Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Morality
Wisdom
right speech, right
right view and
action, and right
right intention
livelihood
Concentration
right effort,
right mindfulness, and
right concentration
RIGHT CONCENTRATION
SAMMÃ SAMÃDHI
SAMÃDHIKKHANDA
- SAMMÃ VÃYÃMA (VIRIYA)
- SAMMÃ SATI (SATI)
- SAMMÃ SAMÃDHI (EKAGGATÃ)
Noble Eightfold Path : 8th Factor
Ekaggatã or One-pointedness of Mind
Prerequites
1. Moral discipline purified
2. Impediments dispensed with
3. Meditation instruction/instructor
Samathayanika
path of serenity or
tranquility meditation
1. Samatha bhāvanā
Kamma55hãna
Kamma55hãna = place of work = working
samatha meditation
11-
11-20:
20: ten unattractive objects (dasa asubh
asubhãã)
21-
21-30:
30: ten recollections (dasa anussatiyo
anussatiyo))
31-
31-34:
34: four sublime states (catt
cattããro
brahmavihãrã
brahmavih ãrã))
35-
35-38:
38: four immaterial states (catt
cattãro
ãro ãrupp
ruppã
ã)
39:
39: one perception (ekãekã saññ
saññãã)
40:
40: one analysis (eka vava55hãna) –
contemplation of the four primary elements.
Ten Kasi7as
10 kasinas of solid objects representing
primordial qualities
1-4: primary elements – pathavĩ (earth),
ãpo (water), tejo (heat), and vãyo (wind)
5-8: four colours - blue, yellow, red, and
white kasinas
kasinas;; circular disks placed on wall
9: light (light projected onto the wall
through a circular wall)
10:
10: space (looking at the sky through
circular hole in wall)
Kasi7as
kasina = whole, complete; to be observed
in whole in meditation
Kasinas are generally circular and about a
foot in diameter
Earth kasina = circular disk made or filled
with clay
In meditating with the earth kasina as
subject to develop concentration, the
meditator fixes the gaze on the earth
kasina that is placed in front, and
contemplates, ‘earth, earth’
Ten Asubhas (Unattractive Objects)
Corpses in different stages of
decomposition (color change; bloating;
gnawed by animals, rotting, etc)
In developing one-
one-pointed concentration
on the corpse as subject, the technique is
one--pointed mental fixation on the corpse
one
without reflective thinking (cf
(cf::
mindfulness cultivation stresses on
reflective thought – impermanence of
body)
Ten Recollections (dasa
(dasa anussatiyo
anussatiyo))
1-3: devotional meditations on the qualities of the
Triple Gem — the Buddha, the Dhamma
Dhamma,, and the
Sangha;;
Sangha
4-6: on morality, generosity, and the potential for
divine--like qualities (wisdom, etc) in oneself.
divine
7. mindfulness of death, ((egeg ‘my death is certain;
my continuing to be alive is uncertain’.)
8. contemplation of the unattractive nature of the
body (32
(32 parts of the body),
9. mindfulness of breathing,
10. recollection of peace, Nibbãna
Four Sublime States
outwardly directed social attitudes —
1. loving
loving--kindness,
2. compassion,
(cattãro brahmavihãrã)
by way of Samatha
Path of Tranquility/Serenity Meditaion
Concentration develops in stages
1st Stage: Preliminary Concentration
Five jhã
jhãna factors 3. Pīti – rapture, delight or
activated during enthusiasm (cf
(cf:: sighting of
meditation , link up & water in a desert)
steer the mind towards 4. Sukha – happiness
sam
samãdhi
ãdhi:: (concentrated mind) (cf (cf::
1. Vitakka – initial mind drinking the water)
into the object 5. Ek
Ekapplication, directs and
2. Vicãra – sustained drives the aggatã – one
one--
application, anchors pointedness of mind, unifies
the mind on the object, the mind (consciousness &
examining it mental factors) on the object
Jhãna Factors Suppress Hindrances
Parikamma- Preliminary
nimitta concentration
Object of preliminary or
meditation parikkamma-
preparatory sign samãdhi
Levels of meditative absorption attained
progressively
1. Rūpa jhãna (material): 4 levels (according to
Suttanta; 5 levels according to Abhidhamma),
attained by working on mental factors
2. Arūpa jhãna: 4 levels , attained by
surmounting objects.
what, monks, is right concentration?
Herein, secluded from sense pleasures,
secluded from unwholesome states, a
monk enters and dwells in the first
jhãna, …… second jhãna……….third
jhãna …… fourth jhãna…….. This,
monks, is right concentration.
Fourth Jhãna Purity of mindfulness
Ekaggatã, uppekha
base of nothingness,
Level of concentration is
increasing finer and subtler
base of infinite as each object is surmounted
consciousness,
Immaterial states are attained
by refining the object of
base of infinite space meditation, replacing the gross
ones with subtler ones
developed in vipassanã meditation
KhaÙika (Momentary) Concentration
No fixed subject of meditation
Subject of meditation = the multiplicity of phenomena that arise
moment by moment.
simply direct mindfulness and note the changing in states of mind and
body, any phenomenon that presents itself;
maintain a continuous awareness of whatever enters the range of
perception, clinging to nothing.
concentration becomes stronger moment after moment until it becomes
established one-pointedly on the constantly changing stream of event
mental unification remains steady, and in time develops to a level
equal to that of access concentration khanika samādhi/momentary
concentration, sufficient to suppress hindrances.
Cultivate through practice of satipaţţhãnã, by way of vipassana, lead
to arising of wisdom