Immigration to Canada

Immigration to Canada is the process by which people migrate to Canada to reside in that country. The majority of these
individuals become Canadian citizens. After 1947, domestic immigration law and policy went through major changes, most notably
with the Immigration Act, 1976, and the current Immigration and Refugee Protection Act from 2002. Canadian immigration policies
are still evolving. As recently as 2008, Citizenship and Immigration Canada has made significant changes to streamline the steady
flow of immigrants. Those changes included reduced professional categories for skilled immigration as well as caps for immigrants
[1]
in various categories. In the year from July 2015 to June 2016, 320,932 immigrants entered into Canada.

In Canada there are four categories of immigrants: family class (closely related persons of Canadian residents living in Canada),
economic immigrants (skilled workers and business people), other (people accepted as immigrants for humanitarian or compassionate
reasons) and refugees (people who are escaping persecution, torture or cruel and unusual punishment). According to the 2001 census
by Statistics Canada, Canada has 33 ethnic groups with at least one hundred thousand members each, of which 10 have over
1,000,000 people and numerous others represented in smaller amounts. 16.2% of the population belonged visible
to minorities.

In 2013–2014, most of the Canadian public, as well as the major political parties, supported either sustaining or increasing the current
level of immigration.[2][3][4] A 2014 sociological study even concluded that "Australia and Canada are the most receptive to
immigration among western nations".[5] However, in 2017, the majority of Canadians indicated that they agree that Canada should
accept fewer immigrants and refugees.[6]

Contents
History
First wave
Second wave
Third wave (1890–1920) and fourth wave (1940s–1960s)
Fifth wave (1970s–present)
Chinese
Citizenship
Emigration
Immigration rate
Immigration categories
Economic immigrants
Family class
Refugees
Claiming Asylum in Canada
Refugees in Detention
Fake refugees

Sources of immigration
Canadian immigrant population by country of birth (2016)
2011 immigration statistics
Intellectual disabilities and excessive demand
Temporary Foreign Worker Program
Recent Canadian attitudes towards immigration
Settlement workers
Criticisms
See also
 References
Further reading
History
Guides
External links

History
After the initial period of British and French colonization, four major waves
(or peaks) of immigration and settlement of non-aboriginal peoples took place
over a period of almost two centuries. The fifth wave is currently occurring.

First wave
The first wave of significant, non-aboriginal immigration to Canada occurred
over almost two centuries with slow but progressive French settlement of
Quebec and Acadia with smaller numbers of American and European
entrepreneurs in addition to British military personnel. This wave culminated
with the influx of 46–50,000 British Loyalists fleeing the American
Revolution, chiefly from the Mid-Atlantic States mostly into what is today
Southern Ontario, the Eastern Townships of Quebec, New Brunswick and
Nova Scotia of whom 36,000 went to the Maritimes. Some of these later made
their way to Ontario. A second wave of 30,000 Americans settled in Ontario
and the Eastern Townships between the late 1780s and 1812 with promises of
land. Some several thousands of Gaelic-speaking Scottish Highlanders from
forced land clearances in Scotland migrated to Cape Breton, Nova Scotia and
parts of Eastern Ontario during this period. It marked a new age for Canada A collection of four maps showing the
distribution of the Canadian population for
and its people.
1851 (Newfoundland 1857), 1871
(Newfoundland 1869), 1901 and 1921 by
historical region.
Second wave
The second wave from Britain and Ireland or the Great Migration, encouraged
immigrants to settle in Canada after theWar of 1812, and included British army regulars who had served in that war. In 1815, 80% of
the English-speakers in Canada who numbered 250,000 were either American colonists, or their descendants. By 1851 their
percentage had dropped to 30%. The colonial governors of Canada, who were worried about another American invasion attempt and
to counter the French-speaking influence of Quebec, rushed to promote settlement in back country areas along newly constructed
plank roads within organized land tracts, mostly in Upper Canada (present-day Ontario), much of the settlements were organized by
large companies to promote clearing, and thus farming of land lots. With the second wave Irish immigration to Canada had been
increasing, small numbers to organized land settlements but many more arriving to work on canals, timber, railroads and then peaked
when the Irish Potato Famine occurred from 1846 to 1849 resulting in hundreds of thousands more Irish arriving on Canada's shores,
although a portion migrated on to the United States, either in the short-term or over the subsequent decades. At least 800,000
immigrants arrived between 1815 and 1850, 60% of them British (English and Scottish) and the remainder mostly Irish. This
movement of people is known as the Great Migration boosted Canada's population from approximately 500,000 in 1812 to 2.5
million by 1851. Ontario (Upper Canada): 952,000; Quebec (Lower Canada): 890,000 – about a quarter of whom spoke English as a
first language; the Maritime provinces: 550,000. The French-speaking population was roughly 300,000 in 1812 and had increased to
approx. 700,000 by the 1851 census. Demographically it had swung to a majority English-speaking country
.
The Dominion Lands Act of 1872 copied the American system by offering
ownership of 160 acres of land free (except for a small registration fee) to any
man over 18 or any woman heading a household. They did not need to be
citizens, but had to live on the plot and improve it.

Also during this period, Canada became a port of entry for many Europeans
seeking to gain entry into the U.S. Canadian transportation companies
advertised Canadian ports as a hassle-free way to enter the U.S. especially as
the U.S. began barring entry to certain ethnicities. The U.S. and Canada
mitigated this situation in 1894 with the Canadian Agreement which allowed
for U.S. immigration officials to inspect ships landing at Canadian ports for
immigrants excluded from the U.S. If found, the transporting companies were
responsible for shipping the persons back.[7]

Clifford Sifton, minister of the Interior in Ottawa, 1896–1905, argued that the
free western lands were ideal for growing wheat and would attract large
numbers of hard-working farmers. He removed obstacles that included control
of the lands by companies or organizations that did little to encourage
settlement. Land companies, the Hudson's Bay Company, and school lands all
accounted for large tracts of excellent land. The railways kept closed even Come to Stay, printed in 1880 in the
larger tracts because they were reluctant to take legal title to the even- Canadian Illustrated News, which refers to
immigration to the "Dominion".
numbered lands they were due, thus blocking sale of odd-numbered tracts.
Sifton broke the legal log jam, and set up aggressive advertising campaigns in
the U.S. and Europe, with a host of agents promoting the Canadian west. He also brokered deals with ethnic groups that wanted large
[8]
tracts for homogeneous settlement. His goal was to maximize immigration from Britain, eastern Canada and the U.S.

Third wave (1890–1920) and fourth wave (1940s–1960s)

The government promoted cheap wheat lands in the Prairies. 1898
filiations.[10]
arrived on the prairies. In practice, they clung to their traditional religious af
The third wave of immigration coming mostly
from continental Europe peaked prior to World
War I, between 1911–1913 (over 400,000 in
1912), many from Eastern or Southern Europe.
The fourth wave came from Europe after the
Second World War, peaking at 282,000 in 1957.
Many were from Italy and Portugal. Pier 21 in
Halifax, Nova Scotia was an influential port for
European immigration; Pier 21 received 471,940
Italians between 1928 until it ceased operations in
1971, making Italians the third largest ethnic
group to immigrate to Canada during that time
period.[9] Together, they made Canada a more
multi-ethnic country with substantial non-British
or non-French European elements. For example,
Ukrainian Canadians accounted for the largest
Ukrainian population outside Ukraine and Russia.
The Church of England took up the role of
introducing British values to farmers newly

Periods of low immigration have also occurred: international movement was very difficult during the world wars, and there was a
lack of jobs "pulling" workers to Canada during theGreat Depression in Canada.
Canadianization was a high priority for new arrivals lacking a British cultural background.[11] Immigrants from Britain were given
highest priority.[12] There was no special effort to attract Francophone immigrants. In terms of economic opportunity, Canada was
most attractive to farmers headed to the Prairies, who typically came from eastern and central Europe. Immigrants from Britain
preferred urban life.[13]

Fifth wave (1970s–present)

Immigration since the 1970s has overwhelmingly been of visible minorities from the developing world. This was largely influenced
in 1976 when the Immigration Act was revised and this continued to be official government policy. During the Mulroney
government, immigration levels were increased. By the late 1980s, the fifth wave of immigration has maintained with slight
fluctuations since (225,000–275,000 annually). Currently, most immigrants come from South Asia, China and Caribbean and this
trend is expected to continue.

