ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬

1
 ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬

ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬
No^v FUn‰¿
hn. kpa
{]n≥kn-∏¬ C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hm^o-k¿
^mw C≥^¿ta-j≥ _yqtdm

cN\
tUm. B¿. sskd
Akn v Ub-d-IvS¿
arK-kw-c-£W hIp∏v

FUn-‰¿
Fen-k_
- Øv tPm¿Pv
]ªn-t°-j≥ Hm^o-k¿

te Hu´v, Unssk\nMv
Zo]Iv auØm-´n¬

2
 ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬

ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬
BapJw
ho´p-ap-‰Øpw hmWn-P-ym-Sn-ÿm-\-Ønepw imkv{Xob coXn-bn¬
tImgn- h-f¿Ø¬ kwcw`Øn¬ G¿s∏Smw, hnP-b-I-c-ambn \S-∏m-°mw

C\-߃
{Kma-e£van (B-kvt{Sm-ssh-‰v) {Kma-{]n-b, {Kma-{io, AXp-e-y (sF.-
F¬.-Fw.90) IenwKm {_u¨ (tdm-tUm-ssh-‰v) ]m v tPymXn, Kncn-cmP
XpS-ßnb k¶-c-h¿§-t°m-gn-Iƒ tIc-f-Øn\v A\p-tbm-P-y-am-Wv. arK-kw-
c-£-W-h-Ip∏v ÿm]-\-ß-fnepw kz-Im-cy lm®-dn-I-fnepw tImgn-°p-™p-
߃ e`n-°pw.

{Kma-e£van (B-kvt{Sm-ssh-‰v) IenwKm {_u¨

IqSv
ho´p-h-f-∏n¬
10-˛12 tImgn-Isf ho´p-h-f-∏n¬ ]I¬k-abw Xpd-∂p-hn´v Xo‰n-
t∏m-‰p-Ibpw cm{Xn-Im-e-ß-fn¬ am{Xw IqSp-I-fn¬ kq£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
∂ Cu coXnbmWv A¥-co£ Dujvamhpw Cu¿∏hpw \nd™ tIc-f-
Ønse Imem-h-ÿbv°v G‰hpw A\p-tbm-P-yw. Cßs\ hf¿Øp-tºmƒ
Hcp tImgn°v cm]m¿°m≥ Hcp NXp-c{i ASn ÿew A\p-h-Zn-°-Ww. 4
ASn \ofhpw 3 ASn hoXnbpw 2 ASn s]m°-hp-ap-ff Iq´n¬ 10-˛12 tImgn-

3
 ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬
Isf ]m¿∏n-°mw. IqSv Xd
\nc- ∏ n¬ \n∂pw 1˛2 ASn
Db- c - Ø n¬ Imep- I ƒ
sImSpØp hbv°p-∂-XmWv
\√-Xv. Iq´n-\p-f-fn¬ Xo‰-∏m-
{X-ßfpw shff ]m{X-ßfpw
k÷o-I-cn-°-Ww. kpc-£n-
X-am-bXpw btYjvSw Im‰pw
shfn- ® hpw IS- ° - Ø °
IqSp-I-fm-bn-cn-°Ww \n¿Ωn-
t°- ≠ - X v . acw sImt≠m
Iºn-h-e-Iƒ sImt≠m Nne-hp-Ip-d™ IqSp-Iƒ {]mtZ-in-I-ambn \n¿Ωn-
°mw. ta¬Iqcbv°v Hme, HmSv, jo‰v F∂n-h-bn-te-sX-¶nepw H∂v D]-tbm-
Kn-°mw. IqSv hoSns‚ ]cn-k-cØp≈ Db¿∂ {]tZ-i-ØmWv hbvt°-≠-Xv
Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw am‰n ÿm]n-°m≥ ]‰p∂ Xc-Øn-ep-f-f-h-bp-am-bn-cn-
°-Ww.
]®-°dn Irjnbpw sNSn-Ifpw a‰pw ho´p-ap-‰-Øp-s≠-¶n¬ tImgn-
Iƒ Ah \in- ∏ n-
°m≥ km[-y-X-bp-
≠v . ASp- Ø - S pØv
hmk-ÿe - ß
- ƒ Df-
f- t ∏mƒ hoSp- I -
fnse tImgn- I sf
Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ {]bm-
k- a m- W v. CØ- c -
°m¿°v tImgn-°q-
Sn\p Np‰pw Hcp
tImgn°v 5 NXp-
c{i ASn F∂
IW-°n¬ Iºn-th-
entbm πmÃn°v
hetbm sIm≠v then-sI-´n-Xn-cn®v ]I¬ kabw Xpd-∂p-hn-Smw.
tImgn-°qSpw ]cn-k-chpw ]Xn-hmbn XqØv hrØn-bm-°-Ww. IqSp-
Iƒ Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ dn∏-b¿ sNbvXp s]bn‚-Sn-°p-Ibpw am‰n ÿm]n-
°p-Ibpw thWw.
]Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ tImgn-°p-™p-ß-fp-s≠-¶n¬
Uo∏v en‰¿ (A-dp-°-s∏mSn D]-tbm-Kn-®v) k{º-Zm-b-Øn¬ tIm¨{Io‰v
Xd-I-fn¬ hf¿Øp-∂-XmWv DØ-aw. ap´-bp-ev]m-Z-\hpw hn]-W-\-hp-amWv
e£-y-sa-¶n¬ Hcp tImgn°v 2.25 NXp-c{i ASn ÿew A\p-h-Zn-°-Ww.

4
 ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬
F§¿ \gvk-dn-bmWv e£-y-
sa- ¶ n¬ Hcp tImgn- ° p-
™n\v Ac NXp-c{i ASn
ÿew aXn-bm-Ipw. Uo∏v.
en‰¿ k{º- Z m- b - Ø n¬
tIm¨{Io‰v Xd- I - f n¬
hf¿Øp∂-XmWv DØ-aw.
ap´-bp-ev]m-Z-\hpw hn]-W-
\- h p- a mWv e£y- s a- ¶ n¬
Hcp tImgn°v 2˛25 NXp-
c{i ASn ÿew A\p-h-
Zn-°-Ww. F§¿ \gvk-dn-
bmWv e£-y-sa-¶n¬ Hcp tImgn-°p-™n\v Ac NXp-c{i ASn ÿew aXn-
bm-Ipw. Uo∏v en‰¿ k{º-Zm-b-Øn¬ Hcp Znhkw {]mb-am-Ip-tºmƒ apX-
ep-ff tImgn-°p-™p-ßsf Ir{Xn-a-®qSv \¬In hf¿Øm≥ km[n-°p-∂p.
]´-W-ß-fn¬
Iºn-{Kn-√p-Iƒ
LSn- ∏ n® IqSp- I -
fmWv A\p-tbm-P-yw.
45 x 40 x23
sk‚oao‰¿ hep- ∏ -
ap- f f Hcp Iq´n¬
\mep tImgn- I - s f-
hsc hf¿Ømw.
IqSns‚ Xdbv°v
ap∂n-te°v sNdnb
Ncnhv \¬Ip- ∂ p.
(ap´- t i- J - c n- ° m≥
kuI-c-y-Øn-\v) CXv
c≠p X´mbn
hf¿Øn-bm¬ IqSp-
X¬ tImgn- I sf
hf¿Ømw. IqSn-\p-f-fn¬ Xs∂ Xo‰bv°pw shf-f-Øn-\p-ap-ff {]tX-yI
Xc-Øn-ep-ff ]m{X-߃ k÷o-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Hmtcm X´n-sebpw ImjvTw
ASn-bn-ep-ff t{Sbn¬ tiJ-cn-°-s∏-Spw.
sSd- n¬
100 tImgn-I-sf-hsc sSd- n¬ AY-hm. a´p-∏m-hn¬ hf¿Øp-∂-Xn-
\p-ff tIPp-Iƒ e`-y-am-Wv.

