FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

FLUID MECHANICS II

COURSE 92-320

CLASS TEST #1 2005 10 19 TOTAL TIME: 1.5 HOURS

NOTE: (1) CLOSED BOOK TEST.

(2) BEFORE YOU START WRITING, MAKE SURE THAT THE BOOKLET
CONTAINS 6 PAGES WITH NUMBERS AT THE BOTTOM CENTER OF
THE PAGE.
(3) PRINT YOUR NAME AND STUDENT NUMBER OFN EACH PAGE.
(4) WRITE YOUR ANSWER IN THE SPACE PROVIDED IN TEST BOOKLET.
(5) DO NOT ASK ANY QUESTIONS AS NO ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
WILL BE GIVEN EXCEPT TO CORRECT ANY PRINTING OR TYPING
MISTAKES.

PRINT YOUR NAME:

(First Name) (Last Name)

STUDENT NUMBER: SECTION NUMBER:

TRUE AND FALSE QUESTIONS: (One mark per answer)

(Circle the correct response, TRUE or FALSE)

1. In order to obtain a component of the velocity vector in a particular direction you must take the
derivative of the stream function in a direction that is 90 degrees clockwise to the direction of the
velocity component. ( TRUE / FALSE ).

2. The velocity at a point half way between the outer pipe and inner pipe in fully developed laminar,
steady flow in an annulus is the maximum value of the velocity ( TRUE / FALSE ).

3. The velocity profile in the laminar sub-layer is parabolic in shape ( TRUE / FALSE ).

4. The stream function is a constant on a streamline in two-dimensional flow. ( TRUE / FALSE ).

5. Potential flow predicts the maximum velocity on the surface of a circular cylinder to be at an
angle of 90 degrees from the leading edge of the cylinder. ( TRUE / FALSE ).

1
 PRINT: ______________________________ STUDENT # ______________________
(First Name) (Last Name)

FILL IN THE BLANKS: (One mark per blank)

(Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word/number or mathematical expression.)

1. The volumetric dilation rate is ________________ for an incompressible fluid.

τW
2. The term is called the friction or shear ________________________.
ρ
3. The technique for obtaining complicated flow solutions by using the combination of simple
potential flow solutions makes use of the method of _________________________.

4. The total acceleration is equal to the ____________________ plus the local acceleration.

5. In the case of fully developed turbulent flow in a pipe, the region in which the equation
−
u 1   yu *  
=  ln  − ln β  is applicable is referred to as the ______________________ region.
u *
α  ν  

6. For flow through an inclined pipe the equations developed for horizontal pipes can be used if
dP/dx is replaced by __________________________.

7. Laminar flow between parallel plates with one plate fixed and the other one moving is called
____________________ flow.

8. In an ____________________ flow the vorticity is equal to zero.

9. The region of pipe flow in which there is no change in the velocity profile along the length of the
pipe is called the fully _____________________ region.

10. The type of motion that a fluid particle can experience, in general, is __________________,
linear deformation, rotation and angular deformation.

MULTIPLE-CHOICE PROBLEMS:(Two marks per answer)

(Circle the Letter Beside the Most Correct Answer in the Questions Below.)

1. Prandtl’s mixing length is

a. independent of radial distance from the pipe axis
b. independent of shear stress
c. zero at the pipe wall
d. a universal constant
e. useful for computing laminar flow problems

2
 PRINT: ______________________________ STUDENT # ______________________
(First Name) (Last Name)

2. The boundary condition for steady flow of an ideal fluid is that the:
a. velocity is zero at the boundary
b. velocity is never zero at the boundary
c. velocity component normal to a stationary solid wall is zero
d. tangential component of velocity is zero
e. continuity equation is satisfied

3. Steady, incompressible, laminar flow through a straight circular tube of constant cross-section is
referred to as:
a. Poiseuille flow
b. Couette flow
c. Hagen flow
d. Navier flow
e. Stoke’s flow

4. The velocity potential:

a. is defined for a rotational flow
b. is not a constant on a streamline
c. is constant on a streamline
d. relates velocity and pressure
e. none of the above

