Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dr. J D Chandrapal
MBA – marketing
g , PGDHRM,, P HD,, CII (Award)
( ) – London
Development Officer - LIC of India – Ahmedabad - 9825070933
Albert The formulation of a problem is often
Einstein more essential than its solution
What
at is
s a Problem
ob e ?….
Outcome
Expectation
1
….What
at is
s a Problem
ob e ?
A discrepancy
between what is and
what ought to be.
be
Ideal
Self
Ideal Self
Self Image
True Self
True Self Self Image
Problems is an Opportunity in Disguise
Albert
Einstein In the Middle of Every Difficulty Lies Opportunity
Problem
ob e Formulation…
o u at o What?
at
Heart of the Research Most Important Step to
process be Performed
Translating
T l i the h Management
M Problem
P bl into
i
a Research problem
Deciding
g on the online sales of the Determining
g Consumer’s Confidence in
Product unseen categories of Products
Research Problem Definition
Unanticipated Change
Environmental Effect - New Technology, Change in life Style,
Losing Market Share, Losing Key Sales People,
Key Issue
Ke Iss e – What is Happening and Why
Wh is the Change Taking
Place …. Oriented more toward Present
Planned Change
Intro. of New Product, Effective Pricing/Advertising Strategies
Losing Market Share, Losing Key Sales People,
Key Issue – Investigating the feasibility of alternatives under
consideration… Oriented more toward Future
Error 1 Error 2
Defined too Broad Statement Defined too
Broadly Narrowly
Specific Component
Theoretical
Objectives Framework
Research Questions
Al
Always i an Interrogative
in I t ti Form
F
Hypothesis involves
Unproven Statement or Proposition about the Phenomenon
Is happy passengers become loyal to the Happier passengers are more loyal than
Brand? others
others.
Business
B i class
l t
travelers
l need
d more facility
f ilit
Does the passengers need more facilities?
than the economy class travelers
Does the layout change by adding facility Changes in layout by adding facility in
increase the passengers? business class will increase passengers.
passengers
FINER criteria – Developing
p g Research question
q
• To the knowledge
Hypotheses
Non
Null Alternative Directional Inductive Deductive
Directional
Induction and Deduction
Induction Theory Building
Selection of
exploratory research
technique
Secondary
Experience Pilot Case
(historical)
survey study study
data
Problem definition =
Statement of Unit of Analysis +
Problem Research Objectives
Selection of
Research
basic research
Design
method
Developing an Approach
Problem Definition specifies
p Research Questions to be answered
and the Objectives of the Research
Problem Environment
Definition
Research
Questions
Hypotheses
Research Design
Research Design
Research Design…
g What? and Why?
y
• Blueprint describing how to conduct a research project.
• Good research design identifies all the things that need to be estimated
and works out the best way to measure them.
Data
Unstructured Structured
Collection
Data
Non statistical Statistical
Analysis
Develop
p an initial Recommend a final
Out come
Understanding - Exploratory course of action - Conclusive
Types
yp of Research Design
g
Literature Review
P j ti Techniques
Projective T h i
Longitudinal
g Study
y – True & Omnibus
Sample Survey
Conclusive
Laboratory Experiments
Causal
Field Experiments
Exploratory
p y Research… What?
• Exploratory research (or ER) is an examination into a subject in an attempt
t gain
to i further
f th insight.
i i ht With ER,
ER a researcher
h starts
t t with
ith a generall idea
id and
d
uses research as a tool to identify issues that could be the focus of future
research.
• Th ER provides
The id b k
background
d information
i f ti needed
d d to
t plan
l d
descriptive
i ti or
explanatory research. Through ER, researchers desire to generate
hypotheses about what is going on in a situation. A hypothesis is a
statement which explains how several variables are associated.
Exploratory Research… Why ?
The main aim of exploratory research is to identify the boundaries of
the environment in which the pproblems,, opportunities
pp or situations of
interest are likely to reside, and to identify the salient factors or
variables that might be found there and be of relevance to the
research.
The goals of exploratory research are intended to produce the
following possible insights: