SMART TRASH SYSTEM

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements

of the degree, of

Bachelor of Engineering
By

SACHIN HIRAN BE-7 18

MANDEEP SINGH KAKAD BE-7 25
SHUBHAM KOCHALE BE-7 28
YOGESH MANE BE-7 31

Under the guidance of

Mrs. Gauri Chavan

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SHAH AND ANCHOR KUTCHHI ENGINEERING

COLLEGE
MUMBAI UNIVERSITY
2017-2018
www.shahandanchor.com Tel: 022 2558 0854
Mahavir Education Trust’s
SHAH & ANCHOR KUTCHHI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Mahavir Education Trust Chowk, W.T. Patil Marg, Chembur, Mumbai 400 088
Affiliated to University of Mumbai, Approved by D.T.E. & A.I.C.T.E.
Awarded provisional accreditation for Computer & Electronics Engineering by NBA
(for 2 years from 06-08-2014)

Certificate
This is to certify that the report of the project entitled

SMART TRASH SYSTEM

is a bonafide work of
SACHIN HIRAN BE-7 18
MANDEEP SINGH KAKAD BE-7 25
SHUBHAM KOCHALE BE-7 28
YOGESH MANE BE-7 31
submitted to the
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
during semester VIII in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

_________________________
(Mrs.Gauri Chavan)
Internal Guide

_______________________ ________________________
(Ms. T. P. Vinutha) (Dr. Bhavesh Patel)
I/c Head of Department Principal
 Project Report Approval for B. E.

This project report entitled "Smart Trash System by Sachin Hiran, Mandeep Singh
Kakad, Shubham Kochale, Yogesh Mane is approved for the degree of Bachelor of
Engineering.

Name and Signature of the Examiner

1. ----------------------------------
2. ----------------------------------

Date:

Place:
 Declaration
I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my own words and where others' ideas or words
have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. I also declare that I have
adhered to all principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or
falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my submission. I understand that any violation of the above will be cause
for disciplinary action by the Institute and can also evoke penal action from the sources which have thus not
been properly cited or from whom proper permission has not been taken when needed.

-------------------------------------------
(Signature)
Sachin Hiran

-------------------------------------------
(Signature)
Mandeep Singh Kakad

-------------------------------------------
(Signature)
Shubham Kochale

-------------------------------------------
(Signature)
Yogesh Mane
 ABSTRACT
In the present day with increase in population, the scenario of cleanliness with respect to garbage
management is degrading tremendously, many times we see that the garbage bins or dustbin
are placed at public places in the cities are overflowing due to increase in the waste every day.
It creates unhygienic condition for the people and creates bad smell around the surroundings
this leads in spreading some deadly diseases and human illness, to avoid such a situation we
have designed “Smart Trash System”. In this system there are dustbins located throughout the
city or the Campus, these dustbins are provided with low cost embedded device which helps in
tracking the level of the garbage bins and gases like methane, butane etc. are present or not.
When the level reaches the threshold limit, the device will indicate the level of the garbage
along with the presences of gases and these details can be accessed by the concern authorities
from their place with the help of Internet and an immediate action can be made to clean the
dustbins. The driver would then go to specified location and collect the garbage. With the help
of this system, we can provide solution to the current issues in Garbage Management System.
We are using a webpage in this project, so continuous monitoring of garbage bins will help to
keep environment clean and safe.
List of Figures

1.1 Smart Trash System 2

1.2 Main goal for Smart City concept 3
1.3 Statistics of municipal waste generated in different cities of India 4
3.1 Basic architecture of Smart Trash System 8
3.2 Flow of Smart Trash System 10
4.1 Arduino UNO 12
4.2 Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SRO4) 13
4.3 MQ-6 sensor 15
4.4 Structure and Configuration of MQ-6 sensor 16
4.5 ESP8266 WiFi Module 17
6.1 WiFi connection 23
6.2 While connecting to Android phone/PC/Laptop 24
6.3 Status of the garbage bins 25
7.1 Smart City 27
Table of Contents

1. Introduction 1
1.1 Objective 2
1.2 Problem Statement 3
1.3 Methodology Used 4
1.4 Organization of Report 5

2. Literature Survey 6

3. Smart Trash System Architecture 8

3.1 Block Diagram Description 9
3.2 Bin Structure
3.3 Process Flow Model 11
3.4 Circuit Diagram

4. Hardware Description 12
4.1 Arduino UNO 12
4.1.1 Specifications 12
4.2 Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 13
4.2.1 Electric Parameters 14
4.3 MQ-6 Gas sensor 14
4.3.1 Characteristics 15
4.3.2 Applications 15
4.3.3 Structure and configuration 15
4.4 Wi-Fi module ESP8266 16

