1.

What should be the value of earthing resistance

for minor substations?

o 1 ohm
o 2 ohms
o 0.5 ohms
o 4 ohms
2.————————- is the output of the sun’s energy.

o 386 million megawatts per second

o 386 billion megawatts per second
o 386 million million megawatts per second
o 386 billion billion megawatts per second
3.In a series connection:

o The positive terminal is connected to the positive terminal

o The negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal
o The positive terminal is connected to the negative terminal
o All the above
4.It takes seven minutes for sunlight to reach the
earth. True or False?

o True
o False
5.In grid tied PV systems, which of the following
criteria should be taken in to account while sizing
the inverter?

o Maximum DC input power

o Maximum DC input current
o Maximum specified output power
o All the above
6.A thin film module is generally smaller than a
crystalline silicon module. True or False?

o True
o False
7.Which type of charge controller is the most
appropriate for a PV system with 30 modules and
a total power of 47Wp connected to a 24V
battery? The modules are connected via 15
branches of 2 panels per series and the maximum
voltage of each module is 17V. Take in to account
that 6 lamps each of 60W and a CD player of
160W will be in operation at the same time.

o 24V-65A Charge controller

o 12V-65A charge controller
o 24V-45A Charge controller
o 1V-45A charge controller
8.Open circuit voltage of the solar cell occurs when
the current through the cell is ———

o Minimum
o Zero
o Maximum
o Negative
9.The earth rotates on its axis from ———– to ———
–

o East to West
o North to South
o West to East
o South to North
10. The size of the earth or ground wire is based
on the…

o Maximum fault current carrying through the ground wire

o Rated current carrying capacity of the service line
o Depends on the soil resistance
o Both a & c
11. ——————— is used for measuring amount of
rainfall.

o Barometer
o Wind Vane
o Rain Gauge
o Anemometer
12. It is not really important that all modules
possess the same voltage/current characteristics
in case of series connection. True or False?

o True
o False

13.

Determine the value of unknown resistance in the

given circuit :

o 20 ohms
o 14 ohms
o 5 ohms
o 11 ohms
14. The voltage output of the solar cell will
collapse during ————–

o Hard shading
o Soft shading
o All of the above
o None of the above
15. Electricity is measured in kilowatt-hour. True
or False?

o True
o False
16. If half of a cell is shaded, the reduction in
output is the same as when even half a row is
shaded. True or False?

o True
o False
17. A PV module is ….

o Dozens of photovoltaic cells connected together

o Wired in series
o Wired in parallel
o All the above
18. The installer should avoid stepping on the
module. True or False?

o True
o False
19. A hole in the semiconductor is defined as ——
———-
o A free electron
o The incomplete part of an electron pair bond
o A free proton
o A free neutron
20. Select three of the most common failures
where a PV system may lose energy.

o Shading
o Temperature decrease
o Temperature increase
o Fault orientation
o Short wiring
21. The safety plan will be carried out by:

o The user of the installation

o The designer of the project
o The installer
22. Anti islanding protection in grid tied inverter
is a way for the inverter to sense…

o Shut itself off and stop feeding power back to the grid
o Fault in grid
o Power outage
o Both a & C
23. Solar PV systems can be …

o Connected to the power grid

o Used to sell power to the grid
o A stand alone source of electricity
o All the above
24. Transmission lines are the ———– voltage
lines.
o Low
o High
o Moderate
o None
25. A photovoltaic array has a short circuit array
of 30 amps. Determine the gauge of wire.

o #8 AWG
o #6 AWG
o #10 AWG
o #4 AWG
26. The solar elevation angle has a fixed value all
over the year. True or False?

o True
o False
27. How does an inverter work?

o It converts AC voltage of the modules to a higher value of AC voltage

o It converts DC voltage of the modules to AC voltage of the grid
o It converts DC voltage of the modules to a higher value of DC voltage
o It converts AC voltage of the modules to DC voltage of the grid
28. An inverter is required on a PV system if:

o Batteries are used

o DC power is needed
o AC power is needed
o If the load is very large.
29. A grid connected installation consists of three
components:

o Generator, storage battery and power supply

o Generator, converter and power supply
o Generator, converter and storage battery
o Both a & c
30. If a PV cell delivers a current of 0.6A and
there are three PV cells in parallel then the
current flowing through the load is:

o 2.0A
o 0.6A
o 1.8A
o 1.0A

31.

