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Muralidharan.K, 2Raja Sankar.M, 3Arun Balasubramanian.K, 4Senthilkumar. D
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Associate Professor, 4Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
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Sona College of Technology,2Karpagam College of Engg, 3Sethu Institute of Technology,
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Muralidharan_dr@sonatech.ac.in
Abstract: In this research, the environmental impact of both direct and indirect injection type diesel engine is
a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine fuelled not suggested due to their high viscosities and low
with pongamia biodiesel derived from a non-edible oil volatilities [8]. Lower emissions are obtained for
feedstock for agriculture application was analysed. The Pongamia blend B20 with improved performance than
effect of fuel injection pressure on the DI diesel engine diesel without any engine modifications [12].
performance and emission characteristics has been The fuel injection timing delay resulted in
investigated. Biodiesel blends are prepared from B0% significant reduction of greenhouse gases involving
to B30% by volume with an increment of 5% by oxides of nitrogen and carbon dioxide especially for
volume at full load. The tests were conducted at lower blends of biodiesel over the entire range of
injection pressures from 190 to 230 bar in steps of 10 engine operation [13]. Injection pressure variation caused
bar by means of adjusting injector spring tension. Fuels better fuel atomization with improved engine emissions
tested exhibits better performance and emission at characteristics for diesel and biodiesel blends [14].
injection pressure of 220 bar. At 220 bar, B10 showed Experiments confirmed that higher injection pressure
higher BTE of 30.9% and slightly higher NOx of makes engine to attain a high value of brake thermal
2.82% with lower bsfc values. Significant reduction in efficiency due to its high heat release rate both for
CO and HC emission achieved was 14.29%, 11.11% at diesel and biodiesel blends [15]. The influence of yttria
full load. stabilized zirconia plasma spray coating of 300µm
thickness on engine combustion chamber components
Keywords: Pongamia biodiesel, Diesel, Injection resulted in lesser bsfc with significant reduction in
Pressure, Engine pollution. emissions of CO, HC, smoke emission for diesel and
biodiesel fuels [16].
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
In recent years, Biodiesel seems to be more attractive
fuel and acts as an alternate fuel to diesel because of its The experimental work was carried out in a 4-stroke
environmental benefits and the fact that it is made from direct injection diesel engine runs at a constant speed of
renewable energy resources [1, 2]. 1500 rpm, compression ratio of 17:1, injection timing
Authors analysed various blends of pongamia of 23° CA BTDC. The engine was coupled to an eddy
biodiesel with diesel and revealed B-20 blend as the current dynamometer and output shaft of eddy current
most appropriate fuel for diesel supplement in engines dynamometer was fixed to a strain gauge type load cell.
[3]
. Many studies revealed catalytic transesterification as Engine cooling water inlet and outlet temperature,
an effective way to improve fuel properties of Engine exhaust temperature are measured using K type
triglycerides with alcohols to form alkyl esters named thermocouples. The air flow rate to the engine is
as biodiesel which is similar to diesel fuel. The measured by using the mass air flow sensor and the fuel
performance parameters are found to be similar to consumption was measured by using two optical slot
diesel with a significant reduction in emission levels sensors placed at either levels of burette. A piezo
are observed at all loading conditions [4, 5] .The fatty electric pressure transducer was used to measure
acid content of methyl ester was identified by a combustion pressure. The Multi gas analyser was used
standard titrimetric method [6]. to measure emissions CO, HC, NOx and CO2.
Methyl ester prepared from vegetable oil through The methyl ester was blended with diesel in various
transesterification reaction shows a similar performance proportions from blend B0 to B30 in steps of 5% by
to diesel at all loading conditions and can be used as volume. The fuel properties are determined as per
alternate fuel to diesel without any modifications in ASTM standard. Diesel and biodiesel blends are tested
engine design [7] and the direct use of vegetable oils for at full load condition. The engine performance
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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
evaluation are analysed in various loadings under at an injection pressure of 190 bar and was found to be
different injection pressures. The standard injection 0.21 Kg/Kwh.
timing was set to 23° CA BTDC and injection pressure
was varied from 190, 200, 210, 220, 230 bar. All test
runs were conducted on the test-bench. In each run,
engine speed and load were recorded. For each
injection pressure, the combination of all tests included
engine setting at full load in rated speed. Each test was
repeated three times. The values given in this study are
the average of these three results.
Performance analysis:
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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) : It can be noticed from the Fig. 6 that CO2 emission rate
was higher for diesel and blends at an injection pressure
It is clear from Fig. 4 that by increasing the injection of 220 bar and lower values are obtained for the fuels at
pressure NOx emission shows an increasing trend up to 190 bar pressure. Compared to standard injection
220 bar. Increase of injection pressure tends to increase pressure of 210 bar, a significant reduction in CO2
NOx emission due to higher heat release rate in the emission was observed at lowest injection pressure of
premixed phase of combustion. 190 bar in percentage of 8.51%, and 8%, 9.62%,
5.77%, 9.43%, 1.96%, 3.85% for diesel and blends B5,
B15, B20, B25, B30 respectively.
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