Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. With examples, differentiate the definitions of tourist, excursionist, inbound tourist, outbound tourist, and explain
the definition of tourism, inbound tourism and outbound tourism. Who are travelers which cannot be included in
tourism statistics?
Tourists who are visitors staying away from home for one or more nights for any main purpose: holidays,
leisure and recreation, business, health, education or other purposes
Excursionist is same day visitors, also known as tourist day visitors spending at least 3 hours away from
home outside their usual environment for general leisure, recreational and social purposes. Many are
residents of an area.
Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual
environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.
Inbound tourism is an activity of hosting inbound tourist coming in to Malaysia. A visit/travel to a country
by non-residents of that country.
Outbound tourism is activity of preparing tourist for travel overseas. A visit/travel by the residents of a
country to other countries.
Other Travellers - Cannot be included in tourism statistics
i. Travelling inside usual environment
Commuters
Border Workers
Direct vicinity travellers
ii. Changing place of residence
Long-term migrants
Persons moving to another place inside their country of residence (12months)
iii. No fixed place of residence
Nomads
Wanderers
Refugees
iv. Travelling to places from which they are remunerated
Short-term migrants (12months)
Seasonal workers
Lecturers
Artists
Maids
v. Others excluded by convention
Diplomats
Consular
Representatives
Prisoners
Armed forces members
Transit passengers
2. Discuss to roles of ASEAN and WTO (World Tourism Organisation) in tourism development.
ASEAN
To cooperate in facilitating travel into and within ASEAN
To enhance cooperation in the tourism industry among ASEAN member states to improve its efficiency
and competitiveness
To substantially reduce restrictions in trade in tourism and travel services among ASEAN member states
To establish an integrated network of tourism and travel services to maximise the complementary nature
of the region’s tourist attractions;
To enhance the development and promotion of ASEAN as a single tourism destination with world-class
standards, facilities and attractions
WTO
CHAPTER 2
1. With examples discuss the concept of tourism carrying capacity and Doxey Irritation Index
The maximum number of people that may visit a tourist destination at the same time, without causing destruction
at the physical, economic, socio-cultural environment and an unacceptable decrease in the quality of visitors’
satisfaction.
Types – Ecological systems, Physical structure, Economic structure, Political administration, Visitor satisfaction,
Community tolerance
Euphoria
Apathy
Irritation
Antagonism
ii. INVOLVEMENT - local people start to notice that there are increasing numbers of people coming to their
local area. They start businesses to provide accommodation, food, guides, and transport.
iii. DEVELOPMENT - big companies start to see the emerging potential of the area as a tourist resort and
therefore start to invest money in the region. They build large hotel complexes and sell package holidays
(a package might include travel, accommodation, food and excursions). This makes the numbers of
tourists swell dramatically and massively expands the number of job opportunities for people in the local
region, in both tourist related jobs and in construction and services.
iv. CONSOLIDATION - local economy is probably dominated by tourism at this stage, and many local people
will make their money from this type of industry. However, this can remove people from other industries
such as farming and fishing and these industries can suffer as a result. There will be continued building
and expansion of the resort BUT some of the older buildings will start to become unattractive and a lower
quality client base might result.
v. STAGNATION - competition from other resorts, rowdiness and a loss of the original features (e.g. if it had
a great beach but that is now crowded and full of rubbish) can cause the resort to stop growing. The
number of people going levels off then starts to decline, threatening local businesses and services.
vi. DECLINE OR REJUVENATION? from the stagnation point onwards there are 2 basic possibilities: Decline
in various forms or rejuvenation (regrowth of the resort) Decline can be slow or rapid, and regular visitors
are replaced by people seeking a cheap break or day trippers. Rejuvenation involves a cash injection from
either a private company or the government, to create a new attraction within the original resort to boost
its popularity - such as the Pleasure Beach at Blackpool.
