www.ijpsonline.

com

14. Kasture VS, Bhagat AD, Puro NC. Spectrophotometric method for
simultaneous estimation of ofloxacin and ornidazole in tablet dosage
form. Indian Drugs 2004;41:51-3.
15. Halkar UP, Ankalkope PB. Reverse phase high performance liquid
chromatographic determination of ofloxacin and tinidazole in tablets.
Indian Drugs 2000;37:585-8.
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dosage form. Indian Drugs 2005;42:723-5.
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and validation of a stability-indicating HPTLC densitometric method for
Satranidazole. J Liq Chromatogr Rel Technol 2007;30:2459-71.
18. Natarajan S, Raman B. HPLC determination of satranidazole in bulk
and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Asian J Chem 2008;20:1833-40.
19. Mruthyunjayaswamy BH, Patil SM, Raju SA. Spectrophotometric
determination of satranidazole in bulk drug and formulations. J Indian
Chem Soc 2003;80:863-5.
20. Wankhede SB, Nanda RK, Prakash A, Chitlange SS. Simultaneous
Spectrophotometric estimation of Ofloxacin and Satranidazole in tablet
dosage form. J Pharm Res 2008;7:92-4.
21. Sun HW, Hea P, Lva YK, Lianga SX. Effective separation and
simultaneous determination of seven fluoroquinolones by capillary
electrophoresis with diode array detector. J Chromatogr B
2007;852:145-51.
22. Yin XB, Kang J, Fang L, Yang X, Wang E. Short-capillary
electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection using porous
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A 2004;1055:223-8.
23. Lea HB, Pearta TE, Svobodab ML. Determination of ofloxacin,
norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin in sewage by selective solid phase
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liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr
A 2007;1139:45-52.
24. Tuerk J, Reinders M, Dreyer D, Kiffmeyer TK, Schmidt KG, Kuss HM.
Analysis of antibiotics in urine and wipe samples from environmental
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Tandem MS Detection. J Chromatogr B 2006;831:72-80.
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Accepted 13 January 2011
Revised 22 September 2010
Received 24 December 2009
Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 2011, 73 (1): 70-74

Visible Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination

of Aripiprazole in Tablets
R. JAIN, S. K. KASHAW*, RISHAB JAIN, P. MISHRA AND D. V. KOHLI
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University,
Sagar - 470 003, India

Jain, et al.: Spectrophotometric Method for Aripiprazole

A simple, accurate and economic spectrophotometric method for the determination of aripiprazole in tablet
formulation is proposed. In the present method acidic solution of the aripiprazole formed colored ion-association
complexes with bromocresol green, soluble in chloroform. Yellowish orange chromogen showed λmax at 414 nm
and obeyed Beer’s law in the concentration range of 10-60 µg/ml. Statistical analysis and recovery studies validated
the method. The proposed method is rapid, precise and accurate and can be applied for the routine estimation of
aripiprazole in the laboratory.

Key words: Aripiprazole, UV/Vis spectrophotometry

Aripiprazole (C23H27Cl2N3O2; molecular weight=448.39) management of schizophrenia and is also under

is chemically 7-4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1-piprazenyl]
butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-(1H)-quinolinone (fig. 1). It
is an atypical antipsychotic drug with serotonin 5-
HT1A-receptor partial agonist and 5HT2A-receptor
antagonist properties as well as being a partial
agonist at dopamine D2 receptors. It is used in the
*Address for correspondence
E-mail: sushilkashaw@gmail.com
74
investigation for bipolar disorder[1-2]. Literature survey
revealed that several methods including HPLC with
column switching and spectrophotometric detection[3]
and reverse phase HPLC methods have been reported
for the estimation of aripiprazole. Till date no UV/
Vis spectrophotometric method for the estimation of
aripiprazole is reported. Therefore the present paper
reports a simple and sensitive spectrophotometric
method for the estimation of aripiprazole in tablets.
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences January - February 2011
 www.ijpsonline.com
Fig. 1: Structure of aripiprazole
A GBC Cintra-10 double beam UV/Vis
spectrophotometer (Australia) equipped with 10
mm matched quartz cells was used in the present
investigation. The spectrophotometer was run at a
spectral band width of 5 nm with a scan speed of
24~1400 nm/min. Methanol AR grade, Bromocresol
green dye and chloroform AR grade (Qualigens,
Mumbai) was used in the present study. Pure
aripiprazole as gift sample was obtained from M/s
Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmdebad. All other
chemicals used were of analytical grade.
A stock solution (S) of aripiprazole was prepared
by dissolving 10 mg (accurately weighed) of the
drug in 1 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid and
finally the volume was made up to 10 ml with
distilled water (1000 µg/ml). Stock solution (S) was
further diluted with distilled water to get a working
standard solution (100 µg/ml) for spectrophotometric
estimation. The stock solution was suitably diluted
to produce solution of concentration 10 µg/ml,
this working solution was scanned in the entire
UV/Vis range (200-800 nm) to determine the λmax
(fig. 2). Different aliquots (1.0, 2.0…6.0 ml) of
working standard solution was taken in to a series of
10 ml volumetric flasks, and to this 2 ml of buffer
solution and 2 ml of 0.5% bromocresol green dye
solution were added and volume were made up with
distilled water in each volumetric flask to prepare a
series of concentration between 10-60 µg/ml. Poured
in different separating funnels and the solutions
were extracted with chloroform (successively)
4´2 ml. Separated organic layer were collected in
10 ml volumetric flask and volume was made up
with chloroform. The absorbance of the yellowish
chromogen was measured at 414 nm, against a
reagent blank and calibration curve was plotted in 10
to 60 µg/ml concentration range.
Three commercial formulations, Arip-MT
15 (M/s Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) Asprito
(Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) and Arive (M/s
January - February 2011 Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
TABLE 1: OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND
REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF ARIPIPRAZOLE
Parameters Values
max (nm) 414
Beer’s Law Limit (µg/ml) 10-60
Molar absorptivity (L/mol.cm)* 6.5018´104
Sandell’s sensitivity 0.0689
(µg/cm2x0.001 absorbance unit)
Regression equation y = 0.0125x +0.0539
Slope (a) 0.0125
Intercept (b) 0.0539
Correlation coefficient (r) 0.9968
*Average of six determinations.
Fig. 2: Aripiprazole scanned in visible range using BCG (in 0.1N HCl)
Alkem Laboratory Ltd.) were purchased from
local pharmacy. Average weight of a tablet was
calculated by weighing 20 tablets. Tablets were
powdered finely and powder equivalent to 100 mg
of aripiprazole was extracted with 10 ml portion of
concentrated sulphuric acid, filtered and the volume
made up to 100 ml with water (1000 mg/ml).
Aliquots of this solution were treated as mentioned
for standard. The above tablet powder solution was
then suitably diluted to obtain concentration range of
10-60 µg/ml of aripiprazole. Absorbances were taken
and concentrations of aripiprazole were determined
using the calibration curve. Finally calculations
were made with the dilution factor to find out the
concentration of the drug in tablets. The experiments
were repeated six times to check its reproducibility.
To study accuracy, reproducibility and precision
of the method, recovery studies were carried out
by adding known amount of pure drugs to the
analyzed sample of tablet powder and mixture was
reanalyzed for the drug content using the proposed
method. Results of recovery were found to be
satisfactory. The proposed method for determination
of aripiprazole showed molar absorptivity
of 6.5018´10 4 l/mol´cm. Linear regression of
75
 www.ijpsonline.com

