4–22.

The tool at A is used to hold a power lawnmower blade A

13
stationary while the nut is being loosened with the wrench. 5
If a force of 50 N is applied to the wrench at B in the direction F 12

shown, determine the moment it creates about the nut at C.

What is the magnitude of force F at A so that it creates the 400 mm
opposite moment about C?

C 50 N

SOLUTION
B 60
c + MA = 50 sin 60°(0.3)
300 mm
MA = 12.99 = 13.0 N # m Ans.

b (0.4) = 0
12
a + MA = 0; - 12.99 + Fa
13
F = 35.2 N Ans.
4–29.

The connected bar BC is used to increase the lever arm of C

the crescent wrench as shown. If a clockwise moment of
MA = 120 N # m is needed to tighten the nut at A and the
extension d = 300 mm, determine the required force F in d 15⬚ F
order to develop this moment.
30⬚

300 mm
B

SOLUTION
A
By resolving force F into components parallel and perpendicular to the box wrench
BC, Fig. a, the moment of F can be obtained by adding algebraically the moments
of these two components about point A in accordance with the principle of
moments.

a +(MR)A = ©Fd; -120 = F sin 15°(0.3 sin 30°) - F cos 15°(0.3 cos 30° + 0.3)
F = 239 N Ans.
4–63.

The pipe assembly is secured on the wall by the two z

brackets. If the frictional force of both brackets can resist a
maximum moment of 150 lb # ft, determine the largest 4 ft
weight of the flower pot that can be supported by the
A
assembly without causing it to rotate about the OA axis.

O
3 ft
4 ft
60
SOLUTION 3 ft
B y
Moment About the OA Axis: The coordinates of point B are x 30
[(4 + 3 cos 30°) cos 60°, (4 + 3 cos 30°) sin 60°, 3 sin 30°]ft = (3.299, 5.174, 1.5) ft.
Either position vector rOB or rOC can be used to determine the moment of W about
the OA axis.

rOA = (3.299 - 0)i + (5.714 - 0)j + (1.5 - 0)k = [3.299i + 5.714j + 1.5k] ft

rAB = (3.299 - 0)i + (5.714 - 4)j + (1.5 - 3)k = [3.299i + 1.714j - 1.5k] ft

Since W is directed towards the negative z axis, we can write W = -Wk

The unit vector uOA, Fig. a, that specifies the direction of the OA axis is given by

(0 - 0)i + (4 - 0)j + (3 - 0)k 4 3

uOA = = j + k
2(0 - 0) + (4 - 0) + (3 - 0)
2 2 2 5 5

Since it is required that the magnitude of the moment of W about the OA axis not
exceed 150 ft # lb, we can write

MOA = uOA # rOB * W

4 3
0
5 5
150 = 5 3.299 5.714 1.5 5
0 0 -W

4 3
150 = 0 - [3.299( -W) - 0(1.5)] + [3.299(0) - 0(5.714)]
5 5

W = 56.8 lb Ans.

or

MOA = uOA # rAB * W

4 3
0
5 5
150 = 5 3.299 5.714 0 5
0 0 -W

4 3
150 = 0 - [3.299(- W) - 0(0)] + [3.299(0) - 0(5.714)]
5 5

W = 56.8 lb Ans.
*4–76.

Determine the magnitude of the couple force F so that the

–F 150 lb
resultant couple moment on the crank is zero.
5 in.
30⬚ 30⬚ 30⬚

150 lb 5 in.
4 in.
45⬚ 45⬚
30⬚
4 in.
SOLUTION F
By resolving F and the 150-lb couple into components parallel and perpendicular to
the lever arm of the crank, Fig. a, and summing the moment of these two force
components about point A, we have

a +(MC)R = ©MA; 0 = 150 cos 15°(10) - F cos 15°(5) - F sin 15°(4) - 150 sin 15°(8)
F = 194 lb Ans.

Note: Since the line of action of the force component parallel to the lever arm of the
crank passes through point A, no moment is produced about this point.
4–95.

