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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
x 171.39
1
0.626
0.252
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
110/E 110/E
1
0.896
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
b) Edge strip
Half of the lane width is taken for design (multiple presence factor of 1.2 will be critical) since edge strip width is
limitted to 1800mm for one-lane loaded.
VLL+IM =1.2[IM*max(Vtr,Vtm)+Vln]/2
MLL+IM =1.2[IM*max(Mtr,Mtm)+Mln]/2
a) Interior Strip
i) Shear Force
x Vtr Vtm Vln Vdl=Vdc+Vdw VD VDU
0 0
73.781 73.781 62.896
16.129 16.129 91.212 329.664 205.469
329.664 205.469
VDmax=1.05(1.75[1.33Max(V tr,Vtm)+Vln]+1.25Vdl) = 329.664 kN/m
ii) Moment
x Mtr Mtm Mln Mdl=Mdc+Mdw MD MDU ρ As S
5.75 165.103
169.419 170.872
170.955 46.370 262.235 844.861
844.861 535.865
535.865
0.00908 0.00908
4802.614 4802.61 160
160
MDmax=1.05(1.75[1.33Max(Mtr,Mtm)+Mln]+1.25Mdl) = 844.861 kN-m/m 160 5024
i) Durability
For durability, adequate cover shall be used (for bottom of cast in place slab the cover is 35mm).
A 35mm concrete cover is provided here, thus there is no problem of durability.
AS = 535.865E+06 kN-m/m
= 4823.7mm2/m (provide diam. 32 c/c 160mm)
(0.6*400)*0.875*529
Ac= area of concrete having the same centroid as the principal tensile reinforcement are bounded by the surfaces of the
cross section and a line parallel the neutral axis divided by the number of bars (mm2), clear cover here also ≤50mm.
S = spacing of bars.
f r = modulus of rupture
f cten= tensile strength of the concrete
If f cten> 0.8f r, the section has cracked (AASHTO, Article 5.7.3.4 and 5.4.2.6) 9.56 3.33 2.66
MDu=535.865kN-m/m 222 Section has cracked
f r=0.63√ (f c’) = 3.33 Mpa 0.8f r = 2.66 MPa
6*535.865E+6 N-mm
f cten = =9.56 MPa
1000*580^2
Section has cracked
Steel stress for elastic cracked section for which moment of inertia of the composite transformed section, Icr, should be used.
If fs > fsa, then the area of reinforcing bars has to be increased by reducing the spacing of bars or the section depth
has to be increased.
a) Interior Strip
2
=nApi d 1 -x 2
bx2
Moment about the NA:
2
3
+nApi d 1 -x 2
bx2 2
I cr =
3
M d -x n
f s = Du 1 2
I cr
where: Z
f sa
2( D d )2 Si
1
x2 is the neutral axis depth from top fiber 1
3
1000 Cw -0.05 x3 3
+n Ape d e -x3
2
I cre =
3
M Dse d e -x3 n
f se =
I cre
Z
f sae
2( D d )2 Se
1
3
e
2
The equivalent concrete area is nApe= 40191.970 mm
Ape =5741.71mm2/m, Se=140mm de=529mm, n=Es/Ec, MDue=594.156kN-m/m -40192 183051.148 142.859
Substitution yields:
x3= 142.859 mm, Icre=6.722E+09mm4, = 238.93 MPa, fsa =240 MPa
fs (= 238.93 MPa, ) < fsa ( =240 MPa) fsa ( =240 MPa
No problem of cracking
Provide 32 mm rebars spaced at 140 mm < No problem of cracking
< No problem of cracking
iii) Deformations 11 Thus, provide Φ32 c/c 135 mm.
Deflection and Camber, AASHTO Article 5.7.3.6.2
Deflection and camber calculations shall consider dead load, live load, erection loads, concrete creep and shrinkage.
Immediate (Instantaneous) deflections may be computed taking the moment of inertia as either the effective moment of
inertia Ie, or the gross moment of inertia Ig.
Unless a more exact deformation calculation is made, the long-term deflection due to creep and shrinkage may be taken as
the immediate deflection multiplied by the following factor (AASHTO, Article 5.7.3.6.2).
4, if the instantaneous deflection is based on Ig.
A'
3 .0 – 1 .2 s 1 .6 if the instantaneous deflection is based on Ie.
As
Dead load camber
Total dead load of the bridge and the whole bridge cross section is considered.
Cw = 0.8 m
D= 0.58 m
Rw = 7.32 m
Cd = 0.25 m
8.62 m
(Rw+2Cw-0.3)D2/2+2Cw*Cd(Cd/2+D)
yr =
(Rw+2Cw-0.3)*D+(Cw*2Cd)
Ie Ig 1 I cr I g
Ma M a
Where:
Mlld= total moment due to dead and live load of the whole slab bridge
Mmd= total dead load moment of the whole slab bridge <
Mcr= critical moment of the whole slab bridge The Secton cracks under DL,
2.14E+09
Use Ie.
Ig
M cr f r = 3.33*0.206E+12/321 = 2137.01kN-m
yr Ic 6.8641E+10 2137.01
Ie= 6.86E+10 mm4
Mcr < Mmd The Secton cracks under DL, Use Ie.
