Unit 12

Just the job

Contents:
Language structures & functions p. 426
Vocabulary p. 428
Just the job p. 430
Consolidation p. 441
Word building p. 447
Writing reference p. 448
Pairwork activities p. 454
Transcripts p. 455
Exam answer sheets p. 458

425
 Unit
Bimester 21
Bimester
Unit
1 Language structures
12
Review of tenses

Simple present Simple past Simple future

You check your I studied for my exam We will begin a new

e-mails everyday. all night long. career in this company.

Present continuous Past continuous Future continuous

He is interviewing a We will be raising

They were taking a test
new candidate at this money for a wildlife
when you called.
moment. charity. (p. 453)

Present perfect Past perfect Future perfect

I have worked in this She had studied English I will surely have gotten
place for 15 years. before she applied for a promotion in less
her current job. than a year.

Present perfect Past perfect Future perfect

continuous continuous continuous

I will have been working

They’d obviously been
They have been in my presentation for
having trouble with this
thinking to quit. almost two hours by
problem. (p. 433)
the time you arrive.

Review of verb patterns

We use an infinitive with to… We use an infinitive without to…

— after some verbs. — after modal verbs.
• I want to do well. • You must come with us!
— after adjectives. — after the verbs make and let.
• The film is likely to be popular. • He let me borrow his bike.
— to express purpose. — after some expressions.
• I went home to rest. • We had better wait here.

We use a gerund…
TIP
— after some verbs. Although it’s grammatically correct
• Do you enjoy travelling? to use both gerunds and infinitives
as subjects and complements, in
— as the subject of a sentence.
spoken English gerunds sound
• Playing tennis is fun! more normal:
— after prepositions. ➜ Studying is very important.
• He was arrested for stealing some money.

426 Language structures & functions

& functions
Affixes: review
We use affixes to form new words from word stems.
• agree ➜ agreement, agreeable, disagree

Sometimes there are other spelling changes.

• happy ➜ happiness, unhappy, happily

Type of affix Examples

performance, introduction
noun suffix
agreement, happiness
adjective suffix enjoyable, careful, painless, sporty
verb suffix advertise
adverb suffix carefully, quickly
unhappy, inaccurate, impossible,
negative prefix
disagree

An affix that occurs in the front of a root or stem is called a prefix:

• autopilot, contradiction, disappear
Be aware
An affix that occurs at the end of a root or stem is called a sufix:
• golden, fearless, joyous

Phrasal verbs (6): work

Phrasal verbs are formed when a verb is attached to
particular prepositions or adverbs.
We use these phrasal verbs to talk about work:

INSEPARABLE:
• come across something (find it by chance)
• come up against something (face something
difficult)
• cope with something (deal with it)
• jump at something (accept it eagerly)
• look after something (take care of it)
• see through something (see that it is untrue)
SEPARABLE:
• catch someone out (show they are lying)
• get something across (communicate it)
• sort something out (solve it)
• take something in (learn or understand it)

Language structures & functions 427

 Vocabulary
Work
get stressed
accept an offer of work / a position
give / hand in one’s notice
apply for a job
good promotion prospects
ask for a bigger salary
have a good / bad relationship with an
be good experience
employer
be in charge of
huge drop in income
be made redundant
improve s.b.’s career prospects
be offered work
inefficient worker
be promoted
lack ambition
be responsible for
lose a job
be sacked
make a career
begin a new career
nine-to-five position
build up client contacts
quit a job
choose a profession / career
research opportunities
competitive salary
routine nature of the job
deal with difficult people
set off early for an interview
earn less / more money
start a company
excellent communication skills
temporary job
feel appreciated at work
top up s.b.’s income
fire s.b.
unconventional career
focused on making money
well-qualified for the job
get a business up and running
work long hours
get a promotion
work overtime
get on with the boss
work part-time
get satisfaction from

428 Vocabulary
Crime Learning
accused of murder / kidnap be a genius
act suspiciously be distracted by other people
armed robbery brush up one’s English
arrest a suspect concentrate on work / your studies
arrest s.b. on terrorism charges / do well at everything
suspicion of terrorism get distracted
be a witness at a trial get top marks
be acquitted / prosecuted improve concentration and memory
be fined for s.t. keep calm under pressure
be found guilty of s.t. learn s.t. by heart
be in serious trouble leave university with good qualifications
be released from prison look up new words in a dictionary
break the law naturally bright
capital / corporal punishment retake an exam
cheating villain revise for exams
charge s.b. with committing a crime skip classes
commit an offence / a crime start revising
cover the same ground over and over stay alert
establish the identity of s.b. study hard
everyone deserves a fair trial study on your own
find s.b. guilty take an exam
give s.b. a prison sentence
high-speed car chase
international fraud
large-scale crime
make s.t. illegal
pay a fine
prohibit s.b. from doing s.t.
search for evidence
solve a case
spot a clue
suspected terrorism
young offender

Vocabulary 429
 Unit
Just the job
12 A

A
B C D

Work
1
U12 3 Answer the questions. Say which words gave
Track 1 Choosing
a career is difficult! In pairs, speculate about
what jobs these people a) have now, b) had in the past. Listen you the answer. Which job (E, F or G):
and check. Were you surprised? 1 is not permanent?
2 requires you to work a full day?
Useful language 3 may require you to work extra hours?
I’m not sure, but perhaps he / she ... 4 may help you to reach a higher position?
He / She looks like a ... to me. 5 may pay you extra money for good service?
I’m just guessing, but I think he / she might be ...
U12
He / She looks as though + clause 4 Track 2 Listen
and match the people to the
jobs in the advert. Compare your answers with
2 Look at these advertisements. What job is being advertised a partner, explaining your decisions. Which job
in E–G? would you prefer to do? Why?

Consolidation ▶ Work ▶ p. 441

E Over to you!
5 Tell your partner what your dream job
a) is now, b) was when you were at primary
school. How have your ambitions changed?

G
F

430 Speaking
Reading: Part 3 – Multiple matching

1 Some types of jobs are more frequently represented

in the media than others! Look at these stills from TV
shows and discuss the questions in pairs.
1 What kinds of jobs are shown?
2 Why might audiences be interested in watching people
doing these jobs?
3 Do you think that television represents these jobs
accurately? Why? / Why not?

2 Quickly read the article on page 432. What do the five

A B
people have in common? Whose job would you like to
have the most / least? Why?

Exam practice

3 The sentences in the Exam tip are incomplete. Work in

pairs and complete the sentences with your own ideas.
Can you think of any more tips for Part 3?

Target Reading Part 3:

the exam
0 First, read the text or texts quickly for gist.
1 Then read the prompt sentences and
2 Next, search the text or texts
3 Think about
4 Make sure
5 If you have time, C D

4 You are going to read an article about five people who

work in the field of crime. For questions 1–15, choose
Vocabulary in context: crime
from the people (A–E). The people may be chosen more 5 Underline all the words related to crime in the article.
than once.
Then find words that mean:
Which person mentions 1 people who might have committed a crime (A)
being dishonest to others? 1 ▢ 2 person who saw an event (B)
the negative media image of their profession? 2 ▢ 3 the state of being responsible for committing a crime (B)
that some aspects of their job resemble how 4 the field of observation and spying (C)
it is shown on TV? 3 ▢ 5 the act of making someone suffer because they’ve done
something bad (D)
that there is some truth in criticisms of
their profession? 4 ▢ 6 commit a crime again (D)
7 name and personal details (E)
the importance of having interests outside work? 5 ▢
8 person hurt by a crime (E)
wanting to have an unconventional career? 6 ▢
not always enjoying their work? 7 ▢ 8 ▢ 6 In pairs, explain the difference between steal (D) and
rob (E).
how their work has benefitted someone? 9 ▢
not being keen to talk about their work? 10 ▢ Consolidation ▶ Crime ▶ p. 441

attempting to persuade others to view their

profession differently? 11 ▢ Over to you!
wishing their work could resemble its media 7 Discuss these questions with your partner.
image more closely? 12 ▢
1 What crimes were mentioned in the text? Which do you
not minding the repetitive element in their work? 13 ▢ think is the most / least serious? Why?
not being focused on making money? 14 ▢ 2 Do you think prison is always the most suitable form of
a moral issue in relation to their work? 15 ▢ punishment for criminals? Why? / Why not?
Consolidation ▶ Skills ▶ p. 444
Reading 431

