1. Which combination of factors contributed most to the 7.

Which would be the most appropriate entry for line D in

start of the Great Depression of the 1930s? the list below
a. immigration restrictions and lack of skilled workers
b. high taxes and overspending on social welfare a. The Cold War at home
programs A. The McCarthy hearings
c. United States war debts and the declining value of the B. Alger Hiss case
dollar C. HUAC
d. overproduction and the excessive use of credit D. __________________
e. government intervention of business and excessive
taxes a. Labor unrest
b. Racial segregation
2. The clash between FDR and the United States Supreme c. Wage and price controls
Court over New Deal laws best illustrates the operation of d. Consumerism
a. federalism e. Loyalty oaths
b. due process
c. checks and balances 8. “Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”
d. the two-party system -Brown v. Board of Education
e. representative socialism The effect of this Supreme Court ruling was to
a. establish affirmative action programs in higher
3. The National Industrial Recovery Act and the National education
Labor Relations Act are often cited as evidence that New b. require the integration of public schools
Deal legislation c. desegregate the armed forces and the military
a. tried to keep the costs of labor down academies
b. sympathized with the interests of workers d. force states to spend an equal amount of cash on each
c. blamed unions for slowing economic recovery public school student
d. favored management over unions e. allow cities to have similar governmental structures
e. established policies and procedure for effective labor
strikes 9. In a farewell message to the American public, President
Eisenhower warned of the growth of the “Military-
4. An immediate effect of the Lend-Lease program was that industrial complex.” This term refers to the
a. Western Europe recovered from the damage caused a. influence of defense contractors on Congress
by WWI b. threat from the Soviet Army
b. the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact c. internal danger from Communist spies
c. Japan declared war against the United States d. economy’s dependence on oil imported from the
d. the depression in the United States came to an Middle East
immediate halt e. beginning of a major depression in the United States
e. the United States provided critical aid to Great
Britain and the Soviet Union 10. President Eisenhower’s “modern Republicanism” can best
be described as
5. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 is an a. a return to the economic policies of Coolidge and
illustration of the Hoover
a. impact a single event can have on public opinion in a b. a general acceptance of the New Deal programs and a
time of crisis balanced budget
b. effectiveness of a policy of appeasement in stopping c. an effort to shift taxes from the wealthy to lower
aggression income Americans
c. success of the pacifist movement in the United States d. opposition to all liberal causes, including civil rights
d. role of communism as a negative influence in global e. the return of social and welfare programs to the states
affairs
e. weaken state of American military due to the Great 11. John Foster Dulles’ “new look” to U.S. foreign policy
Depression included all of the following EXCEPT
a. taking Communist nations to brink of war to force
6. Which congressional action not only raised money for them to back down
World War II but also contributed to the national debt? b. threatening massive retaliation with nuclear weapons
a. requiring employers to withhold taxes from workers’ to prevent Soviet aggression
paychecks c. supporting the liberation of captive” nations
b. raising income tax rates d. recognizing the Communist government of China
c. selling war bonds e. reducing conventional forces of the U.S. Army and
d. enacting wage and price controls Navy
e. participating the cash and carry program
12. U.S. intervention in Iran in 1953 and Guatemala in 1954
are examples of
a. The use of covert action by the CIA
b. The application of the Eisenhower Doctrine
c. U.S. efforts to stop the proliferation of nuclear
weapons
d. The use of U.S. troops to support democratic
governments
e. The policy of brinkmanship
13. “We declare that however acute the two systems – the
socialist and the capitalist – we must solve questions in
dispute among states not by war, but by diplomatic
negotiation.” This statement by Nikita Khrushchev in
1957 expressed the idea of
a. massive retaliation
b. de-Stalinization
c. inevitability of the triumph of communism