5
 ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬
hym-h-km-bn-Im-SnkvYm\-Øn¬ hf¿Øp-tºmƒ
Imem-hÿ- b - nse am‰-߃ _m[n-°mØ C.-kn. (Enviornment con-
trol) lukp-I-fntem Fen-th-‰Uv sjÕpIfntem tIPp-I-fn¬ hf¿Øm-
hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Hcp Iq´n¬ 25000 ˛30000 hsc tImgn-Isf hf¿Ømw. CØcw
sjÕp-I-fn¬ Hcp sXmgn-emfn aXn-bm-Ipw. Xo‰bpw shf-fhpw Hmt´m-am-
‰nIv coXn-bn-emWv \¬Ip-∂-Xv. ap´-ti-J-c-Whpw {]Xn-tcm[ IpØn-hbv]pw
hsc b{¥-h¬°-c-W-Øn-eqsS \S-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ hf-sc-b-[nIw apX¬
apS-°v Cu coXn-bnse hf¿Øen\v Bh-iy-am-Wv.

]cn-]m-e\w
ap´-t°m-gn-h-f¿Ø¬ em`-I-c-am-°m≥ imkv{Xob ]cn-N-c-W-ap-d-Iƒ
A\p-h¿Øn-°Ww. ap´-t°m-gn-I-fpsS hf¿®m-L-´sØ aq∂mbn Xncn-®n-
cn-°p-∂p.
0˛8 BgvN -˛ tImgn-°p-™p-߃ (Chicks)
9˛19 BgvN ˛ hf-cp∂ tImgn-Iƒ (Gro.........)
20 BgvN apX¬ {]mb-]q¿Øn-bm-bh (Layers)

tImgn-°p-™p-ß-fpsS ]cn-]m-e\w ({_q-Unw-Kv)

Hcp Znhkw {]mb-amb tImgn-°p-™p-ßsf Xqh¬ hf¿® FØp-
∂-Xp-hsc Ir{Xna NqSv \¬In hf¿Øp-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv {_qUnwKv F∂v
]d-bp-∂X- v. A¥-co-£Ø
- nse NqSns\ Bkv]Z- a
- m-°n-bmWv {_qUnwKv Imem-
h[n \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xv. km[m-cW 2˛3 BgvN BWv {_qUnwKv Imem-h-[n.
ag-°m-e-sa-¶n¬ 3˛4 BgvN hsc-bm-Imw. {_qUnwKv . {_qUnw-Kn-\mbn Uo∏v

6
 ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬
en‰¿ IqSp-Itfm _m‰dn {_qUnwKv tIPp-Itfm Xnc-s™-Sp-°mw. tImgn-
°p-™p-߃ FØp-∂-Xn\v c≠v BgvN ap≥]v IqsSm-cp-°¬ XpS-ß-Ww.
Hcp en‰¿ shf-f-Øn¬ 50 an√o F∂ \nc-°n¬ GsX-¶nepw AWp-
\m-in\n D]-tbm-Kn®v IqSns‚ Xd, Npa-cp-Iƒ Iºn-h-e, F∂nh IgpIn
hrØn-bm-°-Ww, Xo‰-∏m-{X-ßfpw shf-f-]m-{X-ßfpw AWp-\m-in\n D]-
tbm-Kn®v IgpIn shbn-e-Øp-h®v DW-°-Ww. tijw IqSns‚ Xd, Npa-cp-
Iƒ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ 3:1 F∂ A\p-]m-X-Øn¬ IpΩm-bhpw ªo®nwKv
]uUdpw IqSn Ie¿Øn. shf-f-b-Sn-°Ww (White washing) AXn-\p-tijw
IqSv DW-ßm-\mbn kabw A\p-h-Zn-°p-I.
IqSv \√ t]mse DW-ßn-b-tijw Xd-bn¬ hncn-∏mbn (Litter) Adp-
°-s∏m-Sn, Nnt¥cp s]mSn, sNdp-Xmbn \pdp-°nb hbvt°m¬, \ne-°-S-e-
tØmSv F∂n-h-bn-te-sX-¶n-ep-sam∂v (hn-ebpw e`-y-X-bp-a-\p-k-cn-®v) D]-tbm-
Kn-°mw. Iq´n¬ hncn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≥]mbn Ch shbn-eØv \∂mbn DW-
°-Ww. tImgn-°p-™p-ß-fpsS Imep-Iƒ°v £Xw kw`-hn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥
AXn¬ Dff apf-fm-Wn-Iƒ, Iq¿Ø XSn-®o-fp-Iƒ, a‰p I´n-bp-ff hkvXp-
°ƒ F∂nh am‰p-I.
Xd-bn¬ 5 sk‚o ao‰¿ I\-Øn¬ thWw, en‰¿ hncn°Ww. AXn-
\p-ap-I-fn¬ 250 tImgn-°p-™p-ßsf (Hcp bqWn-‰v) hf¿Øn-∂-Xn-\mbn 1
ao‰¿ (3-˛4 ASn) hym-k-ap-ff Ip´tbm XI-ctam tlmh-dmbn sI´n-Xq-°p-
Itbm CjvSnI sIm≠v s]m°n hbv°p-Itbm sNømw. AXn¬ \n∂v
Ir{Xna NqSv \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\mbn Hcp tImgn-°p-™n\v Hcp hm´v (Watt) F∂
\nc-°n¬ 40 hm´ns‚bpw 60 hm´n-s‚bpw _ƒ_p-Iƒ Xq°n-bn-Smw. 100
hm´vkns‚ _ƒ_p-Iƒ Hgn-hm-°p-I. _ƒ_p-Iƒ Xd-bn¬ \n∂v 50 sk‚o
ao‰¿ Db-c-Øn-em-bn-cn-°-Ww. tlmh¿ AXn-\-\p-kr-X-ambn {Iao-I-cn-°p-
I. tImgn-°p-™p-߃ {_qU-dn\v shfn-bn-te°v t]mIm-Xn-cn-°m≥ 1 ASn
s]m°-ap-f-fXpw tlmh-dn¬ \n∂pw 2 ASn hym-k-ap-f-f-Xp-amb NnIv Km¿Uv
D]-tbm-Kn-°Ww ssπhp-Uv, Im¿Uvt_m¿Uv, XI-cw, ]\ºv F∂n-h-bn-te-
sX-¶nepw D]-tbm-Kn®v Nn°v Km¿Uv (Chick guard) \n¿Ωn-°mw. en‰-dn\v
apI-fn¬ \yqkv t]∏¿ \nc-Ø-Ww. Ip™p-߃°p-ff Xo‰-∏m-{X-ßfpw
shff ]m{X-ßfpw XmgsØ Nn{X-Øn-te-Xp-t]m-se -{_q-U-dn¬ k÷o-I-
cn-°pI. tImgn-°p-™p-߃ FØp-∂-Xn\v 12 aWn-°q¿ ap≥]v {_qU¿
{]h¿Øn-∏n-°-Ww.
tImgn-°p-™p-ßsf \√ hmbp-k-©m-c-ap-ff Nn°v t_mIvkn-em-bn-
cn-°Ww sIm≠v htc-≠-Xv. (A-s√-¶n¬ bm{Xm-a-t[y acWw kw`-hn-°mw.)
sIm≠p-h-∂-bp-S≥ •qt°mkv/Icn-s∏´n tN¿Ø shffw IpSn-°m≥ \¬Ip-
I. AXn-\p-tijw Ãm¿´¿ Xo‰ t]∏-dn\p apI-fn¬ hnX-d-Ww. (\p-dp-°nb
tKmX-ºv, tNmfw, s]mSn Acn, dh F∂nh Xo‰-bv°p-]-Icw D]-tbm-Kn-
°mw.) F√m Znh-khpw t]∏¿ amt‰-≠-Xm-Wv. Iq´n-\p-f-fn¬ Bh-i-ym-\p-
k-cWw hmbp-k-©m-chpw Xm]-\n-ebpw {Iao-I-cn-°-Ww.

