Republic of the Philippines

PROFESSIONAL REGULATIONS COMMISSION

Manila

BOARD OF CRIMINOLOGY

CRIMINOLIGISTS Licensure Examination

Monday, October 5, 1998 08:30 a.m. – 11:30 a.m.
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CRIMINAL SOCIOLOGY, ETHICS & HUMAN RELATIONS SET B

INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following

questions. Mark only the answer for each item by shading the box
corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet
provided. STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED. Use pencil no. 1 only.

MULTIPLE CHOICE:

1. Who advocate the Free Will Theory of crime causation?

A. Charles Darwin C. Jeremy Bentham

B. Cesare Becarria D. Raffaele Garofalo

2. Under this ethical standard, the PNP member shall take

legitimate means to achieve goals despite of internal and
external difficulties.

A. integrity C. orderliness
B. humidity D. perseverance

3. The relation of criminality to the physical constitution of

man is known as __________.

A. criminal physical anthropology

B. criminal sociology
C. habitual delinquency
D. criminal psychology

4. A police-community relations program must provide

opportunities for the police and the citizens to ____________.

A. talk with each other C. talk through each other

B. talk of for each other D. talk to each other

5. A number of people who share a way of life as well as a

definite location and some continuity.
 A. family C. society
B. organization D. population
6. The immediate group of father, mother and children, living
together is called.

A. society C. nuclear family

B. extended family D. community

7. Danger and authority are features of the working personality

of the police. Another feature is:

A. close family ties C. isolation from public

B. prejudice D. material orientedness

8. It is measured by maturity of judgment, genuineness of

purpose, character, effectiveness of expression and a variety of
other traits.

A. social values C. personality growth

B. norms of behavior D. character structure

9. This theory suggests that when people find they cannot

achieve valued goals through legitimate means they experience
stress and frustration, which in turn may lead to rule-violating
behavior.

A. cultural deviance theory C. control theory

B. sociological theory D. strain theory

10. ALL EXCEPT one of the following factors should be looked into
if one has to study the problem of juvenile delinquency.

A. to take into consideration the society’s disruptive

forces and process as contrasted with the process of
integration
B. to promote the good working relationship between the
police and the youth
C. to note the changing attitudes towards the problem of
delinquent and deviant behavior
D. to consider the basic social problems

11. The C, PNP exercises _________ since he has the lawful

authority over his subordinates by virtue of his rank, position
and assignment.

A. control C. administration
B. command D. order

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12. The minimum value of energy that can be identified is
called.

A. absolute threshold C. differential sensitivity

B. different threshold D. sensory adaptation

13. Delinquency prevention programs are intended primarily to:

A. streamline juvenile court process

B. prevent young people from getting into trouble with
the law
C. make the police more effective in dealing with
juveniles
D. rehabilitate young people who are drug users

14. When an unusual emergency arises and it would take too long
to contact a superior to check the method of handling the
situation is:

A. confer with any superior

B. take no action
C. confer immediately with your men on the best action to
take
D. act according to your best judgment

15. Examples of voluntary social relations are the following

EXCEPT:

A. dating C. friendship
B. cliques D. electron

16. Each police officer is allowed a great deal of __________ in

deciding what to do while on beat especially when encountering
citizen in conflict with laws.

A. discretion C. responsibility
B. power D. authority

17. Motivation is classified under 28 needs. The need to assault

or injure is:

A. need deference C. need aggression

B. need recognition D. need order

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18. The __________ theory of criminality attributes delinquent
and criminal behavior to a conscience that is either too
overbearing that is arouses feeling of guilt or so weak that it
cannot control the individual’s impulse and the need for
immediate gratification.

A. psychoanalytic C. classical
B. psychological D. biological

19. The goal of any juvenile justice system is:

A. punish children
B. save children from becoming criminals
C. remove children from the streets
D. ensure that children are in school

20. Attitudes are formed in the following ways, EXCEPT:

A. in the general process of growing up and becoming aware

and able to rationalize
B. listening and reading news accounts
C. actually expressing sensations and events
D. using or borrowing the attitudes of others when one has
no inadequate knowledge on which to draw

21. This type of crisis occur when there is a failure to sustain

and direct behavior toward the attainment of goal or the
psychological external stimuli.