d. peaceful coexistence
e. cultural revolution
14. Which of the following represented a major crisis during
Eisenhower’s presidency?
a. Cuban missile crisis
b. Invasion of South Korea
c. Spirit of Camp David
d. British, French, and Israeli invasion of Egypt
e. Blockade of Berlin
15. In the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the
Supreme Court ruled that
a. Segregated facilities must be equal
b. African Americans and whites must have equal
access to public transportation
c. Racially segregated schools are inherently unequal
and unconstitutional
d. Nonviolent protests are protected by the First
Amendment
e. Voting rights must apply equally to whites and
African Americans
16. The Montgomery bus boycott and Greensboro lunch
counter sit-ins are examples of
a. Enforcement by the Justice Department of the Brown
decision
b. President Eisenhower’s use of federal troops to end
segregation
c. Court-initiated efforts to end racial discrimination
d. Failures of nonviolent direct action by the NAACP
e. Protests against segregation coming from the African
American community
17. During the 1950s, all of the following contributed to a
more homogeneous culture EXCEPT
a. Building of the interstate highway system
b. The soil-bank program
c. Television programming
d. Spread of franchise operations
e. Growth of the suburbs
18. The U.S. during the years of Eisenhower were
characterized by
a. Decreased spending for defense
b. Breakup of conglomerates
c. Increased tension between Protestants, Catholics, and
Jews
d. Increased middle-class affluence
e. Radical protests on college campuses
19. In combating the depression, President Herbert Hoover
favored all of the following EXCEPT
a. federal relief programs for the unemployed
b. state and local relief programs
c. business maintaining wages and employment
d. private volunteer efforts
e. emergency financing for banks and railroads
20. “The New Deal brought sweeping changes in American
politics and society.” Each of the following actions
supports this statement EXCEPT
a. Roosevelt’s use of federal deficit spending
b. A majority of African Americans voting for
Democratic candidates
c. Passage of the Social Security Act
d. Increased spending by consumers
e. Increased power of labor unions
21. The New Deal legislation that has had the widest impact
over the past 60 years is the
a. Wagner Act
b. National Industrial Recovery Act (NRA)
c. Banking Act (FDIC)
d. National Housing Act (FHA)
e. Social Security Act
22. “Economic indicators during Hoover’s presidency
reached new lows.” Which of these indicators went UP
instead of down?
a. farm prices
b. unemployment
c. national income
d. GNP
e. earnings
23. Of the following, the greatest threat to Franklin D.
Roosevelt and the New Deal was
a. Huey Long
b. A. Phillip Randolph
c. Father Coughlin
d. Mary McLeod Bethune
e. Herbert Hoover
24. Which of the following pairs of people is closely
identified with the bonus march?
a. Herbert Hover and Douglas MacArthur
b. Franklin Roosevelt and Eleanor Roosevelt
c. Harry Hopkins and Frances Perkins
d. John L. Lewis and John Maynard Keynes
e. Alf Landon and Al Smith
25. All of the following were passed or created by Congress
during the second New Deal EXCEPT
a. the Social Security Act
b. the Wagner Act
c. the Works Progress Administration
d. the Resettlement Administration
e. the National Recovery Administration
26. All of the following played a role in causing the Great
Depression EXCEPT
a. uneven distribution of wealth
b. weak farm economy
c. overproduction of consumer goods
d. low tariffs
e. practice of buying stocks with borrowed money
27. The New Deal implemented theories of John Maynard
Keynes that stressed the importance of
a. a balanced federal budget
b. deficit spending for “pump priming”
c. a laissez-faire policy toward business
d. “trickle-down” economic theory
e. high-tariff protectionism
28. In response to conservative rulings of the Supreme Court,
President Roosevelt took action that resulted in
a. his first major legislative defeat
b. passage of a law recognizing the judicial branch
c. his reelection in 1936
d. New Deal laws being declared unconstitutional
e. Enactment of legislation known as the third New
Deal
29. U.S. economic expansion after WWII was encouraged by
all of the following EXCEPT
a. Office of Price Administration
b. Veterans’ loans
c. Increased savings from the war years
d. High demand for consumer goods
e. Increase in per capita income
30. President Truman’s domestic policies included support for
all of the following EXCEPT
a. a full-employment bill