Chinese
Prior to 1885, restrictions on immigration were imposed mostly in
response to large waves of immigration rather than planned policy
decisions, but not specifically targeted at one group or ethnicity, at
least as official policy. Then came the introduction of the first
Chinese Head Tax legislation passed in 1885, which was in response
to a growing number of Chinese working on the Canadian Pacific
Railway. Subsequent increases in the head tax in 1900 and 1903
limited Chinese entrants to Canada. In 1907 a major riot against
Asians took place in Vancouver, BC. In 1923 the government passed
the Chinese Immigration Act which excluded Chinese from entering
Canada altogether between 1923 and 1947. For discriminating
against Chinese immigrants in past periods, an official government
apology and compensations were announced on 22 June 2006.

Citizenship
The term Canadian as a term of nationalism or citizenship was first
used under the Immigration Act, 1910, to designate those British Exclusionist cartoon inSaturday Sunset magazine
subjects who were domiciled in Canada. All other British subjects by N. H. Hawkins, Vancouver, 24 August 1907
required permission to land. A separate status of "Canadian national"
was created under the Canadian Nationals Act, 1921, which was
defined as being a Canadian as defined above, their wives, and any children (fathered by such citizens) that had not yet landed in
Canada. After the passage of the Statute of Westminster in 1931, the monarchy ceased to be an exclusively British institution.
Because of this Canadians, and others living in countries that became known as Commonwealth realms, were known as subjects of
the Crown. However, in legal documents the term "British subject" continued to be used and "Canadians" were officially British
Subjects born or regularly domiciled in Canada.

Canada was the first nation in the then British Commonwealth to establish its own nationality law in 1946, with the enactment of the
Canadian Citizenship Act 1946. This took effect on January 1, 1947. In order to be deemed a Canadian citizen on January 1, 1947,
one generally had to be a British subject on that date, or had been admitted to Canada as landed immigrants before that date. First
Nations people were later included by amendment in 1956. The phrase British subject refers in general to anyone from the United
Kingdom, its colonies at the time, or a Commonwealth country. Acquisition and loss of British subject status before 1947 was
determined by United Kingdom law.
Canada offers Canadian citizenship through naturalization. In June 2017 the implementation of the first of a series of important
reforms to the Citizenship Act took effect. These reforms restored many of the previous requirements that were in place for more than
3 decades in Canada before they were removed and replaced with more stringent criteria by the former Conservative government in
2015. The most important changes include permanent residence is now a requirement for 3 years out of 5 years during the period
immediately prior to filing the application. There is no longer a physical presence rule. Persons aged 14 to 54 years must pass
knowledge of Canada test and demonstrate a basic ability in either of English or French, Canada’s official languages. Revocation of
citizenship must follow a more formal and balanced process.[14][15] On 15 February 1977, Canada removed restrictions on dual
citizenship. Many of the provisions to acquire or lose Canadian citizenship that existed under the 1946 legislation were repealed.
Canadian citizens are in general no longer subject to involuntary loss of citizenship, barring revocation on the grounds of immigration
fraud.

Statistics Canada has tabulated the effect of immigration on population growth in Canada from 1851 to 2001.[16]

Emigration
Emigration from Canada to the United States has historically exceeded immigration, but there were short periods where the reverse
was true; for example, the Loyalist refugees; during the various British Columbia gold rushes and later the Klondike Gold Rush
which saw many American prospectors inhabiting British Columbia and the Yukon; land settlers moving from the Northern Plains to
the Prairies in the early 20th century and also during periods of political turmoil and/or during wars, for example the Vietnam War.
There are over 1 million Canadians living in the US (many millions more descendants of Canadian immigrants to the USA – New
England alone is 20–25% of Canadian descent) and 1 million Americans living in Canada.

It should be noted that immigration has always been offset by emigration: at times this was of great concerns of governments intent
on filling up the country, particularly the western provinces. The United States was overall the primary destination followed by
reverse migration. As a result the population of Canada at Confederation (1867) was 3.75 million, or 10% of the US population, this
average was maintained from about 1830 to 1870. It dropped to 6% by 1900 due to large emigration to the US and in spite of large-
scale immigration to Canada. Emigration to the US was only 370,000 in the 1870s; averaged a million a decade from 1880 to 1910;
almost 750,000 from 1911 to 1920 and 1.25 million from 1921 to 1930.They consisted of both native born Canadians and recent
immigrants from various, mostly European nations. Between 1945 and 1965 emigration to the US averaged 40–45,000 annually. It
was not until 1960 that the population of Canada reached the 10% mark again, or 18 million. Today (2017) with over 35 million
people, Canada has 10.8% the population of its southern neighbour. In times of economic difficulty, Canadian governments
frequently resorted to deportation and coerced "voluntary" deportation to thin out ranks of unemployed workers; however, by the
time of the Mackenzie-King government it was realized that this was an improvident short-term solution resulting in future labor
[17]
shortages (that immigration was initially intended to overcome).

Immigration rate
In 2001, 250,640 people immigrated to Canada, relative to a total population of 30,007,094 people per the 2001 Census. Since 2001,
immigration has ranged between 221,352 and 262,236 immigrants per annum.[18] The three main official reasons given for the level
of immigration are:

The social component – Canada facilitatesfamily reunification.

The humanitarian component – Relating to refugees.
The economic component – Attracting immigrants who will contribute economically and fill labour market needs.
The level of immigration peaked in 1993 in the last year of the Progressive Conservative government and was maintained by Liberal
Party of Canada. Ambitious targets of an annual 1% per capita immigration rate were hampered by financial constraints. The Liberals
committed to raising actual immigration levels further in 2005. All political parties are now cautious about criticizing the high level
of immigration. Consequently, immigration levels to Canada (roughly 0.7% per year) are considerably higher per capita than to the
United States (about a million, or 0.3%, per year). Further, much of the immigration to the United States is from Latin America, with
relatively less from Asia; the United States only admits about twice as many immigrants from Asian countries like China, India, the
Philippines, and Pakistan as Canada, despite
having nine times the population. Due to this, the
largest minority in the United States is the Latin
American population, while Canada's largest
minority is its Asian population.

Immigrant population growth is concentrated in

or near large cities (particularly Vancouver,
Toronto, and Montreal). These cities are
experiencing increased services demands that
accompany strong population growth, causing 100,000 + 50,000- 20,000- 10,000-
concern about the capability of infrastructure in 99,999 49,999 19,999
those cities to handle the influx. For example, a
Toronto Star article published on 14 July 2006
authored by Daniel Stoffman noted that 43% of immigrants move to the Greater Toronto Area and said "unless Canada cuts
immigrant numbers, our major cities will not be able to maintain their social and physical infrastructures".[19] Most of the provinces
that do not have one of those destination cities have implemented strategies to try to boost their share of immigration.