A. motivational crisis C. physical crisis

B. moral crisis D. social crisis

22. These are written allegations of the parties of their

respective claims and defenses submitted to the court for trial
and final judgment.

A. pleadings C. motion
B. notice D. complaint

23. Which of these statements is FALSE?

A. the larger and more heterogeneous the society the more

organizations and associations exist within to hold
it together
B. organization needs to adapt to new circumstances simply
in order to live

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 C. the quality of leadership changes as the organization
becomes established.
D. organizations can have a long life even without goals
to attain

24. Generally, the specific act of delinquency is:

A. a symptom of more complex problem

B. unrelated to child’s delinquency
C. a problem to be ignored
D. a beginning of a criminal career

25. This is a policing style where police officers give high

priority to effecting arrests.

A. big brother style C. service style

B. legalistic style D. watchman style

26. A youth who is found to have committed a crime shall be

dealt with in accordance with __________.

A. RA 6975 C. PD 971
B. PD 603 D. RA 6425

27. This is a criminal justice process which means the

questioning initiated by law enforces after a person has been
taken into custody or otherwise deprived of his freedom of action
in a significant way.

A. criminal investigation
B. custodial interrogation
C. preliminary investigation
D. pre-charge investigation

28. Assume that you are police officer and you found out that
you have unjustly reprimanded POI Cruz. The best procedure to
follow is:

A. justify the reprimand

B. talk to him and admit your mistake
C. make no apology but tolerate his misbehavior later
D. ignore the matter

29. Which of the following is not a deviant behavior?

A. vandalism C. drunkenness
B. child labor D. exhibitionism

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30. Typology of crime means __________.

A. categorize or types of crimes

B. extent of crime
C. crime trend
D. crime situation

31. The command and direction of the Chief, PNP may be delegated
to __________ officials with respect to the units under their
respective command.

A. qualified C. next-in-rank
B. efficient D. subordinate

32. Motivation is classified under 28 needs. The need to

influence or control others is:

A. need order C. need dominate

B. need achievement D. need exhibition

33. The key to professionalism in the implementation of a

__________ program which includes the equitable distribution of
recruitment, fair promotion, rationalized approach in assignment,
skills development, grant of reward and award, and decent living
upon retirement.

A. organizational development
B. human resource development
C. systems and procedures
D. compensation

34. You are member of a PNP Screening Committee. As to age

qualification, who among the four (4) applicants will you
consider?

A. Mr. A who was born on December 20, 1978

B. Mr. B who was born on March 5, 1975
C. Mr. C who was born on December 20, 1963
D. Mr. D who was born on February 20, 1964

35. The most basic social institution which most exert control
over the behavior of young persons is:

A. church C. peer group

B. family D. school

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36. The behavior of the lower specie is controlled by.

A. values C. intelligence
B. instinct D. learning

37. Training and skill become more important and people get
ahead more on the basis of what they can do.

A. achievement C. acquisition
B. development D. self improvement

38. Which of the sentences is FALSE?

A. fraternal twins have identical hereditary traits

B. hereditary and environment play a part in a behavior of
an individual.
C. personality is the product of the combination of body
and soul
D. heredity is the endowment transferred through the genes
from parents to offspring

39. The promotion of law-abiding behavior among members of

society is referred to as:

A. moral regeneration C. social compact

B. social obligation D. social control

40. It is a program designed primarily to create a positive

image of the police in the eyes of the public.

A. youth awareness program C. educational programs

B. division program D. image building program

41. Under the doctrine of __________, the state has every right
to protect the children form improper upbringing.

A. prima facie C. patria potestas

B. in loco parentis D. parents patriae

42. It is difficult to the researcher to gather facts about

illegal activities of policemen because they will not talk
against each other. This is because the police is a tightly knit
and __________ organization.