Five criminal justice professionals tell us what it’s really like ...
A Max Greenway (Police detective)
Officers promoted to this position usually come
well-prepared for the stress, but underestimate the
tedium! Yes, it can be exciting when you’re arresting
suspects or engaged in high-speed car chases, but
there’s also a lot of paperwork. It’s a struggle to stay
motivated sometimes, especially when you’re doing
unpaid overtime. You’ve got to be in this job because
you’re committed, not for the glamour or the salary. I
love my work, but I do make a point of taking a couple
of weekends off now and again to watch the football or
go fishing. You can’t live and breathe this job 365 days
a year – it isn’t healthy.
B Arlene O’Hanlon (Lawyer)
Some people are convinced that lawyers are all
dishonest and money-hungry, and nothing will change
their minds. I know, I’ve tried! I’m not claiming that
the profession’s reputation is entirely undeserved, but
we’re not all cheating villains! Fortunately, shows like
Ally McBeal and The Practice have portrayed law’s
more human side, even if neither are terribly realistic.
What’s true is that real-life courtrooms can be just as
dramatic, with a witness breaking down in tears, or a
defendant shouting at the judge. I find it hard to switch
off when I’m working on a case, and I tend to be short
of time for hobbies. I’m often asked how I can justify
working for a client accused of murder or kidnap. To
me, it’s simple – regardless of their guilt or innocence,
everyone deserves a fair trial.
C Anonymous (Spy)
Of course I have to keep a lot of secrets, even
from friends or family, which can be hard sometimes.
Frustratingly, I rarely get the chance to show off
about my work, as I generally have to tell people I’m
a bank manager! In the James Bond films, spies lead
tremendously exciting lives. Much as I’d love that to
be true, in reality the last thing a spy wants to do is
stand out. Unlike Bond, I don’t carry weapons and I
don’t work head-to-toe in designer gear – I couldn’t
432 Reading
Just like TV?
afford it even if I wanted to! I mainly investigate large-
scale crimes, like international fraud or suspected
terrorism, which can be very complex. Computer
skills are a must for anyone in surveillance, as
nowadays you spend a lot of time searching for
evidence online. It’s lucky that I’m quite a patient
person as sometimes you have to cover the same
ground over and over until you spot a clue. But it’s a
wonderful feeling when finally everything clicks into
place.
D Malcolm Burns (Prison officer)
If there’s been a drama that shows prison
officers in a flattering light, I haven’t seen it. In
Prison Break, some of the guards are worse than
the criminals! In reality, most officers are genuinely
motivated by feeling they can make a difference, and
prison is about more than punishment. My colleagues
and I work hard to help prisoners develop skills so
they don’t reoffend. One former thief I worked with
is now a very successful chef – earning good money
instead of stealing it! It’s stories like that that keep
me going because, I’ll admit, trying to keep order
in a prison full of unhappy, locked-up inmates can
sometimes feel less than rewarding.
E Aisha Khan (Forensic scientist)
Since CSI and Bones, applications to study
forensics have rocketed, and now, annoyingly,
I’m always being pestered by eager students with
endless questions. Only a few years ago, the subject
was deemed to be a bit unusual and ‘out there’,
which I suppose was part of its original appeal for
me, although I’ve learnt to value other aspects now.
I spend much more time in the laboratory than the
media would have everyone believe, but I wouldn’t
have it any other way. I find analysing details very
rewarding, like piecing together a jigsaw puzzle.
Whether I’m trying to work out who robbed a bank,
or establishing the identity of a murder victim, no two
days are ever the same.
Language structures & functions: review of tenses and verb patterns
1 Read the article. Discuss the laws with a partner. Which law sounds like the most useful / the strangest? Why?
Strange laws
1 By the end of tomorrow, most men in the UK will have
committed a crime. Practising with a bow and arrow
for two hours a day is still a legal requirement for all adult
males – although those who break this law are unlikely
to end up being arrested!
2 It was once illegal for Mexicans to take their feet off the
pedals while they were cycling.
3 In Toronto, Canada, bus drivers can refuse to let you
get on board if you’ve been eating garlic. They’d
obviously been having trouble with this problem before
the law was passed!
2 Look at the verb forms in blue. What tense is used in
each? Why?
3 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs.
Do you agree with this law? Why? / Why not?
Some countries’ laws may seem strange at first, but they
(0 invent) were invented for good reasons.
The Singapore government (1 make) the sale of chewing
gum illegal in 1992. Until then, the work of cleaning gum
from streets and buildings (2 cost) the government over
a million dollars a year. Since the ban (3 introduce), the
problem of litter in Singapore (4 decrease).
Chewing gum is a big problem because it (5 be not)
biodegradable. And the problem (6 grow). By the end of next
year, it (7 estimate) that over twenty billion packs of gum
(8 sell) worldwide. That’s potentially a lot of litter! Perhaps it
(9 not be) long before other countries introduce a chewing
gum ban?
4 Look at the verb forms in red in Activity 1. Work in
pairs and try to write rules for when we use these
verb patterns.
Verb pattern Use Examples
1 gerund (-ing) after a
preposition from playing
2 infinitive without
to
3 infinitive with to
4 A law in Atwoodville, USA, prohibits people from playing
Scrabble while they’re waiting for a politician to speak.
They’d better not play chess, either, as that’s also forbidden!
5 No one will be chewing gum in Singapore until the
government decides to overturn this law: to reduce
litter, the government has banned the sale of gum!
6 An old law made it an offence for Samoan men to forget
their wife’s birthday!
5 Write the correct form of the verbs to complete the
article. Which criminal do you think was the stupidest?
Do you know any more stories like these?
Could these (0 be) be the world’s stupidest criminals?
• Robbers ordered the owner of a pizza restaurant (1 hand)
over his cash and a large pizza. They then let the manager
(2 go). He called the police, who arrived in time
(3 arrest) the gang. They had returned (4 complain)
the pizza was burnt!
• Two inmates attempted (5 get) out of a police cell by
(6 crawl) through ceiling pipes. Sadly, they didn’t succeed
in (7 escape) – after (8 fall) through the ceiling, they
landed in the office of the police chief!
• A house burglar decided he would rather not (9 leave)
the scene of the crime immediately. He decided (10 turn)
on the TV. (11 Watch) TV obviously made him (12 feel)
relaxed, because the owners returned (13 find) him asleep!
Language structures & functions ▶ pp. 426-427
Over to you!
6 Discuss the picture and questions in pairs. Compare
your answers with another pair. What punishment is
best for the man?
What do you think:
1 is happening in the picture?
2 happened before this scene?
3 will happen afterwards?
Consolidation ▶ Language structures & functions ▶ p. 443
Language structures & functions
Writing reference 433
Use of English: Part 4 – Key word transformations
Get ready for the exam

1 Look at the cartoons about crime and work below. Which do you find funniest? Why?

B D
A

C
2 Make sure you revise a range of structures and language.
Rewrite the cartoon jokes below, using the clues to help you.
1 Mr Marsh asked Mrs Frimley ... sugar. (reported question) 3 We really must stop allowing ... the news. (verb pattern)
2 Crime doesn’t pay if ... at it. (conditional) 4 If ... this job. (regret)
Consolidation ▶ Revision ▶ p. 446

Exam practice Use of English Part 4:

the exam
3 The Exam tip is incomplete. In pairs, add three more ➤ This part tests grammar and vocabulary.
useful tips for Part 4. ➤ Each question is worth two marks, so if
you’re not sure – guess!
4 Complete the exam task.

For questions 1–8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the
word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS.
0 On arriving at work, go straight to the manager’s office. SOON
SOON AS YOU ARRIVE at work.
Go straight to the manager’s office as .......................................................

1 They say he got the job because the company director is a friend of the family. SAID
He .................................................... the job because the company director is a friend of the family.
2 He continued to work even though he wasn’t getting paid. CARRIED
He .................................................... even though he wasn’t getting paid.
3 I regret not setting off earlier for the interview. WISH
I .................................................... off earlier for the interview.
4 Salim was the best candidate we interviewed. BETTER
Salim was .................................................... candidates we interviewed.
5 According to my brother, his employer was a very unpleasant woman. BEING
According to my brother, he was .................................................... a very unpleasant woman.
6 Asking for a bigger salary was a mistake. SHOULD
I .................................................... for a bigger salary.
7 I don’t know why Lucy applied for the job. MADE
I don’t know .................................................... for the job.
8 She tried really hard to please her boss but she still didn’t get the promotion. EFFORT
Despite really .................................................... to please her boss, she still didn’t get the promotion.

434 Use of English

Listening: Part 4 – Multiple choice

Get ready: learning Exam practice

1 In pairs, choose the correct alternatives to complete 4 Put sentences A–D in the Exam tip in the most logical
these revision tips, then discuss your opinions of them. order.

Listening Part 4: the exam

A If you can’t answer a question on the first listening, don’t
panic! Keep listening and try to answer the next one.
B Read the questions and options before you listen and
underline any key words.
C Listen again and check your answers. This time, always
choose an option, even if you aren’t sure.

Study
D Listen for synonyms and paraphrases.

tips
U12
5 Track 4 You
will hear a radio interview with a teacher,
Mark Vickery, who spent a month training to be a music
DJ, and his mentor, DJ Alice Electric. For questions 1–7,
choose the best answer (A, B or C).
1 Whose idea was it initially for Mark to take part in
LifeSwap?
the good, the bad, and the strange! A his own
B a colleague’s

1 Listening to rock music will help you to C some students’

concentrate for / on your studies – and it 2 Alice was most worried about Mark’s
will make revising about / for your exams A personality.
B knowledge of music.
less boring too!
C appearance.

2
3 When he was performing as a DJ, Mark struggled
Find it difficult to remember / remind things?
because he
In the weeks before you take / make your
A couldn’t remember everything.
exams, try eating more fish! B lacked musical talent.
C was too tense.

3 Look down / up new words in a dictionary

and write down / up the word, a definition
and an example sentence in your notebook.
4 Mark criticises dance music for being
A rather repetitive.
B unnecessarily loud.
C very unimaginative.

4 Always study on your own / self, so you

aren’t distracted by / for other people.
5 Wear orange – it will help you to stay / hold
alert and keep calm / quiet under pressure!
5 What was Mark most nervous about in Ibiza?
A seeing his students
B looking silly
C disappointing people
6 What do Mark’s students like about his classes?
A The lessons are not too difficult.
B The students can discuss ideas.

6 Learn answers to questions by heart / mind

and try to repeat / retell these in the exam.
C The subject is fascinating.
7 What has Mark changed as a result of taking part in
LifeSwap?
A his fashion sense
U12
B his taste in music
2 Track 3 Listen
to an exams expert giving her opinion of C his teaching style
the tips above. Does she agree with your ideas?
Over to you!
3 Work in groups. Agree on your five top tips for new
exams students. Has everyone in your group followed 6 Imagine you could try out someone else’s job for
these tips? a week. What would you choose? Why?

Consolidation ▶ Learning ▶ p. 441 Consolidation ▶ Skills ▶ p. 445

Listening 435
Speaking: Parts 3 and 4 - Collaborative task and discussion

1 A local school is organising a careers day for

students. In pairs, discuss how interesting the people above might be as speakers.
Choose two people to invite to speak at the school.
U12
2 Track 5 Listen to two students doing part of a Part 3 task and part of a
Part 4 task.
1 Which two speakers do the students choose to invite to the careers day?
2 What Part 4 question do they answer?
3 How well do the speakers do the task? Do they a) answer the question?
b) respond to each other? c) use a range of language?
U12
3 Track 5 Work
in groups. Listen again and tick (√) the expressions you hear.
Check your answers with the rest of the group.

Opinions Agreeing and disagreeing

(Personally,) I (don’t) think that ... I totally / completely agree / disagree.
It seems to me that ... / I’ve got a feeling that ... That’s a good point(, but ...)
As far as I can tell, ... Absolutely (not). / Really?
In my opinion / view, ... / To me, ... That makes sense. / I see what you mean.
I’ve always thought that .... I suppose so (, but ...)
I’m not sure. Me too. / Me neither.
I hadn’t thought of that. I agree up to a point, but ...

Moving a discussion on Giving yourself time to think

Why don’t / Shall we start with / by ... I haven’t thought much about this before ...
Shall we / Let’s look at ... That’s an interesting question ...
What next? I mean, ... / You see, ...
So, have we decided which ... Let me see / think ...
Have we reached a conclusion? Right, / Well, ....