If F1 = 100 N, F2 = 120 N and F3 = 80 N, determine the z –F4 ⫽ [⫺150 k] N

magnitude and coordinate direction angles of the resultant
couple moment.
0.3 m
30⬚

0.3 m
0.2 m
0.2 m
F4 ⫽ [150 k] N
0.2 m
F1
y
x 0.2 m – F1
SOLUTION
– F2 0.2 m
Couple Moment: The position vectors r1, r2, r3, and r4, Fig. a, must be determined
F2
first.
– F3
r1 = {0.2i} m r2 = {0.2j} m r3 = {0.2j} m
0.2 m
F3
From the geometry of Figs. b and c, we obtain

r4 = 0.3 cos 30° cos 45°i + 0.3 cos 30° sin 45°j - 0.3 sin 30°k
= {0.1837i + 0.1837j - 0.15k} m

The force vectors F1, F2, and F3 are given by

F1 = {100k} N F2 = {120k} N F3 = {80i} N

Thus,

M 1 = r1 * F1 = (0.2i) * (100k) = {-20j} N # m

M 2 = r2 * F2 = (0.2j) * (120k) = {24i} N # m
M 3 = r3 * F3 = (0.2j) * (80i) = {-16k} N # m
M 4 = r4 * F4 = (0.1837i + 0.1837j - 0.15k) * (150k) = {27.56i - 27.56j} N # m

Resultant Moment: The resultant couple moment is given by

(M c)R = ∑M c; (M c)R = M 1 + M 2 + M 3 + M 4
= ( -20j) + (24i) + (-16k) + (27.56i-27.56j)
= {51.56i - 47.56j - 16k} N # m

The magnitude of the couple moment is

(M c)R = 2[(M c)R]x2 + [(M c)R]y 2 + [(M c)R]z 2

= 2(51.56)2 + (-47.56)2 + (-16)2
= 71.94 N # m = 71.9 N # m Ans.

The coordinate angles of (Mc)R are

a = cos -1 a b = cos a b = 44.2°

[(Mc)R]x 51.56
Ans.
(Mc)R 71.94
[(Mc)R]y
b = cos -1 a b = cos a b = 131°
-47.56
Ans.
(Mc)R 71.94
[(Mc)R]z
g = cos -1 a b = cos a b = 103°
-16
Ans.
(Mc)R 71.94
*4–96.

Determine the required magnitude of F1, F2, and F3 z –F4 ⫽ [⫺150 k] N

so that the resultant couple moment is (Mc)R =
[50 i - 45 j - 20 k] N # m.
0.3 m
30⬚

0.3 m
0.2 m
0.2 m
F4 ⫽ [150 k] N
0.2 m
SOLUTION F1
y
x 0.2 m – F1
Couple Moment: The position vectors r1, r2, r3, and r4, Fig. a, must be determined
first.
– F2 0.2 m
r1 = {0.2i} m r2 = {0.2j} m r3 = {0.2j} m F2

– F3
From the geometry of Figs. b and c, we obtain
0.2 m
F3
r4 = 0.3 cos 30° cos 45°i + 0.3 cos 30° sin 45°j - 0.3 sin 30°k
= {0.1837i + 0.1837j - 0.15k} m

The force vectors F1, F2, and F3 are given by

F1 = F1k F2 = F2k F3 = F3i

Thus,

M 1 = r1 * F1 = (0.2i) * (F1k) = -0.2 F1j

M 2 = r2 * F2 = (0.2j) * (F2k) = 0.2 F2i
M 3 = r3 * F3 = (0.2j) * (F3i) = -0.2 F3k
M 4 = r4 * F4 = (0.1837i + 0.1837j - 0.15k) * (150k) = {27.56i - 27.56j} N # m

Resultant Moment: The resultant couple moment required to equal

(M c)R = {50i - 45j - 20k} N # m. Thus,

(M c)R = ©M c; (M c)R = M 1 + M 2 + M 3 + M 4
50i - 45j - 20k = (-0.2F1j) + (0.2F2i) + ( -0.2F3k) + (27.56i - 27.56j)
50i - 45j - 20k = (0.2F2 + 27.56)i + (-0.2F1 - 27.56)j - 0.2F3k

Equating the i, j, and k components yields

50 = 0.2F2 + 27.56 F2 = 112 N Ans.

-45 = -0.2F1 - 27.56 F1 = 87.2 N Ans.
-20 = -0.2F3 F3 = 100 N Ans.
*4–112.

Handle forces F1 and F2 are applied to the electric drill. F2 ⫽ {2j ⫺ 4k} N
Replace this force system by an equivalent resultant force
and couple moment acting at point O. Express the results in z
Cartesian vector form. 0.15 m F1 ⫽ {6i ⫺ 3j ⫺ 10k} N

0.25 m

0.3 m
SOLUTION O

FR = ©F; FR = 6i - 3j - 10k + 2j - 4k x y

= {6i - 1j - 14k} N Ans.

M RO = ©M O ;

i j k i j k
M RO = 3 0.15 0 0.3 3 + 3 0 -0.25 0.3 3
6 -3 -10 0 2 -4
= 0.9i + 3.30j - 0.450k + 0.4i
= {1.30i + 3.30j - 0.450k} N # m Ans.