Thus, the dead load deflection of the slab bridge is given by:
5WdlL14 1.9526E-08 19.526
ddl= = 19.526 mm
384Ec* Ic 78.104
Camber =ddl+long term deflection, Long term deflection = 3ddl 14.375
Camber =ddl(1+3)= 78.104 mm Thus, provide a camber of 78.104 mm
b) Live Load Deflection (AASHTO, Article 2.5.2.6.2)
For vehicular load in general, dmax=L1/800 = 11500/800 =14.375mm
0.863 right
At x1=6.6125 m, Mtr =169.462 kN-m/m (Location of maximum truck load effect) 2.313 9.19
The maximum deflection of the bridge due to truck load occurs at a wheel load position where moment is a maximum.Thus,
the deflection at the point of maximum moment, x, due to each truck load at 'a' distance a from the left support is given by:
of the
The second load is to the right ,0.863mm, of the center 4.89 center
L2 b 2 x 2
d ki PLLi bx 1 for x a
6 Ec I c L1
where:
dtri= deflection due to each truck load. 0.59
a= location of the load to be considered, b=L1-a and x=L1-X1 10.91
(EI)conc=26752*0.07E+12= 1.84E+15 (Nmm2) #REF! 1.84E+06 1.84E+00
a) First Load, PLL1 17320.2658 103.0075
a=2.313m, b=9.187m, x=6.613m
dtr1= 0.00354m= 3.54mm
1.84E+15 26752
b) Second Load, PLL2
1.84E+06 7.00E-02
a=6.613m, b=4.887m, x=6.613m
dtr2= 0.00636m= 6.36mm
6.36E+00
c) Third Load, PLL3
a=10.913m, b=0.587m, x=6.613m
dtr3= 0.00025m= 0.25mm 2.50E-01
Using the method of superposition, the total live load deflection due truck load is the sum of each deflections, dki’s.
Thus, compare the value obtained with the permissible limit.
dtr=dtr1+dtr2+dtr3 = 3.54+ 6.36+0.25 = 10.15mm 20.69 mm 2.07E+01
0
170
202
229
253 24
23
22
21
20 0.125
0.15
0.1750 L1=x
0.1 1.4375
1.725
2.01250 L2
1.15 11.50
10.35
10.06
9.78
9.49
m1 -2.835
-2.5046875
-2.18875
-1.8871875 0 m21.2578125
1.46625
1.6603125 0 m3
1.035 0.1328125
0.11625
0.0853125 0 m1 pos 0
0.135 0 m30.1328125
pos
0.11625
0.0853125 0 Mtr
0.135 201.6406
229.4625
253.11560
169.65
273
291
313
332
350 19
18
17
16
15 0.2
0.225
0.25
0.275
0.3 2.3
2.5875
2.875
3.1625
3.45 9.20
8.91
8.63
8.34
8.05 -1.6
-1.3271875
-1.06875
-0.8246875
-0.595 1.84 -0.0196875
2.0053125
2.15625
2.2928125
2.415 0.04
-0.09375
-0.1821875
-0.285 0
0
0 0.04
0
0 272.6
290.7703
312.6563
332.4578
350.175
366
379
391
407
419 14
13
12
11
9 0.325
0.35
0.375
0.4
0.425 3.7375
4.025
4.3125
4.6
4.8875 7.76
7.48
7.19
6.90
6.61 -0.3796875
-0.17875
0.0078125
0.18
0.3378125 2.5228125
2.61625
2.6953125
2.76
2.8103125 -0.4021875
-0.53375
-0.6796875
-0.84
-1.0146875 0.0078130
0.18
0.337813 0
0 365.8078
379.3563
391.0938
406.5
419.3188
430
437
442
445 7
5
3
1
2 0.45
0.475
0.5
0.525
0.55 5.175
5.4625
5.75
6.0375
6.325 6.33
6.04
5.75
5.46
5.18 0.48125
0.6103125
0.725
0.8253125
0.91125 2.84625
2.8678125
2.875
2.8678125
2.84625 -1.20375
-1.4071875
-1.625
-1.8571875
-2.10375 0.48125
0.610313
0.725
0.825313
0.91125 0 429.55
0 437.1938
442.25
444.7188
444.6
442
437
429
418 4
6
8
10 0.575
0.6
0.625
0.65 6.6125
6.9
7.1875
7.475 4.89
4.60
4.31
4.03 0.9828125
1.04
1.0828125
1.11125 2.8103125
2.76 -2.3646875
2.6953125
2.61625 -2.64 0.982813
-2.9296875
-3.23375 1.04
1.082813
1.11125 0
0 441.8938
6.04 436.6
428.7188
418.25
444.72
383.57
85.16
Mmax occurs at x= 6.0375m and equals to 444.719 kNm 40.599 4.504
Mmf= 0.75*1.15(Mmax) = 383.57kNm/lane 40.5985987 6.15E+09
Mmf= the maximum moment for fatigue.
240 <
a) Tensile live load stresses
One lane loaded, Strip width is Em1 (for interior strip)
Mllf= Mmf/Em1 (Em1 is in meter)
= 383.57 /4.504 =85.16kNm/m
b) Reinforcing Bars
The stresses range in straight reinforcement bars resulting from fatigue load combination shall not exceed (AASHTO, Section 5.5.3.2).
If fsmax < ff , then there is no problem of fatigue. Otherwise increase the area of reinforcing bars.
where:
f f is the stress range.
f min is the minimum live load stress resulting from fatigue load, combined with the more severe stress from permanent loads. For
simplly supported slab bridge f min is zero.
f f =166-0.33f min =166MPa > 40.599MPa OK! No problem of fatigue. 166
>
OK!
THE DESIGN IS COMPLETED!