Exam practice
Speaking Parts 3 and 4: the exam
4 Look at the sentences in the Exam tip. 1 Discuss every photo or picture and answer both questions!
Do they refer to Part 3 (3), Part 4 (4) 2 Respond to your partner’s ideas and ask for their opinions.
or both (B)? 3 Negotiate with your partner to reach a final decision.
4 Discuss your opinions with your partner and explain your ideas.
5 Work in pairs and do the exam task on 5 Remember, there is no ‘right’ answer – you will get marks for
page 454. the way you manage the discussion, not for your opinions.

436 Speaking
Word building: work
Affixes: review
1 Read the article. Match the jobs to the pictures. Which job do you
think is the worst? Why?
The worst jobs in history?
1 Ploughman (12th C). Person with great physical
strength and endurance required to work in the fields
in all weathers. It’s unlikely you’ll get properly paid but
inadequate or careless work may result in starvation.
2 Food taster (16 C). We’re delighted to advertise a
th
wonderful role for food lovers. The sole requirement is to
taste the King’s food. Some of this may be poisonous, so
if you dislike taking risks, this job obviously isn’t for you!
Optimists preferred.
3 Spit turner (16th C). Here’s a great job opportunity for
teenagers (non-vegetarians only). You will cook meat on
a scorching fire all day long. Irresponsible cooks who
blacken the meat will not be paid.
4 Hermit (18th C). Are you antisocial? Do you get impatient
with other people or find them annoying? As a hermit,
you’ll spend your existence in isolation, living by yourself
in a cave. Not suitable for those who hate being alone!
A B C D
2 Work in pairs. Match the affixes in bold in the article to the
categories below. Try to add one more example word for each
category.
1 negative prefix un-, 4 adjective suffix
2 noun suffix – a thing 5 verb suffix
3 noun suffix – a person 6 adverb suffix
3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the stem words.
Are these statements true for you? Why / Why not?
1 I would find it (POSSIBLE) to do any of the (HISTORY) jobs in
the article, even for a week!
2 Having an (ENJOY) job is more important to me than being
(WEALTH).
3 I think that people’s choice of (PROFESS) tells you a lot about
their (PERSONAL).
4 I work much more (EFFECTIVE) when I’m working
(DEPENDENT), by myself, than as part of a team.
Phrasal verbs (6): work
4 Read these advertisements for unusual jobs.
Which would you like to try the most? Why?
E
Would you jump at the chance to play
computer games for money? As a games
tester you’ll test new games and let
us know if you come up against any
problems. We’ll then sort out any issues
before the games reach the shops.
F
Do you have a talent for seeing through
people’s deceptions and catching them out
when they tell a lie? A private detective firm
requires a new investigator to join our team.
G
For a career that’s out of this world, why
not become an astronaut? The successful
candidate will be good at taking lots of
information in and coping with pressure. A
head for heights is also essential!
H
Wanted: a nature lover to look after a tropical
island! You’ll explore the island and record all
the wildlife you come across. You’ll report your
experiences to a video diary, so you need to be
good at getting your ideas across!
5 Match six of the phrasal verbs in bold in
Activity 4 to the definitions below.
1 encounter (a difficulty)
2 make something understood
3 solve
4 learn and understand
5 work out the truth behind (something)
6 accept eagerly
Over to you!
6 Write a short description (50–100 words)
of the worst job you can think of. Include at
least four words with different affixes and
two phrasal verbs.
7 Read other students’ descriptions and try
to match each job to a person. Has anyone
described a job you would really like or really
hate to try?
Consolidation ▶ Word building ▶ p. 447
Word building 437
Use of English: Part 3 – Word formation

Get ready for the exam

1 The Exam tip is incomplete. What things should you Use of English Part 3:
think about? the exam
Part 3 tests your understanding of the way words are
2 In pairs, complete sentences 1–6 with the correct form
formed. Read the text first for gist. Then look at each
of the stem words.
gapped sentence carefully and think about:
A good boss should be: 1
1 , and care about his or her staff’s problems.
(SYMPATHY) 2
2 full of when things go right!
(APPRECIATE) 3
3 slow to when things go wrong!
(CRITICAL) 4
A bad boss is:
4 , and never thinks about other people. Check your answers in context, and write an answer
(CONSIDER) for every gap.
5 cruel and to his team.
(PLEASE)
6 slow to pay any of his !
(EMPLOY)

3 Write two more sentences to describe a good or a bad

boss. Include gaps and stem words and ask another pair
to complete them. Consolidation ▶ Revision ▶ p. 442

Exam practice
4 Complete the exam task.

For questions 1–10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word
that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS.

Stress!
STRESSED ? Maybe
When was the last time you felt really (0) ........................ STRESS
you made a mistake at work and your boss was (1) ........................ . FURY
Or perhaps you were late with your homework, and you knew your
teacher would be (2) ........................ . SYMPATHY
You will (3) ........................ remember that moment as a deeply PROBABLE
unpleasant time. Symptoms of stress vary but may include an
increased heart rate or feeling excessively (4) ........................ or tired. ANXIETY
So it might be surprising to learn that some stress may actually be good for us!
It seems that a short attack of stress such as that experienced before an exam or a job interview
can actually improve (5) ........................ and memory. It has also been suggested that it can even CONCENTRATE
be beneficial to our health – by temporarily (6) ........................ blood vessels and boosting heart WIDE
and lung power, it effectively acts like a mini ‘work out’!
But the (7) ........................ of time we experience stress is important. Long-term stress is not good LONG
for us, and without treatment can have very (8) ........................ consequences. If stress is making HARM
you depressed or ill, then try to change the (9) ........................ or seek help. Don’t go on suffering SITUATE
in (10) ........................ ! SILENT

438 Use of English

Writing: Part 2 – A formal letter
Prepare

1 In pairs, discuss how learning languages can be useful, thinking about the topics below.
Do you think learning languages will be important to you in the future? Why? / Why not?

travel hobbies friends and family work

Analyse the task

2 Read the task below and look at the photo. Would you like to do this type of job?
Why? / Why not? Do you ever visit places like these?

You see this advertisement on an English language website.

GLOBAL CHAT
We are looking for people to work in our internet
café for two months in the summer.
• Are you interested in computers?
• Do you have any useful experience?
• Is your level of English good?
Apply to the manager, Miss Wade, saying why you think
you are suitable for the job.

Write your letter of application in 120–180 words and in an

appropriate style. Do not write any postal addresses.

3 In this task, will you need to write a formal or

an informal letter? Which information helped
Dear Miss Wad
you to decide? e,
A
I (1)
in response to y
4 Read Julia’s letter, ignoring the missing words. for people to wor our advertisemen
What is the main topic of paragraphs A, B, C and D? k in internet ca t
(2) fés. I would like
for a position w to
B
I am very intere ith Global Cha
5 Julia’s letter is a first draft. She has crossed out
sted (3) t.
several mistakes! In pairs, choose suitable words I hope (4) computers, and
or expressions to complete her letter.
university in th information tech
e future. I have nology at
of the internet a a g ood understand
s I regularly use ing
C Last summer I it for research.
worked part -tim
restaurant (5) e in my uncle’s
learnt how to se th re e months, where
rve customers, d I
prepare simple eal with money
meals. I believe and
skills could be u (6)
seful in a new ro th ese
D
I (7) le with Global C
English for five h at.
(8) y ea rs , and I
a First Certifica
next month. I w te exam in Eng
ould welcome th lish
speak English a e opportunity to
s part of my wor
(9) k , as I would
to develop my sk
Please (10) ills further.
have any questi hesitate to conta
ons. I look (11) ct me if you
from you. to hearing
Yours (12)
,
Julia Nowak
Writing 439
Preparing for Part 2

6 Complete the Exam tip with five of these numbers: 7 In groups, copy and complete the table for each of the
task types in bold in the Exam tip.
one two three four five six 120 150
formal letter
register (formal / informal) • formal
Writing Part 2: the exam
layout • formal letter style
➤ In Part 2 you will have a choice of writing tasks. You
need to answer (1) question in (2) -180 • a new paragraph for each
words. new piece of information
➤ Tasks may include: a formal letter, an informal letter, useful expressions • Dear Sir / Madam,
an essay, an article, a story, a report, a review.
In Question (3) there will always be a choice of
• I am writing to ...
(4) tasks on the set texts. useful grammar / language • indirect questions
➤ Make sure you know who the target reader is for the • polite expressions
task you choose.
Writing reference ▶ pp. 448-453 Discuss these questions in your groups.
8
1 Which task types do you usually find the a) easiest,
b) most difficult? Why?
2 Do you think you are likely or unlikely to write about
one of the set texts? Why?
3 How are you going to prepare for this paper before
the exam?

9 Look at the exam tasks below and choose one question

to answer. When you have finished, check your work
and make any necessary corrections.

Exam practice

Write an answer to one of the questions in this part. Write your answer in 120–180 words and in an appropriate style.

1 You see this advertisement in an English language magazine.

THE ONE WORLD MUSIC SHOP IS LOOKING FOR SUMMER STAFF
• Do you enjoy different kinds of music?
• Do you speak English?
• Do you have any useful experience or skills?
Apply to the manager, Mr Burton, saying why you think you are suitable for a job in our international music shop.

Write your letter of application. Do not write any postal addresses.

2 You have decided to enter a short story competition advertised on a website. The story must begin with the
following words:
Tim’s first day at work did not start well.
Write your story.

3 You have had a class discussion on work. Your teacher has now asked you to write an essay, giving your
opinion on the following statement:
Some jobs are more important than others.
Write your essay.