Determine the value of unknown resistance in the

given circuit :

o 4 ohms
o 18 ohms
o 33 ohms
o 23 ohms
32. The planets are orbiting the sun in a path
described as an ellipse. Identify the law stated
here.

o Kelpler’s first law of planetary motion

o Kelpler’s second law of planetary motion
o Kelpler’s third law of planetary motion
o Copernican Heliocentrism
33. The ratio of the maximum power from the
solar cell to the product of short-circuit current
Isc and the open-circuit voltage Voc is …
o Module Efficiency
o Cell efficiency
o Fill factor
o None of the above
34. Which inverter has panel level MPPT?

o String inverter
o Central inverter
o Hybrid inverter
o Micro inverter
35. In “P” type material, majority carriers would
be

o Dopants
o Electrons
o Holes
o Insulators
36. Name 3 parameters which should be taken in
to account during the planning stage:

o The load bearing capacity of the building

o The accessibility of the roof
o The traffic
o The number of open spaces of the building.
o The load from snow, wind, ice and hail.
37. “Increase in temperature leads to an increase
of Voc resulting to increased cell output”.
o The statement is right
o The statement is wrong
o Voc does not depend on temperature
38. What is meant by Standard Test Condition
(STC)?

o Radiation: 1000W/m2, temperature: 25 deg Celsius, and air mass: 1.5

o Radiation: 1000W/m2, temperature: 20 deg Celsius, and air mass: 1.5
o Radiation: 1024W/m2, temperature: 25 deg Celsius, and air mass: 1.5
o Radiation: 1000W/m2, temperature: 18 deg Celsius, and air mass: 1.0
39. Offgrid PV systems are always small home
systems. True or False?

o True
o False
40. In a multimeter, black lead should be
connected to ———– port.

o V
o Vdc
o mA
o COM
41. A gold band in the resistor indicates a
tolerance of —–%.

o 10
o 15
o 5
o 2
42. Solar Power covers more than ——–
percentage of global electricity demand.
o 2%
o 4%
o 1%
o 10%
43. If a PV system is tied into the electric utility
grid:

o It does not have to use the batteries

o It needs batteries
o No inverter is required
o It cannot provide AC
44. There are three key components of a grid
connected system. Choose the right ones.

o The façade of the building

o The PV modules
o The inverter
o The roof
o The current meter
o The public grid
o The windows
45. A trivalent impurity has ——- valence
electrons.

o 4
o 3
o 5
o 6
46. Electricity is the movement of molecules. True
or False?

o True
o False
47. The installation of a PV installation cabling
should be water proof. True or False?

o True
o False
48. A tracking system which follows the sun’s
daily migration can boost production by up to 8%.
True or False?

o True
o False
49. Personal protective equipment include:
(Choose 3 answers)

o Eye and face protection

o Risk assessment plan
o Protection of extremities
o Elevating work platforms
o Hearing protection
o Mobile towers
50. What should be checked, according to the
building regulations, when PV modules are
installed on existing buildings?

o The covering material of the roof

o The load bearing capacity of the roof
o The insulation materials
51. Which of these is not a renewable source of
energy?

o The sun
o Natural gas
o Wind
o Ocean tidal energy
52. The cost of the PV panels is about 70-80% of
the cost of the total system. True or False?

o True
o False
53. The hour angle is at ——– degrees at solar
noon.

o 90
o 15
o 0
o -15
54. To maintain electrolyte level, the batteries
should be topped off with ———–

o Lead acid
o Distilled water
o Regular water
o Both b & c
55. When hard shading is created, the ————–
output of the solar cell will collapse.

o Current
o Voltage
o Both
o None
56. The ratio of energy output from the solar cell
to input energy from the sun is called
o Performance ratio
o Capacity utilization factor
o Efficiency
o Both a & c
57. The distance between the PV modules and the
inverter is 20m. 4 no’s of 150Wp modules are
connected in parallel. Each module has a Vmp of
30.5V. Calculate the voltage drop and cable size.

o 4.1472% and 4 sqmm

o 4.1472% and 6 sqmm
o 4. 1742% and 4 sqmm
o 4.1742% and 6 sqmm
58. The maximum voltage occurs when there is a
break in the circuit. True or False?

o True
o False
59. The installer must provide the user with an
operational manual for the installation. True or
False?

o True
o False
60. The formula for calculating minimum inter
row spacing is ——————

o d = h ÷ tan α
o d = h * tan α
o d = h + tan α
o d = h – tan α
61. The movement of the earth around the sun in
its orbit is called revolution. True or False?

o True
o False
62. If there isn’t any current coming from the PV
array, a possible reason is broken or corroded
wiring. True or false?

o True
o False
63. —————— is responsible for the Red sun at
sunset.

o Dispersion
o Scattering
o Reflection
o Absorption
64. Wiring faults can be detected by checking the
inverter. True or false?

o True
o False
65. Red light in the charge controller shows which
state of the batteries?

o Electricity is flowing from the solar panel to batteries

o Fault condition
o The batteries are full and there is enough electricity in the batteries to be used
o There is no enough electricity in the batteries to be used without damaging them
66. d = h ÷ tan α. Here α refers to

o Solar azimuth angle

o Solar Zenith angle
o Solar altitude angle
o Solar hour angle
67. A stand alone PV system can provide
electricity when no sunlight is present with:

o Batteries
o Inverter
o A battery charge controller
o Both a & c
68. If a PV cell produces 0.5V, then four PV cells
connected in series will produce:

o 0.5V
o 2.5V
o 2.0V
o 1.0V
69. We should take in to account future erection
of new buildings around a building where PV
system is to be installed. True or False?

