Do Now

When you get a job, what do you

expect in terms of your working
conditions?

1
Lesson 1:
Setting Purpose for Research: What Are
Fair Working Conditions?
• I can explain some of the differences between working
conditions in developing and developed countries.
Researcher’s Notebook

We will be investigating current working

conditions in the garment industry.

3
 wegmans.com
Scroll down to the careers link
Focus on Benefits, Opportunities and Diversity

The site does not provide data on how much workers are
paid; a call to the hiring office suggests that the average
16-year-old with no experience looking for part-time work
would start at about minimum wage ($7.25/hour in New
York) and have the opportunity for raises over time.
Wegman’s Working Conditions Anchor Chart

Given what you have learned

about what it might be like to
work at Wegmans, what can
we add to the anchor chart
under ‘Examples of Fair
Working Conditions’?

5
 Fair Working Conditions in the U.S.

Fair working conditions are ones in which the workers are

paid appropriately, have reasonable work days (8 hours or
so) and workweeks (40 hours or so), and are safe and
healthy.

Why is this fair?

Should anything else be added?
6
The difference between pay and other working conditions in
developing and developed countries

7
How can countries measure the wellbeing of their
citizens?

8
Garment Industry

▰Where are the clothes that you are wearing from?

▰Check the labels.
▰Put a star on the map of where your & your classmate's
clothing is made.

9
 FOUR CORNERS

1. I will state and post a statement.

2. You will think for a minute, then go to the corner than best
represents your opinion: strongly agree, mostly agree, mostly
disagree, or strongly disagree.
3. Groups will talk in their corners for a few minutes, and then I will call
on one or two people from each corner to share out.

10
“ Because all wages and the cost of living are
lower in Bangladesh, it is fair that the
average hourly wage for a garment worker
there is $0.24 while in the United States it is
$8.25.

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“ It is never fair to have children younger
than 16 working in factories, even if
their parents give permission.

12
“ It is the responsibility of the governments
of other countries, not U.S. companies, to
make sure the garment factories are safe.

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“ U.S. consumers have some responsibility for
poor working conditions and low wages in
garment factories in other countries,
because they demand and buy the cheap
clothes.

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 Fair Working Conditions

Although many workers are willing to work longer hours for

less pay than workers in the United States, they also want
working conditions and pay that they consider fair.
Do you have any responsibilities as consumers for the working
conditions of garment workers in other countries? Why or why
not?

15
Do Now
What would be a good research question based on these
pictures?
 Lesson 2:
Researching: Asking the Right
Questions
• I can identify and understand the parts
of the research process.
 Researcher’s Roadmap Anchor Chart

Good researchers stop often to look around and see where they are, check their maps,
and set their course toward their final destination. They sometimes take side trips, but
they use their route-finding tools to reach their destinations.

18
Researcher’s Roadmap Anchor Chart

19
 Overarching research question: What are the working conditions like in the electronics
industry?
1
I wanted to find a basic overview of the process of making electronics before I began thinking
2 about working conditions.

The first Web site I went to was called Investopedia. I decided that it was a credible site, and I
skimmed it to find some information. From there, I found out that a company called Foxconn
3 in China made many of our electronic products and, in fact, they make the iPhones. So I now
As a class, we had a more specific question: What is it like to work in a Foxconn factory?

will read I also decided that “electronic” was very broad, so I narrowed it down to making iPhones
because I was very interested in that and I thought it would be a good case study—a detailed
through and 4 example that has been studied a lot and can help me infer about the larger subject of
order the electronics.

research steps Then I began to search some more. On the first Web site, the author talked about a report on a
TV show on ABC called Nightline. I decided a national TV show would be a credible source, so I
3
correctly. went there first.

I skimmed through the slide show based on the TV report and found some of the information I
was looking for. I didn’t watch the whole TV show because I was just skimming.
4

Then I stopped and reassessed. I had lots of negative information. But that gave me more
questions: Was there anything positive about working in these factories? Why are people
5 working there? Has Foxconn changed anything since these reports came out?20
Developing strong supporting research questions: Determine if these questions are effective or ineffective in
answering the overarching question. Circle your answer.
Effective or Ineffective Who makes the iPhone in China?

Effective or Ineffective Who designed the iPhone?

Effective or Ineffective Does more than one company make the iPhone?

Effective or Ineffective How many hours does the average factory employee work each week?

Effective or Ineffective Will the working conditions in China ever improve?

Effective or Ineffective What is a “living wage” in China? Does the iPhone factory pay a living wage?

Effective or Ineffective Do the workers in the iPhone factories get to eat candy bars?

Effective or Ineffective What do the iPhone factory workers say about their jobs?

