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Japanese consonant and vowel verbs

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Japanese has two types of regular verb,

1. consonant stem, godan katsuyō (五段活用?), Group I, or u verbs, and

2. vowel stem, ichidan katsuyō (一段活用?), Group II, or ru verbs.

Although both types are considered regular verbs, the consonant stem verbs conjugate
differently from the vowel stem verbs. The consonant stem verbs conjugate after a
consonant, and the vowel stem verbs conjugate after a vowel, as can be seen in the
following examples:

consonant stem vowel stem

Example yom.u (read) hashir.u (run) mi.ru (see) tabe.ru (eat)

Negative yom.anai hashir.anai mi.nai tabe.nai

Polite
yom.imasu hashir.imasu mi.masu tabe.masu
form

Please see Japanese verb conjugations for all the verb forms.

All of the vowel stem verbs end in either eru or iru. However, not all verbs ending in iru
or eru are vowel stem verbs. For example, hashiru, "run", is a consonant stem verb.

Contents
[hide]

• 1 List of verbs ending in "eru" which are Group 1 Verbs

• 2 List of verbs ending in "iru" which are Group 1 Verbs
 • 3 External links

• 4 References

[edit] List of verbs ending in "eru" which are Group 1

Verbs

Aseru To hurry

Azakeru To ridicule

Daberu To chatter

Eru To carve (note that eru meaning "to get, to obtain" is a vowel stem verb)

Eru To choose (see eru above)

Eru To ridicule (see eru above)

Fukeru To be absorbed in

Fuseru To hide, lie in ambush

Haberu To attend on

Heru To humble oneself

Heru To decrease

Hineru To twist
Hirugaeru To turn over, to wave

hoderu To feel hot

hoteru to flush, to feel hot

to turn over (note that kaeru meaning "to alter" and kaeru meaning "to
kaeru
exchange" are vowel stem verbs)

kaeru to return (see kaeru above)

kaeru to be hatched (see kaeru above)

kageru to become cloudy

kakeru to soar

keru to kick

kuneru to be crooked

kutsugaer
to be overturned
u

meru to decrease

to temper, to refine, to knead (note that neru meaning "to sleep" is a vowel
neru
stem verb)

nomeru to fall forward

numeru to be slippery

omoneru to flatter

seru to compete

seseru to pick, play with

shaberu to talk, to chat

shigeru to grow thick

shikeru to become damp

soberu to lie sprawled

suberu to slip

takeru to act violently

teru to shine

tsumeru to pinch

tsuneru to pinch

uneru to undulate

useru to root with the nose

yomigaeru to rise from the dead

[edit] List of verbs ending in "iru" which are Group 1

Verbs

aburagiru to be greasy

bibiru to be surprised

chigiru to pledge

chiru to scatter

dojiru to mess up

guchiru to grumble

hairu to enter

hashiru to run

hiru to winnow

hojiru to pick, dig out

hotobashir
to gush, spurt
u

ibiru to torment, roast

ijiru to fiddle with

to become sultry (note that ikiru meaning "to live, to stay alive" is a vowel
ikiru
stem verb)

Iru to boil down (note that iru meaning "to be" is a vowel stem verb)

Iru to go in (see iru above)

Iru to need (see iru above)

Iru to roast (see iru above)

kagiru to limit

kajiru to gnaw

kashiru to curse

to become misty (note that kiru meaning "to put on [clothing]" is a vowel
Kiru
stem verb)

Kiru to cut (see kiru above)

kishiru to become misty

kishiru to squeak, creak

kojiru to gouge, wrench

kubiru to grip, strangle

kujiru to gouge, scoop

mairu to come/go - humble

majiru mingle

meiru to feel depressed

mikubiru to belittle; to despise

minagiru to overflow

mogiru to wrench

mojiru to parody, to twist

mushiru to pluck, to pick, to tear

najiru to rebuke

nejiru to twist

nigiru to grasp

nijiru to edge forward

nonoshiru to abuse verbally

ochiiru to fall, sink

omoiiru to ponder, to contemplate

omoikiru to dare to (usually in the form omoikitte or omoikitta.)

sebiru to pester for

Shiru to know

soshiru to slander

Sujiru to wriggle

Tagiru to boil, to seethe

tamagiru to be frightened

tobashiru to gush

tochiru to muff lines

Yajiru to jeer at

Yogiru to pass by, to drop in

Yojiru to twist, distort

yokogiru to traverse
[edit] External links
• sci.lang.japan FAQ's list of iru and eru consonant stem verbs.

[edit] References
• Seiichi Makino and Michio Tsutsui, A dictionary of intermediate Japanese
grammar, published by The Japan Times, ISBN 4-7890-0775-8.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_consonant_and_vowel_verbs"

Categories: Japanese grammar | Verbs by language

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