GENERAL BIOLOGY 10.
Viruses are strands of nucleic acids that are encased within
(PART 3)
1. Enzymes are protein catalysts in organisms' bodies that
permit them to carry out chemical reactions at relatively low
temperatures. An enzyme is specific because only few kinds of
substrate molecules fit in its activity site. Which of the
following statements about enzymes is FALSE?
a. enzymes catalyze only a particular reaction of specific
substrates
b. enzymes usually work only in a particular pH range
c. enzymes increase the energy of the reactant molecules
d. enzymes bind their substrates and hold them in a particular
orientation
2. This process is essential if the two cells produced as a result
of mitosis are to have a full complement of genes.
a. Replication c. Nondisjunction
b. Cytokinesis d. Synapsis
3. Which of the following result is the complete oxidation of
the substrate to ATP + CO2 + H2O?
a. Glycolysis c. Fermentation
b. Aerobic respiration d. Anaerobic respiration
4. Enzymes are important to the life of cells because they
a. Speed up chemical reactions in the cells.
b. Increase the amount of products of chemical reaction
c. Provide the energy necessary for reactions to occur
d. Provide the substance for the reactions in the cells.
5. Which of the following is true about catalysed reactions in
cell?
a. The catalyst itself becomes involved in the reaction
b. The catalytic efficiency of enzymatic reaction is extremely
high
c. The catalytic efficiency of enzymatic reactions is moderately
low
d. Enzymes cause uniform reaction
6. Which of the following is most likely to occur when a cell is
placed in a hypertonic solution?
a. Hemolysis
b. Plasmolysis
c. An increase in turgor pressure inside the cell
d. A decrease in solute concentration inside the cell
7. Fatty acids are broken down initially by a process known as:
a. Glycolysis c. Transamination
b. Beta-oxidation d. Pentose phosphate pathway
8. Which of the ff. characterizes Parthenogenesis?
a. An individual may change it sex during its lifetime
b. Specialized groups of cells may be released and grown into
new individuals
c. An organism is first a male then a female
d. An egg develops without being fertilized
9. Why is penicillin generally toxic to bacteria but not to
animals?
a. bacteria are among the lowest forms of organisms
b. bacteria have less amount of protoplasm
c. most animals have an enzyme that can inactivate penicillin
d. animal cells do not have cell walls
a protein coat, but no virus grows nor replicates on its own.
They are fragments of either DNA or RNA but not both that
have become detached from the genomes of bacteria and
eukaryotes. They have no ability to replicate within cells. They
are nonliving and are not considered organisms. Virus particles
contain enzymes for ___.
a. energy production
b. invasion of a host cell
c. protein synthesis and sexual reproduction
d. replication either own nucleic acids
11. Which of the following reactions prevails in red blood cells
travelling through pulmonary capillaries?
a. Hb + 4O2 → Hb(O2)4
b. Hb + 4CO2 → Hb (CO2)4
c. Hb (CO2)4 → Hb + 4CO2
d. CO2 + H2O → H2CO3
For nos. 12-13, refer to the ff. information:
The left nerve trunk supplying nerve fibers to some muscles
was isolated in an animal. The nerve trunk illustrated below
shows two swellings, ganglia AL and BL where nerve cells and
synopses are possibly located.
To determine were along the nerve trunk the synapses of the
nerve fibers to the muscles are located, the ff. procedures
were done
Step 1. The nerve trunk was stimulated at point L 1 L2 and L3 at
one time, using a constant strength of electric current.
Following each stimulation the muscle contracted.
Step 2. A chemical which can permanently prevent
transmission of excitation across the synapses as applied to
ganglion BL. Restimulation of the nerve trunk using the same
strength of electrical stimulus gave the ff. results:
At point L1 and L2= no contraction of the muscle
At point L3= contraction of the muscle.
Step 3. The right nerve trunk of an animal was isolated.
Step 4. Stimulation of the right nerve at point R1 and R2, one
at a time resulted in the contraction of muscle each time.
Step 5. After application of the chemical at AR stimulation at R1,
using the same strength of electricity as before, showed