7
 ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬
{_qUnwKv Ime-L-´-Øn¬ tImgn-°p-™p-߃°v th≠p∂ NqSns‚
Afhv Xmsg-∏bpw {]Im-c-amWv
{]mbw (BgvN-bn¬) NqSv (-en-‰-¿ hncn®v Xd \nc-∏n¬ \n∂pw
5 sk‚o ao‰¿ apI-fn¬)
0˛1 35 Un{Kn sk¬j-ykv
1˛2 32 Un{Kn sk¬j-ykv
2˛3 29 Un{Kn sk¬j-ykv
3˛4 26 Un{Kn sk¬j-ykv

taev]-d™ coXn-bn¬ Ip™p-߃°v NqSv e`n-°p-∂pt≠m F∂v

IqSn\p ]pdØp \n∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.-Ip-™p-߃ {_qU-dn\v
Iogn¬ Fßs\ s]cp-am-dp∂p F∂p t\m°n Xm]-\n-e-b-n¬ am‰w hcp-
Ø-Ww.
tImgn-°p-™p-߃ F√mw IqSn _ƒ_n\p Iogn¬ Hcp-an®v IqSn
\n¬°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ NqSv IqSp-X¬ Bh-i-y-sa-∂¿Yw _ƒ_p-I-fpsS
FÆw Iq´p-Itbm Xd-\n-c-∏n¬ \n∂p≈ Dbcw Ipd-bv°p-Itbm sNøWw.
Ip™p-ß-sf√mw _ƒ_n\p Iogn¬ \n∂pw Zqsc amdn Nn°v Km¿Un-
t\mSv tN¿∂p \n¬°p- s ∂- ¶ n¬ Iq´n- \ p- f - f n¬ NqSv IqSp- X - e m- s W∂v
A¿∞w. _ƒ_p- I - f psS
FÆw Ipd- b v ° p- I . Xd
\nc-∏n¬ \n∂p≈ Dbcw
Iq´-Ww.
Im‰v IqSp- X - e mbn
Iq´n-\p-f-fn-te°v ASn-°p-
I-bm-sW-¶n¬ F√mw IqSn
Hc- ‰ Øv IqSn \n¬°pw.
icn- b mb coXn- b n¬
th≠p∂ Af- h n- e mWv
NqSv {Iao- I - c - W - s a- ¶ n¬
Ip™p- ß ƒ Du¿÷- k - z -
eX-bn¬ sImØn-s∏-dp°n
\S- ° p- ∂ Xp ImWmw.
Ip™p-߃ hf-cp-∂-X-\p-
k-cn®v {_qU-dn\p Np‰p-ap-
ff he- b - Ø ns‚
hnkvXo¿Æw hep-
Xm°ns°m≠v Bh-i-ym-\p-k-cWw ÿew \¬I-Ww. Nn°v Km¿Uv HcmgvN

8
 ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬
Ign™v FSpØp am‰m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Hcp tImgn-°p-™n\v Uo∏v en‰-dn¬ 8
BgvN hsc 72 NXp-c{i ASn ÿew A\p-h-Zn-°-Ww.

Xo‰
8 BgvN-h-sc-bp-ff Ip™p-߃°p \¬Ip∂ kao-Ir-Xm-lm-c-
amWv Ãm¿´¿ Xo‰.
Ãm¿´¿ Xo‰
Ãm¿´¿ Xo‰-bn¬ 20 iX-am\w t{]m´o≥ AYhm amwkyw D≠m-bn-cn-
°-Ww. hnhn[ Iº-\n-I-fpsS Xcn-cq-]-Ønepw KpfnI cq]-Øn-ep-ap-ff Xo‰
am¿°-‰n¬ e`-y-am-Wv. a™-t®mfw IS-e-∏n-Æm-°v, Ff-fn≥]n-Æm-°v, DW-
°-°∏, tKmX-ºv, \pdp°v
Acn, D∏n-√mØ DW-°-
ao≥, [mXp- e hW
an{inXw Ch- s bms°
th≠p∂ Af- h n¬
tN¿Øp s]mSn- ® - X mWv
kao-IrX Xo‰.
BZ- y sØ 2˛3
Znhkw Xo‰ tlmh-dn\p
Iogn¬ t]∏-dntem t{SI-
fntem \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
AXn- \ p- t ijw Ip™p-
߃°p- f f {Kn¬ h®v
\o≠ Xo‰-]m-{X-߃ D]-
tbm- K n- ° m- h p- ∂ - X mWv
({Kn√p-Iƒ Xo‰ ]mgm°n
If- b m- X n- c n- ° m- \ m- W v ) .
Nnehp Ipd-bv°m≥ apf-
sIm-≠p-ff Xo‰-∏m-{X-߃
\n¿Ωn-°mw. \of-ap-ff Xo‰ ]m{X-Øns‚ c≠p hihpw IW-°n-se-Sp-ØmWv
Hcp Ip™n\v th≠ Xo‰ ÿew IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv. 2 BgvN-hsc Hcp
Ip™n\v 2.5 sk‚o ao‰¿ ÿehpw 3 BgvN apX¬ 4.5 sk‚o ao‰¿
F∂ \nc-°nepw ÿew \¬I-Ww. Xq°n-bn-Sp∂ Xo‰-]m-{X-ß-fm-sW-¶n¬
100 Ip™p-߃°v 12 Intem{Kmw Xo‰ sIm≈p∂ 36 sk‚o ao‰¿ hym-k-
ap-ff 3 Xo‰-∏m-{X-߃ thWw. BZ-ysØ c≠p Znhkw Xo‰ ]m{X-߃
Ah-bpsS h°p-hsc \nd-bv°p-Ibpw AXn-\p-tijw Ac `mK-tam, 2/3
`mKtam am{Xta \nd-bv°m-hq. (Xo‰ ]mgm-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥)

9
 ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬

8 BgvN {]mbw hsc Hcp tImgn-°p™v Hcp Znhkw Ign-°p∂

Xo‰-bpsS icm-i-cn Afhv NphsS tN¿°p-∂p.