440 Writing
 Just the job
12 Consolidation
Work
1 Complete the text with these words
and phrases.
applied for assistant be offered
career prospects colleagues deal with
experience hours in charge income
job my notice paperwork part-time
qualifications poorly paid responsible
sacked unemployment work
My name is Jolanda. I’m Hungarian but I’m
currently living in London. I left university two
years ago with good (0) qualifications but came
here to brush up my English in the hope that it will
improve my (1) __________. When I first arrived I
was offered (2) __________ as a nanny. The family
were lovely but it was rather (3) __________
and I was working very long (4) __________. So
I gave in (5) __________ and decided to look
for something else. It was hard to find anything
at first because there is a lot of (6) __________,
but a friend of mine who worked at a language
school told me that one of her (7) __________
had been (8) __________ (for poor attendance)
and there was a (9) __________ going at the
school. I immediately (10) __________ it and was
lucky enough to (11) __________ it. So I’m now
working as an administrative (12) __________
and I’m (13) __________ for student bookings.
I’m also (14) __________ of organising meetings
for the school principal. The job involves a lot
of (15) __________ and I occasionally have to
(16) __________ difficult people, but it’s
all good (17) __________. I also top up my
(18) __________ by working (19) __________ in
a bar two nights a week, which I love because I get
to meet lots of young people.
Crime
2 Choose the correct alternatives.
1 A mugging / burglary is a crime in which a person breaks
into someone’s house and steals from them.
2 A fine / sentence is money that convicted criminals are
ordered to pay.
3 A witness / jury is a person who sees a crime or accident.
4 A kidnapping / armed robbery is a crime where a person
is taken away and kept as a prisoner and money is often
demanded for their return.
5 A young offender / criminal is somebody under the age of
16 who commits a crime.
6 When somebody is acquitted / prosecuted they are found
to be not guilty.
7 A robber / mugger is a person who attacks someone in the
street in order to steal their money.
8 The courtroom is where a trial / judge takes place.
9 A defendant is the person who is charged / accused with
committing a crime.
10 Capital / Corporal punishment is punishment by death.
Learning
3 Complete the sentences with a suitable word.
The first letter is given.
1 She’s t__________ exams in two weeks’ time and she hasn’t
started r__________ for them yet.
2 My brother can c__________ better on his work if the TV’s
on, whereas I get d__________ by even the slightest noise.
3 I study most effectively when I’m on my o__________, even
though I prefer studying with a friend.
4 He finds it very difficult to s__________ alert after lunch.
5 If I don’t write d__________ a word after l__________ it up in
the dictionary, then I won’t r__________ it.
4 Complete the text with the correct form of these verbs.
do fail get make pass retake skip study
I had to (1) __________ my Business Studies exam last week
because I didn’t (2) __________ it first time round.
I suppose it’s no surprise that I (3) __________ really because I
didn’t (4) __________ hard enough, and to be honest, I did
(5) __________ one or two of the classes. My friend Matt didn’t
study either but managed to (6) __________ top marks in the
exam. He’s naturally really bright and (7) __________ well at
everything without (8) __________ any effort. Ah well – we can’t
all be geniuses, can we?
Vocabulary 441
 Use of English: Part 3 – Word formation

1 The following sentences contain mistakes related to word formation. Find and correct the mistakes.

supervisor
0 Stefan has been promoted to superviser.
1 Graham gets very stressful about his job.
2 Katya’s responsable for staff training.
3 Several people were made redundent.
4 Jenny gets a lot of satisfication from her job.
5 Grace is an unefficient worker.
6 It’s non-legal to work without a permit.
7 Pierre is too inmature to babysit.
8 What are his strenghths and weaknesses?
9 Michele’s well-qualifying for the job.

Exam practice

2 For questions 1–10,, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the
end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.
There is an example at the beginning (O).. Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS.

Teenager sacked after Facebook comment

A 16-year-old girl from Essex has been sacked after describing her job as (0) BORING BORE
on the social networking website, Facebook. The teenager, who had been working
as an administrative (1) ……………… at a marketing company for just three weeks, ASSIST
didn’t feel very (2) ……………… about the duties she was asked to do. Instead ENTHUSE
of moaning to her friends she decided to express her (3) ……………… on her THINK
Facebook page. She then made the rather (4) ……………… mistake of showing her CARE
Facebook page to a colleague, who drew the boss’s (5) ……………… to it. He ATTEND
immediately fired her on the grounds that her public display of (6) ……………… SATISFY
made it impossible for her to continue working for the company. She later
told newspapers she had been treated totally (7) ………………, especially as she FAIR
hadn’t even mentioned the company’s name. She claimed she’d been perfectly
happy with her job and that her light-hearted comments shouldn’t have
been taken (8) ………………. A spokesperson from a workers’ union said the incident SERIOUS
demonstrated two things: firstly, that people need to protect their (9) ……………… PRIVATE
online and secondly, that employers should be less (10) ……………… to criticism. SENSE

442 Use of English

Language structures & functions
Review of tenses and verb patterns
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
verbs in brackets. Some verbs may be passive.
1 A criminal __________ (escape) from the vehicle that
__________ (carry) him to prison and he __________
(not see) since.
2 I __________ (not like) walking round that part of
town. There __________ (be) a lot of muggings there
recently.
3 My motorbike __________ (repair) the moment after
somebody __________ (vandalise) it.
4 The trial __________ (run) since January and
__________ probably __________ (go) on for a few
more weeks.
5 If they __________ (leave) the windows open, their
house wouldn’t have been burgled.
6 Neighbours said that the man arrested on terrorism
charges __________ (act) suspiciously over the past
few weeks.
7 Oh no! That man driving like a maniac over there
__________ (crash) into that lamppost!
8 Ivan Barnes __________ (find) guilty of shoplifting
last week but because this was the first offence he
__________ (commit) he __________ (not give) a
prison sentence.
2 Complete the news article with the correct form of
these verbs.
arrest believe call make provide
recognise ride rob use
Dutch police (0) have arrested twin brothers on
suspicion of robbery after their victim, a 14-year-
old boy, spotted a picture of them following him
on Google’s Street View. (Street View is a feature
of Google Maps, which (1) __________ a close-up
view of many streets around the world.) The boy
told police that the thieves (2) __________ him of
£140 and his mobile phone while he (3) __________
his bicycle through town. He (4) __________ the
police again after seeing an image on Street View of
himself and two men that he (5) __________ were his
attackers. As it isn’t possible to distinguish faces on
Street View, the police asked Google for the original
photo. The company handed over the photos and a
police detective (6) __________ one of the twins. A
police spokesperson said: ‘This is the first time we (7)
__________ Street View in a criminal investigation.’
Next, the police (8) __________ a decision whether to
charge the suspects.
3 Complete the sentences with the gerund (-ing) or the
infinitive form of the verbs.
1 Police refused __________ (believe) the man when he
denied __________ (steal) the car.
2 The robbers threatened __________ (shoot) the shop
assistant if he didn’t hand over the money.
3 The bomb, which had been left in a rubbish bin, failed
__________ (go) off.
4 The witness said she remembered __________ (see)
the defendant punch another man on a bus.
5 A gang leader was given a lighter prison sentence
after agreeing __________ (help) the police solve
other cases.
6 __________ (drop) litter out of a car window is a
criminal offence in the UK.
7 The woman was found guilty of __________ (drive)
under the influence of alcohol.
8 The burglar put on a ski mask __________ (hide) his
face.
4 Complete the news article with the gerund (-ing), the
bare infinitive or the to infinitive form of the verbs.
A lorry-driver has been fined for (1) __________
(have) a shower while (2) __________ (drive) his
lorry on a motorway. A police patrol car spotted
water (3) __________ (pour) from the driver’s cab
as it sped along the motorway. ‘The lorry appeared
(4) __________ (have) a mechanical problem so
we made the driver (5) __________ (pull) over at a
service station,’ said a police spokesperson. The
police officers were shocked (6) __________ (see) the
driver was soaking wet after (7) __________ (enjoy) a
shower via a water sprinkling system that his wife had
managed (8) __________ (install) above his head. She
had been holding up a sheet of plastic (9) __________
(protect) the instruments at the front of the lorry from
the water. His wife told police officers they were rushing
(10) __________ (deliver) goods in another city and
in order to avoid (11) __________ (arrive) late she
had rigged up the shower (12) __________ (keep) her
husband cool. Police fined the lorry driver and warned
him that (13) __________ (shower) at the wheel was
dangerous and he would be in serious trouble if he tried
(14) __________ (do) it again.
Language structures & functions 443
 Skills

Reading: Part 3 — Multiple matching

1 You are going to read an article about four people who

have made career changes in their lives. Alice Chan, 29 A
For questions 1–13, choose from the people (A–D). The
people may be chosen more than once I did what a lot of young
people do when they graduate.
Which person
Not having a clear idea what
1 travelled abroad in his/her original job? ▢ career path to take, I opted for
2 didn’t use to feel appreciated at work? ▢ something I knew my parents
3 enjoys the freedom of his/her new job? ▢ would approve of – in my case,
4 chose his/her first profession to please advertising. It couldn’t have
his/her family? ▢ been a more glamorous job,
5 had a bad relationship with his/her previous dining with clients in smart
employer? ▢ restaurants, jetting around the
6 used to lack ambition? ▢ world to film ads. But somehow I just couldn’t be myself – I
7 began a new career related to his/her hobby? ▢ had to conform to a particular way of behaving, speaking
8 studied while working? ▢ and dressing. And I had this nagging question in my head:
9 took some time to win people’s confidence? ▢ ‘What am I actually contributing to society?’ So one day I
10 earns a lot less money now? ▢ just handed in my notice and retrained as a social worker,
working with kids from disadvantaged families. And believe
11 was surprised at how quickly he/she was
promoted? ▢ me, I’ve never looked back. Of course, it’s meant a huge drop
in my income but it’s a sacrifice I’m happy to make for the
12 found his/her old job boring? ▢
sake of doing something worthwhile.
13 wanted a job which would benefit other people? ▢
2 Find synonyms in the article for the following words
and phrases.
A 1 exciting and attractive _________________
2 giving up something that Jon Golding, 32 B
is valuable to you _________________
B 3 almost _________________ I used to work for an IT
4 when a situation changes _________________ firm. I was never interested
C 5 difficult and unappreciated _________________ in progressing within the
6 low-ranking _________________ company, and only accepted
D 7 have a good relationship
a management position after
with someone _________________
8 working properly _________________ working there for several
years because I was virtually
forced into it. I was becoming
increasingly aware that there
wasn’t much creativity in my
job but I was too scared to let go of the guaranteed income.
I was a keen guitarist in my spare time and used to collect
hand-built instruments. One day I was on holiday with a group
of friends and we were chatting about our dreams. That was
a turning point for me and I came home and enrolled on
an evening course in guitar-making. Once I’d saved enough
money, I quit my job, converted my garage into a studio and
set up my own business building guitars. My company is now
one of the UK’s leading guitar-builders. Needless to say, I
haven’t regretted my decision for a moment!

