the theory developed. The hypothesis is put forward in a news sentence in which Ho and Ha.
statements are usually written with:
𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇1 = 𝜇2
𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇1 ≠ 𝜇2
𝐻𝑜 = Null hypothesis
𝐻𝑎 = Working hypothesis
Because the magnitude of z-scores obtained can be used to determine the level of significance of
the statistical test result index figures, such as correlation test or anava, testing the research
hypothesis can also be done by calculating the z value. It is another alternative, because in
general the test of significance is done by consulting it on critical values that have been labeled.
the significance test through the table is much easier than bothering to calculate the value of z.
However, in the absence of table numbers, the calculation of the z value is one of the alternatives
to choose from, and statistics provide formulas for that purpose.

E. Normality Test
The normality test of the data must have been done before the application of a statistical formula
for hypothesis testing. In other words, the first statistical analysis done in order to analyze the
data is statistical analysis in the form of normality test. The certainty of the fulfillment of the
normality requirement will guarantee the accountability of the next steps of statistical analysis so
that the conclusions taken can also be accounted for.
There are several ways that can be used to test the data normality. the way in question is to use
the formula Chi squares and Liliefors. the normality test presented below is the one using the Chi
squared model. Normality test by using Chi square model can be reached by two ways, that is
not different in calculation of expected recency (E, expected). the first way to find E is by
calculating the area of the z-score area, while the second way is through the percentage
calculation.
The formula for calculating the is as follows:
(𝑂1 −𝐸1 )2 (𝑂2 −𝐸2 )2 (𝑂𝑛 −𝐸𝑛 )2
𝑋2 = + + ⋯+
𝐸1 𝐸2 𝐸𝑛

O : Observed frequencies
E : Expected frequency

So, in the normality test of a data using formula x we must first calculate the expected frequency
(E), while the observed frequency (O) is by itself available. Besides, even though the data to be
tested is the normality of interval-scale data, which becomes the problem not the greatness of the
number of each individual data that exists, but the frequency of occurrence of each data number.
thus, the data cultivated in this normality test is nominal data, ie the problem of distribution of
the data, whether following the normal distribution assumption or not.