According to Citizenship and Immigration Canada, under the Canada–Quebec Accord of 1991, Quebec has sole responsibility for
selecting most immigrants destined to the province. Of course, once immigrants are granted permanent residency or citizenship they
are free to move between and reside in any provinces underSection 6 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Immigration categories
There are three main categories to Canadian immigration:

Economic immigrants
Citizenship and Immigration Canada uses seven sub-categories of economic immigrants, and includes skilled workers under these
classes: Quebec skilled worker class,[20] federal skilled trades, the federal skilled worker program, the provincial nominee class and
the Canadian experience class.[21]

The process is done by submitting an online profile to the express entry pool, under one of 3 federal Canada immigration programs or
a provincial immigration program. The highest ranked candidates are getting invited to apply for permanent residence.

The business immigration programs that offer permanent admission to Canada:

Quebec Immigrant Investor Program (QIIP)[18]

Quebec Entrepreneur program
Quebec Self Employed
Federal Start-UP Visa program
[22]
Individuals with a certain net worth can also apply for permanent residence via certain programs.

The high-profile Skilled worker principal applicants group comprised 19.8% of all immigration in 2005. Canada has also created a
VIP Business Immigration Program which allows immigrants with sufficient business experience or management experience to
receive the Permanent Residency in a shorter period than other types of immigration.

Family class
Under a government program, both citizens andpermanent residents can sponsor family members to immigrate to Canada.
Refugees
In 2010, Canada accepted 280,681 immigrants (permanent and temporary) of which 186,913 (67%) were Economic immigrants;
60,220 (22%) were Family class; 24,696 (9%) were Refugees; and 8,845 (2%) were Other.[23] Some 60,000 come to Canada each
orking Holiday, internship, and study visas.[24]
year under the International Experience Canada initiative, which provides W

Under Canadian nationality law an immigrant can apply for citizenship after living in Canada for 1095 days (3 years) in any 5-year
[25]
period provided that they lived in Canada as a permanent resident for at least two of those years.

As of May 1, 2014, the Federal Skilled Worker Class opened once again accepting 25,000 applicants with intake caps at 1,000 per
category. A New Economic Action Plan 2015 took effect in January 2015 in which the skilled worker program will be more of an
employer based program. The current list of accepted occupations for 2014 includes many occupations such as senior managers,
accountants, physicians and medical professionals, professionals in marketing and advertising, real estate professionals and many
more.[26] The changes in 2015 moved permanent residency in Canada away from the 'first come, first served' model, and towards a
[27]
new structure that took on permanent residents based on Canada's economic need. The new system is called "Express Entry".

Effective August 2, 2016, all home buyers (including immigrants and refugees) who are not Canadian citizens nor have landed
immigrant status are obliged to pay a 15% Property Transfer Tax when purchasing residential property in the Greater Vancouver
Regional District.[28]

Claiming Asylum in Canada

A person who is seeking asylum in Canada must be first considered eligible by the Immigration and Refugee Board of
Canada(IRB).[29] The IRB classifies eligible refugees into two separate categories:

Convention Refugees:
Someone who is outside and unable to return to their home country due to a fear of persecution based on several factors including
race, religion, and political opinion.[30]

A person in need of protection:

Claims for asylum under this category are usually made at a point of entry into Canada. Those claiming to be a person in need of
protection must be unable to return to their home country safely because they would be subjected to a danger of torture, risk for their
life or risk of cruel and unusual treatment[31] .

There are many instances that make a persons claim ineligible for referral to the IRB, notably those who seek entry into Canada
through the U.S, were the Canada-U. S Safe Third Country Agreement (STCA) is then applied[32] . The STCA is responsible for
limiting refugee eligibility to enter Canada and the rejection of several hundred claims a year since its implementation[33] . The
Canadian Border Services Agency(CBSA) reported a drop in the number of claims from 6,000-14,000 before its implementation to
an average of 4,000 claims per year after its implementation[34] .Asylum claimants have been subjected to “indirect-refoulment”, a
consequence of a persons claim in Canada being refused under the STCA, subjecting them to deportation to the destination in which
the person was originally seeking asylum from, due to more conservativeimmigration and refugee policies in the U.S[35] .

Refugees in Detention
Asylum seekers arriving at a point of entry on the Canadian border have been subject to incarceration and detention, due to the
passing of Bill C-31 in December, 2012[36] .Often, claimants are subject to detention for failing to provide insufficient identification
documents, which is in violation with the United Nations Refugee Convention, to which Canada is a signatory[37] .In 2010-2011,
[38] . There is to requirement
Canada detained 8,838 people, of which 4,151 of them were asylum seekers or rejected refugee claimants
to the maximum time limit spent in detention upon being released, a situation which has been subject to criticism held in contrast to
[38] .
areas in Europe: Ireland (30 days), France (32 days), Spain (40 days), and Italy (60 days)

Fake refugees
Estimates of illegal immigrants in Canada range between 35,000 and 120,000.[39] Approximately 49,775 nonwhite fake refugees
entered Canada from the US in 2017, with the greatest number entering into Quebec.[40] James Bissett, a former head of the
Canadian Immigration Service, has suggested that the lack of any credible refugee screening process, combined with a high
likelihood of ignoring any deportation orders, has resulted in tens of thousands of outstanding warrants for the arrest of rejected
refugee claimants, with little attempt at enforcement.[41] A 2008 report by the Auditor General Sheila Fraser stated that Canada has
lost track of as many as 41,000 illegal immigrants.[42][43] However, Canada accepts six times more refugees than the United States
due to set precedent's.[44]

Sources of immigration
Canada receives its immigrant population from almost 200 countries.

Permanent Residents Admitted in 2015, by T

op 10
Source Countries[45]
Rank Country Number Percentage
1 Philippines 50,846 18.7

2 India 39,530 14.5

3 China 19,532 7.2

4 Iran 11,669 4.3

5 Pakistan 11,329 4.2

6 Syria 9,853 3.6

7 United States 7,522 3.0

8 France 5,807 2.0

9 United Kingdom 5,451 2.0

10 Nigeria 4,133 2.0

Top 10 Total 165,672 61.5

Other 106,173 38.5
Total 271,845 100

Statistics Canada projects that, by 2031, almost one-half of the population could have at least one foreign-born parent.[46] The
number of visible ethnocultural composition of population will double and make up the minority of the population of cities in
Canada.[47]

Canadian immigrant population by country of birth (2016)

[48]
Immigrant refers to all those who hold or have ever held permanent resident status in Canada, including naturalized citizens.
 Portion of Portion of
Country of
Rank Population immigrants Canadian Notes
birth
in Canada population
N/A Canada 27,610,898 N/A 78.55%

1 India 668,565 8.87% 1.9%

The official name is "People's Republic of

China China". These figures excludeHong Kong and
2 649,260 8.61% 1.85%
Macau, which have separate lines below in this
table.

3 588,305 7.8% 1.67%

Philippines
United From England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and
4 499,120 6.62% 1.42%
Kingdom Wales.

United
5 253,715 3.36% 0.72%
States

6 Italy 236,635 3.14% 0.67%

Hong Special administrative region of the People's

7 208,935 2.77% 0.59%
Kong Republic of China.

