International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 19 (2015)

© Research India Publications ::: http://www.ripublication.com

Development of Mix Design Procedure for Self Compacting

Concrete-State of art

Mrs. R. Manju1, Dr. .J. PREMALATHA2, RAMAKRISHNAN. D3

1
Assistant professor(SRG), Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru college of Technology, Coimbatore,
Tamilnadu, India.Ph.No.: 9944133455 Email: manjustructure@gmail.com
2
, Professor & Head, Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology,
Coimbatore - 641049. Mobile: 934538652, Mail ID: premravi_11@rediffmail.com
3
PG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru college of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
Ph.No:.9003678309 Email: dramakrishnan89@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: SCC is a concrete which is capable of flowing into the form work, without
segregation and bleeding, reduces manpower, better finishes, easier placement, better durability,
thinner concrete sections, lesser noise levels, no vibration, safer working environment, to fill
uniformly and completely every corner of it by its own weight without any application of
vibration or other energy during placing. SCC makes this concrete more desirable all over the
world which includes faster construction. Such concrete should have low yield value to ensure
high flow ability, a moderate viscosity to resist segregation and bleeding, and must maintain its
homogeneity during transportation, and placing to ensure adequate structural performance and
long term durability. In this paper, a review is presented aboutthe development of mix design
procedure for self-compacting concrete which contains different mineral admixtures. To develop
design procedure for self-compacting concrete with various admixtures many factors should be
considered like mix proportions, water binder ratio, type of cement, size of aggregate, properties
of admixtures etc. which have been discussed in this paper.The standard mix design procedure
for self-compacting concrete is not available like ordinary conventional vibrated concrete.
Hence in this paper, mix design tool for self-compacting concrete discussed in previous
literature papers are discussed.

Keywords: Self compacting concrete, mix design tool, mineral admixtures, and properties of
admixtures.

1. Introdution: due to shortage of skilled labors full

Self-Compacting Concrete was first
introduced in the late 1980‟s by Japanese
researchers, has been described as the most
revolutionary development in concrete
industry. The quality of concrete construction
is of utmost importance in order to have a
durable concrete structure and one of the
reasons to make a durable structure is proper
compaction which requires skilled labors but
compaction. The solution to this is the use of
self-compacting concrete which compacts in
every corner of formwork. It is the concrete
which is fully compacted without segregation
without external energy. SCC has economic,
social and environmental benefits over
conventionally vibrated concrete. SCC is
made from the same basic constituents as
conventional concrete but with the addition
of a viscosity modifying admixture and high

