Chapter 9 Terms + Quiz 2 Answers

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1. A The interference pattern seen when light passes 5. a The size of an atomic orbital is associated with
through narrow, closely spaced slits, is due to
A) the principal quantum number (n).
A) diffraction.
B) the angular momentum quantum number (l).
B) reflection.
C) the magnetic quantum number (ml).
C) refraction.
D) the spin quantum number (ms).
D) dispersion.
E) the angular momentum and magnetic quantum
E) deflection. numbers, together.
2. A Select the compound with the lowest lattice energy. 6. a Atomic orbitals developed using quantum mechanics
A) CsBr(s) A) describe regions of space in which one is most likely
to find an electron.
B) NaCl(s)
B) describe exact paths for electron motion.
C) SrO(s)
C) give a description of the atomic structure which is
D) CaO(s) essentially the same as the Bohr model.
E) KBr(s) D) allow scientists to calculate an exact volume for the
3. A Select the arrangement of electromagnetic radiation hydrogen atom.
which starts with the lowest energy and increases to
greatest energy. E) are in conflict with the Heisenberg Uncertainty
Principle.
A) radio, infrared, ultraviolet, gamma rays 7. a The energy of an electron in the hydrogen atom is
determined by
B) radio, ultraviolet, infrared, gamma rays
A) the principal quantum number (n) only.
C) gamma rays, infrared, radio, ultraviolet
B) the angular momentum quantum number (l ) only.
D) gamma rays, ultraviolet, infrared, radio
C) the principal and angular momentum quantum
E) infrared, ultraviolet, radio, gamma rays numbers (n & l ).
4. A Who was the first scientist to propose that an object
could emit only certain amounts of energy? D) the principal and magnetic quantum numbers (n &
ml).
A) Planck
E) the principal, angular momentum and magnetic
B) Einstein quantum numbers.

C) Bohr
D) Rydberg
E) de Broglie
8. a Which of the following is a correct set of quantum 11. a Hydrogenation of double and triple bonds is an
numbers for an electron in a 5f orbital? important industrial process. Calculate (in kJ) the
standard enthalpy change ΔH° for the hydrogenation
A) n = 5, l = 3, ml = +1 of ethyne (acetylene) to ethane.
B) n = 5, l = 2, ml = +3 H-C≡C-H(g) + 2H₂(g) → H₃C-CH₃(g)
C) n = 4, l = 3, ml = 0 Bond:
D) n = 4, l = 2, ml = +1 C-C
E) n = 5, l = 4, ml = 3 C≡C
9. a Arrange oxygen, sulfur, calcium, rubidium and
potassium in order of decreasing C-H
electronegativity.
H-H
A) O > S > Ca > K > Rb
Bond energy (kJ/mol): 347 839 413 432
B) O > S > Ca > Rb > K
A) -296 kJ
C) O > S > Rb > K > Ca
B) -51 kJ
D) O > S > Rb > Ca > K
C) 51 kJ
E) None of these orders is correct.
D) 296 kJ
10. a When one mole of each of the following liquids is
burned, which will produce the most E) 381 kJ
heat energy? 12. a Arrange the following bonds in order of increasing
bond strength.
A) C₆H₁₄
A) C-I < C-Br < C-Cl < C-F
B) C₅H₁₂
B) C-F < C-Cl < C-Br < C-I
C) C₆H₁₄O
C) C-Br < C-I < C-Cl < C-F
D) C₆H₁₂O
D) C-I < C-Br < C-F< C-Cl
E) C₆H₁₀O₃
E) None of these orders is correct.
13. a Which of the following elements is the most
electronegative?
A) S
B) Ru
C) Si
D) Te
E) Cs
14. a Select the most acidic compound from the following. 18. B Interference of light waves
A) SO₂ A) separates light into its component colors.
B) Al₂ O₃ B) creates a pattern of light and dark regions.
C) CaO C) focuses a broad beam of light into a point.
D) PbO D) bends light as it passes the edge of an object.
E) H₂O E) creates a laser beam.