8 Pakistan 202,255 2.68% 0.58%

9 Vietnam 169,250 2.24% 0.48% Many from the former Republic of Vietnam

10 Iran 154,420 2.05% 0.44%

11 Poland 146,470 1.94% 0.42%

12 145,840 1.93% 0.41%

Germany

13 Portugal 139,450 1.85% 0.4%

14 Jamaica 138,345 1.83% 0.39%

Sri
15 131,995 1.75% 0.38%
Lanka
South
16 123,305 1.64% 0.35%
Korea

17 France 105,570 1.4% 0.3%

18 Haiti 93,485 1.24% 0.27%

19 Romania 90,310 1.2% 0.26%

20 Lebanon 88,740 1.18% 0.25%

21 88,475 1.17% 0.25%

Netherlands

22 Guyana 87,680 1.16% 0.25%

23 Mexico 80,590 1.07% 0.23%

24 Russia 78,685 1.04% 0.22%

25 Ukraine 73,030 0.97% 0.21%

26 70,040 0.93% 0.2%

Colombia

27 Morocco 69,655 0.92% 0.2%

28 Iraq 68,490 0.91% 0.19%

Trinidad
29 65,035 0.86% 0.19%
and Tobago

30 Algeria 64,625 0.86% 0.18%

31 Egypt 64,620 0.86% 0.18%

32 Taiwan 63,770 0.85% 0.18% The official name is 'Republic of China'.

33 Greece 62,715 0.83% 0.18%

34 58,735 0.78% 0.17%

Bangladesh

35 Syria 52,955 0.7% 0.15%

36 51,960 0.69% 0.15%

Afghanistan
El
37 48,075 0.64% 0.14%
Salvador
South
38 44,660 0.59% 0.13%
Africa
39 Nigeria 42,430 0.56% 0.12%

40 Croatia 40,040 0.53% 0.11%

41 Hungary 36,825 0.49% 0.1%

Bosnia
42 and 36,135 0.48% 0.1%
Herzegovina

43 Serbia 33,320 0.44% 0.09%

44 Ethiopia 32,790 0.43% 0.09%

45 Peru 29,615 0.39% 0.08%

46 Brazil 29,315 0.39% 0.08%

47 Ireland 28,320 0.38% 0.08%

48 Japan 27,245 0.36% 0.08%

49 Somalia 27,230 0.36% 0.08%

50 Kenya 27,150 0.36% 0.08%

51 Israel 26,735 0.35% 0.08%

52 Turkey 26,710 0.35% 0.08%

53 Chile 26,705 0.35% 0.08%

54 Democratic 25,655 0.34% 0.07%

Republic of
the Congo
55 Fiji 24,660 0.33% 0.07%

56 Malaysia 23,785 0.32% 0.07%

57 23,320 0.31% 0.07%

Cambodia

58 Ghana 22,910 0.3% 0.07%

59 Australia 21,115 0.28% 0.06% Includes Norfolk Island.

Czech
60 21,065 0.28% 0.06%
Republic
United
61 Arab 20,990 0.28% 0.06%
Emirates

62 20,775 0.28% 0.06%

Venezuela

63 Tanzania 20,600 0.27% 0.06%

Saudi
64 20,080 0.27% 0.06%
Arabia

65 19,430 0.26% 0.06%

Argentina

66 19,040 0.25% 0.05%

Switzerland

67 Belgium 18,935 0.25% 0.05%

68 Bulgaria 18,635 0.25% 0.05%

69 18,570 0.25% 0.05%

Cameroon
70 Cuba 17,850 0.24% 0.05%

71 Moldova 17,605 0.23% 0.05%

72 Tunisia 17,435 0.23% 0.05%

73 17,275 0.23% 0.05%

Guatemala

74 15,900 0.21% 0.05%

Mauritius

75 Austria 15,845 0.21% 0.05%

76 Albania 15,365 0.2% 0.04%

77 Kuwait 15,235 0.2% 0.04%

78 Thailand 15,075 0.2% 0.04%

79 Eritrea 15,010 0.2% 0.04%

80 Ecuador 14,965 0.2% 0.04%

81 Laos 14,475 0.19% 0.04%

82 Slovakia 14,410 0.19% 0.04%

83 Nepal 14,390 0.19% 0.04%

84 14,280 0.19% 0.04%

Indonesia

85 14,095 0.19% 0.04%

Barbados
86 Jordan 13,295 0.18% 0.04%

87 Uganda 13,210 0.18% 0.04%

88 St. 12,945 0.17% 0.04%

Vincent and
 the
Grenadines

89 Denmark 12,515 0.17% 0.04%

90 12,450 0.17% 0.04%

Kazakhstan

91 11,820 0.16% 0.03%

Singapore
Ivory
92 11,325 0.15% 0.03% Also known as Côte d'Ivoire.
Coast
93 Belarus 11,190 0.15% 0.03%

94 Sudan 10,820 0.14% 0.03%

95 Spain 10,700 0.14% 0.03%

96 Dominican 10,605 0.14% 0.03%

Republic

97 10,495 0.14% 0.03%

Zimbabwe

98 10,300 0.14% 0.03%

Macedonia

99 Grenada 10,265 0.14% 0.03%

New
100 9,880 0.13% 0.03% Includes Niue and Tokelau.
Zealand

101 9,865 0.13% 0.03%

Nicaragua

102 Finland 9,525 0.13% 0.03%

103 Burundi 8,470 0.11% 0.02%

104 8,215 0.11% 0.02% Also known as Burma.

Myanmar
105 Slovenia 8,210 0.11% 0.02%

Composed of the Gaza Strip and the West

106 8,210 0.11% 0.02%
Palestine Bank.

