Law of segregation
Due to the presence of
recessive alleles on the X
chromosomes
Recessive disorders:
Colour blindness
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
progressive: weakening of
muscles
Haemophilia: absence of blood-
clotting proteins
½ X chromosomes in each cell is
randomly inactivated during
embryonic dev.
The inactivated X chromosome:
inactive X → Barr body
Allele for orange & black fur
in cats: If the female cat is
heterozygous : the cat will be
mosaic for that character
A gene is located on
either sex chromosome
(usually X chromosomes)
Sex-Linked Genes
X Inactivation in
female mammals
Wild type (gray body, normal
wings)
X chromosome, UNLINKED
Double Mutant (Black body,
vestigial wings)
F1 dihybrid: All wild type
F1 dihybrid x Double mutant
Chromosomes undergo segregation
& independent assortment
Law of Independent
Assortment
Eg: In fruitflies, gene for eye
Mendelian genes have specific
colour located on the X
loci (positions) on chromosomes
chromosome
1
Wild type female (Red eyes)
Chromosome Theory of
Inheritance x
2
Mutant Male (White eyes)
F2 gen:
Chromosomal Basis of
3 Inheritance (Part I) 3 red:1 white (Only male has
white eyes)
4 Linked Genes 5 Unlinked Genes
Genes located on the same
If genes located on different
chromosome that tend to be
inherited together
1 : 1 : 1 : 1
Eg: In fruitflies, flies with
Incomplete linkage as evident
differed body colour & wing
from recombinant phenotypes:
size were crossed
crossing-over between
homologous chromosomes
If genes located on the same
chromosome + parental alleles Recombinant Frequency:
inherited together, LINKED
Total recombinants x
1 : 1 : 0 : 0 100
*Recombinants produced (non- Total of all phenotypes
parental phenotypes)