26 9 Phase Equilivia: The Activity Function
15. Propylene carbonate has a normal boiling point of 160°C. Use Trouton’s
rule (AS,,, = 885-K™'mol™! at the normal boiling point) to estimate
the equilibrium vapor pressure of propylene carbonate liquid at 25°C,
16, Given that about 85% ofthe hydrogen atoms in liquid water ate hydrogen
bonded at 25°C, use the molar enthalpy of vaporization of liquid water
(44 kE-mol-*) {0 estimate the hydrogen bond energy (kilojoules per mole)
in liquid water.
17. Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude. For example, on a clear day,
‘when the atmospheric pressure at sea level is 760 torr, we have
075
top00 067
15,000 050
21,000, as
Construct a plot of tog P versus ft
point of water at 12,000. Explai
be used (o determine altitude,
18, ILis observed that a tighly capped bottle of a carbonated liquid soft drink
ata temperature of — 10°C begins to form ice when the cap is removed.
Explain this observation,
se your plot to estimate the boiling
hhow the boiling point of water can
19, The equilibrium vapor pressure of CO,(s) (dry ice”) is 439 torr at —85°C
and 1009 tore at ~75'C. Estimate Ally for COG
20. For butane, which is used as a fuel in disposable cigarette lighters, the
value of Affi is 24.3 ki-mol~', The normal boiling point of butane is
=05°C, Estimate the vapor pressure of liguid butane at 37°C. The
result is the butane gas pressure in a cigarette lighter containing liquid
butane that isin contact with the burnan bod.
2, The equilibrium vapor pressure of benzene sal various temperatures is
28 follows
we [m6 | 3a | wr 09
Pron | 73 | 1759 [ ao17 ra
Construct a plot of log P versus 1/7’ and determine Aflya, in kilojoutes
per mole for CyHs/). Also estimate the normal boiling point of Cqtty(?)
and A5,q,(L-atm #95) for Coll)
was | 40
10.
9 Phase Fira: The Aetioy Function
“The vapor pressures (i lott of solid and fiquid eorine are given by
1640
logP = — Le + 10.560 {solid)
loge ae + 7.769 (liquid),
og : a
Calculate the temperature and the pressure at the tiple point of chlorine.
io
Calculate Allyyy, Aap, and AA for arp
‘The vapor pressure of potassium from 260°C to 760°C {its boiling point)
‘ean be represented by the empirical formula
4434
T
where P is the vapor pressure in torr and Tis the Kelvin temperature.
Use this formula to determine the heat of vaporization of potassium.
loge = 3B nas
The surface tension of water is 72 ml-m-* Caleulate the energy that is
requited to disperse one spherical drop of radius 3.0 mm into splierical
drops of radius 3.0 > 1079 nim,
The vapor pressures (in torr) of solid and liquid uranium hexafluoride are
ven by
log, = 10.6% (oolid)
tog, = 7538-1! Giquiay
Calculate the temperature and the pressure at the triple point of UF,
Also calculate the equilibrium vapor pressure of UF at 25°C.
‘The vapor pressures of solid chlorine are 352 torrat ~ 10°C and 0.776 torr
at = 120°C. The vapor pressures of liquid chlorine are 27.6 torr at — 97°C
and 587 torr at ~80°C. Calculate (a) AVTayys AFPyae Off and (b) the
temperature and the pressure atthe tiple point of chlorine
‘The phase diagram of sulfur is shown in Figure 9-5. How many triple
points are there? Describe what happens if sulfur is heated from 40°C
at { atm to 200°C at Latm, Below what pressure will sublimation occur?