Chapter 6 Fundamentals of Convection

6-52 The windshield of a car is subjected to parallel winds. The drag force the wind exerts on the
windshield is to be determined.
Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist. 2 The edge effects are negligible.
Properties The properties of air at 0 C and 1 atm are (Table A-15)
= 1.292 kg/m3, Cp =1.006 kJ/kg-K, Pr = 0.7362
Analysis The average heat transfer coefficient is
Air
Q hAs (Ts T ) 0 C
Q 80 km/h
h Windshield
As (Ts T )
Ts=4 C 0.6 m
50 W
2
11.57 W/m 2 C
(0.6 1.8 m )(4 0) C
The average friction coefficient is determined from the
modified Reynolds analogy to be 1.8 m
2/3 2 2/3
2hPr 2(11.57 W/m C)(0.7362)
Cf 3
0.0006534
VCp (1.292 kg/m )(80 / 3.6 m/s)(1006 J/kg C)
The drag force is determined from
V2 (1.292 kg/m 3 )(80 / 3.6 m/s) 2 1N
Ff C f As 0.0006534(0.6 1.8 m 2 ) 0.225 N
2 2 1 kg.m/s 2

6-53 An airplane cruising is considered. The average heat transfer coefficient is to be determined.
Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist. 2 The edge effects are negligible.
Properties The properties of air at -50 C and 1 atm are (Table A-15)
Cp =0.999 kJ/kg-K Pr = 0.7440
The density of air at -50 C and 26.5 kPa is Air
-50 C
P 26.5 kPa 800 km/h
0.4141 kg/m 3
RT (0.287 kJ/kg.K)(-50 273)K
Wing
Analysis The average heat transfer coefficient can be Ts=4 C 3m
determined from the modified Reynolds analogy to be
Cf VCp
h
2 Pr 2/3
25 m
0.0016 (0.4141 kg/m 3 )(800 / 3.6 m/s)(999 J/kg C)
89.6 W/m 2 C
2 (0.7440) 2 / 3

6-54, 6-55 Design and Essay Problems

6-27