5. Software Description 18
5.1 Arduino Software IDE 18
5.2 PHP 19
5.3 HTML 20
5.4 MySQL 21
5.5 XML 22
5.6 Java 22

6. Programming

7. Results and Analysis 23

7.1 Wi-Fi connection for first time user 23
7.2 Status of dustbins on a web-page

8. Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications 26

8.1 Advantages 26
8.2 Disadvantages 26
8.3 Applications 27
9. Conclusion and Future Scope 30
9.1 Conclusion 30
9.2 Future Scope 31

10. References

11. Acknowledgement

A. Appendix 35
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 OBJECTIVE
Garbage may consist of unwanted materials left over from the manufacturing processes like
industrial, commercial, mining or agricultural operations or from the community and household
activities. “Swachh Bharat Abhiyan”, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, ambitious project to
make India a clean country, aims to teach citizens to reduce and even clean their own waste.
India generates about 60 million tons of trash every year.10 million tons of garbage is generated
in just the metropolitan cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, and
Kolkata. This project is related to the “Smart City” and based on “Internet of Things”(IOT).
So for smart lifestyle, cleanliness is needed, and cleanliness begins with garbage bins. This
project will help to eradicate or minimize the garbage disposal problems.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept in which surrounding objects are connected through
wired and wireless networks without user intervention. In the field of IoT, the objects
communicate and exchange information to provide advanced intelligent services for users.
Smart trash system is a very innovative system which will help to keep the cities clean. For this
the system uses ultrasonic sensors placed over the bins to detect the garbage level and compare
it with the garbage bins depth and shows the percentage of garbage filled in the dustbins, also a
gas sensor is used to detect gases like methane, carbon monoxide and LPG etc. are present or
not in the garbage bins. The system makes use of Atmega328 controller. The webpage displays
the status of garbage level collected in the garbage bins and even indicates the presences of
gases in it. Thus this system helps to keep the city clean by informing about the garbage levels of
the bins to the concern authorities and actions are taken accordingly.
 Figure 1.1: Smart Trash System

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Most countries in the world experience challenges in managing waste. The challenges range
from reducing the generation of waste, separation, change of habits, collection, transport,
treatment, reuse and disposal of the waste. Container is an important player in the field of
waste collection and the maintenance of public areas. Our main goal is to increase efficiency
in the emptying process of containers in terms of logistical costs, customer satisfaction.

1. To improve existing garbage management system with help of sensors and embedded
system.

2. To establish and maintain an on going planning and plan implementation process to

meet current and future needs for the service area based on the state's adopted hierarchy
of waste management's strategies by the use of automated garbage management system.

3. To reduce unwanted overflow of trash.

4. To facilitate timely removal of trash.

1.3 METHODOLOGY USED

Most of the major work that went into the project was in designing the overall system. In
order to design a system, a development methodology was used. A development methodology
prescribed set of activities to be taken in the development of software. It is referred to as a
“development process.” Development of a major software product, especially by teams,
requires the coordination of personnel and resources. Programming in software development
focuses on specific objectives which is desired for an optimum result. The use of
programming in software engineering development facilities eases coordination in team
development. Commonly involved in this design process are graphical models, depicting the
use of the system as a whole, as well as how individual parts of the system work together. The
first phase of development involved analyzing the requirements of the project, and producing
a set of analysis-level models. The goal at this phase of the design process was to identify the
users of the system and how these users interacted with the system. Upon completion of the
analysis-level models, the development moved into the implementation phase, where the
actual code was written and tested. Modules were constructed by individual team members
then integrated to form the complete system. Testing followed after completion of the module
development and maintenance was actually carried out.

1.4 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT

A brief chapter by chapter overview is presented here.

Chapter 1: This chapter explains main motive to choose this project. The theory from which
project is originated is discussed. The problem to be solved by means of the project is
illustrated.

Chapter 2: A literature survey on different technologies used for this system and a brief
description of hardware components used.

Chapter 3: Garbage Monitoring System architecture and the process flow model is described
in this chapter.

Chapter 4: A brief description of hardware components has been done

Chapter 5: A brief description of software used.

Chapter 6: Connections of various components with each other.

Chapter 7: Various advantages, disadvantages and applications of Smart Trash System had
been discussed.

