Biology of Disease

Biology of Disease
Subject : Biology of Disease

The Nature and Investigation of Diseases
1. Nature and Investigation of Diseases - Answer (click here)
2. Characteristic Features of Diseases - Answer (click here)
3. Classification of Diseases - Answer (click here)
4. Epidemiology of Disease - Answer (click here)
5. Investigating Diseases - Answer (click here)
6. Types of Pathology Laboratories - Answer (click here)
7. Role of Hospital Laboratory Tests - Answer (click here)
8. Hospital Laboratory Tests - Answer (click here)
9. Evaluation of Laboratory Tests - Answer (click here)
10. Reference Ranges of Diseases - Answer (click here)
11. Quality of Test Results and Clinical Auditing - Answer (click here)
Pathogens and Virulence

12. Pathogens and Virulence: Introduction - Answer (click here)
13. Types of Pathogens - Answer (click here)
14. Virulence Factors: Defensive, Offensive - Answer (click here)
15. Course of Infection - Answer (click here)
Infectious Diseases and Treatments

16. Infectious Diseases and Treatments: Introduction - Answer (click here)
17. Infections of the Skin - Answer (click here)
18. Infections of the Eyes, Ears and Central Nervous System - Answer (click
here)
19. Infections of the Respiratory System - Answer (click here)
20. Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract - Answer (click here)
21. Infections of the Urogenital System - Answer (click here)
22. Sepsis and Systemic Infections - Answer (click here)
23. Investigating Infectious Diseases - Answer (click here)
24. Preventing Infectious Diseases - Answer (click here)
25. Controlling the Spread of Pathogens - Answer (click here)
26. Treatment of Infectious Diseases - Answer (click here)
27. Antiviral Drugs - Treatment of Infectious Diseases - Answer (click here)
28. Antibacterial Drugs - Treatment of Infectious Diseases - Answer (click here)
29. Antifungal, Antiprotozoal and Antihelminthic Drugs - Treatment of
Infectious Diseases - Answer (click here)
30. Combination Therapy - Treatment of Infectious Diseases - Answer (click
here)
31. Surgery - Treatment of Infectious Diseases - Answer (click here)
The Immune System

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32. Types of Immune Defense - Answer (click here)
33. Nonspecific Defenses - Answer (click here)
34. Specific Immune Responses - Answer (click here)
35. Small Lymphocytes - Answer (click here)
36. Production of a Specific Immune Response - Answer (click here)
Disorders of the Immune System

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37. Disorders of the Immune System: Introduction - Answer (click here)
38. Immunodeficiency Diseases - Answer (click here)
39. Primary Immunodeficiency Disease - Answer (click here)
40. Combined T and B deficiencies - Primary Immunodeficiency Disease -
Answer (click here)
41. Antibody deficiencies - Primary Immunodeficiency Disease - Answer
(click here)
42. The DiGeorge anomaly and the Wiskott Aldridge syndrome - Primary
Immunodeficiency Disease - Answer (click here)
43. The Chediak Higashi syndrome - Primary Immunodeficiency Disease -
Answer (click here)
44. Phagocytic defects - Primary Immunodeficiency Disease - Answer (click
here)
45. Complement deficiencies - Primary Immunodeficiency Disease - Answer
(click here)
46. Autoimmune Disorders - Answer (click here)
47. Classification of Autoimmune Disorders - Answer (click here)
48. Autoimmune Disorders Affecting Endocrine Glands - Answer (click here)
49. Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Disease - Answer (click here)
50. Myasthenia Gravis - Autoimmune Disorders - Answer (click here)
51. Rheumatoid Arthritis - Autoimmune Disorders - Answer (click here)
52. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Autoimmune Disorders - Answer (click
here)
53. Immunological Hypersensitivity - Answer (click here)
54. Type I Immunological Hypersensitivity - Answer (click here)
55. Type II Immunological Hypersensitivity - Answer (click here)
56. Type III Immunological Hypersensitivity - Answer (click here)
57. Type IV Delayed Type Immunological Hypersensitivity - Answer (click
here)
Transfusion and Transplantation

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58. Transfusion and Transplantation: Introduction - Answer (click here)
59. Blood and Blood Products for Transfusion - Answer (click here)
60. The Discovery of the Blood Group Systems - Answer (click here)
61. The ABO Blood Group System (ISBT 001) - Answer (click here)
62. The Rh Blood Group System (ISBT 004) - Answer (click here)
63. Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn - Answer (click here)
64. Other Blood Group Systems - Answer (click here)
65. Laboratory Determination of Blood Groups - Answer (click here)
66. Role of Complement in Transfusion Reactions - Answer (click here)
67. Hazards of Transfusion - Answer (click here)
68. Screening of Blood Donors - Answer (click here)
69. Transplantation of Solid Tissues and Organs - Answer (click here)
70. HLA System and Typing - Answer (click here)
71. Immunosuppression - Answer (click here)
72. Hemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - Answer (click here)
Disorders of the Endocrine System