{]mbw Xo‰-bpsS Afhv {Kman¬

( Hcp Ip™v Hcp Znhkw Ign-°p-∂-Xv)
1 BgvN 6.5
2 13
3 17
4 24
5 32
6 37
7 40
8 49

AXm-bXv 8 BgvN-hsc Hcp tImgn-°p-™n\v GI-tZiw H∂c

In.{Kmw Xo‰ th≠n-h-cpw.
shffw
hrØn-bp-ff XWpØ shffw Ft∏mgpw Ip™p-߃°v e`-y-am-
°-Ww. shff ]m{X-߃ Nnehp Ipd-™Xpw Znh-tk\ hrØn-bm-°m≥
Ffp-∏-ap-f-fXpw Bbn-cn-°-Ww. ^u≠≥ cq]-Øn-ep-ff shf-f-]m-{X-ß-
fmWv Ip™p-߃°v DØ-aw.
shffw Xmsg- h oWv en‰¿
\\- b m≥ ]mSn- √ . 100 Ip™p-
߃°v 5 en‰¿ sImf-fp∂ c≠p
shff ]m{X- ß ƒ D]tbmKn°-
Ww. tlmh-dn\p Iogn¬ shff
]m{X-߃ hbv°p-∂Xv shffw
NqSm- I p- ∂ - X n\v CS- b m- ° p- ∂ p.
shffw NqSm-bm¬ Ip™p-߃
shffw IpSn- ° p- ∂ Xv Ipd- b p-
Ibpw ac-W-Øn\v Imc-W-am-Ip-Ibpw sNøpw. shf-f-Øn¬ hn‰m-an-\p-
Iƒ( hn‰m-an≥ _n., F,-kn) tN¿Øp \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.
hf-cp∂ tImgn-Iƒ (9-˛19 BgvN {]mbw)
Cu {]mb-Øn¬ icn-bmb hf¿®bpw Btcm-K-y-an-√m-Ø-Xp-amb
Ip™p- ß sf sXc™p amt‰- ≠ - X m- W v . Cu {]mb- Ø n¬ \¬Ip∂

10
 ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬
Xo‰bv°v t{Kmh¿ Xo‰ F∂p ]d-bp∂p. am¿°-‰n¬ e`-y-amb Cu Xo‰-
bn¬ 16 % amwkyw AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
Cu Im-e-L-´-Øn¬ Hcp tImgn Ign-°p∂ Xo‰-bpsS icm-icn
Afhv NphsS tN¿°p-∂p.

{]mbw Hcp tImgn Hcp Znhkw

(BgvNbn¬) Ign-°p∂ Xo‰ ({Kman¬)
9 50
10 53
11 58
12 60
13 60
14 60
15 62
16 62
17 65
18 70
19 75

AXm-bXv Cu hf¿®m L´-Øn¬ Hcp tImgn°v GI-tZiw 6

Intem{Kmw Xo‰ thW-sa-∂¿∞w.-Uo∏v en‰-dn¬ hf¿Øp-tºmƒ Xo‰-∏m-
{X-ß-fpsS FÆw Iq´p-I. Xq°n-bn-S-∂-h-sb-¶n¬ 50 tImgn-Iƒ°v 25
Intem{Kmw sImf-fp∂ Hcp ]m{Xw F∂ \nc-°n¬ sImSp-°-Ww. Xo‰-∏m-
{X-ß-fpsS hmbv`mKw tImgn-I-fpsS apXpIv \nc-∏n¬ Bbn-cn-°-Ww. AXn-
\m¬ hf¿®-b-\p-k-cn®v Xo‰-∏m-{X-߃ Db¿Øn sI´-Ww.
ip≤-amb XWpØ shffw e`-y-am-°p-I. shf-f-]m-{X-ß-fpsS
FÆw Iq´p-I.
ho´p- h - f - ∏ n- t e- ° mWv Cu{]m- b - Ø n- e p- f f tImgn- I sf sIm≠p
t]mIp-∂-sX-¶n¬ Ahbv°v {]mb-Øn-\-\p-kr-X-ambn 50% ssI Xo‰ \¬I-
Ww. ]m¿∏nS kap-®b -- ßfpsS {Iam-Xo-X-amb h¿≤-\-hp-aq-e-ap-≠mb ÿe-
]-cn-an-Xn-bpw, hnfm-h-in-jvS-ß-fpsS e`-y-X-°p-d-hpw, AWp IpSpw-_-ß-fnse
an®m-lm-c-Øns‚ ]cn-an-Xn-bpw, ssIh-i-`qan Npcp-ßn-bXpw tImgn-I-fpsS
]d-ºn¬ \n∂p-ff Xo‰ kw`-c-WsØ KW-y-ambn _m[n-®p. AXp-sIm≠v
ASp-°-f-bnse an® `£-W-tØm-sSm∏w ]d-ºn¬ \n∂pw Nn°n NnI™p
kz-cq-]n-°p∂ Xo‰ XnI-bmsX hcp-∂p. Xo‰-bp-sS Ipdhv DXv]m-Z-\-£-a-
Xsb KW-y-ambn _m[n-°p-∂p. CXn\v ]cn-lm-c-ambn tlm´-ense an®m-lm-
cw, ]gw, ]®-°dn IpS-I-fnse an® hkvXp-°ƒ ho´nse D]-tbm-K-iq-\-y-
amb [m\-y-߃ F∂n-hbpw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. AtXm-sSm∏w 50%

11
 ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬
ssIXo-‰bpw \¬In-bm¬ ap´-bp¬]m-Z\w KW-y-ambn h¿≤n-°pw. Uo∏v
en‰-dn¬ hf¿Ønb k¶-c-bn\w tImgn-°p-™p-ß-sf-bmWv \mw ho´p-h-f-
∏n¬ Agn-®p-hn´v hf¿Øp-∂Xv. AXn-\m¬ Ahsb ho´p-h-f-∏n¬ \n∂v
Xo‰ tiJ-cn-°m≥ ]cn-io-en-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. tImgnsb hmßn-s°m≠v h∂-
tijw BZyw Ipd®v ssI Xo‰ IqSns‚ ]cn-k-cØv hnX-dn-sIm-Sp-°p-I.
]n∂oSv Ipd®v Zqtcbv°v hnXdn sImSp-°p-I. ]n∂oSv ho´nse an® `£Ww
hnXdn sImSpØp ]d-ºn¬ \n∂v Xo‰ FSp-°m≥ ioen-∏n-°p-∂p.
{]mb-]q¿Øn-bmb tImgn-Iƒ (Layers) (20 BgvN apX¬)
hf¿® apc- S n- ® - h - t bbpw Imen\p £Xw Df- f - h - t bbpw Hs°
sXc™p am‰p-I. imkv{Xob ]cn-N-cW apd-Iƒ Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-
≠p-Xs∂ k¶-c-h¿§-t°m-gn-Iƒ A©c amkw {]mb-am-Ip-tºmƒ ap´-
bn´v XpS-ßpw. Hcp h¿jw 180¬ Ipd-bmsX ap´-Iƒ e`-y-am-Ipw. (\m-S≥
tImgn-I-fpsS hm¿jnI DXv]m-
Z\w 90-˛100 ap´-I-fm-Wv) ap´-bpsS
tXmSns‚ \ndw {_utWm
sh≈tbm F∂v AXns‚ sNhn-
°pSbpsS ( ear lobe ) \ndw
t\m°n Gsd- ° psd Adn- b m≥
Ign-bpw
ap´- b n- ´ p- X p- S - ß p- ∂ - X n\p
ap≥]p- f f tNjv S - I ƒ a\-   n-
em°n 5 tImgn°v Hcp s]´n F∂
\nc-°n¬ 30 x 30 x45 sk‚o
ao‰¿ Af-hn-ep-ff ap´-s]-´n-Iƒ
Iq´n¬ k÷o-I-cn-°-Ww. CXn-\p-f-fn¬ sshbvt°m¬, Adp-°-s∏mSn
F∂nh sIm≠v hncn-∏p-≠m-°-Ww. ap´ s]m´m-Xn-cn-°m\pw Agp-°m-Im-Xn-
cn-°m-\p-am-Wv Cßs\ hncn∏v \¬Ip-∂-Xv. ho´p-h-f-∏n¬ hf¿Øp-tºmƒ
Ccp-≠Xpw hmbp k©m-c-ap-f-f-Xp-amb ÿeØv 5 tImgn°v H∂v F∂
\nc-°n¬ hmbv hnkvXm-c-ap-ff Ie-tam, XSn-s∏-´ntbm Ip´-tbm ÿm]n-
°p-I. A√mØ ]£w ap´ \jvS-am-Im≥ km[-y-X-bp-≠v.

