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AN142
Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4
Philips Semiconductors Application note
AUDIO CIRCUITS USING THE NE5532/33/34 actually five individual active filters with the same feedback design
The following will explain some of Philips Semiconductors low noise for all five. The main difference in all five stages is the values of C5
op amps and show their use in some audio applications. and C6, which are responsible for setting the center frequency of
each stage. Linear pots are recommended for R9. To simplify use of
this circuit, a component value table is provided, which lists center
DESCRIPTION frequencies and their associated capacitor values. Notice that C5
The 5532 is a dual high-performance low noise operational amplifier. equals (10) C6, and that the Value of R8 and R10 are related to R9
Compared to most of the standard operational amplifiers, such as by a factor of 10 as well. The values listed in the table are common
the 1458, it shows better noise performance, improved output drive and easily found standard values.
capability and considerably higher small-signal and power
bandwidths.
RIAA EQUALIZATION AUDIO PREAMPLIFIER
This makes the device especially suitable for application in high
USING NE5532A
quality and professional audio equipment, instrumentation and
With the onset of new recording techniques with sophisticated
control circuits, and telephone channel amplifiers. The op amp is
playback equipment, a new breed of low noise operational amplifiers
internally-compensated for gains equal to one. If very low noise is of
was developed to complement the state-of-the-art in audio
prime importance, it is recommended that the 5532A version be
reproduction. The first ultra-low noise op amp introduced by Philips
used which has guaranteed noise voltage specifications.
Semiconductors was called the NE5534A. This is a single
operational amplifier with less than 4nV/√Hz input noise voltage. The
NE5534A is internally-compensated at a gain of three. This device
APPLICATIONS has been used in many audio preamp and equalizer (active filter)
The Philips Semiconductors 5532 High-Performance Op Amp is an applications since its introduction early last year.
ideal amplifier for use in high quality and professional audio
equipment which requires low noise and low distortion. Many of the amplifiers that are being designed today are
DC-coupled. This means that very low frequencies (2-15Hz) are
The circuit included in this application note has been assembled on being amplified. These low frequencies are common to turntables
a PC board, and tested with actual audio input devices (Tuner and because of rumble and tone arm resonances. Since the amplifiers
Turntable). It consists of an RIAA (Recording Industry Association of can reproduce these sub-audible tones, they become quite
America) preamp, input buffer, 5-band equalizer, and mixer. objectionable because the speakers try to reproduce these tones.
Although the circuit design is not new, its performance using the This causes non-linearities when the actual recorded material is
5532 has been improved. amplified and converted to sound waves.
The RIAA preamp section is a standard compensation configuration The RIAA has proposed a change in its standard playback response
with low frequency boost provided by the Magnetic cartridge and the curve in order to alleviate some of the problems that were previously
RC network in the op amp feedback loop. Cartridge loading is discussed. The changes occur primarily at the low frequency range
accomplished via R1. 47k was chosen as a typical value, and may with a slight modification to the high frequency range (See Figure
differ from cartridge to cartridge. 2). Note that the response peak for the bass section of the playback
The Equalizer section consists of an input buffer, 5 active variable curve now occurs at 31.5Hz and begins to roll off below that
band pass/notch (depending on R9’s setting) filters, and an output frequency. The roll-off occurs by introducing a fourth RC network
summing amplifier. The input buffer is a standard unity gain design with a 7950µs time constant to the three existing networks that
providing impedance matching between the preamplifier and the make up the equalization circuit. The high end of the equalization
equalizer section. Because the 5532 is internally-compensated, no curve is extended to 20kHz, because recordings at these
external compensation is required. The 5-band active filter section is frequencies are achievable on many current discs.
C5
Equ In 5
C1 RIAA Out +
RIAA 3 7 R7 R8 R7
+ 1/2 5532
1 R5 6
1/2 5532 –
2 R9 C6 R9
R1 – R5 R11
R2 R3
2
– R10 C7
1 + 6
– FLAT
C2 C3 1/2 5532 TO VOL./
3 7
+ 1/2 5532 BAL AMP
5 + EQUALIZE
R4
REPEAT ABOVE CIRCUIT
C4 FOR DESIRE NO. OF
STAGES.
