Review Articles: Hepatoprotector Compound Activity of Plant Extracts

Dichy Nuryadin Zain*, Jutti Levita, Riezky Amalia

Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung, Sumedang Km 21 Jatinangor 45363

ABSTRACT

Keywords: Liver, hepatoprotector, plant, extracts

PENDAHULUAN
The liver is the vital organ in the body responsible for the metabolism of endogenous and
exogenous agents. In this case the liver plays an important role in elimination and detoxification.
Liver damage may be caused by xenobiotics, alcohol consumption, malnutrition, infections, anemia
and drugs (Mroueh et al., 2004).
Liver damage can result from direct toxicity by the drug or its metabolites, or it may be an
idiosyncratic response in people with special genes that affect it. The latent period between starting
therapy and the onset of liver disease helps to find its etiology (Vincent et al., 2008)
In Indonesia in 1980- 2010, cirrhosis patients grew and caused mortality, 19.8% (1980),
22.4% (1990), 24.3% (year 2000), 24.8% (year 2010) per 100,000 deaths (Mokdad et al., 2014).
From the data obtained by WHO, in 2012 Indonesia was ranked sixth in the world with a
percentage of 3.2% as a cirrhosis of the liver causing death. In addition, deaths caused by the
disease from 2000 to 2012 continue to increase (WHO, 2015).
The use of medicinal plants for health benefits is increasing worldwide. Medicinal plants
have a significant contribution to human health that is promotive, curative and rehabilitative, as well
as in the prevention of disease (WHO, 2010).
In Indonesia there are many kinds of plants that are believed to have the property as a hebal
crop. Therefore, Indonesia has a great opportunity in processing herbs into products that have
activity as a hepatoprotektor. Therefore, the expected review of this article can provide scientific
information about herbal plants that have activity as a hepatoprotector.

METHODE
The review process of this article is done by searching data obtained from various research
journals both national and international. The journal is then screened for data related to the
hepatoprotector. Inclusion criteria are journals published during the last 5 years. The other sources
are used aside from journals data coming from the WHO website.

RESULT
The results obtained from screening the journal include effective doses of various plants that
give effect as a hepatoprotector. Hepatoprotector activity testing was performed by dividing the test
animals into several groups, among which the positive control group, negative control and treatment
group (test group) gave effective dose results as a hepatoprotector agent.
Tabel 1 Dosis dan Kandungan Senyawa Tanaman Herbal yang Memiliki Aktivitas Hepatoprotektor

No. Nama Tumbuhan Dosis Efektif Kandungan Senyawa

1. Daun pecut kuda (Stachytarpheta 200 mg/Kg BB Flavonoid, karbohidrat,
indica L.) (Joshi, et al., 2010). glikosida
2. Daun putri malu (Mimosa pudica) 200 mg/Kg BB Flavonoid, alkaloid, dan
(Sohil & Sundaram, 2009). Glikosida
3. Jarak merah (Jatropha gossypifolia) 200 mg/Kg BB Lignan, gossipilin
(Panda, et al.,2009).
4. Bawang merah (Allium cepa) 600 mg/Kg BB Flavonoid
(Kumar, et al., 2013).
5. Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) 1125 mg/Kg BB Flavonoid quersetin
(Novianto, 2016).
6. Oldenlandia herbacea (Pandian, et 200 mg/Kg BB Flavonoid, glikosida, fenol,
al., 2013). saponin, tanin, dan glikosida
iridoid
7. Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) 30 mg/Kg BB Katekin
(Hasti, et al., 2013).
8. Daun benalu langsat (Dendrophthoe 70 mg/Kg BB Flavonoid
petandra L.) (Tristanti, et al., 2013).
9. Daun Srigading (Nyctanthes arbor- 500 mg/Kg BB Flavonoid, sterol, tannin,
tristis L.) (Hukkeri, et al., 2006). karbohidrat and glikosida
10. Daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava 500 mg/Kg BB Karbohidrat, tanin, flavonoid,
L.) (Roy, et al., 2006). saponin, steroid, protein, dan
asam amino
11. Buah merah (Pandanus conoideus) 5,85 ml/Kg BB Betakaroten, tokoferol
(Maulita, et al., 2010).
12. Akar pasak bumi (Eurycoma Fraksi metanol-air Glikosida quassinoid
longifolia Jack.) (Panjaitan, et al., 50 mg/Kg BB
2012).

13. Daun kemangi (Ocimum sanctum L.) 200 mg/Kg BB Eugenol, flavonoid, asam
(Lahon & Das, 2011). ursaolat
14. Daun legundi (Vitex trifolia) 30 mg/Kg BB Flavonoids, tannins,
(Manjunatha & Vidya, 2008). saponins, glycosides, steroids
and triterpenoids
15. Daun bunga kupu-kupu (Bauhinia 500 mg/Kg BB Saponin, flavonoid, tanin,
purpurea) (F. Yahya, et al., 2013). polifenol, triterpen, steroid
16. Kayu manis (Cinnamomum 10 mg/Kg BB Flavonoid, tanin, saponin,
zeylanicum L.) (Eidi, et al., 2012). alkaloid, terpenoid, fenol
17. Daun rumput bambu (Lophatherum 800 mg/Kg BB Flavonoid, kumarin
gracile) (Thomson, et al., 2016).
18. Daun jambu monyet (Anacardium 500 mg/Kg BB Flavonoid, saponin
occidentale) (Ikyembe, et al., 2014).
19. Akar kuning (Fibraurea tinctoria 150 mg/Kg BB Alkaloid, Berberin, tannin,
Lour) (Panjaitan, et al., 2007). Fibleucin, Fibraurin, Delta
(8,9) decarboxyfibleucin, 6-
hydroxyfibraurin
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DISCUSSION
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CONCLUSION
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