A. open C. formal
B. close D. informal

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43. You arrive in your office at 12:00 noon, having been on an
inspection tour since 8:00 a.m. A man has been waiting in your
office for three hours. He is angry because of long wait and
accuses you of using taxpayers money; you should:

A. tell him to wait further until he cools off

B. ignore his comments, courteously find out what his
business is and take care of him in a perfunctory
manner
C. tell him that you were on inspection and he has no
business accusing you of not working
D. tell that next time, he should make an appointment with
your secretary

44. The Supreme Court automatically reviews the cases of

criminals convicted and meted out the penalty of __________.

A. life punishment
B. 6 years, 1 month and 1 day
C. 12 years, 6 months and 1 day
D. death

45. Modern criminal law, both substantive and procedural is

derived from four (4) basic sources. These are the constitution,
statues, court decisions and __________.

A. conventional views
B. administrative regulations
C. judicial sanctions
D. social theory

46. Pedro is despondent over the loss of his wallet. He has no

money to buy the medicine of his wife who is in the hospital.
While walking around, he saw a young girl counting her peso bills
from ATM machine. Pedro thought of getting the money from the
girl. What crime was committed by Pedro?

A. hold-up C. no crime was committed

B. theft D. robbery

47. Studies show that during economic recession, there is a

decline in delinquency. This is explained in the following,
EXCEPT:

A. presence of parents means more control on the children

B. increased mobility and activities

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 C. fewer families are broken by divorce since husband and
wife are at home
D. the parents are at home with the children

48. When an offender has performed all the felonious acts but he
failed to produce the felony for some reason or another, the
crime is:

A. frustrated C. attempted
B. consummated D. complex

49. The ideal police-to-population ratio in urban areas is:

A. 1:750 C. 1:900
B. 1:500 D. 1:1000

50 The introduction of police reforms and professionalization

of the police service was started with the passage of the
__________.

A. RA 6425
B. Commonwealth Act No. 175
C. Presidential Decree No. 1184
D. Police Act of 1966

51. While the local chief executives are granted under RA 6975
the power of operational supervision and control, they are still
lobbying to have the power to:

A. hire and fire

B. give assignments and designation
C. train policeman
D. pay the police salaries

52 All EXCEPT one are the normative elements defining

individual participation in group interaction.

A. mores C. folkways
B. anomie D. laws

53. In a court hearing, the __________ represents the state and

the people.

A. prosecutor C. suspect
B. judge D. police officer

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54. __________ seeks to ensure that no person will be deprived
of life, liberty or property without notice of charges,
assistance from legal counsel on hearing and an opportunity to
confront accusers.

A. due process C. booking

B. plea bargaining D. criminal law

55. Under the social control theory, there are factors of

attachment, commitment, involvement and belief. These are called
__________ and the stronger these are, the less likelihood of
delinquency.

A. social learning’s C. behavioral models

B. subculture D. social bonds

56. __________ theory states that crime and delinquency result

when an individual’s bond to society is weak or broken.

A. labeling C. social process

B. social structure D. control

57. It is a human act punishable by the Revised Penal Code.

A. disciplinary act C. crime

B. offense D. breach of discipline

58. A PNP member who retires compulsorily from the service

shall, for purposes of __________, be retired one rank higher
than the rank he last held.

A. retirement pay C. monthly salary

B. longevity pay D. pay and allowances

59. A person has __________ when he/she has painful memories

associated with some shocking experience which are represented
and cannot be recalled.

A. anxiety C. delusions
B. amnesia D. phobia

60. What is meant by victimless crime?

A. the victim knows the suspect

B. there is no victim
C. the victim is dead
D. there is no complaining victim

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61. A PNP Regional Director must have the rank of __________.

A. P/Director C. P/Senior Superintendent

B. P/Superintendent D. P/Chief Superintendent

62. Statement 1: Mass media is a contributing factor to

delinquency.

Statement 2: Defective character has a bearing on deviant

conduct.