b. increase in the minimum wage
c. national health care insurance
d. desegregating the armed forces
e. the Taft-Hartley Act
31. Which of the following was NOT a major issue between
the Soviet Union and the U.S. in the postwar years 1945-
1950?
a. establishment in Communist governments in Eastern
Europe
b. occupation zones in Japan
c. access to Berlin
d. Marshall Plan aid
e. Development and control of atomic weapons
32. “In these circumstances, it is clear that the main element
of any United States policy toward the Soviet Union must
be that of a long-term, patient, but firm and vigilant
containment of Russian expansive tendencies. It is
important to note, however, that such a policy has nothing
to do with outward histrionics, with threats or blustering
or superfluous gestures of outward ‘toughness.’”
a. President Roosevelt’s speech at the Yalta conference
b. Winston Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech
c. George Marshall’s introduction to his Marshall Plan
d. George Kennan’s article, “the Sources of Soviet
Conduct”
e. General MacArthur’s letter to Congressman Joseph
Martin
33. The Primary purpose of the Marshall Plan was to
a. end the rift between the U.S. and the Soviet Union
b. establish a uniform world currency
c. aid the economic recovery of war-devastated Europe
d. set up a military alliance of anticommunist nations
e. hinder the economic recover of nations under Soviet
control
34. Which U.S. action is NOT correctly paired with an event
in international politics?
a. airlift – Soviet blockade of Berlin
b. troops sent to Korea – Churchill’s Iron Curtain
speech
c. Truman Doctrine – civil war in Greece
d. Marshall Plan – growing popularity of communism in
Western Europe
e. Development of hydrogen bomb – A-bomb tested in
Soviet Union
35. Which of the following was NOT an issue during the
Korean War?
a. whether to expand the war by attacking China
b. whether North Korea had committed aggression
c. whether Congress should have declared war
d. the removal of General Douglass MacArthur
e. the policies of containment and “limited war”
36. Which of the following contributed the LEAST to the
growth of the Red Scare in the 1950s?
a. loss of atomic bomb secrets to the Soviets
b. Army-McCarthy hearings
c. Alger Hiss case
d. Fall of China to the Communists
e. Investigations by the House Un-American Activities
Committee
37. Which of the following BEST describes Truman’s foreign
policy from 1945 to 1952?
a. reluctance to involve the United States in foreign
conflicts
b. willingness to negotiate differences with the Soviet
Union
c. aggressive use of U.S. troops in Europe and Asia
d. commitment to containing Communist challenges
e. extending foreign aid only with U.N. approval
38. A principal reason for defeat of most Fair Deal programs
was
a. opposition by Republicans in Congress
b. outbreak of the Second Red Scare
c. McCarthy’s accusations
d. Truman’s lack of experience in domestic policy
e. Dewey’s speeches in the election of 1948
39. Which of the following phrases accurately describes
Franklin Roosevelt’s good-neighbor policy?
a. search for improved relations with Canada
b. abandonment of the Open Door Policy in China
c. U.S. pledge not to intervene in Latin America
d. Diplomatic recognition of the Soviet Union
e. Commitment to the democracies of Europe
40. United States participation in the United Nations and the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) after World
War II demonstrated that the United States
a. recognized the importance of international
cooperation
b. returned to the policy it followed after World War I
c. believed in the principle of hemispheric isolation
d. embraced a postwar policy of strict neutrality
Americans
e. replace racial segregation with an integrated society
45. Consequences of Truman’s decision to use the atomic
bomb against Japan included all of the following
EXCEPT
a. the surrender of Japan
b. the end of WWII
c. full-scale invasion of Japan by U.S. troops
d. destruction of two Japanese cities
e. the deaths of thousands of civilians
46. At which of the following did Stalin agree to hold free
elections in the countries of Eastern Europe?
a. London
b. Casablanca
c. Teheran
d. Yalta
e. San Francisco
47. Which is an accurate characterization of how U.S. foreign
policy changed from 1938 to 1941?
a. from neutrality to support for Britain
b. from isolationism to neutrality
c. from intervention in Latin America to the good-
neighbor policy
d. from hostility to Japan to diplomatic efforts to
appease Japanese
e. from pro-German policies to anti-Japanese policies