21
 Your Performance Task
Overview
Throughout this module, we have explored working conditions. We read Lyddie to glimpse the factories of
the past and understand the challenges faced by workers. We studied César Chávez’s speech to contemplate
how individuals and groups affect working conditions. Now we are going to explore the working conditions
of today and think about how you, a teenage consumer, influence working conditions around the world.

Prompt
You want to be an informed consumer, so you’ve decided to research some of the working conditions going
on, right now, for the clothes you wear every day. Then you want to share this information with your peers
so other teenagers can be informed consumers as well. Working conditions in the garment industry vary,
and you want to remind your peers that the way they spend their dollars matters.

Preparation: Research
Conduct a short research project and complete this Researcher’s Notebook. In your packet you will gather
information, generate questions, and summarize your findings.

Performance Task: Spartan Speeches

You will create and present a two-minute speech. Your speech will include:
Overview of your research question and findings
Working conditions in the garment industry
Advice to consumers

Speech Rules:
Your speech will be graded based on the content, rhetoric, and presentation. While delivering speeches, you
may use written material or a note card for quick reference or for backup, but shouldn’t read from it.
22
 Content and Presentation 1 2 3 4
Fair Good Excellent Superior

Rubric Strong Opening and Statement 1 2 3 4

of the Problem, Opinion or
Concern

Strong Thesis Support and 1 2 3 4

Conclusion

Memorable and Interesting 1 2 3 4

Language: Rhetoric

Voice: Clear, Interesting, 1 2 3 4

Expressive

Delivery: Poise, Gestures, Eye 1 2 3 4 Total

Contact Points:

Subtotals

23
“ Model Speech
As you listen to this model speech on a different
topic. Use the rubric above to grade your
teacher.

24
 Do Now
“I’ve heard that story before, Ben,” said his friend Bob. “It’s
exactly the same as the movie I saw last week! Didn’t you
tell me that you wrote it?”

“I didn’t mean to plagiarize,” said Ben.

“Why don’t you try paraphrasing some of the dialogue?”

suggested Bob. “And maybe you could add some new
characters or change the setting, too. Then it would be more
your own.”

Use context clues to determine the meaning of plagiarism

25
and paraphrasing. Define both words.
 Lesson 3:
Research: Paraphrasing Relevant
Information
• I can generate effective questions to guide my
research.
• I can quote or paraphrase others’ work while
avoiding plagiarism.
Paraphrasing

27
Original Text
Kay, Tabea. “Ethical Style: How Is My T-Shirt Made?” Originally appeared on www.GOOD.is on
February 9, 2012.

Original Text Paraphrase

P1. The cotton T-shirt … is a staple of the Most of the T-shirts we

American wardrobe. Your T-shirt can be wear in the U.S. are
made any number of ways, but more likely manufactured abroad. In
than not, it isn’t made in the United States. In fact, the GOOD website
2011, we imported more than $17 billion reports that the U.S.
worth of cotton tees into American closets. imported over $17 billion
Let’s take a look at where they probably came worth of cotton tees in a
from—and how we can improve on the single year.
process, step by step.
28
P2. The T-shirt begins as an idea. A team of
designers determines the color, fit, and—most Many clothes
relevant to our interests—the fabric of your begin in cotton
top. The world’s cotton demand has doubled fields, and Kay
since the 1960s, with 90 percent of harvested reports that most
cotton getting spun into apparel. The U.S. has of the cotton
the highest demand for the finished cotton grown in the world
garment, and also happens to be the world’s is from the U.S.,
largest exporter of the raw material. It China, India,
dominates global cotton production in tandem Pakistan,
with China, India, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, and Uzbekistan, and
Brazil. Brazil.

29
Original Text Paraphrase

P3. Unfortunately, your T-shirt label won’t tell Kay states that there
you where that cotton came from. Still, there are many problems
are a few truths about cotton that don’t need a with the cotton
label. For one, child labor is a major reality in industry abroad.
cotton harvesting. From Uzbekistan to Egypt, Most importantly, the
children are forced into picking and fields are often
separating cotton for pennies, if anything. worked by children.
Cotton certified as Fair Trade and in
compliance with the International Labor
Organization are the only viable indicators of
fair cotton harvested without child labor …

30
Original Text Paraphrase
P4. Even if your T-shirt’s material was harvested in
accordance with U.S. labor laws, the crop poses other
ethical concerns. As a general rule of thumb, cotton is Although this is
terrible for the environment. Cotton is the largest water interesting, this
guzzler in the natural fiber family. Major ecological damage
does not have to
has already been done. The devastating shrinkage of the
Aral Sea is largely attributed to cotton farming; what water do with my
is left is contaminated by pesticides and herbicides. Five of research topic. I
the top nine pesticides used in U.S. cotton farming are will skim this
known to be carcinogenic. All of them contaminate fresh
groundwater. These ecological concerns can be part.
circumvented with a shift toward organic cotton, but even
organic cotton needs to drink.