Chapter 8: Project's road map, Literature review, hardware setup along with testing stage and
final stage is discussed.

Chapter 9: Conclusion and discussion on future course for this system has been done.

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Smart Trash System is a very innovative system which will help to keep the cities clean.
 This system monitors the garbage bin and informs about the level and the presences of gases
like methane, carbon monoxide and LPG etc. in the garbage bins via webpage. For this, the
system uses ultrasonic sensors and gas sensors placed over the bins to detect the garbage
level and presence of harmful gases in the garbage bins and compare it with the garbage
bins depth. Garbage management is a major challenge in urban areas throughout the world.
The urbanization, industrialization and an increase in economic status and activities have
increased the quantity of garbage and altered its contents. So for smart lifestyle, cleanliness
is needed, and cleanliness begins with garbage bins. This project will help to eradicate or
minimize the garbage disposal problems. This system can be implemented using Ultra-sonic
sensor, gas sensor micro-controller, Wi-Fi module and a webpage. In this project we are
going to implement using Iot because IoT allows objects to be sensed and/or controlled
remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct
integration of the physical world into computer-based systems, and resulting in improved
efficiency, accuracy and economic benefits in addition to reduced human intervention and it
uses a wireless network designed to allow long-range communication at a low data rate,
reducing power and cost for transmission is also less which is the major requirement for
“Smart City” project.[8]

In this project we are using Arduino Uno, a microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins(of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6
analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header
and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller, simply
connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with
a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. Arduino is a high level language which has lot
of libraries and large number of examples. Arduino is very easy to code and interface with
sensors and main thing is its open source which makes it the best. Its ready to use structure
makes it really easy to use. We dont have to take care of burner, fuse settings, Serial
Monitor Softwares. There are also many functions present in the software of Arduino which
makes coding so easy and fast that is not possible with simple microcontroller. Ultrasonic
sensor is

used for detecting the level of the garbage bin with high accuracy and stable readings. It
can measure distance from 2cm to 400cm or from 1 inch to 13 feet. The ultrasonic sensor
enjoys wide popularity due to the powerful mix of low price and high functionality then
optical and IR sensors. For detecting the presences of gases in the garbage bins we our
using MQ-6 sensor, this sensor detects the presence of various gases such as carbon
monoxide, methane and LPG etc. ranging from 100 ppm to 3,000 ppm which normally
generates on decaying of waste products in the garbage bins, creates unhygienic condition for
the people and bad smell around the surroundings which leads to spread of some deadly
diseases and human illness. Here on the webpage, the status of the garbage level and the
presences of gases present in the garbage bins are displayed.[6]

We are using Arduino IDE, since our entire project is based on Arduino which is an open-
source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Thanks to its simple
and accessible user experience. The Arduino software is easy- to-use for beginners, yet
flexible enough for advanced users as compared to micro- controller platforms available for
physical computing. It takes the messy details of micro-controller programming and wrap it
up in an easy-to-use package. The Arduino Software (IDE) runs on Windows, Linux operating
systems etc. whereas most micro-controller systems are limited to Windows. By implementing
this project we will avoid over flowing of garbage from the container in residential areas
which is previously either loaded manually or with the help of loaders in traditional trucks.
Manual loading takes time and reduces the productivity of the vehicles and manpower
deployed. Besides, manual handling of waste poses a threat to the health of the sanitation
workers as the waste is highly contaminated which creates unhygienic condition for the
people and creates bad smell around the surroundings this leads in spreading some deadly
diseases and human illness, to avoid such a situation We have designed “SMART TRASH
SYSTEM”

CHAPTER 3
Smart Trash System Architecture

Smart Trash System is a very innovative system which will help to keep the cities clean. The
basic architecture of Smart Trash System is as follows:
 Figure 3.1 Basic Architecture of Smart Trash System