41. Which of the following was an expression of isolationism 48. From 1942 to 1945, the U.S. was allied with
in the 1930s? a. Great Britain only
a. Roosevelt’s “quarantine” speech b. Great Britain and the Soviet Union
b. The good-neighbor policy c. France, Spain, and the Soviet Union
c. The Nye Committee d. Italy and Great Britain
d. Recognition of the Soviet Union e. No other nation
e. “cash and carry” policy
49. Of the following, the one with the most far-reaching
42. In the 1930s, the foreign policies of Japan and the U.S. influence on American society’s development in the post-
were chiefly in conflict over WWII period was the
a. U.S. control of the Philippines a. GI Bill
b. Japanese invasion of China b. Baby boom
c. U.S. isolationism c. Taft-Hartley Act
d. Ideological differences d. Fair Deal Program
e. Internment of Japanese Americans e. Employment Act

43. On the WWII home front, U.S. involvement brought 50. In the 1920s and 1930s, isolationists often cited the words
about and warnings of
a. increased labor violence a. James Madison
b. increased spending on consumer goods b. James Monroe
c. increased employment for women c. George Washington
d. strict limits on corporate profits d. Theodore Roosevelt
e. an end to deficit spending by the federal government e. Woodrow Wilson

44. In Korematsu v. U.S. the Supreme Court upheld the

government’s practice of
a. placing quotas on Japanese immigration
b. embargoing trade with Japan
c. providing financial compensation for victims of
discrimination
d. placing Japanese Americans in internment camps
e. drafting men into the armed services in peacetime
UNEMPLOYMENT STATISTICS, 1929-1939 Conference (1945)
Total Labor Numbered Percent a. the invasion of Sicily.
Year Force Unemployed Unemployed b. the establishment of a Council of Foreign Ministers
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- to draft peace treaties.
1929 49,180,000 1,550,000 3.2 c. a commitment to open a second front in France.
1930 49,820,000 4,340,000 8.7 d. an agreement to divide Germany into four military
1931 50,420,000 8,020,000 15.9 zones.
1932 51,000,000 12,060,000 23.6 e. the Soviet Union agreed to enter the war against
1933 51,590,000 12,830,000 24.9 Japan once Germany was defeated.
1934 52,230,000 11,340,000 21.7
1935 52,870,000 10,610,000 20.1 57. The mood of the "Beat Generation" is best reflected in
1936 53,440,000 9,030,000 16.9 which of the following?
1937 54,000,000 7,700,000 14.3 a. Jack Kerouac's On the Road.
1938 54,610,000 10,390,000 19.0 b. F. Scott Fitzgerald's This Side of Paradise.
1939 55,230,000 9,480,000 17.2 c. Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- d. J. D. Sallinger's Catcher in the Rye.
51. These unemployment statistics indicate that e. James Joyce's Ulysses.
a. the number of new jobs grew by 17.2 percent over
the decade 58. Issued by President Roosevelt in 1941, Executive Order
b. Hoover's second term was the worst period of the No. 8802
Depression a. fully integrated the United States armed forces.
c. New Deal programs helped to counter the effects of b. assisted blacks attempting to move out of the South
the Depression, but did not end them. c. required defense industries to make jobs available
d. the use of Keynesian economics brought the United without discrimination based on race, creed, color, or
States out of the Depression. national origin.
e. the economy went downhill after the NRA was d. required the automobile industries to make jobs
declared unconstitutional. unavailable to non-Americans
e. segregated Americans of German and Italian descent
52. The United States during World War II adopted all of the
following strategies EXCEPT 59. The most likely explanation for the decline in
a. unconditional surrender unemployment between 1940 and 1941 is
b. an eventual second front by invading Europe a. The new deal public works projects
c. victory in the European area first. b. That fewer people were looking for jobs
d. Island hopping in the Pacific Theater. c. Mobilization of industry for world war 2
e. use of the atomic bomb on Germany d. That more women were going into the labor market
e. The 1940 presidential election
53. During World War II, women did all of the following
EXCEPT 60. “As we went through the gate, the first thing that met my
a. work in factories. eyes was a pile of forty or fifty dead men, piled four or
b. reaffirm traditional patterns for women's lives. five deep, like cordwood….This pile of bodies was by no
c. establish themselves as a vital part of the economy. means normal….They killed more than they could burn
d. participate in the war effort. because the Americans were coming…” The author was
e. define a new role in society. describing
This author was describing the
54. One of the most important domestic results of the war a. Japanese prisoner of war camps
effort was b. aftermath of the Battle of the Bulge
a. complete employment for minority Americans. c. Nazi concentration camps
b. the end of discrimination for African Americans. d. Headquarters of Hitler in Berlin
c. the revitalization of the Federal Reserve System and e. The consequences of the Rape of Nanking
the Securities and Exchange System.
d. the swift ending of the Great Depression
e. stemming the tide of Japanese advances in the Pacific

