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More Activities What is Force?

Velocity, Acceleration
Definitions for Force:
Finding Mass
What is Force? 1) Force is a push or pull
What is Work?
What is Energy?
2) Force is the capacity to do work or cause physical change
What is Power? 3) Force= Mass times acceleration (F = ma)
Units and Measurements
Vectors and Scalars 4) A force is that which changes or tends to change the state of rest or motion of a body.
Examples:

For simplicity sake, all forces (interactions) between objects can be placed into two broad
categories: contact forces, and forces resulting from action-at-a-distance.
Contact Forces include: frictional forces, buoyant forces, normal forces, and air resistance
More Applets forces
BIOLOGY Action-at-a-distance forces include: gravitation, electrostatic and magnetic forces.
Measuring Force:

JUST MOLECULES Force is measured using either the English System of Measurements or the International
System of Units (SI).
BIOCHEMISTRY Common Units of Force
--->>SI: Newton (N) 1 N = 0.225 lb;
MATHEMATICS
One Newton (N) of force is defined as the amount of force needed to accelerate 1 kilogram (kg)
of mass at a rate of 1 meter per second squared (m/s2).
EARTH AND SPACE
SCIENCE 1 Newton = 1 kg m/sec2 (A kilogram is the amount of weight at which 1 N of force will
accelerate at a rate of 1 m/s2.)
PHYSICS --->>English System: Pound (LB) 1 LB = 4.448 N
In English system of measurements, a slug is the amount of mass that 1 pound of force will
accelerate at 1 ft/s2, and a pound mass is the amount of mass that 1 LB of force will accelerate
at 32 feet/s2.
Describing a Force:
Math and
Science Activity A force is a vector quantity. A vector quantity is a quantity which has both magnitude and
Center Home direction. To fully describe the force acting upon an object, you must describe both its
Page magnitude and direction. Thus, 10 Newtons of force is not a complete description of the force
acting on an object. 10 Newtons, downwards is a complete description of the force acting upon
an object.
(Note: What is the difference between vector and scalar quantities? A vector has both strength
Student and and direction, a scalar quantity can be described using only 1 quantity, magnitude. Examples of
Teacher Travel scalar quantities are: time, energy and volume since they only represent magnitude and no
direction.
-Study Abroad
What is the Difference between Mass and Weight?
-Student Travel
Shown below are two types of scales commonly used in the classroom --a spring scale (left)
-Spring Break and a simple balance beam scale on the right.
-International On earth the spring scale reads 100g with an unknown mass attached at the bottom. To balance
Schools the scale on the right a 100g mass was also needed.
-Travel Guides If we were to take both scales to the moon, what would the the spring scale read? How much
-Budget Travel
mass would be needed to balance the 100g mass on the balance beam? Can you explain your
answer? For more details see the Mass and Weight Page.

spring scale simple balance scale

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What does applying a Force do?

Force causes acceleration.

Newton's Second Law states that: the acceleration (a) of an object is directly proportional to the
force (F) applied, and inversely proportional to the object's mass (m).
That means that the more force you apply to an object, the greater the acceleration. And, the
more mass the object has, the lower the acceleration.
Newton's Second Law can be written in equation form: F = ma.
For falling objects we can write F=mg where g is the acceleration due to gravity. The force of
gravity is what causes free falling objects to accelerate. These objects all accelerate at the
same rate of 9.8 meters/sec^2
What is Friction?

Friction is the force that opposes the relative motion or tendency to such motion of two bodies in
contact. If we try to push a block of wood across a table, there are two opposing forces that act:
the force associated with the push, and a force that is associated with the friction which acts in
the opposite direction. As frictional forces are decreased (for example, by placing oil on the
table) the object moves further and further before stopping. This demonstrates Galileo's law of
inertia which states: an object in a state of motion possesses an ``inertia'' that causes it to
remain in that state of motion unless an external force acts on it.

Try these exercise!

1) How much net force is required to accelerate a 1500 kg car at 6.00 m/s2?
Please enter your answer in the space provided:

newtons Submit

2) What is the mass of an object that has a weight of 115 N on the Moon? The gravity of the Moon
is 1/6 of g (which is 9.8 m/s2).
kg. Submit

3) An object in free fall will accelerate at a rate of :

m/sec/sec Submit
Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following are contact forces?

a) magnetic forces

b) gravity

c) air resistance

d) electrostatic forces

2. Which of the following are action at a distance forces?

a) air resistance

b) normal forces

c) magnetic forces

d) frictional forces

3. What is the force that opposes the relative motion or tendency to such motion of two bodies in contact

a) magnetism

b) the normal force

c) gravity

d) friction

4. 1 kg-m/sec/sec is equal to--

a) 1 Newton

b) 1 pound

c) 1000 newtons

d) none of the above

5. Which of the following statements is not correct

a) air resistance is a force

b) mass is the result of the force of gravity

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c) to accelerate an object requires a force

d) weight is the force of gravity

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