444 Skills
Skills
Reading: Part 4 — Multiple choice
3 Track 6 Youwill hear a radio interview with a
C Felix Mason, 34
I wanted to do something useful
with my life and my dad was a
science teacher so I decided to
follow in his footsteps. But it
turned out to be a thankless
job. I was putting all my energy
into it but getting very little
back, apart from increasing
demands from managers and
parents. Finally, after 10 years,
I quit. I was quite keen on writing but I didn’t realise they
allowed ordinary people to be journalists – I thought you had
to have family connections or something. So I took on a very
junior role as assistant editor for a technology magazine.
After just three months, I was made editor, and four years on,
I’m publisher of the magazine. Much as I miss the students,
office life suits me far better. Being able to just get up and
get a coffee whenever you want is amazing. You can’t do that
when you’re teaching until the bell goes.
D 5 What is Holly’s advice concerning the university
Debbie Fielding, 27
I’d been working as a veterinary
nurse and the routine nature
of the job was starting to get
to me. There’d also been a few
changes at the surgery and I
didn’t get on with my new boss,
so when I was made redundant
last year it came as quite a relief.
I’d often dreamt of starting a
company that would provide
specially trained animals to the film and television industry
and it seemed like the right moment to give it a go. So I
retrained and researched the opportunities available to me.
It’s taken a while to get the business up and running, mainly
because people seem to need a lot of convincing that I’m up to
the challenge. But I’m building up client contacts slowly and I
expect things to take off properly within the next few months.
U12
university student, Holly Barnes, who talks about
her first impression of university life. For questions
1–6, choose the best answer (A, B or C).
1 What was Holly worried about when she started
at university?
A finding the level of work difficult
B being a long way from her family
C having to take responsibility for herself
2 What practical advice does Holly give about
making friends?
A Get to know the students who share your
accommodation.
B Don’t form opinions of people too quickly.
C Become a member of a club.
3 What did Holly say about her accommodation in
the hall of residence?
A It was the same as all the other student rooms.
B It became a topic of conversation.
C She didn’t feel at home in it.
4 What advice does Holly give about taking notes
during lectures?
A Keep all your notes about a specific topic
together.
B Write down as much information as you can.
C Just listen during the lecture, and take notes
later.
tutors?
A Don’t forget they have other responsibilities.
B Don’t discuss personal matters with them.
C Don’t be afraid to ask them for advice.
6 How did Holly manage her finances at university?
A She got a part-time job.
B She sold some of her possessions online.
C She found ways of saving money.
Skills 445
445
 Use of English: Part 4 – Key word transformations

1 The following sentences contain mistakes related to word formation.

Find and correct the mistakes.

1 I’d rather not to be a witness at the trial.

2 I find it difficult understanding why someone would commit a crime like that.
3 He’ll probably commit another crime when he’ll be released from prison.
4 The man looked like he was going to jump from the bridge so I suggested us
to call the police.
5 The girl was offered $10,000 taking the drugs to London.
6 When I went to get my bike, I found that someone had been setting fire to it.

Exam practice

2 For questions 1–8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning
to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must
use between two and five words, including the word given. Write only the missing words
IN CAPITAL LETTERS.

1 Fabiola wishes she had applied for the job in Madrid.

REGRETS
Fabiola ……………………………… the job in Madrid.
2 I think you should accept the offer to work part-time at the shop.
ADVANTAGE
If I were you, ……………………………… the offer to work part-time at the shop.
3 The sales job doesn’t interest Christopher.
HAS
Christopher ……………………………… the sales job.
4 Vicky lost her job because she often arrived late.
SACKED
Vicky ……………………………… if she hadn’t arrived late so often.
5 I’m sure Luigi was delighted when he got his promotion.
HAVE
Luigi ……………………………… when he got his promotion.
6 It wasn’t possible for Céline to get the job because she was inexperienced.
PREVENTED
Céline’s ……………………………… the job.
7 I’d hoped my salary would be higher than it is.
NOT
My salary ……………………………… I’d hoped.
8 ‘Naomi, I think you should leave the waiter a big tip,’ said Hannah.
SUGGESTED
Hannah ……………………………… the waiter a big tip.

446 Use of English

 Word building
12
Affixes More phrasal verbs with
look and take
1 Complete the sentences using the correct form of the
words in capitals. Write one word only in each gap. 4 Match the phrasal verbs in sentences 1–8 to definitions
A–H.
1 My __________ has always been to become a
__________. AMBITIOUS / LAW 1 I’m going to the same music festival Andy’s
2 You need __________ to work in __________. going to so I’ll look out for him. ____
CREATIVE / ADVERTISE 2 His acting career really took off after he
3 Her job application was not __________ because the moved to New York. ____
form was __________ and __________. SUCCEED / 3 My sister didn’t immediately take to my
LEGIBLE / COMPLETE boyfriend when she first met him. ____
4 He was sacked because he was __________ at his job. 4 He takes after his father in terms of his
USE attitude to money. ____
5 For me the most important __________ in a job is 5 Francesca looks down on people who
that it’s both __________ and __________. REQUIRE / haven’t been to university. ____
CHALLENGE / ENJOY 6 Do you mind looking through my
6 It’s impossible to succeed as a writer without homework quickly? ____
__________ and __________. DETERMINE / PATIENT 7 My mother took over the running of the
shop when my grandmother retired. ____
2 Put the nouns and adjectives from Activity 1 into the
8 My parents are looking into the possibility
correct columns in the tables. One word can go in two
of opening a restaurant. ____
columns. Then add two more words to each column.
A investigate
Noun suffixes B look carefully around you to try and find something
-ment -ion -ing -er -ity -ence or someone
C read something to check or correct it
D begin to like someone or something
E think somebody else is less important than you
F begin to take responsibility for something that
someone else was doing
Adjective suffixes Prefixes
G become successful
-ing -ful -less -able in- il- H have characteristics of an older relative

5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of a

phrasal verb from Activity 4.

1 I’d been living in the city for several months before I

really __________ it.
Phrasal verbs (6): work 2 I’ll be feeding Sue’s cats for the first week she’s away
then Luke will __________.
3 Choose the correct alternatives. 3 I’ve lost my swimming goggles. Can you __________
them?
1 I would jump at / for / on the chance to work in 4 He started a cleaning business but it never really
Australia. __________.
2 The shop assistant was caught at / out / up stealing 5 Steven is such a snob. He __________ on people who
from the till. aren’t wealthy.
3 There’s a limit to how much information you take in / 6 Police are __________ the mysterious disappearance
on / up in one day. of a statue.
4 A nanny’s role is to look after / on / up children.
5 She could see over / in / through her boss’s false
promises.

Word building 447

 Writing reference
Part 2 – An article
CITY BREAKS
Sample task
What’s your favourite city and why
?
You have seen this advertisement on an international travel website. Write us an article:
Write your article in 120–180 words and in an appropriate style. • describing the city.
• saying why it is special for you
.
Model answer We will publish the most interest
ing
articles online next month.
get readers’ attention right from the start!
Marrakech: the best city in the world!
My absolute favourite city in the world has to be Marrakech, in Target Writing Part 2:
Morocco. It has beautiful architecture, great shops and restaurants, article checklist
and lots to do and see. What’s not to like? Make sure you:
ask questions to engage your readers ✓ include an interesting,
▢
The old town (Medina) is full of picturesque historic buildings and catchy title.
mysterious passageways, while the town square is packed day and
night with colourful stalls and lively performance acts. And as if this
✓ use a lively, chatty, semi-
▢
formal style.
wasn’t enough, the Atlas Mountains are less than an hour away, ✓ speak directly to your
▢
offering spectacular views that will take your breath away. readers – don’t sound
too formal!
I grew up just outside Marrakech and I quickly fell in love with it.
For me, the city has a blend of traditional charm and modern ✓ give your own opinion.
▢
excitement that is completely unique. It seems that many other ✓ include descriptions,
▢
examples and stories to
people feel the same way – Marrakech is now a major tourist
support your ideas.
destination!
✓ use colourful language,
▢
Marrakech may not be as big and loud as New York, or as chic as such as phrasal verbs,
Milan, but to its many fans it’s twice as fascinating, and always full of collocations and idioms.
surprises! If you haven’t seen it, you must come soon. You’ll never ✓ make sure that you answer
▢
forget it! a few idiomatic expressions all the points in the question.
end with an interesting can make your article ✓ use the correct number of
▢
be personal! last sentence sound more interesting words.
✓ check your work for accuracy.
▢
Useful language
Addressing the reader Giving a strong opinion Giving examples
Have you ever ...? It’s absolutely + stunning / ..., such as ...
You absolutely must ... terrible (strong adjective). ..., particularly ...
Can you imagine ... It took my breath away. ..., like ...
I’m sure you’ll agree ... I will never forget it.
I must tell you about ... There’s nothing in the world like it.
You wouldn’t believe ...
Adding and developing ideas
Giving a personal response For a start ...
For me, ... / To me, .... Secondly, / Thirdly, / Finally, ...
Personally, I think / find / believe ... And then there’s the fact that ...
It seems to me ... On top of that, ...
In my view, ... Apart from that, ...
One thing I love / remember ... I must also mention ...
I’ll never forget ... As if this wasn’t enough, ...

448 Writing reference

Part 2 – A story
Sample task

You have decided to enter a short story competition in an international magazine.

The story must begin with the following words:
When Ella checked the alarm clock, she saw that it was midnight.
Write your story in 120-180 words and in an appropriate style.