107 7,790 0.1% 0.02%

Honduras

108 Kosovo 7,610 0.1% 0.02%

109 Senegal 7,515 0.1% 0.02%

110 Malta 7,465 0.1% 0.02%

111 7,305 0.1% 0.02%

Paraguay

112 Sweden 6,630 0.09% 0.02%

113 Uruguay 6,535 0.09% 0.02%

114 6,385 0.08% 0.02%

Uzbekistan
115 Libya 6,300 0.08% 0.02%

116 Rwanda 6,105 0.08% 0.02%

117 St. Lucia 6,100 0.08% 0.02%

118 Latvia 5,875 0.08% 0.02%

Macau Special administrative region of the People's

119 5,750 0.08% 0.02%
Republic of China.
South
120 5,540 0.07% 0.02%
Sudan

121 Guinea 5,190 0.07% 0.01%

122 4,980 0.07% 0.01%

Lithuania
123 Brunei 4,485 0.06% 0.01%

124 Bolivia 4,400 0.06% 0.01%

125 Bhutan 4,250 0.06% 0.01%

126 Armenia 4,165 0.06% 0.01%

127 Cyprus 4,020 0.05% 0.01%

Costa
128 3,950 0.05% 0.01%
Rica

129 Norway 3,885 0.05% 0.01%

130 3,845 0.05% 0.01%

Azerbaijan

131 Zambia 3,715 0.05% 0.01%

132 3,555 0.05% 0.01%

Madagascar

133 Togo 3,350 0.04% 0.01%

134 Estonia 3,200 0.04% 0.01%

135 Angola 3,120 0.04% 0.01%

Sierra
136 3,040 0.04% 0.01%
Leone

137 2,980 0.04% 0.01%

Kyrgyzstan

138 Yemen 2,960 0.04% 0.01%

139 2,775 0.04% 0.01%

Dominica

140 Benin 2,760 0.04% 0.01%

141 Panama 2,620 0.03% 0.01%

142 Georgia 2,570 0.03% 0.01%

143 Qatar 2,485 0.03% 0.01%

144 Liberia 2,480 0.03% 0.01%

Republic
145 2,460 0.03% 0.01%
of the Congo

146 Bahrain 2,390 0.03% 0.01%

Antigua
147 2,310 0.03% 0.01%
and Barbuda
148 Djibouti 2,235 0.03% 0.01%

St. Kitts
149 2,105 0.03% 0.01%
and Nevis

150 Mali 2,095 0.03% 0.01%

151 Belize 1,995 0.03% 0.01%

Burkina
152 1,980 0.03% 0.01%
Faso

153 1,865 0.02% 0.01%

Montenegro

154 1,845 0.02% 0.01%

Bermuda

155 1,635 0.02% 0%

Bahamas

156 Chad 1,595 0.02% 0%

157 Oman 1,540 0.02% 0%

158 1,420 0.02% 0%

Mongolia

159 1,310 0.02% 0%

Tajikistan

160 1,255 0.02% 0%

Mozambique

161 Gabon 1,080 0.01% 0%

Central
162 African 1,055 0.01% 0%
Republic

163 1,050 0.01% 0%

Suriname

164 Namibia 1,035 0.01% 0%

Includes a small number of immigrants who

164 Others 1,035 0.01% 0% were born in Canada, as well as other places of
birth not classified elsewhere.

164 1,035 0.01% 0%

Seychelles

167 Niger 1,030 0.01% 0%

168 905 0.01% 0%

Mauritania

169 850 0.01% 0%

Botswana
North The official name is 'Democratic People's
170 780 0.01% 0%
Korea Republic of Korea'.

171 675 0.01% 0%

Luxembourg

172 Malawi 670 0.01% 0%

173 Gambia 665 0.01% 0%

174 640 0.01% 0%

Martinique
175 610 0.01% 0%
Montserrat

176 Iceland 590 0.01% 0%

177 Aruba 580 0.01% 0%

178 515 0.01% 0%

Guadeloupe
Puerto
179 505 0.01% 0%
Rico

180 500 0.01% 0%

Turkmenistan

181 Curaçao 470 0.01% 0%

Isle of
182 415 0.01% 0%
Man

183 400 0.01% 0%

Swaziland

184 Jersey 360 0% 0%

185 Réunion 295 0% 0%

St.
186 Pierre and 290 0% 0%
Miquelon
French
187 280 0% 0%
Guiana
Cayman
188 270 0% 0%
Islands
Papua
189 235 0% 0%
New Guinea
New
190 220 0% 0%
Caledonia

191 195 0% 0%
Guernsey
French
192 185 0% 0%
Polynesia
Sint
192 185 0% 0%
Maarten
Cape
194 170 0% 0%
Verde
195 Gibraltar 160 0% 0%

196 Samoa 155 0% 0%

197 140 0% 0%
Comoros
197 Tonga 140 0% 0%

Northern
199 Mariana 120 0% 0%
Islands
Guinea-
200 110 0% 0%
Bissau
200 Monaco 110 0% 0%

202 Lesotho 105 0% 0%

United
203 States Virgin 90 0% 0%
Islands
British
204 85 0% 0%
Virgin Islands

205 65 0% 0%
Liechtenstein
206 Anguilla 60 0% 0%

206 Equatorial 60 0% 0%
Guinea
Turks
206 and Caicos 60 0% 0%
Islands

209 55 0% 0%
Greenland

210 Maldives 50 0% 0%

Solomon
211 40 0% 0%
Islands
Faroe
212 35 0% 0%
Islands
213 Guam 30 0% 0%

213 Palau 30 0% 0%

213 Vanuatu 30 0% 0%

216 Bonaire 25 0% 0%

216 Nauru 25 0% 0%

Sao
216 Tome and 25 0% 0%
Principe
East
216 25 0% 0% Also known as Timor-Leste.
Timor

220 Andorra 20 0% 0%

220 Kiribati 20 0% 0%

Marshall
220 20 0% 0%
Islands
Falkland
223 10 0% 0%
Islands

Federated
223 10 0% 0%
States of
Micronesia
Saint
223 10 0% 0%
Barthélemy
St. Now known as St. Helena, Ascension and
223 10 0% 0%
Helena Tristan da Cunha.
 223 Wallis 10 0% 0%
and Futuna
Åland
223 10 0% 0%
Islands
Total
7,540,830 100% 21.45%
immigrants

2011 immigration statistics

 [49]
Number of immigrants granted permanent residence in Canada in 2011 by source country
Number of
Proportion
Rank Country immigrants Notes
of total
admitted
1 Philippines 34,991 14.1%

China Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan included

2 28,696 11.5%
separately.

3 India 24,965 10%

4 United States 8,829 3.5%

5 Iran 6,840 2.7%

6 United Kingdom 6,550 2.6%

7 Haiti 6,208 2.5%

8 Pakistan 6,073 2.4%

9 France 5,867 2.4%

United Arab
10 5,223 2.1%
Emirates

11 Iraq 4,698 1.9%

12 South Korea 4,573 1.8%

13 Colombia 4,317 1.7%

14 Morocco 4,155 1.7%

15 Algeria 3,800 1.5%

16 Mexico 3,642 1.5%

17 Egypt 3,403 1.4%

18 Sri Lanka 3,104 1.2%

19 Nigeria 2,768 1.1%

20 Ukraine 2,455 1%

21 Bangladesh 2,449 1%

22 Lebanon 2,335 0.9%

23 Saudi Arabia 2,299 0.9%

24 Germany 2,254 0.9%

25 Ethiopia 2,038 0.8%

26 Jamaica 2,021 0.8%

27 Afghanistan 1,977 0.8%

Israel Does not include the Gaza Strip, the Golan

28 1,967 0.8%
Heights, or the West Bank.

29 Taiwan 1,894 0.8%

30 Russia 1,887 0.8%

31 Romania 1,723 0.7%

32 Vietnam 1,682 0.7%

33 Brazil 1,519 0.6%

34 Japan 1,475 0.6%

35 Venezuela 1,446 0.6%

36 Tunisia 1,368 0.5%

37 Moldova 1,349 0.5%

38 Turkey 1,339 0.5%

39 Somalia 1,256 0.5%

40 Nepal 1,249 0.5%

41 Syria 1,181 0.5%

42 Kuwait 1,179 0.5%

43 Cameroon 1,166 0.5%

44 Mauritius 1,120 0.5%

Democratic
45 1,058 0.4%
Republic of the Congo

46 South Africa 1,036 0.4%

47 Jordan 1,025 0.4%

48 Australia 979 0.4%

49 Cuba 938 0.4%

50 Peru 876 0.4%

51 Eritrea 874 0.4%

Hong Kong Special administrative region of the

52 820 0.3%
People's Republic of China.

