1. Jenny dropped her torch down a drain.

The torch was still switched on but Jenny could not see it.

not to scale

(a) (i) Jenny lowered a mirror into the drain and placed it at position P.

At which angle should Jenny put the mirror to see the torch?
Tick the correct box.

1 mark
2. Thunder and lightning happen at the same time.

(a) We see the flash of lightning before we hear the thunder.

Give the reason for this.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) Omar investigated the movement of a storm. He measured the time between seeing a flash
of lightning and hearing the thunder.
He did this six times. Omar put his results in a table.

flash of time between seeing the

lightning lightning and hearing the
thunder, in seconds

A 8.0

B 5.0

C 3.0

D 9.0

E 13.0

F 16.5

Omar drew a bar chart of his results as shown below.

18
16
14
12
time, in 10
seconds 8
6
4
2
0
A B C D E F
flash of lightning

(i) On the bar chart, draw a bar for flash D. Use a ruler.
1 mark
(ii) Which flash of lightning was closest to Omar?
Give the correct letter.

...................................................................
1 mark

(iii) Describe how the distance between the storm and Omar changed as the storm moved
between flash A and flash F.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
3. An actor is on a stage in a theatre. A spotlight is shining on him.

spotlight

A
B
C

actor
audience

stage

(a) A ray of light travels from the spotlight to the actor.

(i) Which line shows the ray? Give the correct letter.

…………
1 mark

(ii) How long does the light take to travel from the spotlight to the actor?

Tick the correct box.

about a hundred millionth of a second

about a tenth of a second

about a second

about ten seconds

1 mark
(b) The actor’s voice sounds different to the people in the front and back rows of the audience.

(i) How does the actor’s voice sound different to a person in the back row?

……………………………………….……………………………………….

……………………………………….……………………………………….
1 mark

(ii) Complete the sentence with longer, shorter or exactly the same.

When the actor is at the back of the stage, the time his voice

takes to reach the audience is .…………………………… .

1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
4. Gabby arranged a torch, two cards and a screen as shown below.
Light from the torch passed through holes in the cards and onto the screen.

screen

spot of
card B light

card A

(a) Why did a spot of light appear on the screen? Tick the correct box.

Light can be split up into Light can travel through

many colours. empty space.

Light travels in straight

Light travels very fast.
lines.

1 mark
(b) Gabby moved card B to one side as shown below.
The ray of light passed through the hole in card A and onto card B.

Continue the ray of light from the torch to show where it would hit card B.
Use a ruler.

screen

card B

card A

1 mark

(c) Gabby used a torch to shine a ray of light towards a mirror.

Continue the ray of light to show how it reflects off the mirror.
Add an arrow to show the direction of the reflected ray.
Use a ruler.

mirror

torch

3 marks
5. A teacher has a small torch. He switches it on and points it towards a mirror.

mirror

torch

(a) A ray of light from the torch reflects off the mirror. Use a ruler to draw the ray of light:

(i) from the torch to the mirror;

1 mark

(ii) reflecting off the mirror.

2 marks

Add arrows to the rays to show the direction of the light.

(b) A laser beam is a very bright and powerful beam of light. It is very dangerous to point a laser
beam towards people or animals.
Which part of the body can be most easily damaged by a laser beam?

....................................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
6. The diagram shows a lamp and a piece of cardboard. The piece of cardboard has a hole in it. Light
from the lamp passes through the hole and forms a bright spot on a wall.

piece of
cardboard wall
A

hole
D
lamp

(a) (i) Which point on the wall, A B, C, D or E, is lit up by the lamp?

......................
1 mark

(ii) Explain why the other points on the wall are not lit up by the lamp.

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) A piece of clear green plastic is placed over the hole.

What is the colour of the light which shines on the wall?

............................................……
1 mark
(c) The diagram shows a ray of light from a lamp hitting a mirror.

S mirror

lamp

Which arrow, P, Q, R or S, shows the reflected ray?

......................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
7. James’s coin has rolled under a cupboard. It is dark under the cupboard, and he cannot see
the coin even though the light is on.
The diagram shows his problem.

light bulb

cupboard
fixed to
the wall

floor X coin
(a) Explain why a shadow forms under the cupboard.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) James uses a mirror to shine light from the light bulb onto the coin.
He holds the mirror so that it touches the floor at point X.