14186
 International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 19 (2015)
© Research India Publications ::: http://www.ripublication.com
levels of superplasticising admixtures to
impart high workability. The cement
(powder) content of SCC is relatively high.
The ratio of fine to coarse aggregates is more
in self-compacting concrete. Fine fillers such
as flyash, silica fume, lime powder and
marble powder may be used in addition to
cement to increase the paste content. In pre-
cast product plants as well, Self-Compacting
Concrete is highly effective in reducing the
noise as it requires no vibration. In general,
SCC results in reduced construction times
and reduced noise pollution. Super plasticizer
enhances deformability and with the
reduction of waste /powder segregation
resistance is increased. Lime powder filler
will also help to control the heat of hydration
in mixes that have a high PC content .The
basic ingredients of SCC are similar to those
of normal concrete. The traditional concrete
aggregates such as gravel or crushed stone
and sand are also used in SCC. Generally, the
aggregates occupy 55–60% of the SCC
volume and playa substantial role in
determining the workability, strength,
dimensional stability and durability of
concrete. The aggregates also have a
significant effect on the cost of SCC.
Therefore, less expensive aggregates are
desirable for use in SCC. Self-compacting
concrete (SSC) is a highly flowing concrete
that spreads through congested
reinforcement, fills every corner of the
formwork and gets consolidated under self-
weight. The objective of this study is to
develop SCC by understanding the fresh state
properties of SCC containing fly ash, silica
fume, marble powder and lime powder in
various proportions as partial replacement of
cement and small quantity of super
plasticizer. The fresh state properties like
slump flow, T50 time, J-ring, L-box, U-box,
Fill box and V- funnel have been assessed
using the methods as per EFNARC
specification. In 2002 EFNARC published
their “Specification & Guidelines for Self-
14187
Compacting concrete” which, at that time,
provided state of the art information for
producers and users. Since then, much
additional technical information on SCC has
been published but European design, product
and construction standards do not yet
specifically refer to SCC and for site
applications this has limited its wider
acceptance, especially by specifiers and
purchasers. In 1994 five European
organizations BIBM, CEMBUREAU,
ERMCO, EFCA and EFNARC, all dedicated
to the promotion of advanced materials
and systems for the supply and use of
concrete, created a “European Project
Group” to review current best practice
and produce a new document covering all
aspects of SCC.The properties of hardened
concrete have also have been evaluated. The
compressive strength, flexural strength and
split tensile strength at 7 days and 28 days
has also assessed for the mixes containing
different percentages of fly ash, silica fume,
marble powder and lime powder.
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
NAN SU (2001)
proposesanewmixdesignmethodforself-
compactingconcrete(SCC).First,theamountof
aggregates requiredis
determined,andthepasteofbindersisthenfilled
intothevoidsofaggregatestoensurethatthecon
cretethusobtainedhasflowability,self-
compactingability
andotherdesiredSCCproperties.Theamountof
aggregates,bindersandmixingwater,aswellast
ypeanddosageofsuperplasticizer(SP)tobeuse
darethemajorfactorsinfluencingthe
propertiesofSCC.Slumpflow,V-funnel,L-
flow,U-
boxandcompressivestrengthtestswerecarried
outtoexaminetheperformanceofSCC,andther
esultsindicatethattheproposedmethodcouldpr
oducesuccessfullySCCofhighquality.
ComparedtothemethoddevelopedbytheJapan
eseReady-
 International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 19 (2015)
© Research India Publications ::: http://www.ripublication.com
MixedConcreteAssociation(JRMCA),thisme
thodissimpler,easierforimplementationandles
stime-consuming, requires a smaller amount
of binders and saves cost. They conclude
that SCC designed and produced with the
proposed mix design method contains more
sand but less coarse aggre- gates, thus the
passing ability through gaps of
reinforcement can be enhanced. Inthis
designmethod,the volume ofsandtomortaris
intherangeof54–60%.
PARATIBHA
AGGARWAL(2008)developed a procedure
formixdesignofSCC.He presented
anexperimentalprocedureforthe
designofself-
compactingconcretemixes.Thetestresultsfora
cceptancecharacteristicsof self-
compactingconcretesuchasslump flow;J-
ring,V-funnelandL-Boxare
presented.Further,compressivestrengthatthea
gesof7, 28 and90dayswas also determined
and results are includedhere. He finally
concluded
atthewater/powderratioof1.180to1.215,slum
pflowtest,V-funnel test and L-box test
results were
foundtobesatisfactory,i.e.passingability,fillin
gabilityandsegregation resistance are well
within the limits and
byusingtheOPC43grade,
normalstrengthof25MPato33MPaat28-
dayswas obtained, keeping the cement
content around 350 kg/m3to 414 kg/m3.
J. GURU JAWAHAR (2012) developed a
tool for self-compacting concrete (SCC) mix
design. In his paper, this tool has been
evaluated with a SCC mix having 28% of
coarse aggregate content, 35% replacement
of cement with class F fly ash, 0.36
water/cementitious ratio (by weight) and 388
litre/m3 of paste volume. Crushed granite
stones of size 20mm and 10mm are used with
a blending 60:40 by percentage weight of
14188
total coarse aggregate. Detailed steps used in
this tool are discussed. This tool can also be
used for self-compacting mortar (SCM)
design. He practically had seen that this
simple tool is very much useful for the mix
design of SCC with or without blended
cement and with or without coarse aggregate
blending.
MOHAMMED ABDUL HAMEED
(2015)explores the feasibility of using SCC
made with local marginal aggregates of Eastern
Province of Saudi Arabia by examining its basic
properties and durability characteristics. This
research consists of: (i) development of a suitable
mix for SCC that would satisfy the requirements
of the plastic state; (ii) casting of concrete
samples and testing them for compressive
strength, drying shrinkage, water permeability,
and chloride permeability; and (iii) cyclic
exposure tests involving wet-dry and heat-cool
cycles to observe the degradation of the prepared
SCC samples. Local aggregates, cement,
admixtures and additives produced by the local
suppliers were used by in this work. The
significance of this work lies in its attempt to
provide some performance data of SCC made in
the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia so as to
draw attention to the possible use of SCC.
ANANT PATEL (2012) investigated about
the Compressive Strength and Modulus of
Elasticity of Self Compacting Concrete
which contain trial mixes for SCC with
effects of admixtures and various contents of
cement and Fly Ash. The study involves
„Relative Slump Cone Test‟ for fixing the
w/p ratio, analysis of hardened properties of
concrete with compressive strength testing
machine and the study of modulus of
elasticity. From the discussion and test
results, the conclusion drawn are that,
values are having comparable results
within satisfying range, the effects of w/p
ratio, cement content and fly ash plays a
 International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 19 (2015)
© Research India Publications ::: http://www.ripublication.com
key role in formation of SCC and its
strength. Thus, mix design procedure and
various tests conducted for SCC had
governed satisfied results.
REENAK (2014)investigated about a
simple mix design procedure proposed by
Nan Su was used by changing the Nan-
Su‟s coefficient for calculating the cement
content i.e. C=7f1c and water cement ratio
to achieve M20 grade SCC. In his work a
wide range of SCC mix were developed
using fly ash as a filler material along with
Portland cement of 43 grade.. To qualify
Self-Compacting Concrete mixes Slump
flow, V-funnel, L-Box, U-Box tests were
conducted and the fresh properties obtained
are checked against the specifications given
by EFNARC guidelines. Compressive
strength tests were conducted to know the
strength properties of the mixes at the age
of7 and 28 days of curing. It has been
observed that for Nan- Su‟s coefficient 11
i.e. C=11f1c the M20 grade SCCis
achieved by satisfying all the requirements
given by EFNARC guidelines.
H.NARENDRA (2008)considers a single
characteristic optimization problem and
optimizes the characteristic compressive
strength of concrete. Taguchi‟s technique
has been applied to obtain the optimal
levels of process parameters of SCC mix
design to obtain the compressive strength
of concrete. Orthogonal array approach of
Taguchi‟s method has been used to find the
parameters and then confirmed by further
test. The designed mix has been examined
with respect to the fresh properties on SCC
to know the characteristic behavior like
passing ability, flowing ability and
segregation resistance and the compressive
strength of concrete. The study points out
the application of Taguchi‟s method of mix
design for SCC mixes; resulting in an
optimal mix with less trialsand saving in
time.
14189
SOFIA UTSI (2008)deals with the field of
self-compactingconcrete (SCC). In this thesis,
a performance based mix-design method is
proposed. Performance based meansthat
concrete shall be composed regarding the
properties of available materials and due to
the properties of the element to be cast. In the
thesis, a method to choose an appropriate mi-
cro mortar is presented as well as how an
appropriate aggregate grading curve can be
combined based on material related
properties. To fully utilize the potential of the
sug- gested method, a connection parameter
between micro mortar and aggregates is intro-
duced. an investigation of the effect of fly ash
on the hardening properties.
3. CONCLUSION
The use of SCC is rising steadily over the
years because of their advantages and many
scientists and organizations carried out
research on properties of SCC. Self-
Compacting Concrete (SCC) not only
increases the reliability of structures but also
reduces the number of workers required at
the construction site and streamlines the
construction.The elimination of vibrating
equipment improves the environment
protection near construction sites where
concrete is being placed, also reducing the
exposure of workers to noise and vibration.
Several case studies on the development of
self-compacting concrete were studied. From
the papers, mix design tool for self-
compacting concrete and the various data
required for developing mix design tool has
been discussed. And also various properties
of materials and mix proportions makes SCC
to behave differently in its fresh and
hardened state when it is used were also
studied and it is proved that there are
currently no standardized tests or limits for
the specification of SCC. Considerable scope
exists for the optimization of SCC mixes
 International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 19 (2015)
© Research India Publications ::: http://www.ripublication.com