3.1 Block Diagram Description

The Internet of Things(IoT) is a concept in which surrounding objects are connected through
wired and wireless networks without user intervention. In the field of IoT, the objects
communicate and exchange information to provide advanced intelligent services for users.
First of all we will connect the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor with the Arduino Uno. Connections
of the ultrasonic sensor with the Arduino Uno are very simple. Connect the VCC and the
ground of the ultrasonic sensor to the 5V and the ground of the Arduino board. Then connect
the TRIG and ECHO pin of ultrasonic sensor to the pin 2 and 3 of the Arduino board
respectively. Connections of the gas sensor MQ-6 with the Arduino is quite simple. The 4 pins
of MQ-6 sensor among the 2 are connected to +5V Vcc and Gnd and the other two pins are
namely Digitalout(Do) and Analogout(Ao), connected to the Arduino is Do for viewing the
output as low and high. In Bluetooth Module HC-05, Vcc and Gnd of the module goes to Vcc
and Gnd of Arduino board. The TXD pin goes to RXD pin of Arduino and RXD pin goes to
TXD pin of Arduino i.e.(digital pin 0 and 1) for sending the data through the app to the
webpage. The webpage displays the status of the level of garbage collected and presences of
gases in the bins to the user monitoring it. When the level reaches to 90% a message is send to
the driver informing the same and to take immediate action by sending vehicle for cleaning
the garbage bins at the respective location.

3.2 BIN STRUCTURE

START

Figure 3.2 Bin Structure

Check whether
dustbin is
full=?
3.3 Process Flow Model

Send message to the garbage

collector

Send cleaning vehicles for

cleaning.

Update status of dustbin via

NO webpage in contol room

Yes

Repeat.
3.4 Circuit Diagram
 CHAPTER 4
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
4.1 Arduino UNO

The most common version of Arduino is the Arduino Uno. Uno means "one" in Italian. It is
the basic development board to begin with. The Figure 4.1 shows the pin out of Arduino Uno
Board. The nice thing about Arduino board is that it is relatively cheap, plugs straight into a
computer's USB port, and it is dead-simple to setup and use (compared to other development
boards).

4.1.1 Specifications

1. Micro- controller: AT-mega 328P.

2. Operating Voltage: 5V.
3. Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V.
4. Input Voltage (limits): 6-20V.
5. Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output).
6. Analog Input Pins: 6.
7. DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA.
8. DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA.
9. Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by boot-loader.
10. SRAM: 2 Kb.
11. EEPROM: 1 Kb.
12. Clock Speed: 16MHz.

Figure 4.1: Arduino UNO

Some of the key features of the Arduino Uno include:

1. An open source design. The advantage of it being open source is that it has a large
community of people using and troubleshooting it. This makes it easy to find someone to help
you debug your projects.
2. An easy USB interface. The chip on the board plugs straight into your USB port and
registers on your computer as a virtual serial port. This allows you to interface with it as
through it were a serial device. The benefit of this setup is that serial communication is an
extremely easy (and time-tested) protocol, and USB makes connecting it to modern computers
really convenient.
3. Very convenient power management and built-in voltage regulation. You can connect an
external power source of up to 12v and it will regulate it to both 5v and 3.3v. It also can be
powered directly from the USB port without any external power.
4. 32 KB of ash memory for storing your code.
5. 13 digital pins and 6 analog pins. These pins allow you to connect external hardware to
your Arduino. These pins are key for extending the computing capability of the Arduino into
the real world. Simply plug your devices and
sensors into the sockets that correspond to each of these pins and you are good to go.
6. An ICSP connector for bypassing the USB port and interfacing the Arduino directly as a
serial device. This port is necessary to re-boot load your chip if it corrupts and can no longer
talk to your computer.
7. And last, but not least, a button to reset the program on the chip.

Figure 7: Pin Mapping

The power pins are as follows:
● VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source (as
opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can supply
voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin.
● 5V. The regulated power supply used to power the microcontroller and other components on
the board. This can come either from VIN via an on-board regulator, or be supplied by USB or
another regulated 5V supply.
● 3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50
mA.
● GND. Ground pins.
The ATmega2560 has 256 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which 8 KB is used for
the bootloader), 8 KB of SRAM and 4 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and written with
the EEPROM library).
Input and Output Each of the 54 digital pins on the Mega can be used as an input or output,
using pinMode() , digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each
pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor
(disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions:
● Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX); Serial 1: 19 (RX) and 18 (TX); Serial 2: 17 (RX) and 16 (TX);
Serial 3: 15 (RX) and 14 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. Pins
0 and 1 are also connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial
chip.
● External Interrupts: 2 (interrupt 0), 3 (interrupt 1), 18 (interrupt 5), 19 (interrupt 4), 20
(interrupt 3), and 21 (interrupt 2). These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low
value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for
details. ● PWM: 0 to 13. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function.
● SPI: 50 (MISO), 51 (MOSI), 52 (SCK), 53 (SS). These pins support SPI communication
using the SPI library. The SPI pins are also broken out on the ICSP header, which is physically
compatible with the Uno, Duemilanove and Diecimila.
● LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH
value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.
● I2C: 20 (SDA) and 21 (SCL). Support I2C (TWI) communication using the Wire library
(documentation on the Wiring website). Note that these pins are not in the same location as the
I2C pins on the Duemilanove or Diecimila.
The Mega2560 has 16 analog inputs, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024
different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to
change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and analogReference() function.
There are a couple of other pins on the board:
● AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().
● Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button
to shields which block the one on the board. [www.arduino.cc]