Statement 3: Attitudes are inherited not learned.

Statement 4: Loyalty for the gang compels the members to

conform.

A. statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct

B. statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct
C. statements 1, 3 and 4 are correct
D. statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct

63. All, EXCEPT one are grounds for police reforms:

A. low credibility on the part of the police

B. adequate power and functions
C. public alienation toward the police
D. low pay scale and allowances

64. Health and physical condition of police members shall be a

concern for police administrators. The following are the needed
tests to be conducted regularly, EXCEPT:

A. performance test C. psychiatric test

B. medical examination D. physical agility test

65. The aspect of public relations that has been given LEAST
importance is:

A. preparation of plans
B. training of policemen is personal contacts with the
public
C. amount of budget
D. structure of the function

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66. Rehabilitation of convicted offenders who are incarcerated
inside jails is called:

A. institutional treatment
B. parole
C. community-based treatment
D. probation

67. Higher levels of professional police service is on demand

nowadays in view of __________.

A. the changing role of the police

B. the changing economic environment
C. higher pay scale due to salary standardization
D. more applicants to the police job

68. Conflicts and their behavioral outcomes are classified as

follows:

A. avoidance-approach conflict
B. approach-avoidance conflict
C. avoidance-avoidance conflict
D. approach-approach conflict

69. If Metro Manila accounts for 26% of the national total crime
volume of 84,875, how many crime were reported to the police?

A. 20, 250 C. 32, 644

B. 22, 068 D. 22,868

70. It means the orderly and organized physical movement of

elements or units of the PNP within the province, city or
municipality for purpose of employment.

A. deploy C. sent to mission

B. employ D. assign

71. It is referred to as sexual gratification by watching nude

woman or man.

A. exhibitionism C. voyeurism
B. transverstism D. fetishism

72. Under this ethical standard, all PNP members shall follow
logical procedures in accomplishing their duties to minimize
waste of time, money and efforts.

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 A. orderliness C. justice
B. morality D. humility

73. The behavior associated with relations between the sexes

with reproductive functions.

A. sensuality C. homosexuality
B. sexuality D. fetishism

74. A police officers mental attitude is of vital importance

mainly because:

A. his job demands the ability to make vital calculations

B. he usually has to act before he has the chance to think
C. he must keep calm in order to thick clearly in an
emergency critical situation
D. arresting offenders call for executive ability

75. The police must generate citizen support and involvement in

the maintenance of peace and order because and order because the
police do not operate in __________.

A. vacuum C. community
B. slum area D. hazard

76. Appeals from demotion or dismissal from the service, imposed

by the People’s Law Enforcement Boards (PLEBs) are limited to the
following, EXCEPT:

A. may be appealed by either party

B. appeal shall be within 10 days upon receipt of
decision
C. appeal may be addressed to the National Appellate
Board
D. appeal may be addressed to the Regional Appellate
Board

77. He espoused the theory that poor physical condition plus a

defective mind were factors in the criminal personality.

A. Cesare Baccaria C. John Locke

B. Charles Goring D. Jeremy Bentham

78. He said that crime is normal and part of human nature.

A. Goring C. Durkheim

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 B. Lombroso D. Glueck

79. This implies a relatively stable system of organization that

is capable of making adjustments to changing conditions and that
enables the group members to carry on the generally accepted
tasks without undue disruption.

A. a comprehensive social control

B. an integrated social order
C. an integrated educational system
D. a comprehensive social system

80. There is _________ if the killing was considered beforehand

and that it was motivated by more than a simple desire to engage
in an act of violence.

A. implied malice C. express malice

B. deliberation D. premeditation

81. Which of the following should NOT be released to the press

by the police officer?

A. juvenile’s Name B. juvenile’s age

C. length of investigation D. type of crime committed

82. It is an inherent power of the _________ to compel the

attendance of persons to testify in a case pending therein.