53 Guyana 761 0.3%

Dominican
54 759 0.3%
Republic

55 Kenya 750 0.3%

56 Ireland 662 0.3%

57 El Salvador 658 0.3%

58 Poland 657 0.3%

59 Belgium 633 0.3%

60 Netherlands 629 0.3%

61 Qatar 615 0.2%

Trinidad and
61 615 0.2%
Tobago

62 Italy 572 0.2%

63 Libya 544 0.2%

64 Honduras 542 0.2%

65 Senegal 523 0.2%

66 Burundi 518 0.2%

67 Ghana 511 0.2%

68 Portugal 506 0.2%

69 Ivory Coast 503 0.2%

70 Sudan 488 0.2% Now divided into Sudan andSouth Sudan.

71 Malaysia 485 0.2%

72 Albania 471 0.2%

73 Singapore 458 0.2%

74 Thailand 455 0.2%

75 Switzerland 448 0.2%

St. Vincent and

76 447 0.2%
the Grenadines

77 Ecuador 437 0.2%

78 Rwanda 436 0.2%

79 New Zealand 410 0.2%

80 Zimbabwe 388 0.2%

81 Indonesia 368 0.1%

82 Kazakhstan 367 0.1%

83 Bulgaria 356 0.1%

84 Belarus 355 0.1%

85 Myanmar 311 0.1%

85 Fiji 311 0.1%

86 Argentina 298 0.1%

87 Uganda 288 0.1%

88 Oman 285 0.1%

89 Hungary 281 0.1%

90 Guatemala 276 0.2%

91 St. Lucia 262 0.1%

92 Palestine 261 0.1% Includes the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.

93 Guinea 252 0.1%

94 Spain 248 0.1%

95 Sweden 244 0.1%

96 Benin 233 0.1%

97 Tanzania 229 0.1%

98 Armenia 227 0.1%

99 Bahrain 209 0.1%

100 Cambodia 196 0.1% #

101 Yemen 188 0.1%

102 Chile 183 0.1%

Bosnia and
103 178 0.1%
Herzegovina

104 Costa Rica 173 0.1%

105 Grenada 169 0.1%

106 Greece 163 0.1%

107 Togo 154 0.1%

108 Kyrgyzstan 152 0.1%

109 Uzbekistan 146 0.1%

110 Azerbaijan 141 0.1%

111 Georgia 138 0.1%

112 Denmark 129 0.1%

113 Czech Republic 128 0.1%

113 Mali 128 0.1%

114 Sierra Leone 127 0.1%

115 Slovakia 125 0.1%

115 Djibouti 125 0.1%

116 Macedonia 124 0%

117 Croatia 123 0%

118 Madagascar 120 0%

118 Nicaragua 120 0%

119 Burkina Faso 117 0%

120 Barbados 110 0%

121 Latvia 104 0%

121 Paraguay 104 0%

122 Niger 97 0%

123 Mongolia 96 0%

124 Finland 95 0%

125 Austria 93 0%

126 North Korea 91 0%

127 Botswana 90 0%

128 Bolivia 82 0%

Republic of the
129 79 0%
Congo

130 Uruguay 77 0%

131 Zambia 75 0%

132 Norway 71 0%

133 Gabon 65 0%
134 Chad 59 0%

134 Bahamas 59 0%

135 Panama 56 0%

136 Cyprus 54 0%

137 Tajikistan 53 0%

138 Liberia 49 0%

139 Malawi 45 0%

Antigua and
140 43 0%
Barbuda

141 Lithuania 42 0%

141 Brunei 42 0%

142 Dominica 41 0%

143 Belize 40 0%

144 Angola 38 0%

145 Mauritania 34 0%

146 Bermuda 31 0%

Macau Special administrative region of the

147 29 0%
People's Republic of China.

148 Luxembourg 28 0%

149 The Gambia 27 0%

150 Serbia 25 0% Now divided into Serbia, and Montenegro.

151 Namibia 24 0%

151 Martinique 24 0%

152 Laos 23 0%

152 Cayman Islands 23 0%

153 Turkmenistan 19 0%

154 Estonia 16 0%

154 Suriname 16 0%

155 Malta 14 0%

155 Swaziland 14 0%

155 St. Kitts and Nevis 14 0%

Central African
156 12 0%
Republic
156 Seychelles 12 0%

157 Slovenia 10 0%

158 Guadeloupe 6 0%

Other countries 2,326 0.9%

Country not stated 58 0%
 Total 248,748 100%

Intellectual disabilities and excessive demand

Several families have recently been denied immigration to Canada because members of their family have an autism spectrum
diagnosis and Citizenship and Immigration Canada felt the potential cost of care for those family members would place an excessive
demand on health or social services.[50][51] People with autism disorders can be accepted if they are able to depend on
themselves.[51]

Temporary Foreign Worker Program

In 2012 more than 200 000 people were admitted to Canada under theTemporary Foreign Worker Program, three times the number in
2002.[52]

An individual that come to Canada through T

emporary Foreign Worker Program can only stay on work permit for 3 years.

Recent Canadian attitudes towards immigration

An October 2016 study of Canadian values by pollster Angus Reid[53] gave a conflicting picture that about 68% of those polled said
they wanted minorities to do more to fit into the mainstream, the same number also said they were nonetheless happy with how the
immigrants were integrating themselves into the community. Further, 79% of Canadians believe immigration policy should be based
on the country's economic and labour needs, rather than on the needs of foreigners to escape crises in their home countries. In an
analysis of the survey, Reid wrote that although Canadians' commitment to multiculturalism is not increasing, and in the wake of
North American and European Anti-Immigrant movements like Brexit have affected the Canadian attitudes and have started to
develop a preference to colorism in certain provinces. Reid also express' his uncomfortableness in the increasing illiterate refugee
immigrants that can affect the Canadian society. However, he found that the majority of newcomers and refugees feel that they are
treated fairly and welcomed as a "Canadian".[54]

Settlement workers
Settlement workers help immigrants in Canada to understand their rights and responsibilities and find them programs and services
they need to integrate with the new culture and prospect of livelihood. They motivate organizations to hire immigrants and support
immigration through recruiting new members. They work with government agency, school board, library and other community
organization with network of resources.[55]

Criticisms
In L'Express, the French news magazine, Canadian academic, and environmental activistDavid Suzuki called Canada's immigration
policy "disgusting" (We "plunder southern countries to deprive them of their future leaders, and wish to increase our population to
support economic growth") and insisted that "Canada is full" ("Our useful area is reduced"), even though Canada has one of the
smallest population densities in the world.[56]

See also
National Advancement Party of Canada
Immigration Watch Canada
Visa policy of Canada
Canada (Citizenship and Immigration) .v Khosa
Demographics of Canada
Former colonies and territories in Canada
History of Chinese immigration to Canada
 History of immigration to Canada
Ministry of Immigration, Diversity and Inclusion
, Government department for immigration to Quebec
Top 25 Canadian Immigrants Award
Immigrant benefits urban legend, a hoax regarding benefits comparison

