HW Packet / Unit 8

HW #8.1
1. How does temperature affect gas molecules?
2. At what temperature does all motion (kinetic energy) stop?
3. Explain using the KMT why the pressure of a gas in a container will increase if the
temperature rises.
4. Why would a balloon shrink if it gets cold?
5. Which gas will move faster at the same temperature: carbon dioxide or hydrogen?

HW #8.2
1. What causes atmospheric pressure?
2. How do we measure atmospheric pressure?
3. How does the atmospheric pressure at high altitudes compare to that at sea level? Why?
4. What are the relationships between mm Hg, torr, atm and Pa?
5. Convert the following:
a. 742 mm Hg to torr b. 742 mm Hg to atm c. 742 mm Hg to Pa
6. Write a mathematical expression for the relationship between money earned (ME) and your
level of education (LE).
7. Write a mathematical expression for the relationship between your chemistry grade (CG)
and time spent daydreaming in class (TSDC).
8. A gas of volume V is placed in an expandable container. Determine the new volume if
conditions are changed in each of the following ways (Express your answer in terms of V; for
example, 2V, 1/4V, 8V, etc.):
a. The absolute temperature is halved.
b. The external pressure is reduced to ¼ the initial pressure.

HW #8.3
Calculate the following gas law problems and indicate which law is used.
1. A sample of gas in an expandable container has a volume of 390. mL when measured at 25.0 ˚C
and 760. torr. What volume will the gas occupy at 25.0 ˚C and 195 torr?
2. The volume of a sample of gas in an expandable container is 410. mL at 10.0 ˚C and 380. torr
external pressure. What will be its volume when measured at 10.0 ˚C and 2.00 atm external
pressure?
3. What final external pressure in torr must be applied to a sample of gas having a volume of 190.
mL at 20.0 ˚C and 750. torr pressure to permit the expansion of the gas to a volume of 600. mL
at 20.0 ˚C?
4. The volume of a gas is 10.5 L at 10.0 atm and 20.0 ˚C. Calculate the pressure in atm of the gas if
its volume changes to 5000. mL while the temperature remains constant.
5. A sample of gas in an expandable container occupies a volume of 220. mL at 10.0 ˚C and 750.
torr. What volume will the gas occupy at 20.0 ˚C and 750. torr?
6. A gas fills a balloon to a volume of 90.0 mL at 27.0 ˚C and 740. torr. What volume in mL will the
gas occupy at 5.00 ˚C and 740. torr?

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7. A gas occupies a volume of 120. mL in an expandable container at 27.0 ˚C and 630. torr. At what
temperature in ˚C would the volume be 80.0 mL at 630. torr?
8. The volume of gas in a balloon is 200. mL at 30.0 ˚C. At what temperature in ˚C would the
volume be 260. mL, assuming the pressure remains constant?
9. A sample of gas occupies a 10.0 L rigid container at 110. torr and 27.0 ˚C. Calculate its pressure if
the temperature is changed to 127.0 ˚C while the volume remains constant.
10. The temperature of a gas in a 200. mL rigid container originally at 760. torr and 0 ˚C is
changed to -25.0 ˚C at constant volume. Calculate the final pressure.
11. A gas occupies a volume of 50.0 mL at 27.0 ˚C and 630. torr. At what temperature (˚C) would the
pressure be 770. torr if the volume remains constant?

Answers:
1. 1520. mL 3. 238 torr 5. 228 mL 7. -73.0 ˚C 9. 147 torr 11. 94.0 ˚C
2. 102 mL 4. 21.0 atm 6. 83.4 mL 8. 121 ˚C 10. 690. torr