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73. Disorders of the Endocrine System - Answer (click here)
74. Hormone Production - Answer (click here)
75. Mechanisms of Hormonal Action - Answer (click here)
76. Causes of Endocrine Disorders - Answer (click here)
77. Pituitary Gland - Answer (click here)
78. Disorders of Pituitary Function - Answer (click here)
79. Growth Hormone Disorders - Answer (click here)
80. Diagnosis and Treatment of Growth Hormone Disorders - Answer (click
here)
81. Thyroid Hormone Disorders - Answer (click here)
82. Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disorders - Answer (click here)
83. Regulation of Blood Glucose - Answer (click here)
84. Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
85. Diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus - Answer (click here)
86. Hypoglycemia - Regulation of Blood Glucose - Answer (click here)
87. Diagnosis and treatment of hypoglycemia - Answer (click here)
88. Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex - Answer (click here)
89. Addison’s Disease - Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex - Answer (click here)
90. Diagnosis and treatment of Addison’s disease - Answer (click here)
91. Cushing’s Syndrome - Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex - Answer (click
here)
92. Diagnosis and treatment of Cushing’s syndrome - Answer (click here)
93. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Diagnosis and treatment - Disorders of
the Adrenal Cortex - Answer (click here)
94. Conn’s Syndrome: Diagnosis and treatment - Answer (click here)
95. Reproductive Hormones - Answer (click here)
96. Disorders of Sex Hormones - Answer (click here)
Disorders of Water Electrolytes and Urate Balances

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97. Disorders of Water, Electrolytes and Urate Balances - Answer (click here)
98. Kidneys - Answer (click here)
99. Renal Function Tests - Answer (click here)
100. Renal Failure: Acute and Chronic renal failure - Answer (click here)
101. Disorders of Water Homeostasis - Answer (click here)
102. Disorders of Na+ Homeostasis - Answer (click here)
103. Disorders of K+ Homeostasis - Answer (click here)
104. Disorders of Ca2+ Homeostasis - Answer (click here)
105. Disorders of Phosphate Homeostasis - Answer (click here)
106. Disorders of Mg2+ Homeostasis - Answer (click here)
107. Disorders of Urate Metabolism - Answer (click here)
Disorders of Acid Base Balance

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108. Disorders of Acid Base Balance - Answer (click here)
109. The Production and Transport of Carbon Dioxide - Answer (click here)
110. Buffering and the Excretion of H+ - Answer (click here)
111. Types of Acid–Base Disorders - Answer (click here)
112. Metabolic Acid Base Disorders - Answer (click here)
113. Respiratory Acid Base Disorders - Answer (click here)
114. Mixed Acid Base Disorders - Answer (click here)
115. Investigating Acid Base Disorders - Answer (click here)
Diet and Disease

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116. Diet and Disease: Introduction - Answer (click here)
117. Diet and Nutrition - Answer (click here)
118. Nutrients and Energy - Diet and Nutrition - Answer (click here)
119. Carbohydrates - Diet and Nutrition - Answer (click here)
120. Lipids and fatty acids - Diet and Nutrition - Answer (click here)
121. Proteins - Diet and Nutrition - Answer (click here)
122. Water - Diet and Nutrition - Answer (click here)
123. Vitamins - Diet and Nutrition - Answer (click here)
124. Minerals and Trace Elements - Diet and Nutrition - Answer (click here)
125. Protein Energy Malnutrition - Nutritional Disorders - Answer (click here)
126. Obesity - Nutritional Disorders - Answer (click here)
127. Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa - Nutritional Disorders - Answer
(click here)
128. Hypovitaminoses and Hypervitaminoses - Disorders of Vitamin
Nutrition - Answer (click here)
129. Nutritional Disorders of Minerals and Trace Elements - Answer (click here)
130. Investigating Nutritional Disorders - Answer (click here)
131. Protein-Energy Malnutrition - Investigating Nutritional Disorders -
Answer (click here)
132. Obesity, Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa - Investigating
Nutritional Disorders - Answer (click here)
133. Vitamins - Investigating Nutritional Disorders - Answer (click here)
134. Minerals and Trace Elements - Investigating Nutritional Disorders -
Answer (click here)
135. General Management of Nutritional Disorders - Answer (click here)
Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract Pancreas Liver and Gall

