Below gives a student an insight as per the Airbus Manual as to the procedure to

tow an aircraft with a deflated wheel(s)

Towing with Tires Deflated (A320 AMM)

WARNING : OBEY THESE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS DURING TOWING,

PUSHBACK OR MOVEMENT OF THE AIRCRAFT.
MAKE SURE THAT THE PATH OF THE AIRCRAFT IS CLEAR. MAKE
SURE THAT NO PERSONS SIT OR STAND ON THE TOWBAR.
NO NON-QUALIFIED PERSONS USE THE TRACTOR AS TRANSPORT.
THIS IS TO PREVENT THE RISK OF INJURY.
CAUTION: DO NOT TOW OR MOVE THE AIRCRAFT ON THE GROUND
IF THE ENGINE COWLS ARE OPEN.

Nose wheel steering is kept to a limit when: - You tow the aircraft with
one or more tires deflated on one or more landing gear.

(1) Any one tire is deflated on one or more gears (a maximum of three
deflated tires per aircraft). - Tow the aircraft by the nose gear only
The maximum permitted lateral angle of the towbar is plus or minus
10 degrees if one of the nose gear tires is deflated or plus or minus 40
degrees if both the nose gear tires are inflated.

(2) Any two tires are deflated (one per axle) on any one main gear.
- Tow the aircraft by the nose gear only
The maximum deflection of tow bar is plus or minus 10 degrees with
both the nose gear tires inflated.

(3) Two tires are deflated on the same axle or three tires are deflated
on the main gear.
- Tow the aircraft by the main gears (steered by the nose gear using
the tow bar or normal steering control)
The maximum nose gear steering angle is plus or minus 50 degrees
with both the nose gear tires inflated.

(4) Four tires are deflated on the same main gear .

- Tow the aircraft by the main gears with both the nose gear tires
inflated
No deflection of the towbar is permitted (speed limitation is 1.3m/sec.
(4.26 ft/sec.)).

TAXIING AND TOWING OF AIRCRAFT WITH DEFLATED

TIRES (A300 RECOVERY MANUAL)

When you have deflated tires on an aircraft it will limit the

movement you can make on the ground.
The deflated tires can be on one or more of the Landing Gears.
They can limit the movement in these ways :
– they limit the aircraft from being moved at taxiing speed on
certain nose-wheel steering angles
– they limit the aircraft from being towed at the maximum towing
angles.
There are two methods, which you can use to move an aircraft these
are:
with its own power (taxiing)
with a tow (towing).

2. Taxiing Using Two Engines

You will find three different Landing Gear configurations with
deflated tires. These are found on Curves A, B and C. Figure 1
also shows these configurations with the maximum nose-wheel
steering angle at different aircraft speeds.

A. You must look at Curve A, if any one tire is deflated on one or

more landing Gears.
You are permitted a maximum of three deflated tires for each
aircraft, this is a maximum of one for each Landing Gear.
If you have more than three deflated tires you must look at
another curve.
When you look at Curve A, the maximum steering angle that you are
permitted is 65 deg.
B. You must look at Curve B if you have one deflated tire on each
axle of one or both Main Landing Gears together with: – one Nose
Gear deflated tire.
You are permitted a maximum of five deflated tires for each
aircraft.
There must not be more than one deflated tire on any axle. If you
have more than five deflated tires you must look at a different
curve.
When you look at Curve B the maximum steering angle that you are
permitted is 65 deg.

C. You must look at Curve C, if you have three deflated tires on

one or both
Main Landing Gears together with : – one Nose Gear deflated tire.
You are permitted a maximum of seven deflated tires, but there
must be at least one inflated tire on each Landing Gear.
When you look at Curve C, the maximum steering angle that you are
permitted is 50 deg.
NOTE : You must not use the nose wheel steering if all four tires
on the same Main Gear are deflated.
In these configurations you must also limit the aircraft speed to
2.5 m/s.

3. Towing
When you tow an aircraft with deflated tires you must refer to the
configurations that follow.
These configurations prevent the aircraft from being towed as
usual.

A. You can tow an aircraft by the Nose Gear if any one tire is
deflated on one or more Landing Gears.
You are permitted a maximum of three deflated tires for each
aircraft.
You can tow an aircraft by the Nose Gear when:
– one of the Nose Gear tires is deflated (the maximum angular
movement of the towbar is 10 deg.).
– both Nose Gear tires are inflated (the maximum angular movement
of the
towbar is 40 deg.).

B. You can also tow an aircraft by the Nose Gear when :

– any one tire or two tires (one on each axle) is deflated on any
one Main Gear both Nose Gear tires are inflated (the maximum
angular movement of the tow bar is 10 deg).

C. You must tow an aircraft by the Main Gear if :

– two tires on the same axle are deflated
or three tires on the same Main Gear are deflated.
When you tow an aircraft by the Main Gear, both Nose Gear tires
must be inflated.
In this configuration you must steer the aircraft by the Nose Gear
or by the normal steering-control. The maximum nose-wheel steering
angle that you are permitted is 50 deg.

D. You must tow the aircraft by the Main Gear if all four tires on
the same Main Gear are deflated
When you tow an aircraft by the Main Gear, both Nose Gear tires
must be inflated.
You must limit the aircraft speed to 1.3 m/s. When you tow the
aircraft in this configuration no angular movement of the tow bar
is permitted.

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