15. B Select the correct formula for a compound formed 19. B Which of the following contains ionic bonding?
from calcium and chlorine.
A) CO
A) CaCl
B) SrF₂
B) CaCl₂
C) Al
C) Ca₂Cl
D) OCl₂
D) Ca₂Cl₂
E) HCl
E) CaCl₃ 20. B The lattice energy for ionic crystals increases as the
16. B Who proposed a model that successfully explained the charge on the ions _____________ and the size of the
photoelectric effect? ions __________________.
A) Planck A) increases, increases
B) Einstein B) increases, decreases
C) Compton C) decreases, increases
D) Rydberg D) decreases, decreases
E) Bohr E) None of these is generally correct.
17. B Which of the following contains covalent bonds? 21. b Select the correct electron configuration for Cu (Z =
29).
A) BaO
A) [Ar] 4s² 3d⁹
B) IBr
B) [Ar] 4s¹ 3d¹⁰
C) Mg
C) [Ar] 4s² 4p⁶ 3d³
D) LiBr
D) [Ar] 4s² 4d⁹
E) Cu
E) [Ar] 5s² 4d⁹
22. b Arrange calcium, rubidium, sulfur, and arsenic in 27. b "Each electron in an atom must have its own unique
order of decreasing electronegativity. set of quantum number" is a statement of
A) S > As > Rb > Ca A) the aufbau principle.
B) S > As > Ca > Rb B) the Pauli exclusion principle.
C) As > S > Rb > Ca C) Hund's rule.
D) As > S > Ca > Rb D) the periodic law.
E) None of these orders is correct. E) Heisenberg's principle.
23. b Which of the following elements has the smallest 28. b Select the most polar bond amongst the following.
atomic size?
A) C-O
A) Na
B) Si-F
B) Ar
C) Cl-F
C) K
D) C-F
D) Ca
E) C-I
E) Kr 29. b "Electrons added to atomic orbitals of the same
24. b The shape of an atomic orbital is associated with energy will remain unpaired with parallel spins until
the subshell is more than half-filled" is a statement of
A) the principal quantum number (n).
A) the aufbau principle.
B) the angular momentum quantum number (l).
B) Hund's rule.
C) the magnetic quantum number (ml).
C) the Pauli exclusion principle.
D) the spin quantum number (ms).
D) the periodic law.
E) the magnetic and spin quantum numbers, together.
25. b Which of the following elements will form a cation E) the singularity rule.
with a +2 charge?
A) Si
B) Sr
C) Ga
D) Cs
E) S
26. b QUESTION 8
30. b Combustion of a fat will release more energy than 33. c In a single atom, what is the maximum number of
combustion of an equal mass of carbohydrate electrons which can have quantum number n = 4?
because
A) 16
A) fats contain more bonds to oxygen than
carbohydrates. B) 18
B) fats contain fewer bonds to oxygen than C) 32
carbohydrates.
D) 36
C) the total energy of the carbon-carbon and carbon-
hydrogen bonds in fats is greaterthan the energy E) None of these choices is correct.
content of the carbon-oxygen and oxygen-hydrogen 34. c Arrange aluminum, nitrogen, phosphorus and indium
bonds in thereaction products (carbon dioxide and in order of increasing electronegativity.
water).
A) Al < In < N < P
D) the total energy of the carbon-carbon and carbon-
hydrogen bonds in fats is greaterthan the energy B) Al < In < P < N
content of the bonds in carbohydrates.
C) In < Al < P < N
E) fats have higher molar masses than carbohydrates.
31. C Which of the following is a covalent compound? D) In < P < Al < N
A) Na₂O E) None of these orders is correct.
35. c Nitrogen and hydrogen combine to form ammonia in
B) CaCl₂ the Haber process. Calculate (in kJ) the standard
enthalpy change H° for the reaction written below,
C) Cl₂O using the bond energies given.
