. .

__

m 9009273 0000923 050 m

guide for application, operation, and maintenance of

distribution cutouts and fuse links, secondary fuses,
distribution enclosed single-pole air switches, power
fuses, fuse disconnecting switches, and accessories

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9009273 0000924 T ï 7 =

ANSI
C37.48-1969
Revision of
C37.47-1982

American National Standard

Guide for Application, Operation, and Maintenance of
Distribution Cutouts and Fuse Links,
Secondary Fuses, Distribution Enclosed Single-Pole
Air Switches, Power Fuses,
Fuse Disconnecting Switches, and Accessories

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Sponsor
Electrical and Electronics Standards Board

Approved December 19,1969

American National Standards Institute, Inc

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American National Standard

An American National Standard implies a consensus of those sub-

stantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National
Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer,
and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard
does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the
standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using
products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard.
American National Standards are subject to periodic review and users
are cautioned to obtain the latest editions.
CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be
revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American
National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm,
revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the
date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may
receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the
American National Standards Institute.

PubIished by

American National Standards Institute, Inc

1430 Broadway, New York, New York 10018

Copyright O 1970 by American National Standards Institute, Incorporated

All rights reserved.
No part of this publication m a y be reproduced in a n y form,
in an electronic retrieval s y s t e m or otherwise,
unithout the prior written permission of the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America

A2M470f225

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 m 9009273 0 0 0 0 9 2 b BbT W

Foreword
(This Foreword is not a part of American National Standard Guide for Application.Operation,and Maintenance of
Distribution Cutouts and Fuge Links, Secondary Fuses,Distribution Enclosed Single-Poìe Air Switches. Power Fuses,
FU- DkoMecthg Switch- and ACC~SSOR~S. C37.48-1969.)

This standard is a revision of American National Standard C37.47-1962 to bring it up to date

and in line with present day requirements for high-voltage fuses and switches. The expanded
coverage of current limiting fuses broadens its applicability. ,

This standard was prepared by the C37 Subcommittee on High-Voltage Fuses with cooperation
from the IEEE Subcommittee on High-Voltage Fuses (previously part of the Subcommittee on
Switches, Fuses, and Insulators) and NEMA. Liaison was maintained with EEI and IEC during
the development of the revisions in order to incorporate the latest thinking up to the time of
publication.
This publication is one of a series of complementary American National Standards covering
various types of high-voltage fuses and switches, so arranged that certain of the standards apply to
all devices while each of the other standards provide additional specifications for a particular de-
vice. For any one device ANSI C37.40-1969, ANSI C37.41-1969 plus the additional standard cover-
ing that device constitute a complete standard for the device. In addition, ANSI C37.48-1969 is an
Application, Operation, and Maintenance Guide for all the devices.
The following American National Standards make up this series:
Service Conditions and Definitions for Distribution Cutouts and Fuse Links, Secondary Fuses,
Distribution Enclosed SinglePole Air Switches, Power Fuses, Fuse Disconnecting Switches, and
Accessories, C37.40-1969
Design Tests for Distribution Cutouts and Fuse Links, Secondary Fuses, Distribution Enclosed
Single-Pole Air Switches, Power Fuses, Fuse Disconnecting Switches, and Accessories, C37.41-
1969
Specifications for Distribution Enclosed, Open, and Open-Link Cutouts, C37.42-1969.
Specifications for Distribution Fuse Links for Use in Distribution Enclosed, Open, and Open-
Link Cutouts, C37.43-1969
Specifications for Distribution Oil Cutouts and Fuse Links, C37.44-1969
Specifications for Distribution Enclosed Single-Pole Air Switches, C37.45-1969
Specifications for Power Fuses and Fuse Disconnecting Switches, C37.46-1969
Specifications for Distribution Fuse Disconnecting Switches, Fuse Supports, and Current Limit-
ing Fuses, C37.47-1969
Guide for Application, Operation, and Maintenance of Distribution Cutouts and Fuse Links,
Secondary Fuses, Distribution Enclosed SinglePole Air Switches, Power Fuses, Fuse Disconnect-
ing Switches, and Accessories, C37.48-1969
Suggestions for improvement gained in the use of this standard will be welcome. They should be
sent to the American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10018.
The Standards Committee on Power Switchgear, C37, which reviewed and approved this stan-
dard, had the following personnel at the time of approval:
V. L.Cox, Chairman W. R. Wilson, Vice-Chairman
J. G. Werner, Secretary
Orgunuution Repmrcntcd Name of Rcprerantatiur
AaM>ciationof American Raiiroads .............................................................................................. W.O. Muller
Association of iron and Sbsl Engineerr ...................................................................................... T.S.Novak