shfn®w
ap´-bp-ev]m-Z\w h¿≤n-∏n-°m≥ Iq´n¬ Ir{Xna shfn®w \¬I-Ww.
ap´-bp-ev]m-Z\w shfn-®h
- p-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂X
- n-\m¬ 22-˛m-asØ BgvN
apX¬ kqc-ym-kvX-a-\-tijw 15 an\n‰v hoXw Ir{Xna shfn®w \¬In XpS-
ßWw. Aßs\ 33-˛m-asØ BgvN FØp-tºmƒ ]I¬ shfn-®hpw
Ir{Xna shfn-®hpw IqSn samØw 16 aWn-°q¿ e`n-°-Ww. 6 amk-tØmfw
ap´-bp-ev]m-Z\w Bbm¬ CXv 17 aWn-°q-dmbn h¿≤n-∏n-°p-Ibpw AXv XpS-
cp-Ibpw sNø-Ww. CXn-\mbn tImgn H∂n\v Hcp hm´v F∂ tXmXn¬
_ƒ_p-Iƒ CSp-I.

12
 ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬
Xo‰
Cu {]mb-Øn¬ \¬Ip∂ Xo‰-bmWv teb¿ Xo‰. CXn¬ 10% amwkyw
AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. {]mb-]q¿Øn-bmb Hcp k¶-c-bn\w tImgn°v {]Xn-
Zn\w 110-˛120 {Kmw Xo‰ Bh-i-y-am-Wv. 20-˛25 In {Kmw sImf-fp∂ 5 Xo‰
]m{X-߃ 100 tImgn°v F∂ IW-°n¬ Iq´n¬ k÷o-I-cn-°-Ww. Xo‰-
]m-{X-ß-fpsS h°v (hm-b) tImgn-I-fpsS apXpIp \nc-∏n¬ apI-fn¬ \n¬°-
Ø-°-hÆw sI´n-Øq-°n-bn-SWw Xo‰ ]m{X-߃ 1/3 `mKw am{Xw \nd-
bv°p-I. 20 apX¬ 72 BgvN-h-sc-bp-ff Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Hcp tImgn°v 50-
˛55 Intem{Kmw Xo‰ th≠n-h-cpw. ]®-∏p√v 100 tImgn°v 1˛2 In.{Kmw F∂
IW-°n¬ Acn-™nt´m sI´n-bnt´m \¬Ip-I.
ho´p-h-f-∏n¬ hf¿Øp-tºmƒ Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ LS-I-ß-fp-]-tbm-
Kn®v Xo‰ \n¿Ωn-°mw
10 In. {Kmw Xo‰ \n¿Ωm-W-Øn\v c≠v DZm-l-c-W-߃
IS-e-∏n-Æm°v (In-tem) 5.2 6
Ff-fn≥]n-Æm°v (In-tem) 2.0 ˛
D∏n-√mØ DW-°-ao≥ (In-tem) 2.0 3.2
DW° I∏/tKmXºv/\pdp°v Acn (In-tem) 0.4 0.4
[mXp ehW an{inXw (In-tem) 0.4 0.4
BsI 10 10

ho-´p-h-f-∏n¬ hf¿Øp-tºmƒ 55-˛60 {Kmw ssIØo‰ \¬I-Ww.

AXm-bXv 10 tImgn°v 600 {Kmw \¬I-Ww. Xo‰ an{inXw \¬tI≠ Afhv
C\n ]d-bp-∂p. 1˛8 BgvN-h-sc-˛5 {Kmw Xo‰+10 {Kmw Acn XhnSv 9˛19-˛˛ 5
{Kmw Xo‰ + 20 {Kmw Acn XhnSv 20 BgvN apX¬ 10 {Kmw + 40 {Kmw Acn
XhnSv Xo‰ \\-bv°msX s]mSn cq]-Øn¬ \¬Ip-I. ]q∏¬ Ie¿∂
Xo‰ \¬I-cp-Xv. em`-I-c-amb ap´-bp¬]m-Z-\-Imew 72 BgvN AYhm H∂c
h¿j-am-Wv. AXn-\m¬ H∂c h¿jw hf¿Ønb tijw Chsb Cd-®n-
°mbn hn¬°p-Ibpw ]pXnb _m®ns\ hmßn hf¿Øm-hp-∂-Xp-am-Wv.
ap´ DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ Ime-b-f-hn¬ Im¬k-y-Øns‚ Ipdhv ]cn-l-cn-°m≥
sj¬ {Kn‰v AYhm ]® I° \¬Ip-I.
{]Xn-tcm[ IpØn-h-bv]p-Iƒ(-hm-Ivkn-t\-j≥)
\ΩpsS \m´nse tImgn-I-fn¬ km[m-c-W-bmbn I≠p-h-cp∂ tcmK-
ß-fmb amc-Ivkv, tImgn-h-k-¥, tImgn-h-kq-cn, sF.-_n.Un F∂n-h-bvs°-
Xnsc \n¿_-‘-ambpw IpØn-hbv]v FSp-°-Ww. tImgn-°p-™p-߃ hncn-
™n-d-ßp∂ Znhkw Xs∂ lm®-dn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw amcIvkv tcmK-Øn-s\-Xn-
sc-bp-ff {]Xn-tcm[ acp∂v \¬Im-dp-≠v.

13
 ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬

{]mbw tcmKw hmIvkn≥ sImSp-t°-≠h

- n[w
1. 5˛7 Znhkw tImgn-hk
- ¥ B¿ Un.7 IÆnepw aq°nepw Hmtcm-Xp-ffn
2. 10-˛14 Znhkw sF..-_n.Un sF.-_n.Un IpSn-°p∂ sh≈Øn¬ tN¿Øv
hmIvkn≥
3. 24˛28 Znhkw sF.-_n.Un sF.-_n.Un IpSn-°p∂ sh≈Øn¬ tN¿Øv
hmIvkn≥
4. 6˛-8 BgvN tImgn-hk
- qcn ^uƒt]mIvkv aq¿®-bn-√mØ kqNn-bn¬
hmIvkn≥ ap°n Nnd-Inse N¿Ω-Øn¬ IpØpI
5. 6-˛18 BgvN tImgn-hk- ¥ B¿.-Un.-hn.sI 0.5 an.en Nnd-Inse
sXmen-°S- n-bn¬