with efficiency and economy for the 5) Iliana Rodriguez viacava, Antonio aguado
benefit of construction industry in the future. de cea,Gemma Rodriguez de sensale “
Self compacting concrete of medium
characteristic strength”, Construction and
REFERENCES building materials,30,2012, pp 776-782.
6) Sayeedashar, S.Suresh, N. Nanjundappa,
1) Hajime okamura and Masahiro Dr. J. K. Dattatreya, “ Design Of SCC
ouchi,“Self CompactingConcrete”, Mixes Based On Ordinary Portland
Journal of Advanced Concrete Cement – SP Compatibility Studies.”,
Technology, volume 1,2003, pp 5-15. Construction and building
2) Andreas Leemann and Frank Winnefeld, materials,30,2012, pp 756-762.
“The effect of viscosity modifying agents 7) M.K. Rahman, M.H. Baluch, M.A. Malik,
on mortar and concrete”, Cement & “Thixotropic behavior of self-compacting
Concrete Composites, 29, 2007, pp 341– concrete with different mineral
349. admixtures”, Construction and building
3) Nan Su, Kung-Chung Hsu and His- materials,50,2014, pp 710-717.
Wen Chai, “A simple mix design 8) M. Chockalingam,“Experimental
method for self-compacting concrete”, Investigation on self-Compacting
Cement and Concrete Research, 31 Concrete using Marble Powder and Silica
,2001, pp 1799–1807. Fume”, ISSN Journal, vol no.1, 2,2014
4) Gritsadasua-iam, Nattmukal, “Use of 9) HebaA.Mohamed, “Effect of fly ash and
unprocessed rice husk ash and pulverized silica fume on compressive strength of
fuel ash in the production of self- self-compacting concrete under different
compacting concrete”, IERI Procedia curing conditions” Ain shams
5,2013, pp 298-303. Engineering Journal,2011,pp 79-86.

14190