Bladder
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136. Gastrointestinal Tract and its Accessory Organs - Answer (click here)
137. Digestion: Mouth, Stomach, Small Intestine - Answer (click here)
138. Absorption of the Products of Digestion - Answer (click here)
139. Activities of the Large Intestine - Answer (click here)
140. Small Intestine and Homeostasis - Answer (click here)
141. Hormonal Control of GIT Secretions - Answer (click here)
142. Disorders of the Exocrine Pancreas - Answer (click here)
143. Disorders of the Liver, Gall Bladder and Bile Duct - Answer (click here)
144. Disorders of the Stomach - Answer (click here)
145. Disorders of the Small Intestine - Answer (click here)
146. Disorders of the Large Intestine - Answer (click here)
Toxicology
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147. Toxicology - Answer (click here)
148. Drug Action, Metabolism, Distribution and Excretion - Answer (click here)
149. Physiological Detoxification Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
150. Symptomatic Poisoning - Answer (click here)
151. Paracetamol - Toxicology Poisons - Answer (click here)
152. Aspirin - Toxicology Poisons - Answer (click here)
153. Ethanol - Toxicology Poisons - Answer (click here)
154. Methanol - Toxicology Poisons - Answer (click here)
155. Ethylene Glycol - Toxicology Poisons - Answer (click here)
156. Barbiturates - Toxicology Poisons - Answer (click here)
157. Carbon Monoxide - Toxicology Poisons - Answer (click here)
158. Paraquat - Toxicology Poisons - Answer (click here)
159. Metals - Toxicology Poisons - Answer (click here)
Disorders of the Blood

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160. Disorders of the Blood - Answer (click here)
161. Blood Cells and Platelets - Answer (click here)
162. Hemoglobins - Answer (click here)
163. Hemostasis and Blood Clotting - Answer (click here)
164. Anemias: Microcytic and Macrocytic Anemia - Answer (click here)
165. Microcytic Anemias - Answer (click here)
166. Macrocytic Anemia - Answer (click here)
167. Hemoglobinopathies - Answer (click here)
168. Sickle Cell Anemia - Hemoglobinopathies - Answer (click here)
169. Thalassemias - Hemoglobinopathies - Answer (click here)
170. Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (G6PD) Favism -
Answer (click here)
171. Clinical Aspects of Clotting - Answer (click here)
172. Thrombocytopenia and Thrombocytosis - Answer (click here)
Disorders of the Cardiovascular System

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173. Disorders of the Cardiovascular System: Introduction - Answer (click here)
174. Heart and Circulatory Systems - Answer (click here)
175. Blood Vessels - Answer (click here)
176. Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
177. Investigating Cardiac Function in Health and Disease - Answer (click here)
178. Electrocardiogram (ECG) - Investigating Cardiac Function in Health and
Disease - Answer (click here)
179. Endocarditis - Answer (click here)
180. Abnormal Heart Rhythms - Answer (click here)
181. Cardic Failure: Investigation, Treatment, Chronic and Acute Heart
Failure - Answer (click here)
182. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
183. Cardiomyopathies - Answer (click here)
184. Heart Valve Disorders - Answer (click here)
185. Heart Tumors - Answer (click here)
186. Atherosclerosis or Arteriosclerosis - Answer (click here)
187. Angina - Atherosclerosis or Arteriosclerosis - Answer (click here)
188. Cholesterol and Lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
189. Myocardial Infarction - Answer (click here)
190. Pericardial Diseases - Answer (click here)
191. Disorders of Arteries and Veins - Answer (click here)
192. Clinical Problems Associated with Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
Genetic Diseases
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193. Genetic Diseases - Answer (click here)
194. Genetics and DNA - Answer (click here)
195. DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle - Answer (click here)
196. Genotype and Phenotype - Answer (click here)
197. Inheritance and Mutations - Answer (click here)
198. Sex linked Genetic Diseases - Answer (click here)
199. Inherited Gene Disorders - Answer (click here)
200. Consequences of an Enzyme Deficiency - Answer (click here)
201. National Screening Programs for Inherited Diseases - Answer (click here)
202. Chromosomes and the Human Karyotype - Answer (click here)
203. Fragile Sites - Chromosomes and the Human Karyotype - Answer (click
here)
204. Chromosomal Mutations or Aberrations - Answer (click here)
205. Aneuploidy - Variations in Chromosome Numbers - Answer (click here)
206. Euploidy - Variations in Chromosome Numbers - Answer (click here)
207. Detecting, Diagnosing and Screening Human Genetics Diseases - Answer
(click here)
Membrane Organelle and Cytoskeletal Disorders