I¿j-I¿ \n¿_-‘-ambpw \¬tI≠ {]Xn-tcm[ IpØn-h-bv]p-Iƒ

C≥Ãn- ‰ - y q´v Hm^v A\n- a ¬ sl¬Øv
B‚ v sh‰- d n- \ dn _tbm- f - P n- ° ¬kv
]mtemSv F∂ arK- k w- c - £ W hIp∏v
ÿm]-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw arKm-ip-]-{Xn-Iƒ
aptJ- \ - b pw,, saUn,- ° ¬ tÃmdp- I - f n¬
\n∂pw {]Xn-tcm[ acp-∂p-Iƒ hmßm-hp-
∂-Xm-Wv. ho´p-h-f-∏n¬ hf¿Øp∂ tImgn-
Iƒ°pw {]Xn- t cm[ IpØn- h - b v ] p- I ƒ
_m[-I-am-Wv. {]Xn-tcm[ IpØn-h-bv]p-Iƒ
AXn-cm-hnse \¬Ip-∂-Xm-Wp-Ø-aw. {]Xn-tcm[ IpØn-hbv]p aqe-ap-ff
£oWw Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn hn‰m-an≥ kn t]mep-ff acp-∂p-Iƒ \¬Im-
hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
hnc-bn-f-°¬
tImgn-h-k-¥-bpsS c≠m-aØ IpØn-hbv]v (6-˛8 BgvN) FSp-
°p-∂-Xn\v HcmgvN ap≥]v hnc-bn-f-°-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw 3 BgvN CS-th-
f-I-fn¬ 3 hnc-bn-f-°¬ IqSn \¬I-Ww. ho´p-h-f-∏n¬ hf¿Øp∂ tImgn-
Isf 3 amkØnepw \n¿_-‘-ambpw hnc-bn-f-°-Ww. acp-∂p-Iƒ IpSn-
°p∂ shf-f-Øn¬ tN¿Øp \¬Ip-tºmƒ 4 aWn-°q-dn¬ IpSn®p Xocp-
∂{X shffw am{Xta hbv°m-hq. (A-Xm-bXv 6 BgvN {]mb-ap-ff 100
FÆ-Øn\v Znh-tk\ GI-tZiw 6 en‰¿ shffw thWw) AXv IpSn®v
Ign™ tijw am{Xw IqSp-X¬ shffw \¬Ip-I.
Np≠p apdn-°¬
Im\n-_m-enkw XS-bp-∂-Xn\pw Xo‰ sN°n If-bp-∂Xv Hgn-hm-°p-
∂-Xn-\p-amWv Np≠v apdn-°p-∂-Xv. tImgn-Iƒ XΩn¬ sImØn apdn-th¬]n-
°p∂ kz-`m-h-am-Wv Im\n-_m-en-kw. Iq´n¬ Bh-i-y-Øn\v ÿe-hpw, Im‰pw

14
 ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬
shfn-®hpw th≠{X Af-hn¬ Xo‰bpw e`n-
°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bpw, Xo‰-bn¬ t]mj-I-ß-fpsS
Ipdhv A-\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-tºm-gmWv
tImgn-I-fn¬ Cu Zp:kz-`mhw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv.
Im\n-_m-enkw XS-bp-∂-Xn-\mbn ta¬ Ipd-hp-
Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Np≠p apdn-
°epw {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°mw. Ip™p-߃ 2
BgvN {]mb-am-Ip-tºmƒ ta¬®p-≠ns‚ 1/3 `mK-amWv apdn-°p-I. 16-˛m-asØ
BgvN-bn¬ Bh-i-y-sa-¶n¬ H∂p IqSn apdn-°mw. Uo_o-°¿ F∂ b{¥-
ap-]-tbm-Kn-®mWv Np≠p apdn-°p-∂-Xv. ]cn-io-e\w t\Sn-b-h¿ Np≠p apdn-
®n- s √- ¶ n¬ \m°v apdn- ™ p- t ]m- I m≥ km[- y - X - b p- ≠ v . ho´p- h - f - ∏ n¬
hf¿Øp∂ tImgn-Isf Np≠p apdn-°m≥ ]mSn√ (Xo‰ ]d-ºn¬ \n∂v tiJ-
cn-°m≥ km[n-°msX hcpw.)
tcmK-ßfpw \nhm-c-W-am¿§-ßfpw
{]Ir-Xn-bnepw Imem-h-ÿ-bnepw D≠m-Ip-∂ hyXn-bm-\w, t]mj-Im-
lm-c-°p-d-hv, shf-f-Øns‚ Zu¿e-`-yw, aen-\o-I-c-Ww, Cu¿∏w, ]cn-]m-e-\-
Ønse t]mcm-bva-Iƒ, Ch-sb√mw tcmK-߃°v Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p. tcmKw
aqew D¬]m-Z\w Ipd-bp-∂p, acWw kw`-hn-°p-∂p. tcmK-hn-ap-‡-cmb
tImgn-Iƒ, tcmK-hm-l-I-cmbn XpS-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ tcmK e£-W-߃
I≠p XpS-ßp-tºmƒ Xs∂ ASp-Øp-ff arKm-ip-]-{Xn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v
X° ka-bØp Xs∂ NnIn¬k tXtS-≠-Xm-Wv. sshd-kv, _mIvSo-cn-b,
t{]mt´m-tkm-h, hnc-Iƒ, _ml-y- ]-cm-Z-߃ F∂n-h-bmWv km[m-c-W-
bmbn ap´-t°m-gn-I-fn¬ tcmK-߃ D≠m-°p-∂-Xv.

sshd¬ tcmK-߃
tImgn-h-k¥tcmKw (Ranikhet disease)
tImgn-Isf _m[n-°p∂ G‰hpw amc-
I-amb tcmKamWnXv. izm-kX- S-  
- w, ap´-bp-ev]m-
Z\w Ipd-bp-I, ]®-\n-d-Øn-ep-ff hb-dn-f-°w,
Nnd-Ip-Iƒ°pw Imen\pw Xf¿®, Ipg™p
hogpI XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv tcmK-e-£-W-߃.
tcmK-e-£-W-߃ I≠p-I-gn-™m¬ 2˛10 Znh-
k-Øn-\Iw acWw kw`-hn-°mw. Cu amc-I-
amb tcmKsØ {]Xn-tcm-[n-°m-\mWv BZ-
ysØ Bgv N - b n¬ B¿.Un.F- ^ v . IpØn-
hbv]pw 6˛8 BgvN {]mb-Øn¬ B¿.-Un.-sI.bpw XpS¿∂v 16˛-m-asØ BgvN-
bn¬ B¿.-Un.-sI. H∂p-IqSnbpw \¬Ip-∂-Xv. AXn-\p-tijw h¿jw tXmdpw
IpØn-hbv]v \S-Ømw.