Note that FRz = -14 N pushes the drill bit down into the stock.
(MRO)x = 1.30 N # m and (MRO)y = 3.30 N # m cause the drill bit to bend.
(MRO)z = -0.450 N # m causes the drill case and the spinning drill bit to rotate
about the z-axis.
4–134.

Replace the two wrenches and the force, acting on the pipe 100 N · m
assembly, by an equivalent resultant force and couple
moment at point O.
300 N
z

C
y
SOLUTION O A B 100 N
0.5 m 0.6 m 0.8 m
Force And Moment Vectors: x

F1 = 5300k6 N F3 = 5100j6 N
45° 200 N

F2 = 2005cos 45°i - sin 45°k6 N 180 N · m

= 5141.42i - 141.42k6 N

M 1 = 5100k6 N # m

M 2 = 1805cos 45°i - sin 45°k6 N # m

= 5127.28i - 127.28k6 N # m

Equivalent Force and Couple Moment At Point O:

FR = ©F; FR = F1 + F2 + F3

= 141.42i + 100.0j + 1300 - 141.422k

= 5141i + 100j + 159k6 N Ans.

The position vectors are r1 = 50.5j6 m and r2 = 51.1j6 m.

M RO = ©M O ; M RO = r1 * F1 + r2 * F2 + M 1 + M 2

i j k
= 30 0.5 0 3
0 0 300

i j k
+ 0 1.1 0
141.42 0 -141.42

+ 100k + 127.28i - 127.28k

= 122i - 183k N # m Ans.

4–145.

Replace the distributed loading by an equivalent resultant

force, and specify its location on the beam, measured from the
pin at C.

A 30 B
C

SOLUTION 800 lb/ft

15 ft 15 ft
+ T FR = ©F; FR = 12 000 + 6000 = 18 000 lb

FR = 18.0 kip T Ans.

c +MRC = ©MC; 18 000x = 12 000(7.5) + 6000(20)

x = 11.7 ft Ans.
*4–156.

Replace the distributed loading with an equivalent resultant w

force, and specify its location on the beam measured from p x)
w ⫽ w0 sin (2L
––
point A. w0

A x

SOLUTION L

Resultant: The magnitude of the differential force dFR is equal to the area of the
element shown shaded in Fig. a. Thus,

p
dFR = w dx = ¢ w0 sin x ≤ dx
2L

Integrating dFR over the entire length of the beam gives the resultant force FR.

x≤ ` =
L L
p 2w0L p 2w0L
+T FR = dFR = ¢ w0 sin x ≤ dx = ¢- cos T Ans.
LL L0 2L p 2L 0 p

Location: The location of dFR on the beam is xc = x measured from point A. Thus,
the location x of FR measured from point A is given by

L
p 4w0L2
xcdFR x ¢ w0 sin x ≤ dx
LL L0 2L p2 2L
x = = = = Ans.
2w0L 2w0L p
dFR
LL p p
*4–160.

Replace the loading by an equivalent force and couple w

1
––
moment acting at point O. w = (200x 2 ) N/m 600 N/m

x
O

9m

SOLUTION
Equivalent Resultant Force And Moment At Point O:
x
+ c FR = ©Fy ; FR = - dA = - wdx
LA L0

A 200x2 B dx
9m
1
FR = -
L0

= - 3600 N = 3.60 kN T Ans.

x
a + MRO = ©MO ; MRO = - xwdx
L0

x A 200x2 B dx
9m
1
= -
L0

A 200x2 B dx
9m
3
= -
L0

= - 19 440 N # m

= 19.4 kN # m (Clockwise) Ans.

4–161.

Determine the magnitude of the equivalent resultant force w

of the distributed load and specify its location on the beam
measured from point A. 420 lb/ft w = (5 (x – 8)2 +100) lb/ft

100 lb/ft 120 lb/ft

A x

SOLUTION
8 ft 2 ft
Equivalent Resultant Force:
x
+ c FR = ©Fy ; -FR = - dA = - wdx
LA L0
10 ft
FR = 351x - 822 + 1004dx
L0

= 1866.67 lb = 1.87 kip T Ans.

Location of Equivalent Resultant Force:

x
xdA xwdx
' LA L0
x = = x
dA wdx
LA L0
10 ft
x351x - 822 + 1004dx
L0
= 10 ft
351x - 822 + 1004dx
L0
10 ft
15x3 - 80x2 + 420x2dx
L0
= 10 ft
351x - 822 + 1004dx
L0
= 3.66 ft Ans.