TABLE 2: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF ARIPIPRAZOLE

Brand name Label claim Amount Found SD* COV* SE* ‘t’ cal* ‘t’ the*
(mg/tab) (mg/tab)*
ARIP-MT 15 15 15.01±0.01 0.0182 0.1214 0.0074 0.6856 3.365
ASPRITO 10 10.01±0.01 0.0126 0.1257 0.0051 1.7712
ARIVE 20 20.03±0.02 0.0279 0.1397 0.0114 2.7391
*Average of six determinations. *Theoretical‘t’ values were calculated at 95% confidence level with (n-1) degrees of freedom ‘t’ (0.025, 5) = 3.365. SD = Standard
deviation, COV = Coefficient of variance and SE = Standard error.

TABLE 3: RECOVERY STUDIES OF ARIPIPRAZOLE were reanalyzed by the proposed methods. The
Brand name % Recovery ± S.D* percentage recovery was close to 100% for both
ARIP-MT 15 101.62±0.16 methods. The results are summarized in Table 2. The
ASPRITO 100.75±0.02 reproducibility, repeatability, and accuracy of this
ARIVE 100.38±0.01
method were found to be good evidenced by low
*Average of six determinations
standard deviation.

absorbance on concentration obtained the equation ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

y = 0.0125x + 0.0539 with a correlation coefficient
(r) of 0.9968 (Table 1). Statistical analysis of
commercial formulations is presented in Table 2.
The recovery experiments indicated the absence
of interference from the commonly encountered
pharmaceutical additives and excipients (Table 3).
Significantly low values of standard deviation,
standard error and coefficient of variation indicates
the precision of the proposed method. These values
are compared with the theoretical values of 100
percent by means of unpaired students ‘t’ test
(Table 2). As the calculated ‘t’ values were less than
theoretical ‘t’ values, it is calculated that the results
of analysis were in good agreement for each brand
of tablet. To test the accuracy and reproducibility
of the proposed method, recovery experiments were
performed by adding known amount of pure drug
to previously analyzed samples, and these samples
The authors wish to thank Torrent pharmaceuticals ltd.,
Ahemdebad, for providing gift sample of aripiprazole. One
of the authors (RJ) thanks UGC, New Delhi for providing
financial assistance.
REFERENCES
1. Sweetman SC. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. 34th ed.
London: Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain; 2005. p. 671.1.
2. Budavari S. The Merck Index. 13th ed. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck
and Co., Inc.; 2001. p. 791.
3. Kirchherr H, Kuhn-Velten WN. Quantitative determination of forty-eight
antidepressants and antipsychotics in human serum by HPLC tandem
mass spectrometry: A multi-level, single-sample approach. J Chromatogr
B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005;51:1718.
Accepted 14 January 2011
Revised 23 October 2010
Received 17 February 2010
Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 2011, 73 (1): 74-76

Leucocyte Variation, an Insight of Host Defenses During

Hymenolepiasis and Restoration with Praziquantel
J. PARVATHI* AND ARUNA KAREMUNGIKAR
PG Department of Zoology, Vivek Vardhini College, Jambagh, Hyderabad - 500 095, India

Parvathi and Karemungikar: Leucocyte Variation and Host Defenses in Hymenolepiasis

Haematological studies in helminthiasis reveal drastic alterations in the white blood cells (leucocytes), and its
various components like neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils. The use of proper anthelmintic

*Address for correspondence

E-mail: saip_jayanthi@yahoo.co.in

76 Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences January - February 2011