(i) The symbol for a mirror is

Copy the symbol onto the diagram at point X to show the correct angle for
the mirror.
1 mark

(ii) On the diagram, draw the ray of light from the bulb to the coin.
Draw an arrow on the ray to show which way the light is travelling.
Use a ruler.

2 marks

(iii) Use the correct word to complete the sentence.

At the mirror, the light is ......................................................................

1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
8. (a) Diagram 1 shows a light bulb X, a piece of card and a white screen. Two light rays have
been drawn from the bulb to the screen.

white screen
A

B
bulb X

piece of card C

diagram 1

Five points, A, B, C, D and E, have been labelled on the screen.

Give the letter of one point which is in shadow.

............................................................
1 mark
(b) Bulb Y is added. Diagram 2 shows two light rays from each bulb.

white screen
A

B
bulb X

piece of card C

bulb Y
D

diagram 2

Look at diagram 2.

(i) Which point on the screen will be in the darkest shadow?

Give the letter. ..................................

1 mark

(ii) Give the letter of one point on the screen which will be lit up by both bulbs.

...........................................................
1 mark

(iii) Which point on the screen will be lit up by bulb X only?

Give the letter. ..................................

1 mark
9. (a) The diagram below shows George using his laptop.
Light from the lamp is reflected by the laptop screen.

(i) On the diagram above draw a ray of light to show how George sees the light from the
lamp reflected by the laptop screen. Use a ruler.

Draw arrows to show the direction of light.

3 marks
(ii) With the laptop screen in the position shown in part a(i), George sees an image of the
lamp on the screen.
George tilts the screen forwards as shown below.

When the screen is tilted forwards it is easier for George to see the words on the
screen.
What happens to the reflected ray of light when the screen is tilted?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark
10. (a) A teacher shines a laser beam onto a classroom window. It reflects off the window and onto a
screen.

screen

window

laser beam

On the diagram above, continue the laser beam to show its path as it reflects off the window
and onto the screen. Use a ruler.
Add arrows to show the direction of the laser beam.
2 marks

(b) (i) When a pupil plays her flute in the classroom the window vibrates.
Give the reason for this.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) When the window vibrates, what happens to the laser beam that is reflected off the
window?

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark
11. Nadia is on her bicycle, waiting to pull out from a road junction.
Michael is driving his car round the bend. A row of houses stops Nadia from seeing Michael's car.

not to scale

(a) At what position will Michael's car be when Nadia first sees it?
Tick the correct box.

A B C D

1 mark
(b) A row of shops was built opposite the junction. The shops have glass windows which act as a
mirror.

not to scale

Nadia could see Joan's motorbike reflected in the glass window.

(i) On the diagram above, draw a ray of light to show how Nadia can see Joan's
motorbike reflected in the glass window.
Add arrows to the ray. Use a ruler.
3 marks

(ii) How does the glass window help to reduce the number of accidents?

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
12. (a) The diagram below shows a fish tank.

The surface of the water acts like a mirror.

The fish can see the snail reflected in the surface of the water.

surface
of water
(mirror)

Draw a ray of light which passes from the snail, and reflects from the surface, to show how
the fish can see the snail. Use a ruler.

Put arrows on the ray of light.

3 marks
13. (a) The diagram shows a ray of light reflecting several times between two parallel mirrors.

incident ray

emergent ray

(i) What relationship is there between the angle of incidence for the first reflection
and the angle of reflection for the last reflection?

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) At each reflection there is a small loss in the intensity of the light.
Suggest one reason why there is a small loss in the intensity of light when it
is reflected.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) In the diagram below, the angle of incidence has changed, but the mirrors are in the
same positions.

incident ray

State how this change in the angle of incidence would affect the intensity of the
emergent ray. Explain your answer.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) The two mirrors are now moved so that they are at exactly 30° to each other.
The incident ray is parallel to one of the mirrors.

incident
ray

30º

Draw the path of the ray of light on the diagram. Use a ruler and a protractor.
Label the emergent ray and draw an arrow to show its direction.
2 marks
Maximum 5 marks