D) CsCl N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH₃(g)
E) Al₂O₃ Bond:
32. C In which of these substances are the atoms held
together by polar covalent bonding? N≡N
A) SrCl₂ H-H
B) CsCl N-H
C) ClF Bond energy (kJ/mol): 945 432 391
D) TiF₂ A) -969 kJ
E) S₈ B) -204 kJ
C) -105 kJ
D) 204 kJ
E) 595 kJ
36. c Analysis of an unknown substance showed that it has 40. c Use the Rydberg equation to calculate the frequency
a high boiling point and is brittle. It is an insulator as of a photon absorbed when the hydrogen atom
a solid but conducts electricity when melted. Which of undergoes a transition from n1 = 2 to n2 = 4. (R =
the following substances would have those 1.096776 x 10^7 m^-1)
characteristics?
A) 2.056 x 10^6 s^-1
A) HCl
B) 2.742 x 10^6 s^-1
B) Al
C) 6.165 x 10^14 s^-1
C) KBr
D) 8.226 x 10^14 s^-1
D) SiF₄
E) > 10^15 s^-1
E) I₂ 41. c Select the most basic compound from the following.
37. c The FM station KDUL broadcasts music at 99.1 MHz.
Find the wavelength of these A) Bi₂O₃
waves.
B) SiO₂
A) 1.88 x 10^-2 m
C) Cs₂O
B) 0.330 m
D) Na₂O
C) 3.03 m
E) H₂O
D) 5.33 x 10^2 m 42. c The orientation in space of an atomic orbital is
associated with
E) > 10^3 m
38. c Select the paramagnetic ion. A) the principal quantum number (n).
A) Cu⁺ B) the angular momentum quantum number (l).
B) Ag⁺ C) the magnetic quantum number (ml).
C) Fe³⁺ D) the spin quantum number (ms).
D) Cd²⁺ E) None of these choices is correct.
E) Ca²⁺
39. c A radio wave has a frequency of 8.6 x 10^8 Hz. What
is the energy of one photon of this radiation?
A) 7.7 x 10^-43 J
B) 2.3 x 10^-34 J
C) 5.7 x 10^-25 J
D) 1.7 x 10^-16 J
E) > 10^-15 J
43. c Acetone can be easily converted to isopropyl alcohol 47. D Which of the following is an ionic compound?
by addition of hydrogen to the carbon-oxygen double
bond. Calculate the enthalpy of reaction using the A) H₂S
bond energies given.
B) NH₃
SEE QUESTION 24
C) I₂
Bond: C=O, H-H, C-H, O-H, C-C, C-O
D) KI
Bond energy(kJ/mol): 745, 436, 414, 464, 347, 351
E) CCl₄
A) -484 kJ 48. d Which of the following ions will be most likely to form
when selenium ionizes?
B) -366 kJ
A) Se⁶⁺
C) -48 kJ
B) Se⁴⁺
D) +48 kJ
C) Se²⁺
E) +366 kJ
44. c Which one of the following properties is least D) Se²⁻
characteristic of substances composed of small,
E) Se⁴⁻
covalently-bonded molecules? 49. d Select the correct electron configuration for sulfur (Z
= 16).
A) low melting point
A) 1s² 1p⁶ 2s² 2p⁶
B) low boiling point
B) 1s² 2s² 2p⁸ 3s² 3p⁴
C) weak bonds
C) 1s² 2s² 2p⁸ 3s² 3p²
D) poor electrical conductor when solid
D) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴
E) poor electrical conductor when molten
45. c Which of the following elements has the largest E) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3d⁴
atomic size? 50. d An infrared wave has a wavelength of 6.5 10-4 cm.
What is this distance in angstroms, Å?
A) S
A) 6.5 x 10^-4 Å
B) Ca
B) 2.2 x 10^-4 Å
C) Ba
C) 4.6 x 10^3 Å
D) Po
D) 6.5 x 10^4 Å
E) Rn
46. c QUESTION 9 E) 6.5 x 10^6 Å
51. d The AM station KBOR plays your favorite music from 55. d Which of the following elements is paramagnetic?
the 20s and 30s at 1290 kHz. Find the wavelength of
these waves. A) Kr
A) 4.30 x 10^-2 m B) Zn
B) 0.144 m C) Sr
C) 6.94 m D) V
D) 232 m E) Ar
56. d Which of the following compounds displays the
E) > 10^3 m greatest ionic character in its bonds?