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208. Nucleus and Nucleocytoplasmic Transport - Answer (click here)
209. Plasma Membrane Disorders - Answer (click here)
210. Cystic Fibrosis: Diagnosis and treatment - Plasma Membrane Disorders -
Answer (click here)
211. Mitochondrial Disorders: Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment - Answer (click
here)
212. Causes of Mitochondrial Disorders - Answer (click here)
213. Diagnosis and Treatment of Mitochondrial Disorders - Answer (click here)
214. Peroxisomal Disorders - Answer (click here)
215. Diagnosis and Treatment of Peroxisomal Disorders - Answer (click here)
216. Lysosomal Disorders - Answer (click here)
217. Diagnosis and Treatment of Lysosomal Storage Disorders - Answer (click
here)
218. Cytoskeletal Disorders - Answer (click here)
219. Muscular Dystrophies: Diagnosis and treatment - Answer (click here)
220. Hereditary Elliptocytosis and Spherocytosis: Diagnosis and treatment -
Answer (click here)
Cancer
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221. Cancer - Answer (click here)
222. Classification of Cancer Types - Answer (click here)
223. Epidemiology of Cancer - Answer (click here)
224. Molecular Biology of Cancer - Answer (click here)
225. Causes of Cancer - Answer (click here)
226. Clinical Tests for Cancer - General Diagnosis of Cancer - Answer (click
here)
227. General Treatment of Cancer - Answer (click here)
228. Chemotherapy - General Treatment of Cancer - Answer (click here)
229. Radiation Therapy - General Treatment of Cancer - Answer (click here)
230. Immunotherapy - General Treatment of Cancer - Answer (click here)
231. Lung Cancer: Classification, Treatment, Signs, symptoms, diagnosis and
staging - Answer (click here)
232. Breast Cancer: Treatment, Signs, symptoms, diagnosis and staging -
Answer (click here)
233. Prostate Cancer: Treatment, Signs, symptoms and staging - Answer (click
here)
234. Colorectal Cancer: Treatment, Signs, symptoms, diagnosis and staging -
Answer (click here)
235. Leukemias: Chronic myelogenous, Acute myeloid, Acute lymphoblastic
leukemia - Answer (click here)
Aging and Disease

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221. Cancer - Answer (click here)
222. Classification of Cancer Types - Answer (click here)
223. Epidemiology of Cancer - Answer (click here)
224. Molecular Biology of Cancer - Answer (click here)
225. Causes of Cancer - Answer (click here)
226. Clinical Tests for Cancer - General Diagnosis of Cancer - Answer (click
here)
227. General Treatment of Cancer - Answer (click here)
228. Chemotherapy - General Treatment of Cancer - Answer (click here)
229. Radiation Therapy - General Treatment of Cancer - Answer (click here)
230. Immunotherapy - General Treatment of Cancer - Answer (click here)
231. Lung Cancer: Classification, Treatment, Signs, symptoms, diagnosis and
staging - Answer (click here)
232. Breast Cancer: Treatment, Signs, symptoms, diagnosis and staging -
Answer (click here)
233. Prostate Cancer: Treatment, Signs, symptoms and staging - Answer (click
here)
234. Colorectal Cancer: Treatment, Signs, symptoms, diagnosis and staging -
Answer (click here)
235. Leukemias: Chronic myelogenous, Acute myeloid, Acute lymphoblastic
leukemia - Answer (click here)
236. Aging and Disease - Answer (click here)
237. Aging of Cells, Tissues, Organs and Systems - Answer (click here)
238. Causes of Aging: Wear and Tear, Genome Based Theories - Answer (click
here)
239. Age Related Diseases - Answer (click here)
240. Calorie Restriction and Aging - Answer (click here)
241. Investigations and Management of the Elderly - Answer (click here)

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Subject : Biology of Disease

Pathogens and Virulence

Infectious Diseases and Treatments

The Immune System

Disorders of the Immune System

Transfusion and Transplantation

Disorders of the Endocrine System

Disorders of Water Electrolytes and Urate Balances

Disorders of Acid Base Balance

Diet and Disease

Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract Pancreas Liver and Gall

Disorders of the Blood

Disorders of the Cardiovascular System

Membrane Organelle and Cytoskeletal Disorders

Aging and Disease

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