4.2 ULTRASONIC SENSOR (HC-SR04)

Figure 4.2: Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SRO4)

The Ultrasonic Sensor is used to measure the distance with high accuracy and stable readings.
It can measure distance from 2cm to 400cm or from 1 inch to 13 feet. It emits an ultrasound
wave at the frequency of 40 KHz in the air and if the object will come in its way then it will
bounce back to the sensor. By using that time which it takes to strike the object and comes
back, you can calculate the distance. The ultrasonic sensor has four pins. Two are VCC and
GND which will be connected to the 5V and the GND of the Arduino board while the other
two pins are Trig and Echo pins which will be connected to any digital pins of the Arduino
board. The trig pin will send the signal and the echo pin will be used to receive the signal. To
generate an ultrasound signal, you will have to make the trig pin high for about 10us which
will send a 8 cycle sonic burst at the speed of sound and after striking the object, it will be
received by the echo pin.

ELECTRIC PARAMETER:
Working Voltage: DC 5 V.
Working Current: 15 mA.
Working Frequency: 40 KHz.
Max Range: 4 m.
Min Range: 2 cm.
Measuring Angle: 15 degree.
Trigger Input Signal: 10uS TTL pulse.
Echo Output Signal: Input TTL lever signal and the range in proportion.
Dimension: 45*20*15 mm.
4.3 GAS SENSOR (MQ-6)

Sensitive material of MQ-6 gas sensor is SnO2, with lower conductivity in clean air. When the
target combustible gas exist, the sensor’s conductivity is more higher along with the gas
concentration rising. MQ-6 gas sensor has high sensitivity to Propane, Butane and LPG and
also response to Natural gas. The sensor could be used to detect different combustible gas,
especially Methane, it is with low cost and suitable for different applications.

Figure 4.3: MQ-6 sensor

4.3.1 Characteristics
1. Good sensitivity to Combustible gas in wide range.
2. High sensitivity to Propane, Butane and LPG.
3. Long life and low cost.
4. Simple drive circuit.

4.3.2 Application
1. Domestic gas leakage detector.
2. Industrial Combustible gas detector.
3. Portable gas detector.

4.3.3 Structure and Configuration

Structure and configuration of MQ-6 gas sensor is shown as Fig. 4.4, sensor com- posed by
micro AL2O3 ceramic tube, Tin Dioxide (SnO2) sensitive layer, measuring electrode and
heater are fixed into a crust made by plastic and stainless steel net. The heater provides
necessary work conditions for work of sensitive components. The enveloped MQ-6 have 6 pin,
4 of them are used to fetch signals, and other 2 are used for providing heating current.
 Figure 4.4: Structure and Configuration of MQ-6 sensor

Following conditions must be prohibited.

1. Organic silicon steam cause sensors invalid, sensors must be avoid exposing to silicon
bond, fixature, silicon latex, putty or plastic contain silicon environment.
2. If the sensors exposed to high concentration corrosive gas, it will not only result in
corrosion of sensors structure, also it cause sincere sensitivity attenuation.
3. Sensitivity of the sensors will be reduced when spattered or dipped in water.

4. Do avoid icing on sensor’s surface, otherwise sensor would lose sensitivity.

5. Applied voltage on sensor should not be higher than stipulated value, other- wise it
cause down-line or heater damaged, and bring on sensor’s sensitivity characteristic
changed badly.

4.4 WIFI MODULE (ESP8266)

The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip with

full TCP/IPstack and microcontroller capability produced by Shanghai-based Chinese
manufacturer, Espressif Systems.
The chip first came to the attention of western makers in August 2014 with the ESP01 module,
made by a third-party manufacturer, Ai-Thinker. This small module allows microcontrollers to
connect to a Wi-Fi network and make simple TCP/IP connections using Hayes-style
commands. However, at the time there was almost no English-language documentation on the
chip and the commands it accepted. The very low price and the fact that there were very few
external components on the module which suggested that it could eventually be very
inexpensive in volume, attracted many hackers to explore the module, chip, and the software
on it, as well as to translate the Chinese documentation.
The ESP8285 is an ESP8266 with 1 MiB of built-in flash, allowing for single-chip devices
capable of connecting to Wi-Fi.
The successor to these microcontroller chips is the ESP32.