A. prosecution C. police
B. correction D. courts

83. A PNP appointee to a non-officer rank must have completed

__________ for appointment.

A. 72 college units C. college course

B. vocational course D. master’s program

84. This approach to the study of criminality links criminal

behavior to metal states, especially mental disease, mental
disorders, pathologies and emotional problems.

A. cultural C. psychogenic
B. physiological D. demographic

85. This political violence is used to promote political goals

and employs kidnapping, assassinations and bombing to draw
repressive responses from government trying to defend themselves.

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 A. insurgency C. terrorism
B. sabotage D. espionage

86. A youthful offender is:

A. below 18 years of age

B. over 9 years but under 21 years of age at the time of
the commission of the offense
C. below 15 years but not above 21 years of age
D. over 9 years of age but under 18 years of age

87. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. deal with all the hostage-takers during the negotiation

B. it is necessary to evacuate all civilians in hostage
situation
C. hostage-takers expectation is reduced as time is
prolonged
D. a hostage may develop positive feelings towards
hostage-takers on a prolonged passage of time.

88. The PNP was working for the return of the military ranks
under the PNP Reform Bill. The said bill was signed into law as
RA 8551 and the existing police ranks are maintained. What is the
equivalent military rank of a P/Chief Superintendent.

A. Major General C. Lieutenant General

B. Colonel D. Brigadier General

89. Police Officer I Alberto Macias entered the PNP service on

March 1, 1995. He was sent to the PNP Training Center to undergo
Police Basic Course a week after he reported to duty. While on
training, he was charge and found guilty of Grave Misconduct. Who
can terminate him?

A. President, PPSC B. Chief, PNP

C. Chairperson, NAPOLCOM D. Director, PNPTC

90. A person who is small-boned, fat, short, easy going and

craves for comfort and lifestyle.

A. endomorph C. octomorph
B. ectomorph D. mesomorph

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91. The involvement of PNP members and their families in
religious, social and civic activities enhances _________ which
will work well for the image of the organization.

A. social awareness C. effectiveness

B. camaraderie D. responsiveness

92. It is the process by which we use or manipulate

representations or symbols.

A. intuition C. perceiving
B. thinking D. memory

93. The Board of Officers was created by NAPOLCOM pursuant to RA

6975 for the purpose of the following EXCEPT:

A. Rationalization of compensation and retirement

B. Approval of table of organization and equipment
C. Adjustments of ranks
D. Establishment of Seniority Lineal List for Officers and
non-officers

94. There are three (3) categories of theories of crime that

rest in sociological interpretations. Which of the following is
NOT a category?

A. crime and delinquency is a product of abnormal brain or

nervous system
B. crime is function of association and social contact
C. crime and delinquency are a product of environment
D. crime is a consequence of the presence or absence of
certain types of internal restraint

95. If the youthful offender is __________ while inside the

training institution or administration office, he is brought to
court for the pronouncement of his sentence.

A. helpful C. disobedient
B. physically disable D. incorrigible

96. It is behavior pattern where an individual return to a state

of form adjustment and attempt to experience them again in
memory.

A. frustration C. anger
B. regression D. phobia

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97. Reports on crimes committed in different areas are
consolidated by the police station. The statistical data on crime
incidents is called:

A. crime volume C. crime index

B. crime frequency D. crime rate

98. When police officers taught how to deal with people in a

warm and friendly manner, they are trained in __________.

A. human relations C. media relations

B. public information D. international relations

99. Family __________ implies the loss of family and the

breaking down of family relations.

A. disruption C. disorganizations
B. disintegration D. disorientation

100. PO III Pedro Alas is often seen with gambling lords and
drunkards in his community. What he is doing affects the
__________ of the police organization.

A. power C. image
B. prestige D. authority

*** E N D ***

SUBMIT THIS PRE-BOARD EXAMINATION BOOKLET TOGETHER WITH THE

ANSWER SHEET TO YOUR EXAMINER. BRINGING THE TEST QUESTION SET OUT
OF THE ROOM WILL BE A GROUND FOR DISCIPLINARY ACTION.

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