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Aunum Iqbal
COMPONENTS OF THORACIC CAGE:
Sternum
Manubrium, Body (Gladiolus), Xiphoid process
Ribs
7 True Ribs
5 False Ribs (including 2 floating ribs)
Clavicle Pectoral
Scapula girdle
1. Manubrium sterni
2. Body/Gladiolus
3. Xiphoid process
PARTS OF STERNUM:
1. Manubrium sterni
Jugular/suprasternal notch
Articulates with Clavicles
and Ribs 1 and 2
Lies opposite to T3 and T4
vertebrae
Manubriosternal joint
inferiorly – called Sternal
Angle/Angle of Louis –
opposite articulation with
2nd rib – at the level of
intervertbral disc between
T4 and T5 vertebrae
(imp. for counting the ribs)
PARTS OF STERNUM:
2. Body/Gladiolus
Articulates with Ribs 2-7
Xiphisternal joint inferiorly-
opposite to T9 vertebra
3. Xiphoid process
Cartilaginous - calcifies
through time
Allows attachment of
muscles
Tip of xiphoid – at level of
T10
Clinical Anatomy
1. Bone marrow biopsy (to take sample of bone
marrow)
2. XIPHISTERNAL JOINT
cartilaginous joint
between Xiphoid process and body of Sternum
The Xiphoid process usually fuses with the body of the
Sternum during middle age
JOINTS OF RIBS
1. COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINTS:
2 joints between heads of the Ribs and bodies of
Vertebrae (corresponding and upper)- Synovial joints
1st, 10th, 11th and 12th rib has 1 synovial joint with the
corresponding vertebra, the rest have 2 each; one for the
corresponding vertebra and the other for the vertebra
above it
1 joint between tubercle of Ribs and transverse
process of Vertebra (corresponding) - Synovial joint (1st-
10th Rib)
Intra articular ligament connects head of Rib to the
intervertebral disc
JOINTS OF RIBS
2. COSTOCHONDRAL JOINTS:
Joints of the Ribs with costal cartilages
Cartilaginous joints
3. STERNOCOSTAL JOINTS:
Joints between Sternum and costal cartilages
1st : Cartilaginous joint
2nd – 10th : Synovial joints=
2nd-7th costal cartilages with Sternum
8th-10th costal cartilages with each other
(11th and 12th costal cartilages are embedded in muscles)
MOVEMENTS
Cartilaginous joints are immobile (thus 1st rib and
all costochondral joints do not move during
respiration)