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OrganizationRepresented Name of Represent at ive
Electric Light and Power On>up.................................................................................................. H.W. Grieeler
R. R.Wagstaff
J. E.Beehler
H. O . FNS
J . P.Markey (Alt)
F. R.Solis (Ait)
Institute ofElectrical and Electroni- Engineem ........................................................................ J. E.Conner
H.L. Lowe
J . B. Owens
H.O. Simmons, Jr
O . W. Walsh
H.C. Barnes (Alti
W. A. Carter ( A l t )
R.E.Friedrich (Aft)
W. A. Hall ( A l t )
National Electrical Manufacturem Aseociation .......................................................................... W. R.Wilson
R.W. Dunham
A. P.Colaiaco
C.E.Gryctko
W. J. Smith
B.K.Sturgie
J , O. Werner (Alt)
Tennessee Valley Authority ...................................................................................................... O. S.C. Hammer

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U S .Department of the Army ................................................................................................... W. K.Cave
U.S.Department of the Navy. ............................................................................................... J. W.Berryman, J r
L.W.Johnson (Alt)
US.Department ofthe Interior. Bureau of Reclamation ............................................................ E.M.Tomsic
U.S.Department of Defense, Defense Communications Agency .................................................. C. D. Friday

The membership of the C37 Subcommittee was as follows:

R. H. Amundcon, Chairman J. G. Werner, Secretary

R. H. Albright H.H.Fahnoe
F. Cameron C. H.Griffin
T.E. Curtis S . B. Howard
A. M. Di Cioccio F. R. Sclis

The membership of the NEMA High Voltage Fuse Technical Committee was as follows:
H..H. Fahnoe, Chairman J. G. Werner, Secretary

R. H. Amundson D. O. Misare
F. L. Cameron W. W. Olive
T. E. Curtis G. O. Perkins
R. A. Few W. H. Russell
S. B. Howard S.O. Rodeseike

The membership of the IEEE Subcommittee was as follows:

A. K. Alsaker S . B. Howard
R. H.Amundson E. L. Luehring
E. H.Arjeski S . B. Moorer
C. H. Baker J . B . Owens
F. L. Cameron J . D. M . Phelps
T.E. Curtis G . A . Piper
K.D. Hendrix M. K. Price

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m 7007273 0000728 b32 m

Contents
SECTION PAGE
48-1. Scope. . . ................................. ........... ........... 6
48-2. General.. . . . . ................................................ ........ 6
48-3. Application. . ................................................................... 6
ted Fuses (Distribution Cutouts and Power Fuses). . . . . .
48-3.2 Selection of Rated Continuous Current (Fuse Links for
and Power Fuses). . . . . ........................
48-3.3 Coordination Factor fo ting Variables. . . . . . . . . .
48-3.4 Marking of Spare Fuses and Parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48-4. Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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48-4.1 Locking or Latching Fuse in Closed Position. . . . . . . . . . .
48-4.2 Replacing Fuses a t Two- or Three-phase Installations.
48-4.3 Periodic Inspection of Fuse Links in Distribution Load-Break Cutouts
That Are Operated by Breaking the Fuse Link.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48-4.4 Use of Solid Cap on Expendable Cap Cutouts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48-4.5 Storing Spare Fuse Units and Replaceable Parts. . . . . . . . . . ...................... 7
48-4.6 Replacing Fuses on Capacitor Installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................... 8
48-5. Maintenance. ................................................. 8
48-5.1 Inspection of Fuses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48-6. Revision of American National Standards Referred to in This Docum

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 9 9009273 O000929 5 7 9 E

American National Standard

Guide for Application, Operation, and Maintenance of
Distribution Cutouts and Fuse Links,
Secondary Fuses, Distribution Enclosed Single-Pole
Air Switches, Power Fuses,
Fuse Disconnecting Switches, and Accessories
(Thispublication is one of a series of American National StandardsdesignatedANSI C37.40-1969 through C37.48-1969.
See back cover for titles.)

