I.
Electrical and electronic principles
The type of charge possessed by an
electron is:
molecular
The base–emitter voltage of an NPN
transistor when fully switched on is:
0.6V
Inductive sensors usually produce a:
square wave
The SI unit for power is the:
watt
An electrical device, which restricts the
flow of electrical current, is called:
an electrode
The SI unit of electrical resistance is the:
ohm
Ohm’s law states: ‘The current passing
through a wire at constant temperature is
proportional to the …’:
length of the circuit
When comparing the current passed
through a high resistance and the current
passed through a low resistance, the
current through a high resistance will be:
lower
A component, which makes use of the
magnetic effect of an electric current in a
vehicle electrical system is:
an alternator rotor
A Darlington pair of transistors is used to
switch higher:
current
II. Tools and test equipment
An ohmmeter can be used to measure:
plug lead resistance
Technician A says to check a switch
measure the voltage at the input supply
and the output. Technician B says to
check a twin filament bulb use an
ohmmeterto measure the resistance of the
filaments. Who is right?
Both A and B
When looking at a waveform on an
oscilloscope screen, the vertical scale
represents:
voltage
When measuring voltage, the term mV
means:
millivolts
A good multimeter, when set to read
voltage, will have an internal resistance
that is:
high
A four-gas analyser will measure:
carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide,
hydrocarbons, oxygen.
Diagnostic procedures should always be:
logical
The output of most lambda sensors is a
voltage that varies between:
0.2 and 0.8V
III. Electrical systems and circuits
The output of a closed loop system has:
no effect on the input
A cable described as 14/0.3 will carry up
to:
5.75 A
A typical colour of a wire that is a main
supply, according to the European code
is:
red
When discussing the amount of resistance
offered by a conductor, Technician A says
the greater the length of the conductor
the smaller the resistance. Technician B
says the greater the cross-sectional area of
the conductor the greater the resistance.
Who is right?
A only
A relay can be thought of as a:
4. heating device
A latching device may be used on an
electrical connector in order to:
reduce resistance
IV. Batteries
A 12 volt lead-acid battery has:
cells connected in series, plates connected
in parallel
The gases given off by a lead-acid battery
nearing the end of its charge are:
2. oxygen and hydrogen
A lead-acid battery should be topped up
with:
distilled water
The electrolyte for a fully charged lead-
acid battery has a relative density of
approximately:
1.280
The duration of a high rate discharge test
should not exceed about:
30 seconds
When a battery is disconnected, the earth
lead should always be disconnected first
because:
it reduces the chance of a short circuit
Connecting and disconnecting the battery
leads with electrical systems switched on
may cause:
damage to electronic components
When using a high rate discharge test on
a 40 amp/hour capacity battery the
current should be set to about:
120 amps
An ideal charge rate for a battery is:
2. 1/10th of the amp/hour capacity
When discussing the reasons why a
change from 12V to 42V batteries is likely
in the future, Technician A says this will
produce an increase in power for an
increased range of accessories. Technician
B says this will provide an increase in
power but also an increase in
maintenance. Who is right?
3. Both A and B
V. Charging systems
The purpose of a rectifier in an alternator
is to:
change AC to DC voltage
‘Star’ and ‘Delta’ are types of:
regulator winding
Technician A says an alternator rotor
uses semi conductor components to
rectify the direct current to alternating
current. Technician B says a stator
winding for a light vehicle alternator will
usually be connected in a ‘star’
formation. Who is right?
A only
The three auxiliary diodes in a nine-diode
alternator provide direct current for the:
vehicle auxiliary circuits
The purpose of the regulator in the
charging system of a vehicle is to control:
generator output
The function of the zener diode in the
electronic control unit of an alternator is
to act as a:
voltage amplifier
The charging voltage of an engine
running at approximately 3000 rev/min
should be:
14.2 volts
Rotor windings are connected and
supplied by:
brushes and slip rings
An alternator has been dismantled and
the rotor slip rings are blackened with
carbon deposits. Technician A says clean
them with a soft cloth and alcohol.
Technician B says the rotor must be
replaced. Who is right?
B only
When fitting a new rectifier pack it is
usual to:
unsolder the connections
VI. Starting systems
The purpose of the pull-in winding in the
operating solenoid of a pre-engaged
starter motor is to:
hold the pinion in mesh
Technician A says a spring is used to hold
a pre-engaged starter pinion in mesh
when cranking the engine. Technician B
says a holding coil holds the pinion in the
engaged position during starting. Who is
right?
A only
A one-way clutch in a pre-engaged starter
motor:
starts the motor to turn the engine
Technician A says permanent magnet a voltmeter connected across the solenoid
starter motors are suitable for large diesel contacts
engines because of their low speed and
high torque. Technician B says Solenoid windings may be checked for
permanent magnet starter motors are resistance with a:
suitable for small petrol engines because resistance tester
of their high speed and low torque. Who
is right? VII. Ignition systems

