Group 2, Section 2 0

Case Problem:

A Bipartisan
Agenda for
Change

Group Submission

Submitted By:
Group Number 2,Section 2
FT152003 Rajat Sharma
FT152007 Nupur Agrawal
FT152026 Renju Koshy
FT152050 Krunal Kapadia
FT152070 Manjit Singh
FT152079 Vatsal Goel
FT152090 Karthikeyan M
 Group 2, Section 2 1

Case Problem:
In a study conducted by Zogby International, more than 700 New Yorkers were polled to determine whether the
New York state government works. Respondents surveyed were asked questions involving pay cuts for state
legislators, restrictions on lobbyists, term limits for legislators, and whether state citizens should be able to put
matters directly on the state ballot for a vote. The results regarding several proposed reforms had broad support,
crossing all demographic and political lines.
Suppose that a follow-up survey of 100 individuals who live in the western region of New York was conducted. The
party affiliation (Democrat, Republican, Independent) of each individual surveyed was recorded, as well as their
responses to the following 3 questions.

A) Should legislative pay be cut for every day the state budget is late? Yes or No.
B) Should there be more restrictions on lobbyists? Yes or No.
C) Should there be term limits requiring that legislators can only serve a fixed number of years? Yes or No.
Their responses were coded using 1 for yes and 0 for no. The complete data set is in the Excel worksheet called
Bipartisan case NYReform data.

For your managerial report, you must answer the following questions.

1. Use descriptive statistics to summarize the data from this study. What preliminary conclusions do you draw
about the independence of the response (yes or no) and party affiliation for each of the three questions in
the survey?
2. With regard to question A, test for the independence of the response (yes or no) and party affiliation. Use
alpha = .05.
3. With regard to question B test for the independence of the response (yes or no) and party affiliation. Use
alpha = .05.
4. With regard to question C, test for the independence of the response (yes or no) and party affiliation. Use
alpha = .05.
5. Does it appear that there is broad support for change across all political lines? Explain in detail.
Solution:
1. Descriptive statistics
The below table shows the consolidated data of whether legislative pay be cut for every day the state budget is late:

New York state government Yes No Totals Percentage Yes Percentage No

Democrat 22 14 36 61.1 38.9
Independent 10 9 19 52.6 47.4
Republican 39 6 45 86.7 13.3
Totals 71 29 100
 Group 2, Section 2 2

Conclusion: We can see that percentage of republicans is much higher that the democrats we can say that
classification are not independent.

The below table shows the consolidated data of whether there should be restrictions on lobbyists:

New York state government Yes No Totals Percentage Yes Percentage No

Democrat 21 15 36 58.3 41.7
Independent 15 4 19 78.9 21.1
Republican 34 11 45 75.6 24.4
Totals 70 30 100

Conclusion: Looking at the above table we can conclude that because the percentage of Democrats who answered is
less than the percentage of Independents or Republicans who answered yes, the classifications does not appear to
be independent.

The below table shows whether there should be term limits requiring legislators serve a fixed number of years?

New York state government Yes No Totals Percentage Yes Percentage No

Democrat 17 19 36 47.2 52.8
Independent 10 9 19 52.6 47.4
Republican 32 13 45 71.1 28.9
Totals 59 41 100

Conclusion: Again by looking at the above table we can say that percentage of Republicans that answered yes is
much greater than the percentage of Democrats or Independents that answered yes, hence the classifications does
not appear to be independent.
 Group 2, Section 2 3

2.

Pay cuts
Degrees of
freedom 2
level of significance 0.95

Democrats Independent Republican

Yes 22 10 39 71
No 14 9 6 29
36 19 45

Response Party Observed Expected Difference Square Chi Value Chi P value
Frequency Frequency Critical
Yes Democrats 22 25.56 -3.56 12.6736 0.4958372 0.006135029
Yes Independent 10 13.49 -3.49 12.1801 0.9028984
Yes Republican 39 31.95 7.05 49.7025 1.5556338
No Democrats 14 10.44 3.56 12.6736 1.2139464
No Independent 9 5.51 3.49 12.1801 2.2105445
No Republican 6 13.05 -7.05 49.7025 3.8086207
10.187481 5.9914645

The p-value associated with the test for independence is .006. Since the p-value is less than the level of significance,
.05, we can reject the null hypothesis of independence.
 Group 2, Section 2 4

3.

Lobbyists
Degrees of 2
freedom
level of significance 0.95

Democrats Independent Republican

Yes 21 15 34 70
No 15 4 11 30
36 19 45

Response Party Observed Expected Difference Square Chi Value Chi Critical Pvalue
Frequency Frequency
Yes Democrats 21 25.2 -4.2 17.64 0.7 0.155748946
Yes Independent 15 13.3 1.7 2.89 0.2172932
Yes Republican 34 31.5 2.5 6.25 0.1984127
No Democrats 15 10.8 4.2 17.64 1.6333333
No Independent 4 5.7 -1.7 2.89 0.5070175
No Republican 11 13.5 -2.5 6.25 0.462963
3.7190198 5.9914645

The p-value associated with the test for independence is .156. Since the p-value is greater than the level of
significance, .05, we cannot reject the null hypothesis of independence.
 Group 2, Section 2 5

4.

Term Limits
Degrees of 2
freedom
level of significance 0.95

Democrats Independent Republican

Yes 17 10 32 59
No 19 9 13 41
36 19 45

Response Party Observed Expected Difference Square Chi Value Chi P value
Frequency Frequency Critical
Yes Democrats 17 21.24 -4.24 17.9776 0.846403 0.077630875
Yes Independent 10 11.21 -1.21 1.4641 0.1306066
Yes Republican 32 26.55 5.45 29.7025 1.1187382
No Democrats 19 14.76 4.24 17.9776 1.2179946
No Independent 9 7.79 1.21 1.4641 0.1879461
No Republican 13 18.45 -5.45 29.7025 1.6098916
5.1115801 5.9914645

The p-value associated with the test for independence is .078. Since the p-value is greater than the level of
significance, .05, we cannot reject the null hypothesis of independence.

5.
As per the analysis there appears to a broad support for change across all political lines with respect to more
restrictions on lobbyists. Because there appears to be no relation between the responses and the political parties
that the respondents belong to.