55. This African-American labor leader demanded equal

employment opportunities for blacks during World War II.
a. A. Phillip Randolph
b. Marcus Garvey
c. W.E.B. Dubois
d. Martin Luther King Jr.
e. Jesse Jackson

56. Which of the following was agreed to at the Yalta

 The World War II experience described above was the
a. advancements of technology during WWII
b. interment of Japanese-Americans
c. intolerance German-Americans faced
d. rapid integration of the armed forces
e. resistance to women workers

63. In the 1930s, one factor that accounted for the westward
migration of farmers from the Great Plains was
a. high farm prices
b. new technologies
c. the dust bowl
d. the baby boom
e. barbed wire

61. To try correct the problem shown in the cartoon, President

Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed
a. increasing the number of justices on the Supreme
Court
b. raising the salaries of federal judges
c. reducing the Supreme Court’s use of judicial review
d. exercising his veto power over Supreme Court
e. altering the Constitution to rebalance the checks and
balances clause

62. I walked in there, in my overalls, and suddenly all the

machines stopped and every guy in the shop just turned
around and looked at me. It took…two weeks before
anyone even talked to me. The discrimination was
indescribable. They wanted to kill me…Anyway,
eventually some of the men became very friendly,
particularly the older ones….They were sort of fatherly,
protective.”

64. This poster was used during WWII to

a. encourage citizens to volunteer to serve in the Armed
forces
b. remind citizens not to be wasteful during the war
c. promote the sale of war bonds
d. encourage women to seek jobs in war-related
industries
e. establish a civil service awareness neighbor program

65. FDR and Churchill issued this 1941 statement that

declared that both nations would support self-
determination, freedom of the seas, joint disarmament,
and territorial integrity for all after World War II ended.
a. Atlantic Charter
b. Potsdam Conference
c. Executive Order 9099
 d. Yalta Agreement a. North and South America were no longer open to
e. Missouri Agreement European colonization
b. Existing colonies would not be bothered by the
66. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 represented a United States
significant change in policy because it c. The United States would intervene in the problems of
a. divided Indian lands into individual plots South American countries had with other nations
b. weakened the legal basis for tribal sovereignty d. The colonies Europeans had had in the Western
c. undercut existing barriers to the exploitation of Hemisphere were forever lost
Native Americans e. The United States would not involve itself in the
d. expanded the role of Bureau of Indian Affairs affairs of European nations
e. ended the government’s allotment policy

70. In Marbury V. Marbury, Chief Justice John Marshall

argued successfully that the Supreme Court could
a. remove federal officials who would not or could not
perform their duties
b. determine cases involving interstate commerce
c. decide whether debts should be considered in
contracts
d. declare federal laws unconstitutional
e. uphold the authority of the federal government over
the states

71. When President Taft called for dollar diplomacy, he

advocated
a. that American businessmen should invest in
underdeveloped countries rather than lend those
countries U.S. dollars
b. that American government money be loaned to
underdeveloped countries
c. purchasing foreign-owned territories
d. the rejection of the Open Door Policy
e. encouraging foreign exports by reducing tariffs

72. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

a. was a call for the abolition of slavery
b. insisted that the British allow the colonies to elect
their own representatives to Parliament.
c. Criticized the weaknesses of the Articles of
Confederation
d. Blamed George III for the colonies problems and
urged Americans to declare their independence
67. In this cartoon, the main idea is that after World War II,
e. Demanded that a strong executive be included in the
many women might
constitution
a. insist that men be given back their pre-World War II
jobs
73. After the Civil War, the practice of sharecropping
b. demand the right to serve in future combat
a. Turned African-Americans into a labor force with
c. resist a return to their traditional role as homemakers
housing and supplies provided by white planters
d. demand the right to vote and to seek public office
b. Taught African-Americans and whites to work
e. go to Europe and help rebuild it
together as farmers
c. Made it possible for African Americans to save
68. Which of the planks from the 1892 Populist Party
enough money to buy their own farms
platform showed a concern with issues raised by
d. Required African Americans to form groups to work
organized labor?
as gang labor
a. Graduated income tax
e. Forced African Americans to migrate to the north
b. Restrictions on immigration
c. Government ownership of railroads
74. The principle of freedom of the press in colonial America
d. Unlimited coinage of silver
was established by the
e. Direct election of senators
a. Articles of Confederation
b. Bill of Rights
69. The Monroe Doctrine stated all of the following policies
c. Virginia House of Burgesses
EXCEPT
d. Trial of Peter Zenger
 e. Mayflower Compact
75. The Espionage Act (1917) and the Sedition Act (1918)
were used by President Woodrow Wilson’s administration
during World War I to
a. discourage congressional support for the war effort
b. place German Americans in internment camps
c. remove Communists from government positions
d. silence critics of the war effort
e. conscript men into armed services
76. Which heading would be most appropriate for the outline
below?
I.__________________________________
A. Congress passes the Alien and Sedition Acts.
B. President Abraham Lincoln suspends habeas corpus.
C. President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders internment of
Japanese Americans.
D. Senator Joseph McCarthy begins hearings on identifying
Communists.
a. Changes in Economic Policy
b. Federalism and the Constitution
c. Checks and Balances at Work
d. Examples of Nativism
e. Threats to Civil Liberties
77. The main reason for the passage of the Homestead Act in
1862 was to provide for
a. farms on the Great Plains
b. national parks
c. irrigation of desert lands
d. reservations for Native American Indians
e. 40 acres and mule for former slaves
78. According to the theory of laissez-faire capitalism, prices
of products are determined by the
a. interaction of supply and demand
b. cost of producing the products
c. government
d. bankers
e. high tariffs and taxes
79. The creation of the first political parties in the United
States resulted from a controversy over
a. declaring independence from Great Britain
b. recognizing women’s equality
c. expanding slavery into the newly acquired territories
d. the election of George Washington as the first
President
e. interpreting the Constitution
80. “The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign
nations is, in extending our commercial relations to have
with them as little political connection as possible.”
— George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796
According to President Washington, the interests of the United
States would be best served by
a. placing tariffs on imported goods
b. forming military alliances with other nations
c. avoiding trade agreements with foreign nations
d. maintaining a foreign policy based on neutrality
e. balancing the budget with foreign trade
Extra Credit
E1) Shadow discovered Sandy lying on her side in a puddle of
water and broken glass. When the doctor arrived he
pronounced her dead. Since Sandy had no cuts on her body,
how did she die?
E1) Sandy died of suffocation. Sandy is a goldfish who’s
fishbowl was knocked over.
E2) Mel Colly stared through the dirty soot-smeared window
on the 26th floor of the office tower. Overcome with
depression he slid the window open and jumped through it. It
was sheer drop outside the building to the ground.
Miraculously after he landed he was completely unhurt. Since
there was nothing to cushion his fall of slow his descent, how
could he have survived?
E2) Mel Colly was so sick and tired of washing windows,
he opened the window and jumped inside
E3) NASA was considering sending canaries into space to
study them under zero gravity. The project was scrapped
when someone realized that in spite of having sufficient water
supply, the canaries could die of dehydration within a few
hours. Why?
E3) Birds, unlike humans, need gravity to swallow.
E4) Professor Quantum answered his phone to hear an excited
Professor Beaker telling him about his amazing invention.
“Quantum, you won’t believe what I’ve just discovered! I’ve
developed a liquid that is so powerful it will dissolve
anything! Do you realize the benefits of such a product? It
will turn the industrial world on its ear! For a few grand I’ll
cut you 40% of the action.” Quantum replied, “There’s no
doubt in my mind of the value of such a product, but before I
invest any money I would want to see proof of your claims
and of course, run a few tests of my own.” “No problem,”
responded beaker, “I’ll bring a half liter of liquid in a few
minutes.” Quantum sighed and replied, “On second thought
I’m not interested.” Why would he lose interest in such a
valuable product?
E4) Professor Beaker could not have brought a sample
over, since no container could hold a liquid that would
dissolve anything