Model answer
Target Writing Part 2:
When Ella checked the alarm clock, she saw that it story checklist
was midnight. Her parents were spending the night
use past Make sure you:
continuous for away and wouldn’t be due back until the morning.
So what on earth was making that dreadful noise in
✓ begin or end your story with
▢
background the sentence you are given.
information the kitchen? ✓ give your story a clear
▢
Ella suddenly felt wide awake as she imagined all beginning and end.
use a range
of descriptive
the worst possible explanations. What if somebody ✓ describe the atmosphere and
▢
had broken in? What if she was in danger? Well, feelings, not just events.
language
there was nothing else for it. She would have to go ✓ create interest by using
▢
and investigate. adjectives and adverbs.
Shivering with cold and fright, Ella crept downstairs. ✓ use a range of narrative
▢
tenses, not just the past
The noise seemed to get louder and louder, and Ella
simple.
thought she’d never been so scared before in her
life. Eventually, she reached the kitchen. Hardly
✓ use time expressions and
▢
use a range of sequencing words to organise
daring to look, she bravely pushed open the door your story.
expressions to
show when – and saw her cat, Charlie, trying to get some food ✓ use the correct number of
▢
things happened scraps out of the bin! words.
Ella immediately felt relieved, embarrassed and cross ✓ check your work for accuracy.
▢
with Charlie all at the same time. After she’d cleaned
up the mess Charlie had made, she went back to
bed. She decided not to tell her parents what had have a clear ending – don’t just
happened. She knew they would only laugh! stop writing!
use the past perfect for events which happened before
the main events in the story Describing reasons and
results
because ... / as ... / since ...
Useful language Time and sequencing so that ... / (in order) to ...
expressions Because of ... / As a result of ...
Narrative tenses At first ... / In the beginning, ...
• past continuous for setting Firstly, / Next, / Then, ... Describing feelings and
the scene Soon / Shortly after ... responses
The sun was shining ... As / While / When ... ... was so + adjective that ...
• past simple for main events Meanwhile, / While that was ... was such a + adjective + noun that ...
happening, ... ...had never felt / been so + adjective
We set off early. Gradually, / Slowly, ... + before in all my life.
• past perfect for events that Suddenly, / Just then, ... I couldn’t believe my eyes / ears when ...
happened before the main action Immediately, / Straight away, ... It was a terrible shock / wonderful
After he’d left, I felt ... Afterwards, / After that, ... surprise.
Eventually, / In the end, / Finally, ...
Writing reference 449
 Part 2 – An essay
Sample task

You have had a class discussion on computers. Your teacher has now asked you to write
an essay, giving your opinion on the following statement.
Young people spend too much time using computers.
Write your essay in 120–180 words and in an appropriate style.

Model answer

use formal Target Writing Part 2:

expressions Nowadays, computer technology is an important part
essay checklist
of everyday life for many people, especially teenagers.
Make sure you:
use longer However, some experts are concerned that spending
sentences and too much time using computers might be dangerous. ✓ stay on topic – do not include
▢
connect ideas irrelevant information.
with linkers On the one hand, a few young people seem to become
✓ use a new paragraph for each
▢
main issue.
addicted to computers. They would rather play games
put arguments or chat online than do anything else, which can affect
✓ begin with an introduction to
▢
for and against the topic.
their studies and social skills. Understandably, these ✓ end with a conclusion
▢
a statement
in separate cases are treated with great concern by teachers and summarising your views.
paragraphs parents. ✓ use formal language.
▢
✓ add ideas with linkers of
▢
On the other hand, the number of users who become addition (e.g. furthermore).
addicted in this way is very small. Many young people ✓ contrast ideas with linkers of
▢
enjoy using computers alongside other hobbies, such as contrast (e.g. despite).
sport or socialising. What is more, studies have shown ✓ use the correct number of
▢
that regular computer use actually has many benefits. words.
use examples For example, it can help to develop problem-solving ✓ check your work for accuracy.
▢
to support your abilities as well as technical expertise.
ideas
On balance, I believe that the majority of teenagers Although ...
do not forget to use computers responsibly. Moreover, as computers are In spite of / Despite + noun / gerund
sum up your now essential equipment in many homes, schools, and In spite of / Despite the fact that +
own opinion at workplaces, I feel it is important that young people are clause
the end! encouraged to understand and enjoy this technology.
Linkers of addition
In addition, ...
Moreover, ...
Useful language Furthermore, ...
Giving other people’s Expressing your opinion What is more, ...
opinions In my opinion, ... Giving examples
Studies have shown that ... I firmly / strongly believe that ...
For example, / instance, ...
It has been suggested / claimed / It seems clear to me that ...
..., such as ...
argued that ... While I agree that ... , I disagree that
Some people are of the opinion that ... Reaching a conclusion
...
Linkers of contrast Overall, / On balance, ...
According to ...
On the whole, ...
It is generally agreed that ... On the one hand, ... On the other
To sum up, / conclude, ...
hand, ...
In conclusion, ...
However, ...

450 Writing reference

 Part 2 – A report
Sample task

A group of students from the USA are going to visit your town or city next month as part of an exchange visit. Their
teacher has asked you to write a report about shopping in your town / city, including the following information:
• local specialities which the students could buy as souvenirs • the best places for teenagers to go shopping
• cheap cafés or restaurants where the students could eat.
Write your report in 120–180 words and in an appropriate style.

Model answer

simple headings can help you to organise your ideas Target Writing Part 2:
Shopping in Kraków report checklist
Introduction we often use passive structures in formal writing Make sure you:
This report considers shopping in Kraków. The local specialities are described, and ✓ think about who your reader is
▢
suggestions are given on the best places for teenagers to go shopping and buy food. and what they want to know.
Local specialities ✓ begin with an introduction
▢
explaining the purpose of the
Kraków is especially famous for amber jewellery, as well as many traditional crafts. report.
The local gingerbread biscuits would also make an inexpensive as well as attractive ✓ address all of the points in the
▢
gift. do not use a lot of descriptive language; instructions.
Places for teenagers to shop be clear and factual ✓ organise your ideas clearly,
▢
with headings if appropriate.
There is a very wide choice of shopping in Kraków. However, teenagers might ✓ include a personal
▢
particularly enjoy the following: recommendation if you are
● Galeria Krakowska, which is an upmarket shopping mall in the city centre asked for one.
● Hala Targowa, which is a big outdoor market where many unusual gifts are sold.
✓ use a variety of formal
▢
expressions and structures.
Affordable cafés and restaurants ✓ use the correct number of
▢
If students want to eat in a cheap, good-quality café or restaurant, I would strongly words.
recommend that they avoid the main tourist centre and visit the suburbs. Alternatively, ✓ check your work for accuracy.
▢
they can buy cheap snacks from many market stalls.
Conclusion
you can use numbers or bullets to
In my opinion, Kraków is a superb shopping destination. If students follow my highlight key points
recommendations they will enjoy an excellent trip without too much expense.
you can summarise any
recommendations in a conclusion
Useful language
1 ... • ...
Introducing your report 2 ... OR • ... Making
This report is intended to show / 3 ... • ... recommendations
discuss / outline ... I would strongly / highly recommend
The aim / purpose of this report is to ... Suggesting additional ...
In this report I will ... ideas My first / second recommendation
Another option would be to ... would be to ...
Listing ideas I would also suggest ... It would be (highly) advisable to ...
I would suggest the following: Another point to consider is that ... If my recommendations are
... might like to consider the following: Alternatively, ... followed, then ...
The following are highly Moreover, / Furthermore, ... The best solution / ideas would
recommended: Apart from this / In addition to this, seem to be ...
...
Writing refence 451
 Part 2 – A review
Sample task
An international arts website is looking for reviews of novels for a new section called ‘A Reader
Writes’. You have decided to write a review of a novel you’ve recently read for this section. Describe
the novel and say what do you think about it. Would you recommend this novel to other people?
Write your review in 120-180 words in an appropriate style.

Model answer
Target Writing Part 2:
make your I really enjoyed the film version of The Bourne
review more review checklist
Identity starring Matt Damon, but I thought the
interesting original novel by Robert Ludlum was even better. Make sure you:
with personal This book is so well-written, I didn’t want to finish it! ✓ choose a book, film, restaurant,
▢
comments etc. that you know well!
The plot is gripping right from the start. When
we first meet the lead character, Jason Bourne,
✓ give basic details in the first
▢
paragraph.
highlight key he is being rescued from the sea. His identity is a
features - don’t mystery to everyone, including himself! Over the
✓ use different paragraphs for
▢
each main idea.
give too much course of the novel we gradually find out who
detail ✓ finish with a positive or
▢
Bourne is, and follow him through a series of negative recommendation.
exciting adventures. ✓ give your opinions and
▢
As well as a highly original plot line, the novel reasons for them.
use adverbs includes a number of fascinating characters, ✓ use a lively, catchy style that
▢
and extreme especially the villains! I only have one negative will interest the reader.
adjectives for comment: in my view, the novel is strong on action ✓ use a range of adjectives and
▢
emphasis adverbs.
but weaker on description. However, this is a small
criticism of an otherwise excellent book.
✓ use the correct number of
▢
you can add words.
negative I would highly recommend The Bourne Identity ✓ check your work for accuracy.
▢
comments too! to anyone who enjoys action or crime stories.
However, if you prefer more descriptive or
romantic novels, then you should give it a miss. explain your recommendation
Personally, I can’t wait to start reading the sequel!

Useful language Giving an opinion

Comparing and contrasting
... is even better than ...
... is (not) nearly as good as ...
... is twice as good as ...
... is the best I have ever seen / read / been to.
In comparison with ...
One of the strongest / weakest things about ...
In contrast, ... / On the other hand, ...
The only criticism I would make is that ...
What I really loved about ... is ...
To me, ... seemed ...
... was ... from start to finish.
+ exceptional / good value / gripping / lively / memorable / perfect
/ realistic / stunning / superb / well-written / -acted / -cooked etc.
— disappointing / dreadful / dull / inadequate / poor / predictable /
sub-standard / unconvincing / unimaginative / uninteresting

Describing a book / film / Making a recommendation

TV programme I would highly / strongly recommend ...
I certainly wouldn’t recommend ...
... is set in ...
I strongly advise you (not) to ...
The main character is ...
Everyone should see / do / read this ... immediately!
It tells the story of ...
... is not to be missed!
The plot / dialogue / acting / characterisation is ...
You should give ... a miss!
Don’t bother reading / seeing / going ...
452 Writing reference
 EXPLORERS WANTED!
Part 2 – A formal letter
We are looking for people from diffe
Sample task us on a two-week walking expeditio
rent countries to join
n in the rainforest in
Africa. We will be raising money for
You have seen this advertisement in an English a wildlife charity.
● Are you interested in animals and
language magazine. nature?
● Are you fit and happy to walk for long
Write your letter of application in 120–180 words. distances?
● Do you have a good level of English?
Do not write any postal addresses.
Please apply to our expedition leader,
Mr Cabila, saying why
you think you should be selected to join
Model answer the expedition.

always include a name if you are

Dear Mr Cabila,
given one Target Writing Part 2:
formal letter checklist
use I am writing in response to your advertisement for
paragraphs to people to participate in a walking expedition. Make sure you:
organise your I would be very interested in joining this expedition as ✓ use suitable opening and
▢
letter I have always been passionate about wildlife. I am
closing expressions.
currently studying environmental science at university ✓ begin by saying why you are
▢
writing.
and I hope to have a career in conservation after I graduate.
use a range ✓ address all of the points in the
▢
of tenses and In my free time, I enjoy going for long walks in the instructions.
structures – not countryside, and I also do cross-country running with ✓ use short paragraphs for each
▢
just the present a university sports club. I would describe my level of new topic.
simple fitness as excellent, and I would relish the challenge of ✓ use formal structures,
▢
trekking through jungle conditions. expressions and linkers.
In addition to these skills, I have been studying English ✓ end by saying what you would
▢
for many years and I hope to take my First Certificate like to happen next (e.g. I look
exam in June. forward to hearing from you).

I enjoy working with other people, and I would

✓ the correct number of
▢ use
words.
if you are describe myself as outgoing and sociable. For
these reasons, I think I would make an excellent
✓ check your work for accuracy.
▢
applying for
a job, say member of your team.
why you If you require any further information, please do
should be not hesitate to contact me. I look forward to hearing
considered from you.
Yours sincerely, indirect structures can
Tomo Micor sound more polite

Useful language
Opening and closing
expressions
Dear Mr / Mrs / Miss + Name, ...
... Yours sincerely,
Dear Sir / Madam / Sir or Madam, ...
... Yours faithfully,
Giving a reason for writing
I am writing in response to your
advertisement ...
I am writing to apply for / complain
about / enquire about ...
Applying for a job
I have always been interested in ...
I have a lot of experience in / of ...
I consider myself to be / would
describe myself as ...
I would like the opportunity to ...
Complaining
I am not satisfied with ...
... was (highly) unsatisfactory.
I am unhappy with the service I
received.
I would like to request a refund.
Requesting infor mation
I would be very grateful if you could ...
Would it be possible for you to ...?
Please could you tell me more about /
send me further information about ...
Ending your letter
I look forward to hearing from you.
Thank you in advance for your help.
Thank you for considering my
application.
453
Writing reference
 Pairwork activities
Unit 12, Page 436, Activity 5

1 Discuss these Part 3 questions. Talk for three minutes.

• Why are these jobs important? • Which job would be the most interesting to do?

2 Discuss three of the Part 4 questions on
the right. Talk for four minutes. When
you have finished, discuss how well you
think you did the task with your partner.
Are there any areas you think you could
improve on before the exam?
1 Do you enjoy watching sporting events like these? Why? / Why not?
2 Why do you think so many people want to become professional
footballers?
3 What kind of things should people think about when they’re
choosing a career?
4 Why do some people have to wear uniforms at work?
5 Do you prefer working on your own or as part of a team? Why?

454 Pairwork activities

Transcripts
U12 Track 1, Activity 1
MAN: The multi-award-winning chef, restaurant owner
and TV presenter Gordon Ramsay hasn’t always
worked with food. When he was a teenager, he was
a promising footballer and hoped to have a career in
sport!
WOMAN: The Oscar winning actress and comedian Whoopi
Goldberg did not become famous overnight. In order
to make ends meet, she once worked in the building
industry, as a bricklayer!
MAN: Before he became an actor and director, Harrison
Ford already had a very successful career. A well-
regarded carpenter, he was given his first major film
role by George Lucas, the Star Wars director. George
first employed Harrison to build him some cabinets!
WOMAN: The pop singer Pink, who was born Alecia Moore,
claims to still have nightmares about her previous
job. For two years, she worked in a McDonald’s
restaurant, where her duties included cooking
burgers and cleaning the floor.
U12 Track 2, Activity 4
1.
BOY: I’m saving up to go travelling next year, so I need to
earn a bit of money. I’m free from June to August,
so I’m hoping to get something then. I’ve never
had a job before, but I’m keen to learn. Hopefully
something will turn up soon!
2.
WOMAN: I used to work in tourism, which was great,
although the tiny salary was a bit of a struggle. I’m
now looking for a long-term job, ideally working
with people. I’m ambitious, so I’d want to work
somewhere where I could ultimately go places.
3.
MAN: I’m currently a student at the university, so I’m
looking for a job that I can fit around my studies. I’d
prefer not to work during the week, as I’m too busy
then. I don’t mind working late, I’m used to that – I
helped out sometimes on the night shift at my dad’s
hotel.
U12 Track 3, Activity 2
Tip 1.
EXPERT: Students learn as individuals, and so you need to
work out which study methods are best for you.
Some people work better in the evening, while others
are morning people. Similarly, some people prefer
to study in total silence, whereas others find that
some quiet background music can help them to
concentrate. I’m not sure about rock music though.
The music shouldn’t be too noisy or distracting, so
something like classical music or jazz might be better.
Tip 2.
EXPERT: Some people have suggested that the particular
kinds of fatty acids present in certain types of oily
fish, like mackerel or tuna, might help to boost your
memory. This isn’t guaranteed, however, and in any
case, it’s unlikely that eating lots of fish is going to
radically alter your intelligence! But eating fish is
certainly good for you, and it’s important to look
after your health before your exams. Eat well, take
regular breaks for rest and relaxation, and try to
get plenty of sleep. An exam is only a test – not a
punishment!
Tip 3.
EXPERT: Yes, this is a good tip. You don’t need to look up
every new word you find in a dictionary, but good
students will want to make regular use of one.
Keeping a vocabulary notebook and adding to it
while you study is a great idea. Writing down an
example sentence is a particularly good suggestion
– it can help you to remember how a word is used, as
well as what it means. But remember to revise your
vocabulary notebook regularly. Don’t just write down
new words then forget all about them!
Tip 4.
EXPERT: Hmm ... again, I think this depends on the individual
student. Some people work best alone, but others
can find working with friends very helpful. For most
people, a mixture of the two methods is ideal. It’s
especially important to practise speaking English
with other people – after all, you might feel a bit silly
trying to do this by yourself!
Tip 5.
EXPERT: This is an odd one – I think I might get a bit worried
if all my students turned up wearing orange for
their exams! There’s a school of thought called
‘colour therapy’ which argues that different colours
have the ability to affect our moods. Apparently,
yellow and orange are good colours for focusing the
mind and reducing stress. I don’t think there’s any
real scientific evidence for this, and it’s certainly no
substitute for a good revision plan. But I suppose
wearing orange wouldn’t hurt if you wanted to give
it a try!
Transcripts 455
 Tip 6.
EXPERT: This is usually a terrible idea. By all means learn
useful phrases and collocations by heart, but don’t
try to memorise whole chunks of text to repeat in
the speaking or writing papers. Students who do this
often end up scoring low marks, either because they
fail to answer the question properly, or because their
answers sound very unnatural. So don’t waste your
time following this tip: it could do you more harm
than good.
U12 Track 4, Activity 5
You’ll hear a radio interview with a teacher, Mark
Vickery, who spent a month training to be a music
DJ, and his mentor, DJ Alice Electric. For questions
1–7, choose the best answer, A, B or C. You now
have one minute in which to look at Part Four.
[pause of 60 seconds]
PRE: = PRESENTER
PRE: The Channel Nine show Life Swap teaches
participants a new profession in just one month!
Mark Vickery is a secondary school teacher who
trained to become a DJ with the help of Alice
Electric. Mark, what inspired you to make the switch?
MARK: Well, I’d discussed the show at school because it was
such an interesting concept. I mean, we all wonder
what life would be like if we’d chosen different paths.
But I would never have done anything about it if my
sixth-form class hadn’t filled in the application and
sent it off – without my knowledge, I might add! One
of the guys I teach with made the suggestion to them
as a bit of a joke, apparently.
PRE: Alice ... on the show you looked quite shocked when
you met Mark.
ALICE: Did I?... Don’t get me wrong, I thought Mark was a
lovely bloke, but he was just so, uh, different. He was
really quiet and reserved, and I knew if we didn’t fix
that then nothing else would matter. And then there
was his style – or rather the lack of it (sorry Mark!).
MARK: No worries!
ALICE: Well, he looked like what he was – a geography
teacher! And this guy had barely heard of house
and trance. His idea of ‘modern’ music was, like, The
Rolling Stones!
PRE: So you had to do some intensive training ...
ALICE: Yeah, it wasn’t easy! There was so much he had to
take in, memorise, in just a month. But ... maybe it’s
456 Transcripts
because he’s a teacher ... anyway, it turned out that
learning stuff by heart was the least of our worries.
He was so uptight all the time that his DJ-ing came
across as really wooden and unconvincing. That
was really frustrating for me because musically,
he wasn’t bad at all – I’ve heard much worse from
professionals ...
PRE: So what did you make of the music, Mark?
MARK: Oh, wow, it was a revelation! I’d only really heard
dance music from walking past clubs or pubs ...
or played at top volume on someone’s car stereo.
In those contexts it’s just noise, but Alice showed
me how complex it can be. A good DJ mixes up all
kinds of genres, from rock to ... well, I even heard
some classical – it’s very creative. To me, though, it
sounds better when you’re dancing. You often hear
a particular line or tune over and over, which could
get boring if you’re listening at home.
PRE: You definitely didn’t look bored when you were
playing your final set in Ibiza ...
MARK: No way – that expression on my face was sheer
terror! Alice and her friends were such wonderful
teachers, I didn’t want to let them down. That was
my greatest fear, even more than my worry that
I would make a total idiot of myself! Some of my
students had flown out to see me, and the thought
of that helped me to stay focused. Anyway, it was
nice to see them concentrating on me for once,
instead of staring out the window like they do in
some of my classes!
ALICE: I met your students and they said they had a great
time. They were also full of compliments about your
teaching ... well, they did say that your lessons could
do with being easier but they loved they way you
encouraged them to talk about the subject, instead
of just giving lots of lectures. Oh yes, and they also
said that geography was dull and you should teach
music!
PRE: Was it hard to go back to school again?
MARK: Not really ... I think I make a better teacher than
a DJ, that’s for certain! But the experience was
fantastic, and I’ve learnt a lot. I might not look any
different – as you can see I’ve gone back to wearing
jumpers and corduroys, I’m afraid – but I think I’m
now more open to new ideas and experiences, and
that’s ... I think that’s affected how I work in the
classroom. I still prefer the Rolling Stones to Sasha
or Darude, though ....
PRE: Mark, Alice, thank you very much for sharing your
experiences. Next week we ...
U12 Track 5, Activities 2 and 3
EXAMINER: Now, I’d like you to talk about something together
for about three minutes. I’d like you to imagine that
your local school is organising a careers day for
students. Here are some of the people that they
could invite to talk to students about their jobs.
First, talk to each other about how interesting you
think each speaker might be. Then decide which two
people to invite to speak at the school. All right?
GIRL: Shall we start with this picture, the tattooist? I think
she would be interesting because, well, she’s got
such an unusual job.
BOY: Yes, that’s true, and I think a lot of students would
love to hear what she has to say, because a lot
of young people are into tattoos. So, let’s look at
this picture on the left. Personally, I’m not that
interested in animals ...
GIRL: Me neither, but I think a lot of other students would
be. Being a vet is ... uh ... well, it’s quite a popular
career choice. I think it would be good to learn about
what it’s really like ... Do you agree?
BOY: I suppose so. But I think that this man, at the bottom,
I think I’d rather hear more about his job!
GIRL: Hmm, it definitely looks exciting, but I’m not quite
sure what he’s doing. Um ... maybe ... OK, well, as far
as I can tell, he’s a helicopter pilot. What do you think?
BOY: Absolutely. To me, that seems like a really amazing,
interesting job.
GIRL: Oh, I agree with that, but ... well, I’m not sure he
would be a good choice for a careers day. I don’t
think many students will, uh, will fly a helicopter
when they leave school!
BOY: That’s a good point. So, what next? Hmm, what
about the woman on the left? She hasn’t got a very
typical job either ...
GIRL: Really? I disagree. I think lots of people work as
engineers. And it would be great to have a woman
talk to the students ... to show that you can do any
job you want, whether you’re a woman or a man.
BOY: I see what you mean ... I hadn’t thought of that
before, but yes, I think that would be useful. Right, so
we haven’t talked about this picture yet. It seems to
show some kind of ....
BOY: So, have we decided which two people to invite?
GIRL: Well, I think we agree about the engineer ...
BOY: Yes, definitely, that makes sense to me. But we need
to decide who else to invite. Personally, I think the
tattooist would probably make a good speaker, but
perhaps her job is too unusual. And another thing,
not everyone thinks that tattoos are a good idea ...
GIRL: You’re right, I don’t think she would be the best choice
for a careers day. So what about the vet? I know we
both said we weren’t really into animals, but I’ve got a
feeling that lots of other students would be fascinated.
BOY: I think so too. OK, so I think we’ve reached a
conclusion!
GIRL: Yes, let’s invite the engineer and the vet!
EXAMINER: Thank you. How important is it to learn about
different jobs while you are at school?
BOY: I’m sorry, would you mind saying that again, please?
EXAMINER: Of course. How important is it to learn about
different jobs while you are at school?
BOY: Right .... well, I haven’t thought much about this
before, but I imagine it’s probably quite important.
I mean, you need to know about lots of different
careers before you can make the right choice.
GIRL: I agree with that up to a point. But I don’t think
school careers days are enough. I think it’s also
useful for everyone to do some part-time work, so
they can find out what they really enjoy doing.
BOY: Right, yes, I can see that would be useful. So maybe
you need both ... I mean, you need to learn about
jobs at school, and get some experience, too.
GIRL: That sounds like a great idea!
U12 Track 6, Activity 3
You will hear a radio interview with a university
student, Holly Barnes, who talks about her first
impression of university life. For questions 1–6,
choose the best answer (A, B or C).
PRES: = Presenter
PRES: And on today’s programme we talk to Holly Barnes,
a History student in her final year at Liverpool
University, about her first impressions of student
life. Let’s start from day one. What was going
through your head when you first arrived at
university?
HOLLY: A whole mixture of emotions really. Um ... I
remember arriving at the halls of residence after a
four-hour drive. My parents helped me unload all my
stuff from the car and then we said our goodbyes.
I remember my mum was really tearful ... I don’t
think she was ready for me to leave home. But I
was too busy feeling excited at the prospect of my
independence and all the new friends I was about to
make. For me, the main concern was whether I was
up to the academic challenge of university.
PRES: How easy was it to make friends? Do you have any
advice for somebody new starting at university?
Transcripts 457
 HOLLY: Well, it’s not too difficult, as long as you’re quite
open-minded about it. You might not take to people
straightaway but then they might turn out to be
really great friends. An excellent way to meet people
is to join some sort of club. In my case I joined a
tennis club. I also made lots of friends with people
from my hall of residence, but it’s single sex and I
wanted to meet some blokes too.
PRES: And what was your accommodation like?
HOLLY: My room was nice and spacious, like the other
rooms. Well actually, it was a horrible shade of
yellowy orange – the only room in the whole building
to have been given such special treatment! It was
certainly not like the nice neutral colour of my room
at home. But anyway, it turned out to be a talking
point – quite handy when you’re meeting so many
new people. And by the time, I’d furnished it with a
few of my possessions and put up some posters, it
soon felt very cosy.
PRES: And how was the academic side of things different
from your experience at school?
HOLLY: It’s totally different! You have lectures instead of
classes and you have to be really good at note-
taking. If you try to write down everything the
lecturer says, you’ll be too busy writing to listen, so
you need to take brief notes, but not so brief you
can’t understand them later. The real key is to make
sure your notes from a specific subject are filed in
one place so they’re in a good state when you come
to revise.
458 Transcripts
PRES: Are university tutors very different from school
teachers?
HOLLY: Well, it’s easy to feel intimidated by university tutors
and they can sometimes give the impression they’ve
got better things to do than talk to students. But
the point is, it’s their responsibility to help you and
you’ll normally find they’re more than happy to do
so if you ask them. And if you have any problems like
family, or social or health issues, it’s best not to hide
it from them. That kind of thing can be taken into
consideration when they’re setting your grades.
PRES: University is the first time you have to manage your
own money. How did you find that?
HOLLY: Well if you want to avoid getting into massive debt,
you have to either increase your income by working
part-time – there are plenty of possibilities – or cut
down your expenditure, which was the route I chose,
like, for example, buying second-hand books or
sharing the cost of photocopies with friends. Another
good way of earning extra cash, which I haven’t got
round to yet, is selling old stuff like CDs and DVDs on
the internet.
PRES: Well, thank you very much Holly, for speaking to us
today, and for all those useful tips. And good luck
with your final exams next term.
Exam answer sheets
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Instructions
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Use a PENCIL (B or HB).
3 A B C D E F G H 23 A B C D E F G H
Mark ONE letter for each A B C D E F G H
4 24 A B C D E F G H
question.
5 A B C D E F G H 25 A B C D E F G H
For example, if you think
B is the right answer to 6 A B C D E F G H 26 A B C D E F G H
the question, mark your A B C D E F G H
7 27 A B C D E F G H
answer sheet like this:
8 A B C D E F G H 28 A B C D E F G H
9 A B C D E F G H 29 A B C D E F G H
B