31
P5. When material, prototype, and samples
are set, the T-shirt is put into mass Kay states that
production…. The production segment of the even though
T-shirt supply chain is the one most people started to
scrutinized in the public eye, and with good speak out against
reason. The factory process is inefficient, sweatshops, there
wasteful, and often still abusive. Though the are still bad
public outcry against sweatshops gained working
sudden momentum a decade ago, garment conditions in
manufacturing is still rife with complications. many factories.

32
P6. Experts speculate that in India, child labor
makes up 20 percent of the nation’s GDP…. According to
Many adult workers face immense pressures Kay, because
as well. Even as the price of cotton rises cotton is more
(which it has, dramatically, in recent years), expensive, the
the export price remains depressed. The only companies cut
way to meet the bottom line is to shave the the wages of the
last remaining pennies off of the wages of workers to make
spinners and sewers. more money.

33
Original Text Paraphrase

P7. Changes are being made step-by-step. A

T-shirt’s country of origin was once the Kay is hopeful,
however, because there
definitive stamp of the working conditions are some changes
under which it was made. But today, being made. For
individual factories are being held increasingly example, companies
are setting standards
accountable for the specifics…. Some for themselves and
corporations have responded by asking other people to
implementing their own codes of conduct, and come in “to comment
on the validity of their
inviting external audits to comment on the claims …”
validity of their claims …

34
P8. The bottom line: There is much to be done at
all steps of the fashion supply chain. If end Kay strongly suggests
consumers like us can gain a better understanding that we need something
of our T-shirt’s production cycle—the sustainability to tell consumers about
of its fabric and the working conditions of its the working conditions
farmers and sewers—we can put pressure on behind the garments.
these corporations to help us make a more Then, when the
informed and conscious decision about our consumers gain a clear
clothes. The more transparent the entire understanding of how the
production process becomes, the more claims to clothes are made, they
“ethical” and “sustainable” practices will become can act on that
sought-after attributes of the printed T-shirt we understanding.
see on the shelves.
35
Source #1 Research Notes: Put a star next to the supporting question that you think is the most relevant
and important to answer.

Research Notes
Exemplar question:
What is the range of working conditions in a garment factory?

Five supporting research questions:

What are some corporations that are trying to improve the working conditions in garment
factories?
Are there any examples of consumers doing anything to change the working conditions of
garment factories?
Who gives consumers like me information about working conditions?
How does the government influence working conditions in the garment industry?
Are working conditions in the garment industry in the United States different from those in
36
other countries?
 Do Now
Read the quote from the text. Then read the two
paragraphs. Circle the one that best paraphrases the
information and explain your choice.
Quote from text Paraphrase 1 Paraphrase 2 Rationale for your
choice

A. Within seven months According the New York Seven months ago, there
last year, two explosions Times, there have been were two explosions that
at iPad factories, two separate deadly killed four people. Apple
including in Chengdu, explosions at iPad had been alerted to the
killed four people and factories. Before these hazardous conditions
injured 77. Before those blasts, an independent inside the Chengdu
blasts, Apple had been monitoring group in plant, according to a
alerted to hazardous China had alerted Apple Chinese group that
conditions inside the to the hazardous published that warning.
Chengdu plant, conditions.
according to a Chinese
group that published
that warning.
37
B. Two years ago, 137 A few years ago, 137 Duhigg and Barboza
workers at an Apple workers at a factory that report that two years
supplier in eastern makes Apple products ago, many workers were
China were injured after were hurt when they injured when they were
they were ordered to use used a poisonous forced to clean iPhones
a poisonous chemical to chemical to clean iPhone screens with dangerous
clean iPhone screens. screens. chemicals.

C. In 2010, Steven P. Steve Jobs told The New Steve Jobs, the former
Jobs discussed the York Times that the CEO of Apple, told The
company’s relationships factories were just fine. New York Times that
with suppliers at an In fact, he said, “I mean, even though Foxconn is
industry conference. “I you go to this place, and a factory, “… they’ve got
actually think Apple it’s a factory, but, my restaurants and movie
does one of the best jobs gosh, they’ve got theaters and hospitals
of any companies in our restaurants and movie and swimming pools,
industry, and maybe in theaters and hospitals and I mean, for a
any industry, of and swimming pools, factory, it’s a pretty nice
understanding the and I mean, for a factory.”
working conditions in factory, it’s a pretty nice
our supply chain,” said factory.”
Mr. Jobs, who was
Apple’s chief executive
at the time and who died
last October.
38
 Lesson 4:
Deepening Your Research
• I can quote or paraphrase others’
work while avoiding plagiarism.
Credible Sources

40
 Credible Sources

What does it mean for a source to be credible?