52. d Select the element with the least metallic character.
A) NO2
A) Sn
B) CO2
B) Sr
C) H2O
C) Tl
D) HF
D) Ge
E) NH3
E) Ga 57. d The lattice energy of MgCl2 is the energy change for
53. d Select the correct set of quantum numbers (n, l, m l , which one of the following processes?
m s ) for the highest energy electron in the ground
state of potassium, K. A) Mg (s) + Cl₂ (g) →MgCl₂ (s)
A) 4, 1, -1, 1/2 B) Mg(g) + 2Cl(g) → MgCl₂ (s)
B) 4, 1, 0, 1/2 C) Mg²⁺ (s) + 2Cl⁻ (g) → MgCl₂ (g)
C) 4, 0, 1, 1/2 D) Mg²⁺ (s) + 2Cl⁻ (g) → MgCl₂ (s)
D) 4, 0, 0, 1/2 E) MgCl₂ (aq) → MgCl₂ (s)
58. d Select the strongest bond in the following group.
E) 4, 1, 1, 1/2
54. d Select the diamagnetic ion. A) C-S
A) Cu²⁺ B) C-O
B) Ni²⁺ C) C=C
C) Cr³⁺ D) C≡N
D) Sc³⁺ E) C-F
E) Cr²⁺
59. d Electronegativity is a measure of 63. E For which of the following elements (in their normal,
stable forms) would it be correct to describe the
A) the energy needed to remove an electron from an bonding as involving "electron pooling"?
atom.
A) hydrogen
B) the energy released when an electron is added to
an atom. B) helium
C) the magnitude of the negative charge on an C) sulfur
electron.
D) iodine
D) the attraction by an atom for electrons in a
chemical bond. E) aluminum
64. E Select the correct formula for a compound formed
E) the magnitude of the negative charge on a from barium and nitrogen.
molecule.
60. d Based on electronegativity trends in the periodic A) BaN
table, predict which of the following compounds will
have the greatest % ionic character in its bonds. B) BaN₂
A) H₂O C) Ba₂N₃
B) LiI D) Ba₂N
C) CaO E) Ba₃N₂
65. E Select the compound with the highest lattice energy.
D) RbF
A) CaS(s)
E) HCl
61. E Who developed an empirical equation from which the B) BaO(s)
wavelengths of lines in the spectrum of hydrogen
atoms can be calculated? C) NaI(s)
A) Planck D) LiBr(s)
B) de Broglie E) MgO(s)
66. E Select the arrangement of electromagnetic radiation
C) Bohr which starts with the lowest energy and increases to
greatest energy.
D) Rutherford
A) radio, visible, infrared, ultraviolet
E) Rydberg
62. E In which of these substances are the atoms held B) infrared, visible, ultraviolet, microwave
together by metallic bonding?
C) visible, ultraviolet, infrared, gamma rays
A) CO₂
D) X-radiation, visible, infrared, microwave
B) Si
E) microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet
C) Br₂
D) S₈
E) Cr
67. e Green light has a wavelength of 5200 Å. Calculate the 71. e The lattice energy of CaF2 is the energy change for
energy of one photon of green which one, if any, of the following
light.
processes?
A) 3.4 x 10^-40 J
A) Ca²⁺(s) + 2F⁻ (g)→ CaF₂ (g)
B) 3.4 x 10^-30 J
B) CaF₂(g) → CaF₂(s)
C) 3.8 x 10^-29 J
C) Ca(g) + 2F(g) → CaF₂(s)
D) 3.4 x 10^-27 J
D) CaF₂ (aq) → CaF₂(s)
E) 3.8 x 10^-19 J
68. e Select the correct electron configuration for Te (Z = E) None of these choices is correct.
52). 72. e Select the element with the greatest metallic
character.