CHAPTER 3
1. How do you categorise tourism product and services in Malaysia. Please give appropriate examples. Taking
climbing Mount Kinabalu as an example, elaborate its aspect in term of core product, supporting product and
augmented product.
a. Tourism Oriented Product
b. Resident Oriented Product
c. Background Tourist Element
d. Retrievable Tourism Product
Core Product – central motive and reason to visit
Supporting Product – additional features to create optimum experience
Augmented Product – creating the desired atmosphere and ambience
2. Research shows that Malaysia lacks cultural attractions for the tourists. With examples discuss your understanding
of cultural attractions? How do you think the cultural attractions in Malaysia could be enhanced?
Preservation and conservation
Establishing cultural village and include it in tourism package
Incorporating cultural features and include in cultural shows
Promoting strategy
Homestay tourism
CHAPTER 4
1. Choose one tourism destination and discuss how does the destination groups its tourism products
Natural tourism
Man-made tourism
Symbiotic tourism
Event-based tourism
Site-based tourism
Boutique hotels are characterized by their intimate atmosphere and idiosyncratic style. They distinguish
themselves from larger chain hotels by offering personalized attention and styled accommodations which play
on a motif.” – USA Today
A Boutique Hotel is a small and intimate hotel, helt in a stylish design decor with a personal note. It has a
unique character and distinguishes itself from other hotel brands. It it true to its heritage, it provides guests
with great and ultra-personalized service and is typically situated in a fashionable urban location (Hotel
Management Company - Hospitality Group - Xotels Ltd., n.d.)
A boutique hotel is an intimate, design-led property which distinguishes itself from larger chain/branded
hotels by providing guests with ultra-personalized service and accommodation. But more than that, there’s a
unique set of characteristics that define a boutique hotel (Veesko, n.d.)
2. Choose one unique restaurant in Klang Valley and discuss the operations of the restaurants (type of food, menu,
decorations and other services)
DINING IN THE DARK
First total darkness restaurant in Malaysia
Changkat, Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur
Offer a complete 4-course dinner in a pitch black room
Standard dining duration – 90 minutes
Western + local cuisine
Design Concept - Your own space to create that unique design you desire—It is all in your marvelous
imagination, because there is no light to influence you. “The absence of light lets your brilliant self-shines so
bright”
Venue Type - A cosy yet exquisite ambience set out for you whilst you explore the remarkable experience of
DINING IN THE DARK.
Cuisine - The Surprise Menus are designed to bring you through a marvelous gastronomic journey, where the
true flavors and tastes of food have not been influenced by your sight. No, the darkness does not mean we
compromise on your fine taste, NEVER!
Total Seating - 58 people
How We Serve ?
Guided by our “Darkness Experts”, all you have to do is relax and trust. Then, enjoy (and maybe wonder, guess,
even speculate) the great tasting food specially designed by Werner and team. Our service staff consists of
visually impaired and blind persons who lead their daily life without or with minimal light.
CHAPTER 6
1. Discuss the possible factors to the downfall of Malaysian Airlines and the success of AirAsia in aviation industry in
Malaysia. Discuss the challenges faced by air transport in general.
DOWNFALL
In the beginning of 2011, MAS losses large capital in terms of cutting route to prominent but unprofitable
and long-haul destination.
Fierce competition among another airlines company.
Missing of MH370 and the crash of MH17 - pay compensation, consume a lot of fuel, cost of searching.
Debt incurred by MAS - 25 new aircraft and set up several centers in the airport.
Restructuring internal management.
SUCCESS
Low cost airlines in South East Asia since 2001 and allowed more Malaysians especially the younger
generation to travel abroad and see the world.
The operation for the short and long haul are handled by AirAsia and AirAsia X Sdn Bhd.
Engaging e-commerce strategy - user-friendly website interface and allows travelers to book and print
flight ticket anytime and also introduce online check in services.
Serve the customer right.
Create complementary business opportunities - provide necessary services.
Good in managing and handling crisis.
CHALLENGES
2. Discuss the various transports used in tourism including their historical context.
The development of tourism depends on the transport industry. A tourist always think of safe, comfortable and
convenient mode of transport. However, cost and time are also important considerations while deciding on the
mode of travel. From the advent of human civilization, transportations have seen to be changing, according to the
development of advanced technology.