contraction of the muscle.
12. What assumption must be made in order to draw
conclusion from the result?
a. The muscles are supplied by the nerve fibers which form
synapses at ganglia A and B
b. The muscles are supplied by the nerve fibers which form
ganglia at B only
c. The right and left nerve trunks are anatomically similar
d. The right and left nerve trunks are anatomically different
13. The experimental variable in this experiment is the:
a. The strength of the electrical stimulus
b. Dose of the applied chemical
c. Contraction of the muscles
d. Site of the application of the chemical
14. The graph above shows the typical change in the number
of circulating blood cells at various times after exposure to a
moderate dose of radiation. What is the best conclusion that
can be drawn from the graph?
a. The granulocytes are the most radio-resistant of all blood
cells because of their rapid recovery
b. The lymphocytes are the most susceptible to radiation since
their number drops with doses as low as 3-15 rads
c. The erythrocytes are less radio-resistant than granulocytes
d. Platelets are as resistant to radiation as the granulocytes
15. Johnny lacerated his arm and rushed home to Mom so she
could “fix it”. His mother poured hydrogen peroxide over the
area and it bubbled vigorously where it came in contact with
the wound. Since you can expect that the cells were ruptured
in the injured area, which of the ff. do you think is NOT
happening here?
a. peroxisomes are ruptured
b. catalysis of the ruptured peroxisomes converts H2O2 to
water.
c. free oxygen gas causes the bubbling
d. none of the above
16. Kareen had a nervous habit of chewing on the inner lining
of his lip with his front teeth. The lip grew thicker and thicker
from years of continual irritation. Kareen’s dentist noticed his
greatly thickened lip, then told him to have it checked to see if
the thickening was a tumor. What would be most likely
revealed by a biopsy?
a. hyperplasia c. aplasia
b. neoplasia d. none of the above
17. Joe accidentally touched a hot pan. His arm jerked back
and an instant later, he felt a burning pain. How would you
explain that his arm moved before he felt the pain?
a. his limbic system blocked the pain momentarily, but the
important pain signals eventually got through.
b. his response was a spinal cord reflex that occurred before
the pain signals got to pain
c. it took a while for his brain to search long term memory &
figure out what was going on
d. the automatic nervous system responded to the danger
because the brain was too busy to react quickly
18. Where does a plant obtain the carbon that contributes to
its mass?
a. The carbon enters the roots in solution.
b. The carbon is taken up from soil particles.
c. The carbon is fixed by symbiotic bacteria.
d. The carbon enters the leaves as a gas.
19. Meiosis differs from mitosis in that
I. Two cell divisions take place.
II. DNA replicates during interphase.
III. Haploid cells are produced from diploid cells.
a. I only
b. II only
c. I and III only
d. I and II only
20. What is the function of a lysosome’s membrane?
a. It isolates an acidic environment for the lysosome’s
hydrolytic enzymes from the neutral pH of the cytoplasm.
b. It is continuous with the nuclear membrane, thereby linking
the lysosome with the endoplasmic reticulum.
c. It is used as an alternative site of protein synthesis.
d. The cytochrome carriers of the electron transport chain are
embedded within it.
21. Cells that are involved in active transport, such as cells of
the intestinal epithelium, utilize large quantities of ATP. In such
cells, there are
a. high levels of adenylate cyclase activity
b. many polyribosomes
c. many mitochondria
d. high levels of DNA synthesis
22. In the speculation concerning the origins of life, one theory
states that purines, pyrimidines, sugars and phospates
combined to form
a. nucelotides
b. nucleosides
c. carbohydrates
d. proteins
23. Which of the following organic molecules found in living
cells are not soluble in water?
a. carbohydrates c. amino acids
b. nucleic acids d. fatty acids
24. Which of the following are present in both prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells.
a. Lipid-protein cell walls
b. Cytoplasmic and nuclear regions
c. Distinct nuclear envelopes
d. Circular chromosomes of DNA