A) [Kr] 5s² 5p⁶ 4d⁸
A) Li
B) [Kr] 5s² 5d¹⁰ 5p⁴
B) Ca
C) [Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶
C) Al
D) [Kr] 5s² 4f¹⁴
D) Pb
E) [Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁴
69. e Which of the following atoms will be diamagnetic? E) Cs
73. e Which one of the following equations correctly
A) Cr represents the process relating to the
B) Ru ionization energy of X?
C) Fe A) X(s) → X⁺(g) + e⁻
D) Pt B) X₂ (g) → X⁻(g) + X⁻ (g)
E) Cd C) X(g) + e⁻ → X⁻ (g)
70. e Which of the following is a correct set of quantum
numbers for an electron in a 3d orbital? D) X⁻ (g) → X(g) + e⁻

A) n = 3, l = 0, ml = -1 E) X(g) → X⁺ (g) + e⁻
74. e Which of the following elements is the most
B) n = 3, l = 1, ml = +3 electronegative?
C) n = 3, l = 2, ml = 3 A) Ne
D) n = 3, l = 3, ml = +2 B) Rb
E) n = 3, l = 2, ml = -2 C) P
D) I
E) Cl
75. e Which of the following elements is the least 81. false (T/F)
electronegative?
In the quantum mechanical treatment of
A) Si the hydrogen atom, the probability of
finding an electron at any point is
B) Se proportional to the wave function (trident).
82. false (T/F)
C) S
The electrostatic energy of two charged
D) Sc particles is inversely proportional to the
square of the distance between them.
E) Sr
83. false (T/F)
76. e Infrared radiation from the sun has a wavelength
of 6200 nm. Calculate the energy of one photon of The lattice energy of large ions is greater
that radiation. in magnitude than that of small ions of the
same charge.
A) 4.l x 10^-39 J
84. false (T/F)
B) 4.l x 10^-30 J
The lattice energy is the energy released
C) 3.2 x 10^-29 J when separated ions in the gas phase
combine to form ionic molecules in the gas
D) 3.2 x 10^-26 J phase.
85. metal, Ionic bonding typically occurs when a
E) between 10^-20 and 10^-19 J nonmetal ______________ bonds with a
77. e Which one of the following properties is least ______________.
characteristic of typical ionic compounds? 86. nonmetal, Covalent bonding typically occurs when a
nonmetal ______________ bonds with a
A) high melting point ______________.
B) high boiling point 87. nucleus and When an atom is represented in a Lewis
inner electron dot symbol, the element symbol
C) brittleness electrons, represents ______________ and the dots
valence represent ______________.
electrons
D) poor electrical conductor when solid
88. true (T/F)
E) poor electrical conductor when molten
78. false (T/F) Electron affinities of neutral atoms may be
positive or negative.
Electronegativities on Pauling's scale are calculated 89. true (T/F)
from ionization energies and electron affinities.
79. false (T/F) The maximum number of electrons in an
atom with the same value of n is 2n² .
The more C-O and O-H bonds there are in a 90. true (T/F)
substance, the greater will be the amount of heat
released when a fixed mass of the substance is In forming ions of the first series of
burned. transition metals, the 4s electrons are lost
80. false (T/F) before the 3d electrons.
91. true (T/F)
A single covalent bond consists of a single
delocalized electron pair. Atomic size decreases across a period due
to an increase in the effective nuclear
charge,
92. true (T/F)
No real bonds are 100% ionic in character.
93. true (T/F)
Continuous spectra are characteristic of heated solids.
94. true (T/F)
Line spectra are characteristic of atoms in the gas phase.
95. true (T/F)
Covalently bonded substances do not necessarily exist as separate molecules.
96. true (T/F)
Bond energy increases as bond order increases, for bonding between a given pair of atoms.
97. true (T/F)
The electrostatic energy of two charged particles is inversely proportional to the distance between them.
98. true (T/F)
The majority of elements are good electrical conductors when in solid form.
99. true (T/F)
In the quantum mechanical treatment of the hydrogen atom, the energy depends on the principal quantum number n
but not on the values of l or ml.