Figure

4.4.1 Features

 Processor: L106 32-bit RISC microprocessor core based on the Tensilica Xtensa
Diamond Standard 106Micro running at 80 MHz†
 Memory:

 32 KiB instruction RAM

 32 KiB instruction cache RAM
 80 KiB user data RAM
 16 KiB ETS system data RAM

 External QSPI flash: up to 16 MiB is supported (512 KiB to 4 MiB typically included)
 IEEE 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi
 Integrated TR switch, balun, LNA, power amplifier and matching network
 WEP or WPA/WPA2 authentication, or open networks
  16 GPIO pins
 UART on dedicated pins, plus a transmit-only UART can be enabled on GPIO2
 10-bit ADC (successive approximation ADC)

4.5 LD1117
4.5.1Features

1. Low dropout voltage (1 V typ.)

2. 2.85 V Device performances are suitable for
3. SCSI-2 active termination
4. Output current up to 800 mA
5. Fixed output voltage of: 1.2 V, 1.8 V, 2.5 V,2.85 V, 3.0 V, 3.3 V, 5.0 V
6. Adjustable version availability (Vref = 1.25 V)
7. Internal current and thermal limit
8. Available in ± 1% (at 25 °C) and 2% in full temperature range
9. Supply voltage rejection: 75 dB (typ.)

Description

The LD1117 is a low drop voltage regulator able to provide up to 800 mA of output current,
available even in adjustable version (VREF = 1.25V). Concerning fixed versions, are offered
the following output voltages: 1.2 V, 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 2.85 V, 3.0 V, 3.3 V and 5.0 V. The 2.85 V
type is ideal for SCSI-2 lines active termination. The device is supplied in: SOT-223, DPAK,
SO-8 and TO-220.The SOT-223 and DPAK surface mount packages optimize the thermal
characteristics even offering

CHAPTER 5

Software Description
5.1 Arduino Software IDE

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment or Arduino Software (IDE) contains a text
editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for common
functions and a series of menus. It connects to the Arduino hardware to upload programs and
communicate with them. Thanks to its simple and accessible user experience, Arduino IDE
has been used in thousands of different projects and applications.
There are many other micro-controllers and micro-controller platforms available for physical
computing that takes the messy details of micro-controller programming and wrap it up in an
easy-to-use package. Arduino also simplifies the process of working with micro-controllers,
but it offers some advantage for teachers, students, and interested amateurs over other
systems:
1. Inexpensive - Arduino boards are relatively inexpensive compared to other micro-
controller platforms. The least expensive version of the Arduino module can be
assembled by hand, and even the pre-assembled Arduino modules cost less than 50
dollars.
2. Cross-platform - The Arduino Software (IDE) runs on Windows, Macintosh OSX, and
Linux operating systems. Most micro-controller systems are limited to Windows.
3. Simple, clear programming environment - The Arduino Software (IDE) is easy- to-use
for beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users to take advantage of as well. For
teachers, it's conveniently based on the Processing programming environment, so
students learning to program in that environment will be familiar with how the Arduino
IDE works.
4. Open source and extensible software - The Arduino software is published as open
source tools, available for extension by experienced programmers. The language can be
expanded through C++ libraries, and people wanting to un- derstand the technical
details can make the leap from Arduino to the AVR C programming language on which
it's based. Similarly, you can add AVR-C code directly into your Arduino programs if
you want to.
5. Open source and extensible hardware - The plans of the Arduino boards are published
under a Creative Commons license, so experienced circuit designers can make their
own version of the module, extending it and improving it. Even relatively inexperienced
users can build the breadboard version of the module in order to understand how it
works and save money.

5.2 PHP

PHP is an acronym for "Hypertext Preprocessor". PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting
language. PHP scripts are executed on the server. PHP is free to download and use. PHP _les
can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript and PHP code. PHP code are executed on the server
and the result is returned to the browser as plain HTML. PHP _les have extension ".php".
PHP can generate dynamic page content. It can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files
on the server. PHP can collect form data. PHP can send and receive cookies. PHP can add,
delete, modify data in your database. PHP can be used to control user-access. PHP can encrypt
data. PHP runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix etc.). PHP is compatible with
almost all servers used to- day(Apache, IIS etc.). PHP supports a wide range of databases.
PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side.