25. Organic molecules are ones that always contain
a. Carbon and Nitrogen
b. Hydrogen and Carbon
c. Hydrogen and Phosporus
d. Carbon and Potassium
26. Which is not a principle of the Cell theory?
a. All matter consists of one cell.
b. cells are the basic units of life.
c. All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
d. All organisms are made of one or more cells
27. Oxidative metabolism is carried out ____ of mitochondria.
a. in the intermembrane space
b. on the surface of the inner membrane
c. in the inside of the outer membrane
d. in the matrix
28. Passage through pores in the nuclear envelope is restricted
primarily to
a. proteins, RNA, and protein-RNA complexes
b. lipids and glycolipids
c. DNA and RNA
d. RNA and protein-carbohydrate complexes
29. Within chloroplasts, light is captured by
a. grana within cisternae
b. thylakoids within grana
c. cisternae within grana
d. grana within thylakoids
30. The cytoplasm of a bacterium
a. is supported by the cytoskeleton
b. is supported by microtubules
c. is supported by keratin
d. has no internal support structure
31. The endosymbiotic theory explains
a. the origin of all organelles in eukaryotic cells
b. how bacterial cells can invade eukaryotic cells and cause
disease
c. how mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-
living cells
d. how eukaryotic cells consume food
32. To cross the cell membrane, water must
a. squeeze between phospholipid molecules
b. pass through aquaporins
c. be transported at the expense of ATP
d. be moved by a cotransport system
33. A net gain of water tends to occur
a. in a hypoosmotic solution from an isosmotic solution
b. in an isosmotic solution from a hyperosmotic solution
c. in a hyperosmotic solution from a hypoosmotic solution
d. in a hypoosmotic solution from a hyperosmotic solution
34. Equilibrium is reached in an aqueous solution when
a. random motion stops
b. water molecules and dissolved molecules are moving at the
same rate
c. the dissolved molecules or ions are equally distributed
throughout the solution
d. molecular motion stops
35. Substances transported by facilitated diffusion
a. move passively through specific channels from an area of
greater concentration to one of lower concentration
b. are limited to solvents
c. must have movements coupled to those of other substances
d. may flow to a region of higher concentration by the
expenditure of energy
36. Threonine, an amino acid, and arabinose, a
monosaccharide, cross the cell membrane down their
concentration gradients by:
a. diffusion.
b. endocytosis.
c. phosphorylation.
d. facilitated diffusion.
37. A contractile vacuole is an organelle that pumps excess
water out of many freshwater protozoan cells. A freshwater
protozoan was placed in solution A and observed to form
contractile vacuoles at a rate of 11 per minute. The same
protozoan was then placed in solution B and observed to form
contractile vacuoles at a rate of 4 per minute. Based on this
information, which of the following statements is correct?
a. Solution A is hyperosmotic to solution B.
b. Solutions A and B are isosmotic.
c. Solution B is hyperosmotic to solution A.
d. Solutions A and B are isosmotic to the protozoan cell.
38. ATP is required in the transport of
a. water molecules
b. all molecules across a membrane
c. molecules to areas of lower concentrations
d. molecules to areas of higher concentrations
39. Which of the following is the function of the nuclear
membrane?
a. It controls the activities of the cell.
b. It encloses the cytoplasm
c. It surrounds the nucleus
d. It supplies energy for the cell
40. Plant cells will not break when placed in a container with
plenty of water due to the presence of:
a. A membrane that regulates the flow of water
b. The cell wall that supports the membrane when turgid
c. The cytoplasm that can absorb much water
d. Organelles that expel excess water
41. Which feature is present in eukaryotic cells but not in
prokaryotic cells?
a. Chromosomes c. Nuclear Membrane
b. Cytoplasmic membrane d. Nucleolus
42. Which of the following are present in both prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells?
a. Lipid-protein cell walls
b. Cytoplasmic and nuclear regions
c. Distinct nuclear envelopes
d. Circular chromosomes of DNA
43. The function of manufacturing is common in which of the
following groups of organelles?
a. Microtubules, mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus
b. Chloroplasts, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticula
c. Golgi apparatus, cell membrane, and chloroplasts
d. Ribosomes and chloroplasts
44. What cellular structure is related to protein synthesis?
a. Lysosome c. Mitochondrion
b. Nucleolus d. Golgi apparatus

45. Which of the following is the organism Archips rosana most

closely related to?
a. Rosana pinula c. Pinuta archips
b. Archips fervidiana d. Fervidiana rosana

46. Which of the following explains why green plants do not

grow in oceans at depths greater than 80 meters?
a. The ocean is too cold at this depth.
b. Insufficient sunlight penetrates beyond this depth.
c. The ocean currents are too strong below 80 meters
d. There is insufficient mineral content in waters below this
depth.

47. If all the green plants on earth suddenly died, which gas
would most decline in quantity?
a. Oxygen c. water vapour
b. Nitrogen d. carbon dioxide

48. In function, a paramecium’s food vacuole is the most

analogous to the human:
a. mouth b. esophagus c. small intestine d. anus

49. Which of the ff. is a group which includes the other 3

groups?
a. Ecosystem c. Population
b. Species d. Community

50. In insects, the structure that collects water from the body
fluids is the
a. flame cell system c. nephridium
b. malpighian tubule d. coelomoduct