R12
SL00850
–25
OLD RIAA
–20
–15
–10
NEW RIAA
–5
(db)5
10
15
20
25
30
1984 Oct 3
Philips Semiconductors Application note
–15V
.1µF
.27µF
–
INPUT +
3 8
TO LOAD
47K NE5532A 1
2 4
–
+
.1µF
–15V
+ SL00853
49.9K
49.9 Figure 4.
.056µF 4.99K Assume a signal input square wave with dV/dt of 250V/µs and 2V
peak amplitude as shown. If a 22pF compensation capacitor is
47µF
inserted and the R1 C1 circuit deleted, the device slew rate falls to
.015µF approximately 7V/µs. The input waveform will reach 2V/250V/µs or
8ns, while the output will have changed (8×10-3) only 56mV. The
NOTE: differential input signal is then (VIN-VO) RI/RI+RF or approximately
All resistors are 1% metal film. SL00852 1V.
Figure 3. RIAA Phonograph Preamplifier Using The diode limiter will definitely be active and output distortion will
the NE5532A occur; therefore, VIN<1V as indicated.
Next, a sine wave input is used with a similar circuit.
NE5533/34 DESCRIPTION The slew rate of the input waveform now depends on frequency and
the 5533/5534 are dual and single high-performance low noise the exact expression is
operational amplifiers. Compared to other operational amplifiers,
dv
such as TL083, they show better noise performance, improved 2 cos t
dt
output drive capability and considerably higher small-signal and
power bandwidths. The upper limit before slew rate distortion occurs for small-signal
This makes the devices especially suitable for application in high (VIN<100mV) conditions is found by setting the slew rate to 7V/µs.
quality and professional audio equipment, instrumentation and That is:
control circuits, and telephone channel amplifiers.
7 x 10 6Vs 2 cos t
The op amps are internally-compensated for gain equal to, or higher
than, three. The frequency response can be optimized with an at ωt = 0
external compensation capacitor for various applications (unity gain
amplifier, capacitive load, slew rate, low overshoot, etc.) If very low 7x10 6
LIMIT 3.5x10 6rads
noise is of prime importance, it is recommended that the 2
5533A/5534A version be used which has guaranteed noise
3.5x10 6
specifications. f LIMIT 560kHz
2
APPLICATIONS
Diode Protection of Input
The input leads of the device are protected from differential
transients above ±0.6V by internal back-to-back diodes. Their
presence imposes certain limitations on the amplifier dynamic
characteristics related to closed-loop gain and slew rate.
Consider the unity gain follower as an example:
1984 Oct 4
Philips Semiconductors Application note
22pF
1K
NE
5534
SL00854
Figure 5.
Rf
5 22pF
Rj
2V – CC
0
2 8
R1 NE
0 5534 6 –VO
–Vi C1 3
+
∆t1
∆t2
SL00855
Figure 6.
1 GAIN
90
1K
R
LAG 45
NETWORK NE5534
SL00856
0
Figure 7. 0 0.1 1.0 10 50
MHz
SL00857
Figure 8.
1984 Oct 5
Philips Semiconductors Application note
PHASE
applications because of their high gain and easily-tailored frequency
0 response.
–180o
0 0.1 1.0 10 50
MHz
RUMBLE FILTER
SL00858
Following the amplifier stage, rumble and scratch filters are often
Figure 9. used to improve overall quality. Such a filter designed with op amps
The major problem to be overcome is poor phase margin leading to uses the 2-pole Butterworth approach and features switchable break
instability. points. With the circuit of Figure 15, any degree of filtering from
fairly sharp to none at all is switch-selectable.
By choosing the lag network break frequency one decade below the
unity gain crossover frequency (30-50MHz), the phase and gain
margin are improved. An appropriate value for R is 270Ω. Setting TONE CONTROL
the lag network break frequency at 5MHz, C may be calculated Tone control of audio systems involves altering the flat response in
1
C + order to attain more low frequencies or more high ones, dependent
2 @ 270 @ 5x10 6 upon listener preference. The circuit of Figure 16 provides 20dB of
+ 118pF bass or treble boost or cut as set by the variable resistance. The
actual response of the circuit is shown also.