48-1. Scope presents suggestions on application, oper-

ation, and maintenance as an aid in obtaining
This,standard applies to high-voltage fuses satisfactory performance of fuses.
(above 600 volts), secondary fuses, dis- It cannot be stressed too strongly that pre-
tribution enclosed single-pole air switches, scribed safety rules should be adhered to at all
and accessories, as follows: times when operating or maintaining fuses
(1) Enclosed, open, and open-link types of near energized equipment or conductors.
distribution cutouts and fuses for ac dis-
tribution systems. 48-3. Application
(2) Secondary fuses, 600 volts and below,
used on supply circuits. Cartridge-type fuses, 48-3.1 Clearance for Vented Fuses (Dis-
rated 600 volts and below, and screw plug tribution Cutouts and Power Fuses). Vented
fùses are not included. fuses should be provided with good clearance
(3) Distribution oil cutouts. in.the direction or directions in which they are
. (4) Distribution enclosed single-pole air vented, and facilities should be provided for
switches. operating them without requiring the oper-
( 5 ) Power fuses for systems or circuits above ator to approach the vented end.
600 volts. 48-3.2 Selection of Rated Continuous Current
(6) Outdoor and indoor fuse disconnecting (Fuse Links for Distribution Cutouts and Pow-
switches. er Fuses). The rated continuous current of
(7) Fuse supports, fuse mountings, fuse distribution fuse links or power fuse units or
hooks, fuse tongs, and fuse links, all of the fuse links should be selected with due regard
type used exclusively with products listed in to:
(1)through (6). above.
( 8 ) Removable switch blades for products (1) Normal and possible overload currents
listed in (1) and (3), above. of the circuit, including sustained harmonics
(2) Transient currents of the circuit, such
48-2. General as transformer magnetizing inrush current,
motor starting current, and capacitor inrush
A fuse in a n electric circuit, within the current
limits of its ratings, protects' the circuit and (3)Coordination with other protective de-
the equipment connected to it from damage. vices
How well this fuse will do its job depends upon
48-3.3 Coordination Factor for Operating
the accuracy with which it was manu-
Variables
factured, the correctness of its application,
and the attention it receives after it is in- 48-3.3.1 Distribution Fuse Links in En-
stalled. If not properly applied and main- cloeed, Open, and Open-Link h e Cutouts.
tained, it might fail to do its job when re- Coordination factors for operating variables
quired, which might result in considerable are generally published by each manufacturer
damage to costly equipment. This standard for use with its fuse links. However, in the

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9009273 0000930 290
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
absence of such data, the foilowing general
procedure can be used:
In comparing time-current curves for coor-
dination purposes, a value of 75 percent of the
minimum melting time of the protected fuse
link shall be used to make allowance for most
operating variables, such as preheating of the
fuse link by load and normal variations in
ambient temperature.
48-3.3.2 How to Use Melting and Total
Clearing Time-Current Curves to Apply the
Coordinution Factor. Coordination is achieved
between the protected link and the protecting
link when, in response to a fault current, the
protecting link melts and interrupts the flow
of fault current before the protected link melts
or is damaged by that fault current. The
maximum level a t which coordination can be
achieved is determined by the intersection of
the minimum melting time-current curve of
the protected link, suitably adjusted for
coordinating factors, and the total clearing
time-current curve of the protecting link. Nor-
mally, this maximum value should be greater
than the available fault current a t the loca-
tion of the protecting link.
In accordance with 48-3.3, the 75 percent
value is used in the absence of coordinating
data furnished by the manufacturer, and a
comparison of time-current data can be made
in the fo1lowin.gmanner:
Seventy-five percent of the melting time can
be obtained in comparing curves for any ap-
paratus for which the standard curve sheets,
as specified in 41-12.3.1 of ANSI C37.41-1969,
are available by the following procedure:
Place the curve sheets so the current scales
line up exactly and so the l-second line on the
sheet for the melting time-current curve coin-
cides with the 0.75-second line on the sheet for
the total clearing time-current curves for the
protecting device (or so 4 on the melting time
coincides with 3 on the total clear time).
Compare the curves on the two sheets, reading
the time values on the total clearing time
scale.
48-3.3.3 Coordinating Factor for Operating
Variables for Power Fuses. Factors for oper-
ating variables applicable to power fuses are
generally published by each manufacturer for
each power fuse type. No single coordinating
factor can be established because of the diver-
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C37.48
sity of constructions and conditions.
Operating variables to be considered in de-
termining correction factors to the manu-
facturer’s published time-current character-
istics of power fuses include:
(1) Ambient temperature
(2) Short-time overloads
(3) Preloading
48-3.4 Marking of Spare Fuses and Parts. If
several types and ratings of fuses are used in a
given location, spare fuse units should be
suitably marked to show the mountings, cir-
cuits, or equipment with which they are to be
used to minimize the likelihood of improper
application.
48-4. Operation
48-4.1 Locking or Latching Fuse in Closed
Position. Special care should be taken to see
that the fuse is securely locked or latched in
the closed position.
48-4.2 Replacing Fuses at Two-or Three-
Phase Installations. For those types of fuses
which are subject to partial melting, it is
advisable to replace all three fuse units (or
fuse links) when the fuses on one or two
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phases of a three-phase circuit are found to
have blown.
48-4.3 Periodic Inspection of Fuse Links in
Distribution Load-Break Cutouts That Are
Operated by Breaking the Fuse Link. Fuse
links in distribution load-break cutouts that
are operated by physically breaking the fuse
link may require periodic replacement, since
corrosion of the lower terminal of the fuse link
(generally a flexible cable) at the lower open
end of the fuse holder may cause breakage a t
this point rather than a t the current-respon-
sive element.
48-4.4 Use of Solid Cap on Expendable Cap
Cutouts. Installation of a solid cap on a n
expendable cap cutout results in a reduction
of the expendable cap cutout interrupting
capability.
48-4.5 Storing Spare Fuse Units and Replace-
able Parts. Spare fuse units and replaceable
parts of fuse units should be stored in such a
manner that they will not be damaged and so
that they will be readily available when
needed.