HW #8.4
Calculate the following combined gas law problems and indicate which laws are used.
1. A certain gas occupies a volume of 500. mL in an expandable container at 27.0 ˚C with an
atmospheric pressure of 740. torr. What volume will it occupy at STP?
2. A certain gas has a volume of 195 mL in an expandable container at 20.0 ˚C with an
atmospheric pressure of 1.00 atm. Calculate its volume at 60.0 ˚C and 600. mm Hg.
3. A given sample of a gas has a volume of 5.10 L at 27.0 ˚C and 640. mm Hg. Its volume and
temperature are changed to 2.10 L and 100.0 ˚C, respectively. Calculate the pressure in mm
Hg at these conditions.
4. A gas measures 310. mL at STP. Calculate its pressure in atm if the volume is changed to 450.
mL and the temperature to 50.0 ˚C.
5. A gas has a volume of 125 mL at 57.0 ˚C and 640. torr. Calculate its temperature if the volume
increased to 325 mL and the pressure decreased to 590. torr.
6. A gas has a volume of 2.50 L at 27.0 ˚C and 1.00 atm. What would the temperature have to
be if the volume is 2.00 L and the pressure is 0.870 atm.

Answers:
1. 443 mL 4. 0.815 atm
2. 281 mL 5. 518 ˚C
3. 1930 mm Hg 6. -64.0 ˚C

HW #8.5
1. A hot air balloon is filled with hot gases (52.0 ˚C) to a volume of 2118 L. The atmospheric
pressure at sea level was 758.0 mm Hg. What will be the volume of the balloon when it rises
to an altitude where the temperature is 14.6 ˚C and the atmospheric pressure is 705.0 mm
Hg?
2. A can of hair spray warns “Do Not Incinerate” but you throw it in the fire anyway. The gases
inside exerted a pressure of 1.3 atm at 22.3 ˚C. The can will blow up when the gases reach a
pressure of 7.0 atm. At what temperature will the can explode?

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3. A bicycle tire is filled to a pressure of 6.2 atm at 27.9 ˚C. Riding the bike on asphalt on a hot
day increases the temperature of the tire to 55.6 ˚C. The volume of the tire increases by
4.0%. What is the new pressure in the bicycle tire?

HW #8.6
1. Using your knowledge of the gas laws and the kinetic molecular theory, explain how a
hot air balloon works.
2. A gas of volume V is placed in an expandable container. Determine the new volume if
conditions are changed in each of the following ways (Express your answer in terms of V; for
example, 2V, 1/4V, 8V, etc.):
a. The absolute temperature is increased by a factor of 10.
b. The external pressure is reduced to 1/6 the initial pressure.
c. The external pressure is quadrupled and the absolute temperature is doubled.
3. A gas with a pressure of P is held in a rigid container with a piston on one side. Determine
the new pressure if conditions are changed in each of the following ways (Express your answer
in terms of P; for example, 2P, 1/4P, etc.):
a. The absolute temperature is decreased by a factor of 5.
b. The volume is reduced to 1/3 the initial volume.
c. The volume is quadrupled and the absolute temperature is halved.
4. A mixture of gases has the following partial pressures for the component gases at 20.0 ˚C
in a volume of 2.00 L: oxygen, 180. torr; nitrogen, 320. torr; hydrogen, 246 torr.
a. Calculate the total pressure of the gas mixture.
b. What percent of the molecules in the gas mixture would be nitrogen?

HW #8.7
1. Hydrogen is collected by water displacement in a eudiometer. The gas volume is 25.0 mL
when the liquid levels inside and outside the tube are equal. The temperature is 17.0 ˚C and
the barometric pressure is 720.0 mm Hg. Convert the volume to that of dry gas at STP.
2. Some nitrogen is collected over water in a gas-measuring tube. The volume of gas is 45.0 mL
when the liquid levels inside and outside the tube are equal. The temperature is 23.0 ˚C and
the barometer reads 732.0 mm Hg. What is the volume of the dry gas at STP?
3. A volume of 50.0 mL of oxygen is collected over water. The water level inside the eudiometer
is 65.0 mm higher than that outside. The temperature is measured to be 25.0 ˚C and the
barometer reads 727.0 mm Hg. What is the volume of the dry oxygen at STP?
4. A gas collected over water in an inverted graduated cylinder occupies 60.0 mL. The water
level inside the cylinder is 25.0 mm lower than that outside. The temperature is measured
to be 20.0 ˚C and the barometric pressure is 715.0 mm Hg. Convert the volume of gas to STP.
Answers:
1. 21.8 mL hydrogen at STP 3. 42.1 mL oxygen at STP
2. 38.8 mL nitrogen at STP 4. 51.4 mL gas at STP

