Troubleshooting

V1.1

Unitrans
Unitrans D&T
D&T Group
Group

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 content
Ü Troubleshooting Procedures

ð Basic Principles of Troubleshooting

ð Basic Considerations for Fault Location

ð Common Methods of Locating Fault

ð Handling of Classified Faults

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 Troubleshooting Procedures

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 content
ð Troubleshooting Procedures

Ü Basic Principles of Troubleshooting

ð Basic Considerations for Fault Location

ð Common Methods of Locating Fault

ð Handling of Classified Faults

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 Basic Principles of Troubleshooting
In handling the equipment faults, the maintainers should
observe these basic principles:

1. Check
2. Inquire
3. think
4. take action.

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 Basic Principles of Troubleshooting
1. Checking
After the maintenance personnel arrive at the site, check
the fault symptoms carefully, such as which part of the
equipment has faults, what kinds of alarms is generated,
how serious the faults and the what damages they bring
about. Only by taking all the equipment symptoms into
consideration, can you see through the essence of the
problem.

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 Basic Principles of Troubleshooting

2. Inquiring
After observing the fault symptoms, you should ask the
on-site operation personnel whether there are direct reason
for the fault, such as, modify data, delete file, and replace
circuit board, power failure and lightning strike.

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 Basic Principles of Troubleshooting

3. Thinking

After observing the symptoms and querying the operators, you

can analyze using you know-how, locate the fault, find the fault
point, and work out the cause of the fault.

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 Basic Principles of Troubleshooting

4. Taking actions
After locating the fault point through the above three steps,
the maintainers can remove the fault by performing
proper operations, e.g., modifying the configuration data,
replacing the board.

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 content
ð Troubleshooting Procedures

ð Basic Principles of Troubleshooting

Ü Basic Considerations for Fault Location

ð Common Methods of Locating Fault

ð Handling of Classified Faults

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 Basic Considerations for Fault Location
1. Fault cause
Engineering Problems
Engineering problem refers to substandard or inferior
construction of the project which results in equipment fault.
In order to prevent such problems, you should strictly
observe the engineering specifications to perform
construction and installation and carry out the single-site
and whole-network debugging and test.

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 Basic Considerations for Fault Location
External Causes
1. Power failure, e.g., equipment power failure, too low supply
voltage.
2. Fiber fault: Performance deterioration of fiber, wear and tear
of fiber, fiber cut, poor contact of fiber connector.
3. Cable fault, e.g., relay dropped or broken, ill contact of cable
connector.
4. Improper grounding of equipment.
5. Deteriorated environment around the equipment.

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 Basic Considerations for Fault Location

Improper Operations
Improper operations refer to inappropriate operations
performed by the maintainers due to lack of in-depth
understanding on the equipment, which result in equipment
fault.

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 Basic Considerations for Fault Location
Equipment Interconnection Problem
The ZXMP M800/M900 equipment can access diverse optical
signals such as STM-1/STM-4/STM-16 and GE, which are
transparently transmitted. Unsuccessful interconnection is usually
caused by the optical components features.
The causes for equipment interconnection failure include:
1. Improper fiber connection, more often, incorrect connection of the optical
interfaces during maintenance.
2. Problems of the SDH equipment itself.
3. Performance deterioration of the OTU, SRM and GEM boards.

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 Basic Considerations for Fault Location
Equipment Causes
Equipment causes refer to the factors of the transmission
equipment itself which result in faults, including damaged
equipment, and unsound boards. Equipment damage means that
some boards are damaged naturally due to aging after the
equipment run for some time.
Equipment damage is characterized by the following: The
equipment, which has been running for a long period of time, is
basically normal prior to a breakdown, and faults occur to
individual point, board, or will not appear until some external
causes impose their influence.

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 Basic Considerations for Fault Location
2. Principles of Fault Location
It is critical to locate the fault accurately to a specific site.

General principles of locating faults:

1. In locating the fault, you should check the external factors first, e.g.,
fiber cut, switching fault, and power failure, and then consider the
factors of the transmission equipment.
2. Try your best to accurately locate the site with problems, and then
locate faults to the specific board.
3. At the time of alarm analysis, you should analyze high level alarms
first, and then the low level alarms.

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 content
ð Troubleshooting Procedures

ð Basic Principles of Troubleshooting

ð Basic Considerations for Fault Location

Ü Common Methods of Locating Fault

ð Handling of Classified Faults

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 Common Methods of Locating Fault
Common Methods of Locating Fault

1. Observation & Analysis Method

2. Instrument Test Method
3. Unplugging/Plugging
4. Replacement Method
5. Configuration Data Analysis Method
6. Reconfiguration Method

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 content
ð Troubleshooting Procedures

ð Basic Principles of Troubleshooting

ð Basic Considerations for Fault Location

ð Common Methods of Locating Fault

Ü Handling of Classified Faults

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 Handling of Classified Faults
1. Communication Fault
Faults occur

Switching
Fault delimitation and side Coordinate with the switching
nature determination crew for troubleshooting

Transmission side

Transmission fault SDH side

delimitation and nature Coordinate with SDH
determination for troubleshooting

WDM side

Execute WDM
troubleshooting flow

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 Handling of Classified Faults
2. Bit Error Problem
1. External causes: The optical fiber connector is not clean
or is not correctly connected; the optical fiber incurs
deteriorated performance and an excessive loss; the
equipment is grounded improperly; there is a strong
interference source nearby; the equipment works in a high
temperature environment without proper heat dissipation.
2. Equipment causes: OTU transmission performance
deterioration; other board problems.