Features:
1. Support for name-spaces.
2. Simple: It is very simple and easy to use, compare to other scripting language, it is
widely used all over the world. The level of complexity of a PHP code is much lesser
than its competing technologies for developing web applications or dynamic sites.
3. Interpreted: It is an interpreted language, i.e. there is no need for compilation.
4. Faster: It is faster than other scripting language.
5. Open Source: PHP is an open source technology, which means its source code
development environment etc. are freely available. Also PHP community is continually
developing new functionalities of this language thus improving its code package, base
libraries and various classes.
6. Platform Independent: PHP code will be run on every platform, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X
etc. Applications developed in PHP are platform independent and can be executed on a
variety of platforms and web servers. Websites developed using PHP can be hosted on
nearly all the web-servers available in the market.
7. Case Sensitive: PHP is case sensitive scripting language at time of variable declaration.
In PHP, all keywords, classes, functions, and user-defined functions are NOT case-
sensitive.
8. PHP applications are much cheaper than other technologies for developing dynamic
sites or applications due to proprietary or license issues.
9. Provides a more secured website due to its high quality encryption scheme. Application
safety is another advantage in same category so that the application code cannot be
tampered.

5.3 HTML

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for creating web pages
and web applications. Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from
local storage and render them into multimedia web pages. HTML elements are the building
blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs, images and other objects, such as interactive
forms, may be embedded into the rendered page. It provides a means to create structured
documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links,
quotes and other items. HTML can embed programs written in a scripting language such as
JavaScript which affect the behavior and content of web pages. Inclusion of CSS defines the
look and layout of content.

Features:
1. Simple - HTML is not so hard. Its is easy to code and learn. Its easily understandable and does not
require training.
2. HTML is supportive - Browsers support HTML. Certainly more browsers support HTML than any
other web programming language. If one wants a website to be display all around the World then build
a site with HTML cause mostly browsers support HTML. The programmer takes care to optimize the
website for the most commonly used browsers. Optimizing a HTML based website for the browser
compatibility is neither difficult nor complex. That is the greatest advantage of learning HTML.
3. Easier to maintain and update any site, designed with the feature of interaction between the webpage,
which makes it effective.
4. Does not involve strain on the servers, for HTML web pages it takes less time to load them. Very
useful for beginners in web designing field.

5.4 MySQL

MySQL is the most popular Open Source Relational SQL database management system.
MySQL is one of the best RDBMS being used for developing web-based software
applications. MySQL is database system used on the web. MySQL is a database system that
runs on a server. MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications. The data in a MySQL
database are stored in tables. A table is a collection of related data, and it consists of columns
and rows. Databases are useful for storing information categorically.

Features:
1. Easy to use - MySQL is easy to use. Easy to build and interact with MySQL with only a
few simple SQL statements.
2. Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) - MySQL is a relational database
management system.
3. Secure - MySQL consist of a solid data security layer that protects sensitive data from
intruders. Passwords are encrypted in MySQL.
4. Open Source.
5. Scalable - MySQL can handle almost any amount of data, up to as much as 50 million
rows or more. The default _le size limit is about 4GB. However, it is possible to
increase this number to a theoretical limit of 8 Tb of data.
6. Allows roll-back - MySQL allows transactions to be rolled back, commit and crash
recovery.
7. High Performance - MySQL is faster, more reliable and cheaper because of its unique
storage engine architecture.
 8. High Flexibility - MySQL supports a large number of embedded applications which
makes MySQL very flexible.
9. High Productivity - MySQL uses Triggers, Stored procedures and views which allows
the developer to give a higher productivity.

5.5 XML

XML is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that
is both human-readable and machine-readable. XML-based formats have become the default
for many office-productivity tools. XML has come into common use for the interchange of
data over the Internet. The design goals of XML emphasize simplicity, generality, and
usability across the Internet. The XML language has no predefined tags. Designed to store and
transport data and is self-descriptive.