9009273 000093L I127
C37.48
48-4.6 Replacing Fuses on Capacitor In-
stallations. Fuses used on capacitors should
not be removed or replaced by hand unless due
precautions are taken beforehand to discharge
the capacitors.
Capacitors used in power applications have
a discharge resistor to reduce the voltage to a
specified value in a specified time after being
disconnected. Sole reliance on this feature for
safety is not advisable.
48-5. Maintenance
48-6.1Inspection of Fuses. A fuse consists of
many parts, some current carrying and some
non-current carrying, all subject to atmos-
pheric conditions. The frequency of in-
spection will necessarily be a function of the
conditions at a given fuse location and must
be determined by the user. The following
points require special consideration:
(1) Be sure that the fuse is disconnected
from all power sources before servicing.
(2) Inspect insulators for breaks, cracks, or
burns. Clean the insulators where abnormal
conditions such as salt deposits, cement dust,
or acid fumes prevail to avoid flashover as a
result of the accumulation of foreign sub-
stances on their surfaces.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
(3) Inspect contact surfaces for pitting,
burning, alignment, and pressure. Badly pit-
ted or burned contacts should be replaced.
(4) Examine the fuse unit or fuse tube and
renewable element for corrosion of the fuse
element or connecting conductors, excessive
erosion of the inside of fuse tubes, discharge
(tracking) and dirt on the outside of the fuse
tube, and improper assembly that may pre-
vent proper operation. Replace fuse tubes or
units showing signs of deterioration.
( 5 ) See that bolts, nuts, washers, pins, and
terminal connectors are in place and in good
condition. Check lock or latch.
(6) Refinish fuse tubes made of organic
(Class A) material as required and specified by
the manufacturer.
48.6 Revision of
American National Standards
Referred to in This Document
When the American National Standards
referred to in this document are superseded by
a revision approved by the American National
Standards Institute, Inc, the revision shall
apply.
 m 9009273 0000932 O b 3
Related American National Standards
C37.03-1964 ( R 1969) Definitions for AC High-Voltage
Circuit Breakers
C37.04-1964 (R 1969) Rating Structure for AC High-
Voltage Circuit Breakers (Including Supplements
C37.04a-1964 and C37.04b-1970.
C37.05-1964 (R 1969) Methods of Determining the
Values of a Sinusoidal Current Wave and Normal-
Frequency Recovery Voltage for AC High-Voltage Cir-
cuit Breakers
C37.06-1966 Schedules of Preferred Ratings and Re-
lated Required Capabilities for AC High-Voltage Cir-
cuit Breakers (Includes Supplement C37.06a-1969)
C37.07-1969 Interrupting Capability Factors for Re-
closing Service for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers
C37.09-1964 (R 1969) Test Procedure AC High-Voltage
Circuit Breakers (Including Supplement C37.09a-1970)
C37.010-1964 (R 19691 Application Guide for AC High-
Voltage Circuit Breakers
C37.1-1962 (R 1967) Relays and Relay Systems Associ-
ated with Electric Power Apparatus
C37.2-1962 Manual and Automatic Station Control,
Supervisory, and Associated Telemetering Equipments
C37.4-1953 (R 1966) Alternating-Current Power Circuit
Breakers (Includes Supplement C37.4a-1970)
C37.5-1969 Methods for Determining Values of a Sinus-
oidal Current Wave, Normal-Frequency Recovery Volt-
age, and a Guide for Calculation of Fault Currents for
Application of AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated
on a Total Current Basis
C37.6-1966 Schedules of Preferred Ratings for Power
Circuit Breakers (Includes Supplement C37.6a-1969)
C37.7-1960 ( R 1966) Interrupting Rating Factors for
. Reclosing Service Power Circuit Breakers
C37.8-1952 ( R 1966) Rated Control Voltages and Their
Ranges for Power Circuit Breakers
