Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CONSTRUCTION
• Introduction on Pavements
• Construction of WBM
• Construction of WMM
• Construction of Bituminous Roads
• Failures in Aspects
• Closing Remarks
Wearing course
Surface course
Base course
Drainage Layer
Subgrade
Wearing Course
• Surface Dressing (SD)
• Open graded Premix surfacing
• Closed Graded Premix Surfacing
• Seal Coat
• Mastic Asphalt
• Chip Seal
• Fog Spray
8/2/2011 Construction Project
Management, NAC, Hyd
Treatment in between two layers
• Subgrade Construction
• Subgrade: Top 500 mm compacted
thickness of native/borrow material
prepared as per standard conditions
8/2/2011 Construction Project
Management, NAC, Hyd
• Embankment- refers to
a volume of earthen
material that is placed
and compacted for the
purpose of raising the
grade of a roadway (or
railway) above the level
of the existing
surrounding ground
surface.
Density requirements
embankment Min 95
Construction
Setting out- Limits of embankment/ subgrade to be marked- pegs
Dewatering- If water is stagnant and possible to remove, remove
Stripping and Storing topsoil- 150 mm top soil- stripped and stockpiled
Compacting ground supporting embankment/subgrade-Original ground
to be levelled – scarified, mixed with water and compact
1. Moisture Content
2. Soil Type
3. Effect of Compaction Effort
3.1 Amount of Effort
3.2 Nature of Effort: Load Duration and Area of
Contact
1
2
Gamma rays- in to soil and detector receive the rays back and
density can be calculated.
Neutron radiation- emitted- neutrons lose energy due to
collision with hydrogen atoms in soil, detector measures the
neutrons that pass through soil and thus moisture content
8/2/2011 Construction Project
Management, NAC, Hyd
Sand replacement method for field density
WBM Gradation
Grading No Size range IS sieve % weight passing
90 to 45 mm 125 100
90 90-100
1 63 25-60
(100 mm) 45 0-15
22.4 0-5
63 to 45 mm 90 100
63 90-100
2 53 25-75
(75 mm) 45 0-15
22.4 0-5
53 to 22.4 mm 63 100
53 95-100
3 (75 mm) 45 65-90
22.4 0-10
11.2 0-5
CONSTRUCTION STEPS
Preparation of Foundation
Existing unsurfaced road
• Surface scarified and reshaped to the required
grade, camber and shape
• Weak places strengthened; corrugations removed
and depressions, pot holes etc. made good with
suitable materials
•Existing black topped surface
• Furrows 50mm x 50mm at 1m intervals 45 0 to the
8/2/2011 Construction Project
central line Management, NAC, Hyd
Lateral Confinement of Aggregates
• Construct side shoulders in advance
• Inside edges may be trimmed vertical
Spreading of Aggregates
• Uniformly and evenly spread
• Twisting motion to avoid segregation
• Proper profile by using templates
• Surface of the aggregate spread trued up and all
high or low spots remedied by removing or adding
aggregate
8/2/2011 Construction Project
Management, NAC, Hyd
Rolling
• Immediately after spreading, compacted to the full
width by rolling with either a three wheel power roller
of 8- 10T capacity or an equivalent vibratory
roller
• Rolling begins from edges with the roller running
forward and backward
• Adding screenings simultaneously until edges
compacted
• Progress gradually from the edges to centre
overlapping uniformly each preceding rear wheel
track by one half width
• Rolling continue until the road metal thoroughly
keyed with no creeping of metal ahead of the roller
•8/2/2011
Slight sprinkling ofConstruction
water Project
Management, NAC, Hyd
CONSTRUCTION STEPS- WBM
53 100
45 95-100
26.5 -
22.4 60-80
11.2 40-60
4.75 25-40
2.36 15-30
75 micron 0-8
Typical
Application
Proper
Coverage
– Rutting
– It is called permanent deformation because it
represents an accumulation of small amounts of
unrecoverable deformations
– under the channelized repeated wheel loads