5.6 Java

Java is a general-purpose computer programming language that is concurrent, class- based,

object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as
possible. It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere"(WORA)
meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need
for recompilation. Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Micro-systems
(which has since been acquired by Oracle Corporation) and released in 1995 as a core
component of Sun Micro-systems' Java platform. Java uses an automatic garbage collector to
manage memory in the object life cycle. The programmer determines when objects are
created, and the Java run-time is responsible for recovering the memory once objects are no
longer in use.
 CHAPTER 6
PROGRAMMING
 CHAPTER 7
RESULTS & ANALYSIS
 CHAPTER 8
ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS
8.1 ADVANTAGES
1. It avoids soil contamination and air contamination.
2. It helps to keep clean and safe environment.
3. Many times garbage dustbin is overflown and many animals like dog or goat enters
inside or near the dustbin. This creates a bad scene. Also some birds are also trying to
take out garbage from dustbin. This project can avoid such situations.
4. Man power and power consumption of electricity is reduced by the automatic street
light concept.

8.2 Disadvantages

1. Damage to components can be caused due to seasonal changes and also due to wear and
tear of materials while using.
2. Internet connectivity problem may arise but can be worked upon since many initiatives
are been taken up by government.

8.3 Applications

1. This project can also be used in the SMART CITY.

2. This project can also be used in college / university campus, companies.
3. This project is also helpful in the government project of \SWACHH BHARAT
ABHIYAN".
 4. To collect dustbins placed at public places in city.

CHAPTER 9
CONCLUSION AND FUTURESCOPE
9.1 Conclusion

By implementing this project we will avoid over flowing of garbage from the container in
residential area which is previously either loaded manually or with the help of loaders in
traditional trucks. Manual loading takes time and reduces the productivity of the vehicles
and manpower deployed. Besides, manual handling of waste poses a threat to the health of
the sanitation workers as the waste is highly contaminated. In this system the information of
all smart dustbins can be accessed from anywhere and anytime by the concern person and
he/she can take a decision accordingly. By implementing this proposed system the cost
reduction, resource optimization, effective usage of smart dustbins can be done. In major
cities the garbage collection vehicle visit the areas everyday twice or thrice depends on the
population of the particular area and sometimes these dustbins may not be full. Our
system will inform the status of each and every dust bin in real time so that the concerned
authority can send the garbage collection vehicle only when the dustbin is full.
This system shows the implementation of advanced garbage management system using
Internet of Things (IoT).This system assures cleaning of dustbin soon when the garbage
level reaches its maximum level and presences of gases by implementing cantilever
mechanism for gas sensing by MQ-6 sensor and ultrasonic sensor for sensing the level of
garbage in dustbin. Thus, instead of using static garbage collection system where the routine
of the garbage collection is fixed and it requires more manpower we can use proposed
dynamic garbage management system under centralized monitoring by control room which
requires less manpower and ultimately result in a cleaner environment, reduction in health
hazards and development.
9.2 Future Scope

The scope for the future work in this system can be implemented with time stamp in which
real-time clock shown to the concern person at what time dust bin is full and at what time the
waste is collected from the smart dustbins.
1. We can implement it with automatic trash compacting mechanism. This system will
have mechanical arrangement within a container such that whenever the level of
garbage in container becomes full compactor will sense it and automatically compact
trash as needed to avoid overflow. This can reduce the number of trips required for
collecting garbage by driver thus reduces manual work.
2. As the process of sensing condition of garbage containers, reporting same to control
room involves power consumption depending on the technology used for implementing
the system, thus system can be more economical and cost effective by using solar
panels for power generation.
 CHAPTER 10
REFERENCE
1. M.T.H. Shubho, M.T Hassan, M.R. Hossain and M. N. Neema, “Quantitative Analysis of Spatial
Pattern of Dustbins and its Pollution in Dhaka City˗˗A GIS Based Approach”, Asian Transactions on
Engineering (ATE ISSN: 2221-4267) vol. 03 Issue 04, September 2013, pp.1-7.
2. Narayan Sharma, Nirman Singha, Tanmoy Dutta, “Smart Bin Implementation for Smart
Cities”,International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 9, September-
2015,pp.787-791.
3. Guerrero, L.A., Ger, G and Willi , H, "Solid waste m agement challenges for cities in developing
countries," Waste Management, 33( 1):220-232, January 20 13. Marshall, R.E d Farahb hsh, K,
"Systems approaches to integrated solid waste management in developing countries," Waste
Management, 33(4): 988-1003, April 2013.
4. Adil Bashir, Shoaib Amin Banday, Ab. Rouf Khan, Mohammad Shafi, “Concept, Design and
Implementation of Automatic Waste Management System”, International Journal on Recent and
Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN 2321 – 8169 Volume: 1 Issue: 7 604 –
609.
 CHAPTER 11
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thanks to Mrs.Gauri Chavan, our guide and mentor, for the valuable guidance and support related to the components,
software and programming of this project.
xxxix