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 Handling of Classified Faults
Example
A B C D
ch1 λ1 λ1 λ1 ch1
OTUT1 OTUG1 OTUR1

OMU
OMU

ODU

ODU
┇ BA LA PA ┇ BA PA ┇
chn λn λn λn chn
OTUTn OTUGn OTURn

Error code is detected by OTU. Find out the error code start station.

If all-wave error code: a. OSNR, b. optical power

① If only D has all-wave error, fault may happen at the RS between C—D.
② If C also has all-wave error code, fault may happen at the RS between
A—C.

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 Handling of Classified Faults

If single-wave error code:

① If only one OTUR at D has single-wave error:

a. That OTUR fault.
b. That OTUR receiving power is abnormal (too low or
too high).
c. Error forward from the station before D.
“Fault at the sending or receiving OTU”
Handling: first clean and then change.
② If the first station detects error, fault may happen at SDH
side.

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 Handling of Classified Faults

3. Optical Power Problem

Causes for optical power decrease:
① 1. The transmission performance of the pigtail is
deteriorated due to external influence.
② 2. A fault occurs to the optical transmitting module of
the accessed SDH equipment.
③ 3. The performance of the optical equipment of the
ZXMP M900 is deteriorated.
④ 4. Increase of fiber line loss.

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 Handling of Classified Faults
Solution
1. Record the related power value and original data.
Compare them and find the point where the two
values differ greatly.
2. Test the optical power of the point with a meter.
Note that the test may affect other services.
3. Check the pigtail of the faulty point, replace the
damaged pigtail.

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 Handling of Classified Faults

4. Equipment Interconnection Problem

The fault causes include:

① 1. Improper fiber connection, more often, incorrect
connection of the optical interfaces during
maintenance.
② 2. Problems of the SDH equipment itself.
③ 3. Performance deterioration of the OTU board.

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 Handling of Classified Faults
Solution
1. Check whether the pigtails are connected incorrectly according
to the pasted labels. If any fiber is connected incorrectly, there may
be no input signal loss alarm to the equipment, but a lot of
abnormal performance values may be generated.
2. Analyze the quantity of the ZXMP M900 output signals with the
spectrum analyzer. The signal quality can be improved by raising
the output optical power of the opposite OTU board

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 Handling of Classified Faults
5. ECC Fault
Causes for ECC fault:
① 1. Receive and transmit optical powers are abnormal.
② 2. Power supply failure, such as equipment power failure or too
lower power supply voltage.
③ 3. Internal connection problems of the ECC equipment, mainly
fiber faults, such as fiber performance deterioration, too high
loss or fiber damaged or broken.
④ 4. NCP board fault.
⑤ 5. OSC board fault.
⑥ 6. There are a lot of performance data reported by the NE to the
NMS, causing ECC to be blocked

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 Handling of Classified Faults
Solution
1. Analyze the performance data of the OSC board to remove
external factors, such as power failure, optical fiber break, and
optical fiber performance deterioration.
2. Reset the NCP board at the fault site. If login is still
impossible, pull out this NCP board to let ECC pass through,
and see if login to the downstream NE is possible. If login still
fails, the OSC board might get faulty. In this case, replace the
OSC board.
3. If login to the downstream site is successful, check or replace
the NCP board at the local site.

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 Handling of Classified Faults

6. Order Wire Problem

Cause:
① 1. External causes: power failure, fiber cut-off and
incorrect phone set setting.
② 2. Improper operation: wrong data configuration on the
order wire board.
③ 3. Equipment causes: NCP and order wire board faults.

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 Handling of Classified Faults
Solution
1. Check optical channels. If the optical channel cannot be
connected, the order wire cannot be connected. In this case, you
need to observe whether an alarm occurs on the optical line.
2. Replace the order wire phone to check whether the phone fails.
3. Check the OHP board to observe the indicator and the NMS
alarms. You can determine whether the board gets faulty using the
plugging/unplugging method and replacement method.
4. Check the configuration on the OHP board.

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 Handling of Classified Faults

7. NMS Connection Fault

Fault Causes
① 1. External causes: Power supply faults, such as equipment
power failure or too lower power supply voltage; fiber
faults, such as fiber performance deterioration or too high
loss.
② 2. Improper operations: incorrect configurations.
③ 3. Equipment fault: NMS computer network adapter fault,
board fault, and ECC channel block.

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 Handling of Classified Faults

Solution
1. Check external causes, e.g., power failure; fiber
performance degradation.
2. Check whether the NMS configuration is incorrect.
3. Use the test method to perform self-loop in each
segment and locate the faulty NE.
4. Check the board through observation and analysis.

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 univ.zte.com.cn
univ.zte.com.cn

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