o True
o False
70. Polycrystalline modules typically have a
temperature co-efficient of ——– per 0C.
o 0.5%
o -0.5%
o 0.45%
o 0.25%
71. If the building perimeter is 250 feet or less,
then ——— groundings are required.
o Three
o One
o Two
o Four
72. The fill factor is a measure of the ——————–
of the solar cell.

o Squareness
o Area of the largest rectangle
o Both
o None
73. A feasibility study has to: (choose 3 answers)

o Evaluate the energy needs and interests of the user

o Determine the potential level of solar power generation of the region
o Include a careful examination of what could cause harm to people, during the
installation process
o Formalize and make solar installation proposals according to the energy needs of
the customer
o Evaluate the extent of potential risks involved during maintenance, taking into
account existing precautions
74. The batteries should always be located:

o In open spaces where there is adequate ventilation

o In an open location avoiding shade
o In an enclosed ventilated area
75. If the height of an obstacle is 3m, the
minimum distance so the PV panel will not be
shaded is:

o 4.0m
o 6.0m
o 3.0m
o 1.0m
76. The Kepler’s third law of motion is called ——
——

o Law of equal areas

o Law of eclipses
o Law of ellipses
o Law of Harmonics
77. If the solar energy generation is more than
the load requirement,

o The excess energy is fed back to the main grid and the meter runs forward.
o The excess energy is feedback to the main grid and the meter runs backward.
o The system owner is charged the units consumed.
o None of the above.
78. The difference between mean solar time and
true solar time is called ————-

o Albedo
o Local solar time
o Time correction factor
o Equation of time
79. Out of the following which one is not a
unconventional source of energy?

o Tidal power
o Geothermal Energy
o Nuclear Energy
o Wind power
80. Which types of foundations are usually at
depths deeper than 3m?
o Shallow foundation
o Deep foundation
o Both a & b
o None of the above
81. The total power across four PV cells of 0.5V
connected in series when current through each
cell is 1A:

o 2.0W
o 0.5W
o 2.5W
o 1.0W
82. Which of the following is not an occupational
health and safety management system?

o HSG65
o ISO 14001
o ILO-OSH 2001
o OHSAS 18001: 2007
83. Name three factors which may affect the
efficiency of a PV system?

o The amount of solar radiance on the site

o The type of building
o The orientation and tilt of the modules
o The grid connection
o The behavior of the occupants of the building
o The quality of the modules and inverter
84. In “n” type material, minority carriers would
be

o Dopants
o Electrons
o Holes
o Insulators
85. Which type of mounting system is preferred
where roof space is not suitable?

o Ballast mounting
o Tracking system
o Ground Mounting
o Pole Mounting
86. Autonomous systems can only be sized
effectively:

o For predictable loads

o For random load estimations
o Either a or b
o None of the above
87. One megawatt-hour is equivalent to 1000
units of electricity. True or False?

o True
o False
88. The efficiency of string inverters ranges from
50-60%. True or False?

o True
o False
89. It is necessary to run periodic checks on the
operational parameters of the PV installation.
True or false?

o True
o False
90. The structures used in a photovoltaic
installation must be:

o Customized for each individual installation

o There are no regulations regarding structures
o Made of rustproof material and should be maintenance free
91. We should take weather in to account such as
wind and hailstorms when fixing the modules on
the roof. True or False?

o True
o False
92. Length of the earth rod is 4 meter long and
having 12.2mm diameter and soil resistivity as
500 ohm – meter. Calculate the earth resistance
as per BS 7430.

o 160 ohms
o 156.19 ohms
o 157 ohms
o 161 ohms
93. A battery is an example of an energy storage
device. True or False?

o True
o False
94. Which is the part of the PV system that
ensures max output power from the PV module?

o MPP tracker
o Blocking diode
o Bypass diode
o Fuse
95. At sunrise, the azimuth angle is at ——–
degrees.

o 270 deg
o 180 deg
o 90 deg
o 0 deg
96. Which parameters should be taken in to
account when installing PV modules on flat roofs?
Choose the three correct aspects from the list
below.

o The structure of the roof

o The thickness of the thermal insulation
o The orientation of the building
o The type of modules
o Roof elements such as chimneys, skylights, etc.
97. If 24 PV cells (0.5V) are connected in series
and parallel (6 cells and 4 rows), the total voltage
across the load is:

o 2.0V
o 2.4V
o 12.0V
o 3.0V
98. Which of the following is a disadvantage for
most of the renewable energy sources?

o Highly polluting
o High waste disposal cost
o Unreliable supply
o High running cost
99. When a pentavalent impurity is added to a
pure semiconductor, it becomes ————–

o An insulator
o An intrinsic semiconductor
o P-type semiconductor
o N-type semiconductor
100. A photovoltaic array has a short circuit
current of 50amps. Calculate the ampacity of the
wire.

o 78amps
o 78.125amps
o 62.5amps
o Both a & b