References
1. Grant, Tavia (28 September 2016)."320,000 newcomers came to Canada in past year, highest number since 1971"
(https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/canada-welcomed-320000-immigrants-in-past-year-highest-numbe
r-since-1971/article32102991/). The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
2. James Hollifield; Philip Martin; Pia Orrenius (2014).Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective, Third Edition(http
s://books.google.com/books?id=Ys9jBAAAQBAJ&pg=P A11). Stanford University Press. p. 11.ISBN 978-0-8047-
8627-0.
3. Gary P. Freeman; Randall Hansen; David L. Leal (2013).Immigration and Public Opinion in Liberal Democracies(htt
ps://books.google.com/books?id=A0s03B_RjhIC&pg=P A8). Routledge. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-136-21161-4.
4. Abdur Rahim (2014). Canadian Immigration and South Asian Immigrants(https://books.google.com/books?id=mUGt
BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA191). Xlibris Corporation. p. 191.ISBN 978-1-4990-5874-1.
5. Markus, Andrew. "Attitudes to immigration and cultural diversity in Australia".Journal of Sociology 50.1 (2014): 10–
22.
6. "Spirituality in a changing world: Half say faith is 'important' to how they consider society's problems", p. 15
(http://an
gusreid.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/2017.05.17-Faith-W ave-1-Part2.pdf)
7. Marina L. Smith, "The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) at the U.S.–Canadian Border
, 1893–1993: An
Overview of Issues and Topics", Michigan Historical Review26, No. 2 (Fall 2000), 127–147.
8. Hall, "Clifford Sifton: Immigration and Settlement Policy, 1896–1905".
9. https://www.pier21.ca/wp-content/uploads/files/First_75_Years/research_italians.pdf
10. David Smith, Instilling British Values in the Prairie Provinces", Prairie Forum 6#2 (1981): pp. 129–41.
11. Kent Fedorowich, "Restocking the British World: Empire Migration and Anglo-Canadian Relations, 1919–30,"Britain
and the World (Aug 2016) 9#2 pp 236-269, DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2016.0239 open access
12. Janice Cavell, "The Imperial Race and the Immigration Sieve: The Canadian Debate on Assisted British Migration
and Empire Settlement, 1900–30",Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History34#3 (2006): pp. 345–67.
13. Kurt Korneski, "Britishness, Canadianness, Class, and Race: Winnipeg and the British o
Wrld, 1880s–1910s",
Journal of Canadian Studies41#2 (2007): pp. 161–84.
14. Colin Singer (June 15, 2015)."Canada: Canada Citizenship Reform: A Comparative Analysis"(http://www.mondaq.c
om/canada/x/404800/general+immigration/Canada+Citizenship+Reform+A+Comparative+Analysis) . CCIRC
(Canadian Citizenship & Immigration Resource Center)
. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
15. "Canadian Citizenship: Second Wave Of Changes Take Effect October 11, 2017 (Includes Audio) - Immigration -
Canada" (http://www.mondaq.com/canada/x/634656/work+visas/Canadian+Citizenship+Second+W ave+Of+Change
s+Take+Effect+October+11+2017+Includes+Audio). www.mondaq.com. Retrieved 2018-02-14.
16. Statistics Canada (http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo03.htm?sdi=immigration)Archived (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20080108010629/http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo03.htm?sdi=immigration) 2008-01-08 at the
Wayback Machine. – immigration from 1851 to 2001
17. Cook, Tim. "Mackenzie King and the War Effort" (http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mackenzie-king-
and-the-war-effort/). The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2018-02-14.
18. Annual Immigration by Category(http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/statistics/menu-fact.asp), Citizenship and
Immigration Canada. Retrieved July 12, 2006.
19. When immigration goes awry(https://www.thestar.com/Canada2020/article/106702)Archived (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20130116060741/http://www.thestar.com/Canada2020/article/106702)2013-01-16 at the Wayback Machine.,
Toronto Star, 14 July 2006. Retrieved 5 August 2006.
20. Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship."Immigrate as a Quebec-selected skilled worker - Canada.ca"(http
s://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/quebec-skilled-workers.html)
.
www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2018-03-19.
21. Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship."Who can apply – Canadian Experience Class (Express Entry) -
Canada.ca" (https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/b
ecome-candidate/eligibility/canadian-experience-class.html)
. www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2018-03-19.
22. Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship."Immigrant Investor Venture Capital Pilot Program - Canada.ca" (ht
tps://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/immigrant-investor-venture-cap
ital.html). www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2018-03-19.
23. Citizenship & Immigration Canada: "Facts and figures 2010 – Immigration overview: Permanent and temporary
residents" (http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/statistics/facts2010/permanent/01.asp)Archived (https://web.archi
ve.org/web/20111122052956/http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/statistics/facts2010/permanent/01.asp)2011-
11-22 at the Wayback Machine. Cic.gc.ca, retrieved November 17, 2011
24. Moving2Canada Working Holiday Visa in Canada guide (http://moving2canada.com/immigration-to-canada/working-
holiday-visa-in-canada/)retrieved March 24, 2016
25. "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120103232452/https://eservicesak.cic.gc.ca/rescalc/resCalcStartNe
w.do?&lang=en). Archived from the original (https://eservicesak.cic.gc.ca/rescalc/resCalcStartNew
.do?&lang=en) on
2012-01-03. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
26. Offering "Express Entry" to Qualified Economic Immigrants - Actively Recruiting T
alented Newcomers For the Benefit
of Canada’s Economy. (Archived) (http://news.gc.ca/web/article-en.do?nid=836509)Government of Canada, April 8,
2014.
27. Moving2Canada Express Entry guide(http://moving2canada.com/immigration-to-canada/express-entry-canada/)
January 30, 2016
28. Chisholm, McMillan LLP-Damon; Kuehn, Scott."BC Government Targets Foreign Buyers withMassive Tax Hike -
Lexology" (https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=4f2cf07f-5424-41b4-8560-b14d99bccfe7)
. Lexology.com.
Retrieved 19 August 2017.
29. Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship."Find out if you're eligible – Refugee status from inside Canada -
Canada.ca" (https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/refugees/claim-protection-inside-c
anada/eligibility.html). www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2018-04-04.
30. Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship."Find out if you're eligible – Refugee status from inside Canada -
Canada.ca" (https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/refugees/claim-protection-inside-c
anada/eligibility.html). www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2018-04-04.
31. Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship."Find out if you're eligible – Refugee status from inside Canada -
Canada.ca" (https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/refugees/claim-protection-inside-c
anada/eligibility.html). www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2018-04-04.
32. Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship."Find out if you're eligible – Refugee status from inside Canada -
Canada.ca" (https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/refugees/claim-protection-inside-c
anada/eligibility.html). www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2018-04-04.
33. Arbel, Efrat (2013-03-01)."Shifting Borders and the Boundaries of Rights: Examining the Safe Third Country
Agreement between Canada and the United States"(https://academic.oup.com/ijrl/article/25/1/65/1549489) .
International Journal of Refugee Law. 25 (1): 65–86. doi:10.1093/ijrl/eet002 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fijrl%2Feet00
2). ISSN 0953-8186 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0953-8186).
34. Marwah, Sonal; Ball, Michelle (Autumn 2017). "Is the Safe Third Country Agreement putting refugee claimants at
risk?". Ploughshares Monitor. 38 (3): 5–9 – via Political Science Complete.
35. Foster, Michelle (Fall 2008). "Responsibility Sharing or Shifting? "Safe" Third Countries and International Law".
refuge. 25 (2): 64–78 – via Academic Search Complete.
36. Dawson, Carrie. "Refugee Hotels: The Discourse of Hospitality and the Rise of Immigration Detention in Canada"
(ht
tp://www.crossref.org/iPage?doi=10.3138%2Futq.83.4.826). University of Toronto Quarterly. 83 (4): 826–846.
doi:10.3138/utq.83.4.826 (https://doi.org/10.3138%2Futq.83.4.826).
37. Dawson, Carrie. "Refugee Hotels: The Discourse of Hospitality and the Rise of Immigration Detention in Canada"
(ht
tp://www.crossref.org/iPage?doi=10.3138%2Futq.83.4.826). University of Toronto Quarterly. 83 (4): 826–846.
doi:10.3138/utq.83.4.826 (https://doi.org/10.3138%2Futq.83.4.826).
38. Silverman, Stephanie J.; Molnar, Petra (2016-03-01). "Everyday Injustices: Barriers to Access to Justice for
Immigration Detainees in Canada"(https://academic.oup.com/rsq/article/35/1/109/2362561) . Refugee Survey
Quarterly. 35 (1): 109–127. doi:10.1093/rsq/hdv016 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Frsq%2Fhdv016). ISSN 1020-4067 (h
ttps://www.worldcat.org/issn/1020-4067).
39. "Canadians want illegal immigrants deported: poll"(http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=f86690e
d-a2ed-447c-8be8-21ba5a3dd922). Ottawa Citizen. CanWest MediaWorks Publications Inc. 20 October 2007.
Retrieved 2010-10-18.
40. http://newobserveronline.com/49775-fake-refugees-invader-canada-in-2017/
41. "James Bissett: Stop bogus refugees before they get in"(http://www.canada.com/story.html?id=4e443e18-dc44-4128
-bf17-ba209ba470f3). National Post. 27 September 2007. Retrieved 2015-09-04.
42. "Canada has lost track of 41,000 illegals: Fraser"(http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20080506/a
g_report_080506/20080506?hub=T opStories). CTV.ca. 2008-05-06. Retrieved 2011-01-25.
43. OAG 2008 May Report of the Auditor General of Canada(http://www.oag-bvg.gc.ca/internet/English/parl_oag_20080
5_07_e_30703.html)
44. https://www.fraserinstitute.org/article/canadas-immigration-system-deeply-flawed
45. "Citizenship and Immigration Canada, Facts and Figure"(http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/publications/annual-
report-2016/index.asp). Cic.gc.ca. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. 2016. Retrieved Oct 31, 2016.
46. "Projections of the Diversity of the Canadian Population"(http://www.statcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=g
etSurvey&SDDS=5126&lang=en&db=imdb&adm=8&dis=2) . Statistics Canada. March 9, 2010. Retrieved
2010-03-15.
47. "Parties prepare to battle for Immigrant votes"(https://web.archive.org/web/20100316052329/http://www
.ctv.ca/servl
et/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20100314/Minority_Report_100314/20100314?hub=Canada) . CTV.ca. 2010-03-14.
Archived from the original (http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20100314/Minority_Report_10031 4/
20100314?hub=Canada)on 2010-03-16. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
48. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/T
able.cfm?Lang=E&T=21&Geo=01&SO=4D
49. "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121230050756/http://www .cic.gc.ca/english/resources/statistics/facts
2011/permanent/10.asp). Archived from the original (http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/statistics/facts2011/perm
anent/10.asp) on 2012-12-30. Retrieved 2013-01-10.
50. "American UVic prof forced to leave Canadaafter immigration rules son's autism too big a taxpayer burden"(http://c
a.news.yahoo.com/blogs/dailybrew/american-uvic-prof-forced-leave-canada-immigration-rules-175808035.html) .
Daily Brew. March 31, 2012.
51. "Family faces deportation over son's autism"(https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/1005102--family-faces-de
portation-over-son-s-autism). Toronto Star. June 9, 2011.
52. "Harper says foreign worker program is being fixed - PM defends recent changes to EI and foreign worker program"
(http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/story/2013/05/07/pol-cp-temporary-foreign-workers.html)
. CBC News. 2013-05-07.
53. "What makes us Canadian? A study of values, beliefs, priorities and identity"
(http://angusreid.org/canada-values/).
The Angus Reid Institute. 3 October 2016. Retrieved 2016-11-09.
54. "Canadians aren't as accepting as we think — and we can't ignore it, writes Angus Reid"
(http://www.cbc.ca/news/ca
nada/angus-reid-poll-canadian-values-immigration-1.3789223).
55. "Settlement Worker - Alternative Jobs"(http://settlement.org/alternative-jobs/social-worker/settlement-worker/)
.
settlement.org.
56. "David Suzuki and Jason Kenney amplify each other"(https://www.theglobeandmail.com/commentary/editorials/davi
d-suzuki-and-jason-kenney-amplify-each-other/article13205288/)
. The Globe and Mail. Toronto. 2013-07-15.
Retrieved 2013-10-04.