1984 Oct 6
Philips Semiconductors Application note
RF CF
RIN
2 RF
VIN –
6
VOUT
3
8 RIN
+
–
5 VIN
C1 C1
VOUT
SL00860
NOTE:
Input diodes limit differential to <0.5V
SL00861
1984 Oct 7
Philips Semiconductors Application note
30 40
TURN OVER FREQUENCIES TURN OVER FREQUENCIES
25
50Hz, 500Hz, 2122Hz 50Hz, 3180Hz
35
20
TIME CONSTANTS TIME CONSTANTS
15 3150µs 30 3150µs
318µs 50µs
75µs
10 25
5
20
0
–5 15
–10 10
–15
5
–20
–25 0
–30
10 100 1K 10K 100K 10 100 1K 10K 100K
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)
TIME CONSTANTS
30 3150µs
125µs
RELATIVE GAIN (dB)
25
20
15
10
25 5
TURN OVER FREQUENCY 1kHz TURN OVER FREQUENCY 2122 CPS
20 TIME CONSTANT 75µs
0
15
–5
10
RELATIVE GAIN (dB)
–10
RELATIVE GAIN (dB)
0 –15
–5
–20
–10
–25
–15
–30
–20
–25 –35
10 100 1K 10K 100K 10 100 1K 10K 100K
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)
d. Base Treble Curve e. Standard FM Broadcast Equalization
SL00862
Figure 13.
1984 Oct 8
Philips Semiconductors Application note
–15V
0.22
INPUT +
NE5534 OUTPUT
RSL 1.1M
–
1.1K
–15V
20µF 100K 1M RIAA NAB
750pF 0.0033
NOTES:
1.1M
*Select to provide specified transducer loading.
Output Noise ≥0.8mVRMS (with input shorted) 16K 0.003
50
50 ACTUAL RESPONSE
GAIN — dB
BODE PLOT 40 ACTUAL
GAIN — dB
40 RESPONSE
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0 101 102 103 104 105
101 102 103 104 105
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FREQUENCY (Hz)
b. Bode Plot of RIAA Equalization and the Response c. Bode Plot of NAB Equalization and the Response
Realized in an Actual Circuit Using the 531. Realized in the Actual Circuit Using the 531.
SL00863
Figure 14. Preamplifier - RIAA/NAB Compensation
1984 Oct 9
Philips Semiconductors Application note
20K 1
10K 2
– – 100
6.8K 3
0.1 0.1 NE5534 NE5534
0022
+ 4 +
220k 1
75k 2 20K
47k 3 10K
0056
27k 4 6.8K
39k
22k 20K
13k 10K
6.8K
1µF +140
10K 100K 10K MAX MAX
INPUT BASS
+30 TREBLE
BOOST BOOST
+20
0.033µF 0.033µF V+
GAIN (dB)
+10
10K
0
+ OUTPUT
A 5V –10
– PEAK TO PEAK
3.3K
–20
0.033µF 0.033µF 68K MAX MAX
V– –30 BASS TREBLE
CUT CUT
100K –40
10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
NOTES:
FREQUENCY (Hz)
1. Amplifier A may be a NE531 or 301. Frequency compensation, as for unity gain non-inverting amplifiers, must be used.
2. Turn-over frequency - 1kHz.
3. Base boost +20dB, bass cut -20dB, treble boost +19dB at 20Hz, treble cut -19dB at 20Hz.
1984 Oct 10
Philips Semiconductors Application note
100K
0.5
A IN –
LEVEL 1/2
5533
100K +
220pF –
100K 1/2 A OUT
5533
4.7K 120 +
LOUDNESS
IN
BALANCE OUT
26K 1.2K
4.7K 100K
.33
100K
0.5
B IN –
1/2
100K 5533
+ 220pF
–
100K 1/2 B OUT
1290 5533
+
1.2K
.33 100K
NOTE:
All resistor values are in ohms.
SL00866
R3 +V
R3
INPUT R1
R4 200K R4
+ R3 –
50K OUTPUT
NE5534 OUTPUT NE5534
R2
– +
R1 100
R5
100K
V RANGE = V ( RR21 )
50K
RANGE = V ( RR2 ) INPUT R5
R2 1 GAIN = 1 +
100 NOTE: R4 = R2
All resistor values are in ohms. SL00868
1984 Oct 11
Philips Semiconductors Application note
V+ BIAS CURRENT
COMPENSATION
R3 R1
Q3
Q2
R2
Q1 –
NE5534 EOUT
EIN + SELECT R2 AND R3
FOR
DESIRED CURRENT
V– SL00869
Figure 20. Bias Current Compensation
1984 Oct 12