1. A only The ignition component that steps up

voltage is the:
2. B only
coil
3. Both A and B
Setting spark plug gaps too wide will
4. Neither A nor B cause running problems because the
The effect of a planetary gear set fitted firing voltage will:
between the motor and drive pinion increase and the spark duration will
modifies the speed and torque characteristics decrease

A voltmeter is connected between the A spark is created as the coil primary

main starter terminal and earth. On winding is:
cranking the engine the reading should 1. switched on
be:
2. switched off
no more than 0.5V below battery voltage
3. charged
A voltmeter connected between the
starter motor body and the battery earth 4. stabilized
terminal should have a reading during
Cruising conditions require the ignition
engine cranking of:
timing to be:
not more than 12.6 volts
advanced
When fitting a phosphor bronze bush to a
An inductive pulse generator in an
starter motor it is necessary to:
ignition distributor will NOT produce an
lubricate the bearing with grease before output voltage when the engine is:
fitting
1. running
The condition of starter solenoid contacts
2. cranking
can be determined by operating the
starter switch with: 3. stopped
4. over revving
With the ignition switched on, a Hall
effect pulse generator in an ignition
distributor will produce an output voltage
when the:
1. engine is running
2. engine is cranking
3. Hall chip is shielded
4. Hall chip is not shielded
Technician A says a pulse shaper is used
to shape the AC output from a pulse
generator to a square wave pattern.
Technician B says a Schmitt trigger is
used to shape the AC output from a pulse
generator to a square wave pattern. Who
is right?
1. A only
2. B only
3. Both A and B
4. Neither A nor B
A vehicle fitted with a system known as
‘Limp Home’means that if a fault
develops:
1. and you are in an ambulance, it is what
you have to do if it breaks down …
2. the engine management system switches
to just enough engine cylinders to keep you
going
3. the driver will not even notice and the
vehicle will keep going as normal
4. the engine management system
switches in pre-set values to keep the
vehicle driveable A ‘hot running’ engine
must be fitted with a:
1. hot spark plug
2. cold spark plug
3. taper seat spark plug
4. washer seat spark plug
Changes in pressure to a MAP sensor are
converted in many cases to a:
1. variable voltage output
2. variable current output
3. steady state reading
4. steady waveform reading
VIII. Electronic fuel control
The ratio, by mass, of air to fuel that
ensures complete and clean combustion
is:
14.7 : 1
Exhaust gas products that are NOT
harmful to the environment are:
1. carbon dioxide and water
On an engine fitted with Electronic Fuel
Injection, engine load may be determined
by a:
throttle position sensor
The type of petrol injection system which
makes use of a single injector that sprays
fuel towards a throttle is termed a:
multi-point system
An injector pulse width, in milliseconds,
is commonly:
1.5–10
Technician A says the speed of flame
spread in a diesel engine is affected by the
air charge temperature. Technician B
says the speed of flame spread in a diesel
engine is affected by atomization of the
fuel. Who is right?
A only
A valve fitted to the fuel rail in a
petrol/gasoline injection system is used to:
replace fuel after changing the filter
Increased nitrogen oxides are formed
when combustion:
temperatures are low
The function of a lambda sensor fitted in
an exhaust system is to monitor:
oxygen
Technician A says reduction in CO, NOx
and HC has been achieved by reducing
lead in fuel. Technician B says reduction
in CO, NOx and HC has been achieved by
using engine management systems.Who is
right?
Neither A nor B
IX. Engine management
Gasoline direct injection systems allow
mixture in the cylinder to be:
stratified
The main ECU ‘input’ parameters for
calculating ignition timing and injector
duration are:
speed and temperature
A throttle potentiometer provides
information relating to:
throttle position and driver intention
One design feature of an inlet manifold
that ensures all cylinders are supplied
with the same volume and air flow
characteristics is the:
length and diameter
Atomization and distribution of fuel is
generally improved if the air:
pressure is reduced
A catalytic converter is fitted close to the
exhaust manifold because:
exhaust heat aids chemical reactions
Measurement of exhaust emissions, just
after starting the engine from cold, gives a
higher than specification reading. The
reason for this is:
combustion temperature is always higher
after start-up
A function that switches off the injectors
during certain conditions is known as:
over-run fuel cut-off
An EGR system usually operates during:
high vacuum conditions
A correctly functioning lambda sensor
will give readings between:
0.2–0.8 volts
X. Lighting fundamentals
In a conventional incandescent bulb the
filament is made from:
tungsten
In a headlamp the bulb’s filament
position relative to the reflector ensures:
the correct beam direction
An asymmetric headlight gives a:
diverging beam pattern
Technician A says dim-dip lighting is
achieved with a simple series resistor.
Technician B says dim-dip Lighting is
achieved by switching on and off
fast.Who is right?
Neither A nor B
The main advantage of using light
emitting diodes (LEDs) in vehicle lighting
is:
1. the variety of colours available
2. that they produce whiter light
3. their long life
4. all of the above
The wattage of a stoplight bulb is
normally:
6W
One safety hazard associated with gas
discharge lamps is related to the:
use of high voltages
The headlights of a vehicle fail to
illuminate when switched on. An initial
visual check shows the wiring to be OK
and the relay ‘clicks’. Technician A says
the fault is poor relay earth connection.
Technician B says check the relay output.
Who is right?
B only
Correct headlamp beam alignment is
necessary because:
1. it is a legal requirement
2. it ensures efficient operation
3. road safety is improved
4. all of the above
Checking the stoplight switch can be done
by removing the wires and:
bridging them with a jumper wire
XI. Auxiliaries
When checking the operation of a relay,
an audible click is heard when the switch
is operated. If there is no supply out from
the relay this indicates:
1. that the relay is faulty
2. an open circuit supply
3. a faulty switch
4. all of these
The operating frequency of an electronic 4. none of the above
flasher unit is:
Off-screen parking of wiper blades
1. 0.5Hz reduces:

2. 1.5Hz 1. current draw

3. 2.5Hz 2. voltage drop

4. 3.5Hz 3. aerodynamic drag

The wattage of an indicator bulb is 4. aerodynamic drop

normally:
The delay time in a wiper control unit is
2. 6W set by a resistor and:

A wiper motor may use three brushes in 1. an inductor

order to:
2. a transistor
1. increase torque
3. a diode
2. allow two speed operation
4. a capacitor
3. allow three speed operation
A front screen wiper system can have:
4. provide intermittent operation
1. only one motor
A thermal trip may be incorporated in a
2. two motors
wiper motor in order to:

1. park the blades 3. no motors

2. protect the motor 4. all of the above

3. provide intermittent operation A vehicle horn produces sound because a

tone disc is made to vibrate by:
4. slow the blades in heavy rain
1. electrostatics
When the two main brushes of a wiper
2. electroplating
motor are connected together via the limit
switch, delay unit contacts and the wiper 3. electrocuting
switch, this causes:
4. electromagnetism
1. fast speed operation
XII. Instrumentation
2. slow speed operation
When checking an NTC type temperature
3. regenerative braking sensor, Technician A says remember
resistance increases as temperature 2. door position by signals from switches
increases. Technician B says remember
3. brake pad wear by contact wires in the
resistance decreases as temperature
friction material
increases. Who is right?

1. A only 4. all of the above

2. B only One reason for using a dual resistance

system is:
3. Both A and B
1. if one resistor breaks down the other will
4. Neither A nor B still operate

One characteristic of a thermal type fuel 2. so that the circuit itself is checked
gauge is its:
3. it reduces the operating temperature of the
slow moving needle resistors

The component which prevents changes
in the system voltage affecting a gauge
reading is called a:
voltage stabilizer
4. so the current flow in the circuit is
increased
The basic functions available on a trip
computer include:

An air-cored gauge uses the same 1. average fuel consumption, trip distance,
principle as: elapsed time

1. a compass needle lining up with a 2. trip distance, elapsed time, fuel remaining
magnetic field
3. elapsed time, fuel remaining, estimated
2. wind pushing a windmill blade time of arrival

3. a bi-metal strip moving the needle when 4. fuel remaining, estimated time of arrival,
heated date and time

4. none of these Technician A says advantages of LEDs

The instrument which uses pulses from
the ignition primary circuit is a:
tachometer
A vehicle condition monitoring system
can monitor:
are that they last a very long time and
only draw a small current. Technician B
says a disadvantage of LEDs is that they
only produce red, yellow or green light.
Who is right?
1. A only

1. bulb operation by monitoring current 2. B only

drawn by the lights
3. Both A and B

4. Neither A nor B

Backlighting of a liquid crystal display

(LCD) is used in order to:

be able to read the display