Further reading

History
Adelman, Howard; Borowski, Allan; Burstein, Meyer; and Foster
, Lois, eds. Immigration and Refugee Policy:
Australia and Canada Compared(1996)
Avery, Donald H. Reluctant Host: Canada's Response to Immigrant Workers, 1896–1994
(1996)
Carment, David; Bercuson, David Jay (2008),The World in Canada: Diaspora, Demography
, and Domestic Politics,
McGill-Queen's Univ. Press, ISBN 9780773532960
 Dirks, Gerald E (May 1, 1977),Canada's Refugee Policy: Indifference or Opportunism?
, McGill-Queen's University
Press, ISBN 978-0-7735-0296-3
Hall, D.J. (1977), Howard Palmer, ed., "Clifford Sifton: Immigration and Settlement Policy
, 1896–1905", The
Settlement of the West, pp. 60–85
Hawkins, Freda (1990),Critical Years in Immigration: Canada and Australia Compared, McGill-Queen's Press
Kelley, Ninette; Trebilcock, Michael J. (2010),The Making of the Mosaic: A History of Canadian Immigration Policy
(2nd ed.), University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-0-8020-9536-7
Knowles, Valerie (2008), Strangers at Our Gates: Canadian Immigration and Immigration Policy
, 1540–2006 a
standard scholarly history
Lacroix, Patrick (2016). "FromStrangers to 'Humanity First': Canadian Social Democracy and Immigration Policy
,
1932-1961". Canadian Journal of History. 51 (1): 58–82. doi:10.1353/cnh.2016.0028.
McLean, Lorna "'To Become Part of Us': Ethnicity, Race, Literacy and the Canadian Immigration Act of 1919",
Canadian Ethnic Studies, 36#2 (2004): pp. 1–28.
Magocsi, Paul R (1999),Encyclopedia of Canada's peoples
Powell, John (2005), Encyclopedia of North American Immigration, Facts On File, ISBN 0-8160-4658-1
Timlin, Mabel F (November 1960), "Canada'sImmigration Policy, 1896-1910", Canadian Journal of Economics and
Political Science, 26 (4), pp. 517–532, JSTOR 138931 in JSTOR
Walker, Barrington (2008), The History of Immigration and Racism in Canada: Essential Readings
, Canadian
Scholars' Press, ISBN 978-1-55130-340-6

Guides
Adu-Febiri, Francis (2009),Succeeding from the margins of Canadian society: a strategic resource for new
immigrants, refugees and international students
, CCB Pub, ISBN 978-1-926585-27-7
Kranc, Benjamin A; Constantin, Elena (2004),Getting into Canada: How to Make a Successful Application for
Permanent Residence, How To Books, ISBN 1-85703-929-7
DeRocco, John F. Chabot (2008), From Sea to Sea to Sea: A Newcomer's Guide to Canada
, Full Blast Productions,
ISBN 978-0-9784738-4-6
Driedger, Leo; Halli, Shivalingappa S. (1999), Immigrant Canada: Demographic, Economic, and Social Shallenges
,
University of Toronto Press, ISBN 0-8020-4276-7
Moens, Alexander; Collacott, Martin (2008),Immigration Policy and the Terrorist Threat in Canada and the United
States, Fraser Institute, ISBN 978-0-88975-235-1, archived from the original on 2012-12-01
Noorani, Nick; Noorani, Sabrina (2008),Arrival Survival Canada: A Handbook for New Immigrants
, Oxford University
Press, ISBN 978-0-19-542891-9

External links
History of Canadian immigration at Marianopolis College
Moving Here, Staying Here: The Canadian Immigrant Experienceat Library and Archives Canada
Immigration from Canada to Belgium
Going to Canada - Immigration Portal: A source of free and useful information for newcomers and prospective
immigrants to Canada.
Be Aware! Canadian import laws
Multicultural Canada website

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Canada&oldid=837615321

"

This page was last edited on 21 April 2018, at 22:59.

Text is available under theCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this
site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of theWikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.