5. If at a point in a turbulent flow the intensity of the each fluctuating component (u, v and w) are
the same, the flow is called:
a. simple turbulence
b. homogeneous turbulence
c. isotropic turbulence
d. laminar turbulence
e. independent turbulence

6. If a fluid flows in a laminar manner through a round pipe the shear stress is:
a. zero at the wall and increases parabolically to the center.
b. zero at the wall and increases linearly to the center.
c. maximum at the wall and decreases linearly to zero at the center.
d. constant over the cross-section.
e. none of these answers.

7. A flow field is described by a stream function given by n = y + x, where the stream function has
the units of m2/s with x and y expressed in meters. The magnitude of the volume flow rate per
unit length normal to the xy plane (in m2/s) between the streamlines passing through the points
(x=1m,y=1m) and (x=4m,y=2m) is:
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5

3
 PRINT: ______________________________ STUDENT # ______________________
(First Name) (Last Name)

_____
8. Terms of the form − ρ u' v ' are called
a. laminar stresses
b. Newtonian stresses
c. Reynolds stresses
d. Bernoulli stresses
e. viscous stresses

9. If both the velocity potential N1 and the velocity potential N2 are solutions of the Laplace
equation, which of the following is also a solution?
a. N1 N2
b. N1 / N2
c. N1 + N2
d. N1 2
e. none of the above.

10. The factor that most affects the flow rate of laminar flow through a circular pipe is the:
a. length of the pipe
b. viscosity of the fluid
c. roughness of the pipe wall
d. radius of the pipe
e. pressure gradient along the length of the pipe.

11. A physically possible two-dimensional incompressible flow is given by the following velocity
component pairs:
a. u = 2x 2 + y 2 - x 2 y and v = x 3 + x(y 2 - 2y)
b. u = 2xy - x 2 + y and v = 2xy - y 2 + x 2
2
c. u = 4x - y and v = x - y2
d. u = -x + y and v = x - y2
e. none of the above.

12. A body force is any force that:

a. acts on a free body diagram
b. depends on the surface area of the body on which it acts
c. depends on the shape of the body on which it acts
d. depends on the mass of the body on which it acts
e. none of the above.

13. Which of the following flow fields is irrotational?

a. u = 4xy and v = 2(x 2 - y 2)
b. u = xy and v = x2
c. u = 2y and v = x - y2
2
d. u=y and v=x
e. none of the above.

4
 PRINT: ______________________________ STUDENT # ______________________
(First Name) (Last Name)

14. The Bernoulli equation can be applied between any two points in the flow field if the flow is:
a. inviscid
b. steady
c. incompressible
d. irrotational
e. all of the above

15. When a circular cylinder with a hole in the surface is placed in a uniform stream of fluid flow as
shown below, potential flow predicts that the angle, ", required to produce a pressure in the hole
equal to the free stream pressure is:
a. 180 degrees
b. 0 degrees
c. 120 degrees
d. 30 degrees
e. 45 degrees

SHORT NUMERICAL PROBLEMS:(5 Marks per question)

(Answer these problems in the space allotted.)

1. A velocity field has the following velocity components (u = 2y, v = 0, w = 0). Determine the
circulation around the closed circuit shown below.

5
 PRINT: ______________________________ STUDENT # ______________________
(First Name) (Last Name)

2. The mean velocity in a turbulent pipe flow is equal to 0.01 m/s at a distance of 0.001 m from the
pipe wall, which is know to lie in the laminar sub-layer. Estimate the thickness of the laminar
sub-layer if the kinematic viscosity of the fluid is 1.2 x 10-6 m2/s.

3. A fluid with a density of 680 kg/m3 and viscosity of 9 x 10-4 NAs/m2 flows through a 250 mm
diameter pipe at an average velocity of 10 m/s. What is the velocity of the fluid at a distance of
25 mm in from the pipe wall if the pipe roughness is 0.26 mm and the shear stress at the wall is
168.3 Pa?