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6.013 Electromagnetics and Applications, Fall 2005

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Markus Zahn, Electromagnetic Field Theory. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology:

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CartesianCoordinates(x, y, z)
Vf = -af. af af
, + O i, + i,
ax ay Oz
aA, aA, + aA,
V . A= a+
ax ay az
(LAX, A AaA\ .a, O
aA.
ay z az Ox ax ay
V2f a' +f + a'f
Ox jy az

CylindricalCoordinates (r, 4, z)
Of. I •af4 + af.1
Vf = arr r04 az
1a 1iA, aA,
V *A=- -(rAr)+M +M
rr rr a Oz
I aBA, aA. A, DA
A. I(rAs) A
rrr) 1xzaz
'L ar a4J
V~ f la0 af\ 1 82f a2f
-- r- +
rr Ora r) 14-2az

SphericalCoordinates (r, 0, 4)
a. af. 1 af.
Vf= ,+ ae+I If-14
ar r •O r sin 0 aO
A 1 (r
V" -A
= (rPA,)+
1 a(sin OAo) 1 oA*
+
r ar r sin 0 ae r sin 0 a4
x 1 a(sin OAs) aA]
r sin a80 04,
a
S 1 MA, a(rA,)) 1 [ra(rAo) dA,1
r sio arsin rOr O-

V'f = a-"
r-r r+ a+sin 0 O+ I a•f
 Cartesian Cylindrical Spherical
x = r cosc = r sin 0 cos 4

y = r sinq = r sin 0 sin 4

z = z = r os 0

= cos i, - sin 0i = sin 0 cos i, + cos 0 cos 4ie

-sin Ois
1
,Y = sin 0i, + cos 0ik = sin 0 sin 4i, + cos 0 sin /ie
+ cos 46 i
= iz
= cos Oi,- sin Oie

Cylindrical Cartesian Spherical

=r sin 0

= tan- 1y/x
-= z Sr cos 0

= cos kix, +sin i, = sin Oi, +cos ie

= -sin 0ix +cos 4iy = i4
= i = cos Oi, -sin 0iO

Spherical Cartesian Cylindrical

r /x 2+y2+z If,- ý+z

-1 z
0 = cos = cos
2
/x2'+y2+z'

= cot- x/y
i, = sin 0 cos ,ix +sin 0 sin (i, = sin Oi,+cos Oi,
+ cos Oi.
is = cos 0 cos oi, +cos 0 sin 4i, = cos Oi, -sin Oi,
-sin Oi.
i, = -sin 46i, +cos di, = i4,

Geometric relations between coordinates and unit vectors for Cartesian, cylir
drical, and spherical coordinate systems.
 VECTOR IDENTITIES
(AxB). C= A. (B xC)= (CxA). B
Ax(BxC)=B(A C)-C(A - B)
V* (VxA)=O
Vx(Vf)=o
V(fg) = fVg + gVf
V(A B) =(A * V)B + (B -V)A
+Ax(VxB)+Bx(VxA)
V. (fA)= fV. A+(A - V)f
V *(A x B)= B (V x A)-A -(V x B)
v x (A x B) = A(V B) - B(V - A)
+(B . V)A-(A - V)B
Vx(fA)= VfxA+fVxA
(V x A) x A = (A V)A - 'V(A . A)
Vx (Vx A) = V(V - A) - V A

INTEGRAL THEOREMS
Line Integral of a Gradient

=f(b) -f(a)
Vf dlI

Divergence Theorem:

f V-AdV= sA dS

Corollaries

t VfdV=f dS

VVxAdV=-s AxdS

Stokes' Theorem:

fA dl= (Vx A) dS

Corollary

ffdl= -fVfxdS

I
 MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS
Integral Differential Boundary Conditions
Faraday's Law
E'*dl=-d B-dS VxE=- aB nx(E2'-E')=0.
dtJI at
Ampere's Law with Maxwell's Displacement Current Correction

H.dI=s J,.dS VxH=Jjf+a- nx (H 2 -HI) =Kf

+ D dS
dtiJs
Gauss's Law

V D=p n *(D 2 -D 1 ) = of
sD-dS= pfdV

B dS=0 V*B=0

Conservation of Charge
pf
JdS+ d dV = O V J,+f=0 n (J2-JI)+ = 0
s dt at at
Usual Linear Constitutive Laws
D=eE
B=LH
Jf = o(E + vx B) =0E'[Ohm's law for moving media with velocity v]

PHYSICAL CONSTANTS
Constant Symbol Value units
Speed of light in vacuum c 2.9979 x 108 =3 x 108 m/sec
Elementary electron charge e 1.602 x 10 - '9 coul
Electron rest mass m, 9.11 x 10- 3s ' kg
Electron charge to mass ratio ee 1.76 x 10" coul/kg
-
Proton rest mass mn 1.67 x 10 27 kg
Boltzmann constant k 1.38 x 10-23 joule/OK
Gravitation constant G 6.67 x 10- " nt-m2 /(kg)2
Acceleration of gravity g 9.807 m/(sec)2
10-
Permittivity of free space 60 8.854x 10- 12= 36 farad/m
36?r
Permeability of free space -7
Al0 4Tr x 10 henry/m
Planck's constant h 6.6256 x 10- 3 4 joule-sec
Impedance of free space 110= 376.73 - 120ir ohms
Avogadro's number 6.023 x 1023 atoms/mole