Why is it important to use these sources?

How can you tell if a source is credible?

41
Source #2

An Apparel Factory Defies Sweatshop

Label, but Can It Thrive?
By Steven Greenhouse
From The New York Times, July 18, 2010

42
 Netflix: The True Cost
This is a story about clothing. It’s about the clothes we wear, the
people who make them, and the impact the industry is having on our
world. The price of clothing has been decreasing for decades, while
the human and environmental costs have grown dramatically. The
True Cost is a groundbreaking documentary film that pulls back the
curtain on the untold story and asks us to consider, who really pays
the price for our clothing?

Play the first 20 minutes or so...

43
 Brainstorming: Quick Write

Drafting your speech.

44
 Do Now
Determine the persuasive technique and explain why or why not it
is effective.
1. “Cigarette smoke contains over 4,800 chemicals, 69 of which
are known to cause cancer. So why start smoking?”

2. “You love your dog; so buy this dog food, as it will help him to get
all his nutrients.”

3. “My friend, who has a PhD in nutritional science, says that we

should eat fewer carbohydrates.”
45
Lesson 5:
Source #1 Paraphrasing Relevant Information
• I can read a source, identify and paraphrase information that
helps answer my focus research question, and generate
effective supporting research questions.
Annotating Source #3

Directions: We have practiced gathering information on your

research questions and generated effective research questions. We
will continue with Source 3. Read the article and mark any
information that applies to your research questions.
“Are Your Clothes Made in Sweatshops?” Oxfam Australia. N.p., n.d.
Web. 29 May 2013.

47
As an informed consumer you have many options to influence working conditions
around the world. Read through the list of options and pick one or two you believe
are the best course of action. Explain your choice.
❏ Continue to buy clothes as you do
❏ Buy clothes recommended by Fair Labor Organizations or similar organizations
❏ Pay more money to order your clothes online from companies that you believe
supports fair working conditions
❏ Make your own homespun clothes
❏ Read the Fair Labor Organizations Guidelines for companies and write letters to
companies urging them to take action
❏ Continue to research working conditions and post your findings online
48
 Netflix: The True Cost
This is a story about clothing. It’s about the clothes we wear, the
people who make them, and the impact the industry is having on our
world. The price of clothing has been decreasing for decades, while
the human and environmental costs have grown dramatically. The
True Cost is a groundbreaking documentary film that pulls back the
curtain on the untold story and asks us to consider, who really pays
the price for our clothing?

49
The basic speech format is simple. It consists of three parts:
1. an opening or introduction
2. the body where the bulk of the information is given
3. and an ending (or summary).

Think of it as a sandwich. The opening and ending are the slices of bread
holding the filling (body) together.

You can build yourself a simple sandwich with one filling or you can go
gourmet and add up to three or even five. The choice is yours.

But whatever you choose to serve, as a good cook, you need to consider
who is going to eat it! And that's your audience.

So with them in mind, let's prepare the filling first.

50
 How to write the speech

■ Write your main ideas out incorporating your examples and research
■ Link them together making sure each flows in a smooth, logical
progression
■ Write your ending, summarizing your main ideas briefly and end with
a call for action
■ Write your introduction considering the 'hook' you're going to use to
get your audience listening
■ An often quoted saying to explain the process is:
■ Tell them what you're going to tell them (Introduction)
■ Tell them (Body of your speech - the main ideas plus examples)
■ Tell them what you told them (The ending)

TEST before presenting. Read aloud several times to check the flow of
material, the suitability of language and the timing.
51
 Do Now
Brainstorm and write down your ideas for
your hook.

Introduction:
❏ Do you have an effective hook or attention-grabber at the beginning
of your speech?
❏ Do you explain why your topic is relevant to your audience?
❏ Do you reveal your topic to your audience in your introduction?
❏ Do you preview your main points?

52
 Lesson 6:
Individual Research
• I can read to find out specific information.
• I can quote or paraphrase others’ work while avoiding
plagiarism.
Speech by 8th grader on Oahu

As you
watch
and listen
to this
speech,
use the
rubric to
grade this
speech.

54
55
 Do Now
Brainstorm ideas for your conclusion and
write them down.

Conclusion:
❏ Does your conclusion summarize your main points?
❏ Does your conclusion agree with your thesis?
❏ Is your final statement memorable?

56
 Lesson 7:
• I can synthesize the information I learned
from several sources into cohesive speech.
58
 Lesson 8:
Performance Task: Speeches
• I can be a community contributor.
 Now you can use any emoji as an icon!
And of course it resizes without losing quality and you can change the color.

How? Follow Google instructions

https://twitter.com/googledocs/status/730087240156643328

✋ ❤

and many more...

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