. C37.9-1953 (R 1966) Test Code for Power Circuit Break-
ers (Includes Supplement C37.9a-1970)
C37.11-1957 (R 1966) Requirements for Power Circuit
Breaker Control
C37.12-1969 Guide Specifications for AC Power Circuit
Breakers (Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis and a
Total Current Basis)
C37.13-1963 Low-Voltage AC Power Circuit Breakers
C37.14-1969 Low-Voltage DC Power Circuit Breakers
and Anode Circuit Breakers
C37.15-1964 (R 1967) Rated Control Voltages and Their
Ranges for Low-Voltage Air Circuit Breakers
C37.161970 Preferred Ratings and Related Require-
ments for Low-Voltage Power Circuit Breakers
C37.17-1970 'hip Devices (Releases) for Altemating-
and Direct-Current Low-Voltage Power Circuit Break-
ers
C37.18-1968 Requirements for Field Discharge Circuit
Breakers for Rotating Electric Machinery
C37.19-1963 Safety Requirements for Low-Voltage AC
Power Circuit Breakers and Switchgear Assemblies (Ex-
cluding Molded-Case Breakers)
For a free and complete list of all American National Standards, write:
American National Standards Institute, Inc
1430 Broadway
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m
C37.20-1969 Switchgear Assemblies Including Metal-
Enclosed Bus (Includes Supplement C37.20a-1970)
C37.22-1959 Requirements for Automatic Circuit Re-
closers and Automatic Line Sectionalizers for Alternat-
ing-Current Systems
C37.28-1969 Low-Voltage AC Integrally Fused Power
Circuit Breakers
C37.29-1970 Low-Voltage AC Power Service Protec-
tors (600-Volt Insulation Class i
C37.30-1962 Definitions and Requirements for High-
Voltage Air Switches, Insulators, and Bus Supports
C37.31-1962 (R 1969) Electrical and Mechanical Charac-
teristics of Indoor Apparatus Insulators
C37.32-1965 Schedules of Preferred Ratings, Manufac-
turing Specifications, and Application Guide for High-
Voltage Air Switches, Bus Supports, and Switch Acces-
sories
C37.33-1970 Rated Control Voltages and Their Ranges
for High-Voltage Air Switches
C37.34-1962 Test Code for High-Voltage Air Switches
C37.35-1962 ( R 1969) Guide for the Operation and Main-
tenance of High-Voltage Disconnecting Switches
C37.40-1969 Service Conditions and Definitions for
Distribution Cutouts and Fuse Links, Secondary Fuses,
Distribution Enclosed Single-Pole Air Switches, Power
Fuses, Fuse Disconnecting Switches, and Accessories
C37.41-1969 Design Tests for Distribution Cutouts and
Fuse Links, Secondary Fuses, Distribution Enclosed
Single-Pole Air Switches, Power Fuses, Fuse Dis-
connecting Switches, and Accessories
C37.42-1969 Specifications for Distribution Enclosed,
Open, and Open-Link Cutouts
C37.43-1969 Specifications for Distribution Fuse Links
for Use in Distribution Enclosed, Open, and Open-Link
cutouts
C37.44-1969 Specifications for Distribution Oil Cutouts
and Fuse Links
C37.45-1969 Specifications for Distribution Enclosed
Single-Pole Air Switches
C37.46-1969 Specifications for Power Fuses and Fuse
Disconnecting Switches
C37.47-1969 Specifications for Distribution Fuse Dis-
connecting Switches, Distribution Fuse Supports, and
Distribution Current-Limiting Fuses
C37.48-1969 Guide for Application, Operation, and
--`,,`,,```````,,,,`,,,,,`,,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Maintenance of Distribution Cutouts and Fuse Links,
Secondary Fuses, Distribution Enclosed Single-Pole
Air Switches, Power Fuses, Fuse Disconnecting
Switches, and Accessories
C37.60-1968 Requirements for Automatic Circuit Re-
closers for Alternating-Current Systems
C37.63-1969 Requirements for Automatic Line Sec-
tionalizers for AC Systems
C37.66-1969 Requirements for Oil-Filled Capacitor
Switches for AC Systems
C37.100-1966 Definitions for Power Switchgear
C37.071-1969 Requirements for Line Closing for Switch-
ing Surge Voltage Control for AC High-Voltage Circuit
Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis
New York, N.Y. 10018