10 A B C D E F G H 30 A B C D E F G H
H

0 A B C D E F G H 11 A B C D E F G H 31 A B C D E F G H
12 A B C D E F G H 32 A B C D E F G H
Rub out any answer you 13 A B C D E F G H 33 A B C D E F G H
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16 A B C D E F G H 36 A B C D E F G H
17 A B C D E F G H 37 A B C D E F G H
18 A B C D E F G H 38 A B C D E F G H
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A-H 40 CAS DP594/300

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Candidate Name Centre No.

If not already printed, write name
in CAPITALS and complete the
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Examination Title
SAMPLE Examination
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1
2
0
1
2
0
1
2
0
1
2
Details
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Centre
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
Supervisor: 6 6 6 6
If the candidate is ABSENT or has WITHDRAWN shade here 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
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Candidate Answer Sheet

Instructions
Use a PENCIL (B or HB). Rub out any answer you wish to change using an eraser.
Part 1: Mark ONE letter for each question. Parts 2, 3 and 4: Write your answer clearly
For example, if you think B is the right in CAPITAL LETTERS.
answer to the question, mark your For Parts 2 and 3 write one letter
0 A B C D in each box. For example: 0
answer sheet like this:

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Part 1 Part 2 below here

13
1 A B C D 13 1 0 u

14
2 A B C D 14 1 0 u

15
3 A B C D 15 1 0 u

16
4 A B C D 16 1 0 u

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5 A B C D 17 1 0 u

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9 A B C D 21 1 0 u

22
10 A B C D 22 1 0 u

23
11 A B C D 23 1 0 u

24
12 A B C D 24 1 0 u
6

Continues over
FCE UoE DP596/305

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 Do not write
Part 3 below here
25
25 1 0 u

26
26 1 0 u

27
27 1 0 u

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28 1 0 u

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29 1 0 u

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31
31 1 0 u

32
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33
33 1 0 u

34
34 1 0 u

Do not write
Part 4 below here

35 SAMPLE 35 2

36 2
1 0 u

36 1 0 u

37 2 1 0 u
37
38 2 1 0 u
38
39 2 1 0 u
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40 2 1 0 u
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41 2 1 0 u
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42 2 1 0 u
42

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If not already printed, write name
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Examination Title
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1
2
0
1
2
0
1
2
0
1
2
Details
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5 5 5 5
Supervisor: 6 6 6 6
If the candidate is ABSENT or has WITHDRAWN shade here 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9

Test version: A B C D E F J K L M N Special arrangements: S H

Candidate Answer Sheet

Instructions
Use a PENCIL (B or HB).
Rub out any answer you wish to change using an eraser.

Parts 1, 3 and 4: Part 2:

Mark ONE letter for each question. Write your answer clearly in CAPITAL LETTERS.

For example, if you think B is the Write one letter or number in each box.
right answer to the question, mark If the answer has more than one word, leave one
your answer sheet like this: box empty between words.
For example:
0 A B C
0

Turn this sheet over to start.

FCE L DP599/306
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Part 1
1 A B C

2 A B C

3 A B C

4 A B C

5 A B C

6 A B C

7 A B C

8 A B C

Do not write
Part 2 (Remember to write in CAPITAL LETTERS or numbers) below here

9 SAMPLE 9

10
1 0 u

10 1 0 u

11
11 1 0 u

12
12 1 0 u

13
13 1 0 u

14
14 1 0 u

15
15 1 0 u

16
16 1 0 u

17
17 1 0 u

18
18 1 0 u

Part 3
19 A B C D E F

20 A B C D E F

21 A B C D E F

22 A B C D E F

23 A B C D E F

Part 4
24 A B C

25 A B C

26 A B C

27 A B C

28 A B C

29 A B C

30 A B C

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