15
 ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬
tImg-nh-kqcn/tImgn-°p-cp∏v (Fowl Pox)
tcmKw c≠p-hn[w
sXmensb _m[n- ° p- ∂ Xv : ]qhv ,
sNhn, I¨t]m-f, Np≠ns‚ NphSv F∂n-hn-
S-ß-fn¬ {hW-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂p. ]e {hW-
߃ tN¿∂v Acn- º m- d - t ]mse BIp- ∂ p.
s]mcn° Bbn sImgn-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
* i- z m- k - \ m- f sØ _m[n- ° p- ∂ Xv : ˛
hmbv \m°v , AÆm°v F∂o `mK- ß - f n¬
shfpØ ]mS-bp-≠m-Ip-∂p. Xo‰ FSp-°mt\m
izkn-°mt\m BImsX acWw kw`-hn-°p∂p amc-I-a-√mØ Cu tcmKsØ
{]Xn-tcm-[n-°m-\mWv 6˛8 BgvN {]mb-Øn¬ tImgn-h-kq-cn-s°-Xn-sc-bp-ff
^uƒ t]mIvkv hmIvkn-t\-j≥ sNøp-∂-Xv. tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm[ tijn Pohn-
X-Imew apgp-h≥ \ne-\n¬°pw.
amcIvkv tcmKw (Mareks disease)
6˛24 BgvN {]mb-Øn-ep-ff tImgn-°p-
™p-ß-fn¬ Cu tcmKw hcmw. \mUnsb
_m[n-°p-∂X - n-\m¬ Imen\pw Nnd-Ip-Iƒ°pw
Xf¿® D≠m-Ip-Ibpw Xo‰ FSp-°m≥ km[n-
°msX ac-Whpw kw`-hn-°p-∂p. Nne-t∏mƒ
e£-W-߃ H∂pw ImWn-°msX Ip™p-
߃ s]s´∂v NØp-t]m-Ip-Ibpw sNøpw.
hncn-™n-d-ßp∂ Ip™p-߃°v lm®-dn-I-fn¬ Xs∂ Cu tcmK-Øn-s\-
Xn-cmb IpØn-hbv]v \¬In-b-ti-j-amWv I¿j-I¿°v hnX-cWw sNøp-∂-
Xv. tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm-[-tijn Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h≥ \ne-\n¬°pw
I B D (Infectious Bursal Disease)
3˛6 BgvN-hsc {]mb-amb tImgn-°p-
™p-ßsf _m[n-°p-∂p. aμ-X, Xqh-ep-Iƒ
Fgp∂p \n¬°p-I, hf¿®-°p-d-hv, hnd-b¬,
shff \nd-Øn-ep-ff hb-‰n-f°w F∂n-h-
bmWv tcmK-e-£-Wƒ. ico-c-Øns‚ tcmK-{]-
Xn-tcm-[-ti-jnsb _m[n-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ a‰v
tcmK-ßfpw ]nSn-s]-Sm≥ km[-y-X-bp-≠v. Cu tcmK-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bmWv 10-˛14
Znhkw {]mb-Ønepw XpS¿∂v 24-˛28 Znhkw {]mb-Øn-ep-ap-ff c≠p {]Xn-
tcm[ IpØn-h-bv]p-Iƒ IpSn-sh-f-f-Øn¬ Ie°n sImSp-°p-∂-Xv.
sImssdkm tcmKw (Infectious Coryza)
lotam-ss^-ekv F∂ _mIvSo-cn-b-bmWv Cu tcmK-ap-≠m-°p-∂-Xv.-
ap-JØv \o¿ho-gvN, ap°n¬ \n∂v {kmhw, IÆn¬ ]of, izm-k-X-S w

16
 ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬
F∂nh {][m-\-tcm-K-e-£-W-߃. tcmKw hcm-
Xn-cn-°m≥ IqSp-Iƒ AWp-\m-in-\n-Iƒ D]-tbm-
Kn®v hrØn-bm-°p-Ibpw ipNn-Xzw ]men-°p-
Ibpw sNø-Ww. AkpJw h∂m¬ arKm-ip-]-
{Xn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v NnIn¬k tXSpI.
c‡m-Xn-kmcw (Coccidiasis)
* sFao- d nb F∂ t{]mt´m- t kmhm
hn`mKw AWp-°-fmWv tcmK-tlXp. Cu AWp-
°ƒ Xo‰bpw shf- f hpw aen- \ - a m- ° p- I bpw
AXp-hgn tcmKw hym-]n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
c‡w Ie¿∂ hb-dn-f-°-amWv tcmK-e-£-Ww.
NnIn¬k tXtS-≠Xv AX-ym-h-i-y-amWv ImcWw
ac-W-\n-c°v hfsc A[n-I-amWv. ipNn-Xzw ]men-
°p-Ibpw tImIvko-Un-tbm-Ãm‰v tN¿∂ Xo‰
\¬Ip-I-bp-amWv \nhm-cW am¿§w.
hnc-_m[
* AkvI-cn-Unb hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏´ Dcp≠ hnc-Iƒ tImgn-bpsS sNdp-
Ip-S-en¬ ImWp-∂p. Xf¿®, `mc-°p-d-hv, hb-‰n-f-°w, ap´ Dev]m-Z\w Ipd-
bpI XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv tcmK-e-£-W߃. hnc-I-fpsS ap´-I-fm¬ aen-\-
amb Xo‰-bn-eq-sSbpw shf-f-Øn-eq-sSbpw hnc-_m[ D≠m-Ip-∂p. hnc-bn-
f-°-emWv \nhm-cW am¿§w.
* izm-k-\m-f-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ Nph∂ \nd-Øn-ep-ff hnc-bmWv
knwKm-akv {S°nb AYhm tK]v thw. B¨ s]¨ hnc-Iƒ CW-tN¿∂v
sshbpsS BIr-Xn-bn¬ izm-k-\m-f-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. ho´p-h-f-∏n¬
hf¿Øp∂ tImgn-I-fn-emWv CXv km[m-cWbmbn ImWp-∂-Xv. H®p-I-fn¬
IqSn-bmWv Cu hnc-bpsS em¿h-Iƒ tImgn-I-fn¬ FØp-∂-Xv. Npa, Xf¿®
apI-fn-te°v IgpØp \o´n hmb Xpd∂v sNdnb i_vZw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-
I, Xe-Ip-S-bpI XpS--ßn-b-h-bmWv knwKm-akv hnc-_m-[-bpsS e£-W-
߃. hnc-bn-f°- emWv \nhm-cW am¿§w (Xm-ev°m-enI ia-\Ø - n-\mbn shfp-
Øp-ffn hm´n ]ngn™v \ocv \¬Imw.)
_ml-y-]-cm-Z-߃ (Ectoparasites)
sNf-fv, t]≥ XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv _ml-y-]-cm-Z-߃.-t]-\p-Iƒ Xqh-en-
\-Sn-bn-emWv ImWp-I. ]qhnepw BS-bnepw IÆn\v Np‰pw sNffv ]‰n-∏n-Sn-
®n-cn-°p∂p Ch c≠pw c‡w IpSn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ tImgn-Iƒ°v thZ-\bpw
Ak-z-ÿ-Xbpw D≠m-Ip-∂p. hnf¿® _m[n-°p-Ibpw ap´-bp-ev]m-Z\w Ipd-
bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. tcmK \nb-{¥-W-Øn-\mbn tImgn-bpsS Xe Hgn-sI-
bp-ff `mKw t\¿∏n® IoS-\m-in\n emb-\n-bn¬ ap°n-hn-S-Ww. Iq´nepw
]cn-k-cØpw IoS--\m-in-\n-Iƒ Xfn-°-Ww. AanX hnjmw-i-ap-f-f-Xn-\m¬
IoS-\m-in-\n-Iƒ{i-≤-tbmsS tUmIvS-dpsS \n¿t±-i-{]-Im-c-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-
t°-≠-Xv.