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HW #8.8
1. What is the mass of 4.0 L of NH3 at STP?
2. What volume will 128 g of oxygen gas occupy at STP?
3. If a balloon at STP contains 3.22 mol of nitrogen gas, how large is the balloon in liters?
4. A gas has a volume of 5.0 L at STP. How many molecules are present?
5. What is the density of carbon dioxide at STP?
6. a. What is the molar mass of a gas that has a density of 1.25 g/L at STP?
b. What gas is it?
7. If 7.5 L of hydrogen are collected at room conditions (23 ˚C and 755 torr), how many grams of
hydrogen were collected?
8. If 45.5 mL of oxygen were collected at room conditions (24.0 ˚C and 764 torr), how many
mol of oxygen were collected?
9. In one balloon, there are 4.0 grams of hydrogen. In another balloon, there are 4.0 grams of
helium. They are both at 24.5˚C and 755 torr.
a. Which will have a greater density?
b. Which will have the greater speed?
c. Which will have the greater volume?
d. Which will have the greater number of molecules?
e. Which will have the greater number of moles?

Answers:
1. 3.0 g NH3 3. 72.1 L N2 5. 1.96 g/L CO2 7. 0.61 g H2
2. 89.6 L O2 4. 1.3 x 1023 molecules 6. 28.0 g/mol 8. 1.88 x 10-3 mol O2

HW #8.9
1. Calculate the volume of oxygen produced at STP by the decomposition of 10.0 g of
potassium chlorate.
2. What mass of magnesium metal will react with excess hydrochloric acid to produce 500. mL
of hydrogen gas at STP?
3. How many liters of nitrogen and hydrogen gases would be required to produce 60.0 L of
ammonia gas?
4. How many liters of ammonia gas can be produced from 50.0 L of hydrogen and 20.0 L of
nitrogen? How many liters of the excess reactant will be left over?
5. If 10.0 L of octane (C 8H18) is burned in excess oxygen at STP, how many liters of carbon
dioxide will be produced in the exhaust of a car?
6. In a combustion reaction, 5.00 L of methane (CH 4) reacts with 11.5 L of oxygen at STP. How
many liters of carbon dioxide will be produced? How many liters of water vapor? How many
liters, moles, and grams of the excess reactant will be left over?
7. How many liters of chlorine gas will be required to react with 34.5 g of sodium at STP (so
that neither reactant is limiting) when making table salt, sodium chloride?

Answers:
1. 2.74 L O2 2. 0.542 g Mg 3. 30.0 L N2, 90.0 L H2 4. 33.3 L NH3 with 3.3 L of N2 unreacted
5. 80.0 L CO2 6. 5.0 L CO2, 10.0 L H2O, 1.5 L, 0.067 mol, 2.1 g O2 left over 7. 16.8 L Cl2

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HW #8.10
1. A sample of nitrogen gas kept in a container of volume 2.3 L and at a temperature of 32˚C
exerts a pressure of 4.7 atm. Calculate the number of moles present.
2. What volume will 5.6 moles of sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6) gas occupy if the temperature and
pressure of the gas are 128˚C and 9.4 atm?
3. A 0.050 g sample of dry ice (solid CO2) is placed in an evacuated 4.6 L vessel at 30˚C.
Calculate the pressure inside the vessel (in mm Hg) after all the dry ice has been converted
to CO2 gas.
4. Calculate the density of hydrogen bromide (HBr) gas in grams per liter at 733 mm Hg and
46˚C.
5. When ammonium nitrite (NH4NO2) is heated, it decomposes to yield nitrogen gas and water.
This property is used to inflate some tennis balls. Calculate the mass of NH 4NO2 needed to
inflate a tennis ball to a volume of 86.2 mL at 1.20 atm and 22˚C.
6. Nitroglycerin, an explosive compound, decomposes according to the following equation:

4C3H5(NO3)3 (s) à 12CO2 (g) + 10H2O (g) + 6N2 (g) O2 (g)

Calculate the total volume of gases when collected at 1.2 atm and 25˚C from 2.6 x 102 g of
nitroglycerin.

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