17
 ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬
en‰¿ ]cn-]m-e\w
10 ¬ IqSp-X¬ tImgn-Isf tIm¨{Io‰v Xd-I-fn¬ Adp-°-s∏mSn
hncn®v hf¿Øp∂p. tImgn-°m-jvT-Ønse shffw hen-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\m-
bmWv en‰¿ D]-tbmKn-°p-∂Xv. BZyw Xd-bn¬ 5 sk‚o ao‰¿ I\-Øn¬
en‰¿ CSp-∂p. tijw Hmtcm BgvN-bnepw 2 sk‚o-ao-‰¿ I\-Øn¬ en‰¿
CS-Ww. Aßs\ 15 sk‚o ao‰¿ I\w FØp-∂-hsc en‰¿ CSm-hp-∂-Xm-
Wv. Hcp NXp-c{i ao‰-dn\v 10 Intem en‰¿ Bh-i-y-am-Wv. en‰¿ c≠v BgvN
CS-th-f-I-fn¬ Cf-°n-s°m-Sp-°-Ww. ag ka-b-am-sW-¶n¬ BgvN-bn¬ Hcn-
°¬ Cf-°-Ww. hnc-bn-f-°p-∂-Xns‚ ]nt‰Znhkw \n¿_-‘-ambpw en‰¿
Cf-°-Ww. en‰¿ Ft∏mgpw DW-°p-f-f-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww. shffw hoWv en‰¿
\\-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \\™ `mKsØ en‰¿ am‰n ]pXnb en‰¿ C´psIm-
Sp-°-Ww. en‰-dn-ep-ff AWp-°sf \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Cu¿∏w t]mIm\pw
10 NXp-c{i ao‰-dn\v 10 Intem F∂ \nc-°n¬ IpΩm-b-an´v Cf-°-Ww. tImgn-
h-fw(-tIm-gn-°m-jvT-hp-ambn tN¿∂p-h-cp∂ en‰¿) Aaq-ey ssPh-h-f-am-
Wv. kk-y-߃°m-h-i-y-amb ss\{S-P≥ t^mkv^-dkv, s]m´mjv F∂nh
sIm≠v kºp-jvS-am-Wv.
tImgn-°p-™p-߃ FhnsS \n∂v e`n°pw
Hcp Znhkw {]mb-ap≈ ap´-t°m-gn-°p-™p-ßs - f-bmWv F§¿ \gvkd- n-°mbn
hmtß-≠-Xv. {Kma-{io, {Kma-{]n-b, {Kma-e-£van XpS-ßnb ASp-°f ap‰Øv
hf¿Øm≥ A\p-tbm-Py-amb C\-ß-fmWv D-Ø-aw. Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ k¿°m¿
^map-I-fn¬ \n∂v tImgn-°p-™p-ßsf e`n-°pw.

^mw Pn√ t^m¨ \º¿

B¿.-]n.-F^
- v. IpS-∏\ - °
- p∂v Xncp-h\
- ¥
- ]
- pcw 0471 2730804
_^tem {_oUnwKv ^mw,
Iptcym´pae sIm√w 0475 2227485
sk≥{S¬ lm®-dn, sNß-∂q¿ Be-∏pg 0479 2452277
B¿.-]n.-F^- v., aW¿°mSv tIm´bw
B¿.-]n.-F^ - v., Ipdp∏pw]Sn Fd-Wm-Ipfw 0484 2523559
bqWn-th-gvkn‰n ]uƒ{Sn ^mw, aÆpØn Xriq¿ 0487 2370337
B¿.-]n.-F^ - v., ae-ºpg ]me-°mSv 0492 4224162
B¿.-]n.-F^ - v., ap≠-bmSv IÆq¿ 0497 2721168

tImgn-hf¿Ø-en¬ ]cn-io-e\w \¬Ip∂ arK-kw-c£

- W ]cn-io-e\ tI{μ-߃
]cn-io-e\ tI{μ-w Pn√ t^m¨ \º¿
F¬.-Fw.‰n.-kn., IpS-∏-\-°p∂v Xncp-h\
- ¥
- ]
- pcw 0471 2732918
sk≥{S¬ lm®-dn, sNß-∂q¿ Be-∏pg 0479 2452277
F¬.-Fw.-‰n.-kn., Beph Fd-Wm-Ipfw 0484 2624441
F¬.-Fw.-‰n.-kn., ap≠-bmSv IÆq¿ 0497 2721168

18
 ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬

I¿j-I¿ Adn-bm≥.
1 arK-kw-c-£-W-h-Ip∏v ]cn-io-e-\-tI-{μ-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw \n¿_-‘-ambpw
ap´-t°m-gn -h-f¿Ø¬ ]cn-io-e\w t\SpI
2 hni-zm-k-tbm-K-y-amb k¿°m¿/A¿≤-k¿°m¿ AwKo-IrX ss{]h‰v
lm®-dn-Iƒ/ \gvk-dn-I-fn¬ \n∂p am{Xw tImgn-°p-™p-ßsf hmßpI
3 P\n-X-I-Kp-W-ap-ff k¶-c-h¿§ tImgn-°p-™p-ßsf hmßpI
4 imkv{Xob ]cn-]m-e-\-ap-d-Iƒ \n¿_-‘-ambpw ]men-°pI
5 {]Xn-tcm[ IpØn-h-bv]p-Iƒ th≠ ka-bØv \¬IpI
6 tImgn-h-f¿Ø-en¬ 60-˛70 % Xo‰-bv°p-th-≠n-bmWv Nne-hm-Ip-∂Xv
7 KpW-\n-e-hm-c-ap-ff kao-IrX Xo‰ Dd-∏m-°pI
8 {]mb-Øn-\\ - p-kr-Xa
- mbn Ãm´¿/t{Kmh¿/teb¿ Xo‰-Iƒ th≠p∂ Af-
hn¬ \¬IpI
9 Xo‰ ]mgmbn t]mIm-Xn-cn-°m≥ {i≤n-°pI
10 ]q∏¬ hnj-_m[ Hgn-hm-°m≥ Xo‰ \\-bmsX kq£n-°pI
11 en‰¿ ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn¬ {i≤n-°pI
12 ^map-ambn _‘-s∏´ hc-hp-sN-ehp IW-°p-Iƒ FgpXn kq£n-°pI
13 tcmK-_m[ {i≤-bn¬s∏-´m¬ DS≥ NnIn¬k tXSpI
14 ac-W-\n-c°v IqSn-bm¬ ^mw \jvS-Øn-te°v t]mIpw
0˛8 BgvN ˛ 5 %Øn¬ ac-W-\n-c°v
Xmsg Bbn-cn-°Ww
9˛19 BgvN ˛ 4% Xmsg
20 BgvN ˛ Hcp amkw 1 % hsc BImw

15 NØ tImgn-Isf A{i-≤-ambn hen-s®-dn-b-cpXv

16 IqSns‚ ]cn-k-cØp \n∂pw hfsc AI-e-Øn¬ Bg-Øn¬ Ipgn
FSpØp adhp sNøpI
17 tImgn-°mjvTw Aaq-ey ssPh-hfw
18 Ign-bp-∂Xpw ^map-I-fn¬ kμ¿i-Isc Hgn-hm-°pI
19 \_m¿Uns‚ k_vkn-Un-tbm-Sp-IqSn CS-Øc/h≥InS tImgn-^m-ap-
Iƒ°v _m¶v hmbv] e`n-°pw.
20 tImgn-I-sfbpw IqSpw C≥j-z¿ sNøpI
21 aen-\o-I-cW \nb-{¥-W-t_m¿Uns‚ k¿´n-^n-°‰v ^map-Iƒ°v \n¿_-
‘-am-Wv.
22 ]©m-b-Øns‚ ssek≥kv th≠ ÿeØv FSp-°pI
23 kwcw` hnPbw ssIh-cn-°m≥ hn]-W\ km[-yX Dd-∏m-°pI

19
ap´t°mgn hf¿Ø¬

20