雾霾治理与能源互联

网发展的协同
Haze management and
energy Internet
development
Dr. HE Jijiang
Tsinghua University’s Energy-Internet
Innovation Research Institute，CHINA
何继江 The views expressed in this presentation are the views of the

清华大学能源互联网 author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the
Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), the Asian

创新研究院
Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the
governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the
accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no
政策发展研究室主任、博士 responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology
used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.
能源革命 Energy revolution

• 建设清洁低碳、安全高效的现 Building a clean, low-carbon, safe and

efficient modern energy system.
代能源体系。
Support the optimized development
• 支持优化开发区域率先实现碳 area to take the lead in achieving the
peak of carbon emissions, and
排放峰值目标，实施近零碳 implement the near zero carbon
emission demonstration project.
排放区示范工程。 —— Communique of the Fifth Plenary
Session of the eighteen Central
——十八大五中全会公报 Committee

2020年：15% 2020:15%
非化石 Non-fossil
2030年：20% 2030:20%
能源 fuels
2050年：50% 2050:50%
2
雾霾挑战中国梦 China dream in shadow of haze
• 2012冬季以来，全国多地遭遇严重雾霾。 In China,The
Since the winter of 2012, many regions of the country common source
suffered serious haze. of Haze and
greenhouse
gas is fossil
fuels,
especially
coal

In October 19, 2014, Beijing marathon

encountered severe pollution of PM2.5
whose index of 331
Air Quality Index（05/03/2018)

Europe

Japan

China
4
阅兵蓝
Parade Blue

Parade was a great

science experiment about Haze

vocatio
Air quality n
assurance measures
implemented,

2015年8月20日至9月3日。北京市PM2.5平均浓度仅为17.8微克/立方米，同比下降73.2%。
August 20, 2015 to September 3rd. The average density of PM2.5 in Beijing
is only 17.8 ,decreased 73.2% than before.
北京PM2.5浓度
Density of PM2.5 in Beijing
• Year2017,58 μg/m3

35%

6
雾霾治理与能源转型
Haze management and energy transformation

污染源 对策
Pollution source measure
1. 燃煤电厂 1. 燃气电厂、光伏风电
coal-fired power plant Gas power plant
2. 散烧煤 2. 煤改气、煤改电
Bulk coal Replacing coal with electricity and gas
3. 秸秆焚烧 3. 秸秆资源化能源化
Straw burning Utilization of straw resources
4. 燃油汽车？ 4. 电动汽车、电气化公路
Fuel vehicles? Electric cars, electric highways

5. 燃气电厂？ 5. ？
Gas-fired power plant? photovoltaic ?

7
能源转型的目标：零碳
The goal of energy transformation: Zero Carbon

电力系统转型
The transformation of power system

供热能源转型
The heating energy transformation

交通能源转型
Traffic energy transformation

8
城市能源转型的目标
Goals for Energy Transition of Cities

Phase 1：
• Control coal  第三阶段：
consumption, and 
reach peak demand  • 实现去碳化
for fossil fuel  第二阶段：
consumption
• 清洁替代；电能 Phase 3：
替代； • Achieve 
• 强大的需求响应 decarbonisation
第一阶段： 能力
• 控制煤炭消费， Phase 2：
化石能源消耗达
峰
• Replace coal with clean energy 
• electric power alternatives
• Build strong capabilities of demand 
response
城市能源互联网
Energy Internet of Cities
分布式光伏 电动汽车
全覆盖 全覆盖
Distributed PV Electric Vehicles
Full Coverage Full Coverage
互联网+Internet Plus
能量交易平台
Energy Exchange
Platform
需求响应和
灵活性资源 清洁供热
Demand Response & Cleanly heating
Flexible Resources 10
Act：Clean heating in the north
• 全面取消散煤取暖。
• Completely cancel the coal heating.
• 大力推进风能、太阳能、地热能、生物质能等可再生能源供暖项目
• Vigorously promote wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy,
biomass and other renewable energy heating projects
• 充分利用工业余热资源供暖
• Make full use of industrial waste heat resource heating
• 加快推进燃煤热源清洁化。
• Accelerate the clean coal-fired heat source.
• 因地制宜推进天然气和电供暖。
• According to local conditions to promote natural gas and electric
heating.

• “Guiding Opinions on Promoting Clean Heating in Cities and Towns in the

Northern Heating Area”建城[2017]196号
11
中国光伏装机突破130吉瓦
China installed PV up to 130 GW

2017, photo voltaic added

To the end of 2017, 53GW.
the total Chinese PV
reached 130GW. Distributed 19GW,
accounting for 36%.
12
Case:PV and Electricity load curve
The maximum power load
was over 100MW

ZERO

浙江嘉兴市Jaxing 18/07/2017
Between Shanghai A Power substation
and Hangzhou 13
屋顶光伏 Rooftop photovoltaic

浙江桐庐科艺彩钢瓦屋顶
更换BIPV
15450平米，装机1.9兆瓦。
每平米约123瓦
Zhejiang Tonglu Keyi color steel
tile roof
浙江 嘉兴福莱特玻璃 550亩区，164700平米，13兆瓦。 Replace BIPV
土地利用率45%,每平米79瓦。 15450 square meters, installed
Follett glass, Zhejiang, Jiaxing capacity of 1.9 mw.
550 Mu area, 164700 square meters, 13 mw. 14
About 123 watts per square meter
Land utilization rate is 45%, 79 watts per square meter.
城市的光伏装机资源
PV installed resources in cities

• 各类建设用地上建设光伏，而非限于屋顶。
• Photovoltaic installations on all types of construction
sites, not limited on the roof.

柔性支架 15
Flexible support
停车场和道路建光伏
Parking lots and roads are built photovoltaic

基于建设用地测算光伏资源而非限于屋顶。
Measure photovoltaic resources based on land used for
building , not only roofs.

光伏廊道
Photovoltaic corridor
光伏车棚
Solar carport 16
燃煤电厂建设光伏
Coal-fired power plants to build photovoltaic

嘉兴电厂30兆瓦光伏
Jiaxing power plant 30 MW photovoltaic
627亩，灰棚、闲置空地（四期建设用地）、绿化带
17
Huipeng, 627 acres of idle space (four construction land), green belt
非建设用地开发光伏
PV Development on Non-construction Land
PV development on non‐
construction land  

Agricultural 
Facilities
Water  Agricultural 
Surface PV

Beach,
Greenhouse
sea
Shallow fishing pond

Reservoir 18
建设用地开发光伏
PV Development on Construction Land
PV development on
Park
construction land
Roof

Railway Expressway Mining

Urban
Road

Road surface Rest area Coal

PV corridor
Slope Road mine
protection surface Greenway Mine
Dock Viaduct tailing19
 城市光伏资源Urban photovoltaic resources

卫星扫描，图像智能识别
Scanning by satellite,Intelligent recognition
You can find all the roofs suitable for installing PV

含兆丰产业基地卫星 东营村卫星扫描 彩钢瓦屋顶 钢筋混凝土屋顶

Color tile roof Reinforced concrete
扫描屋顶资源截图 屋顶资源截图 roof
Satellite scanning roof screenshot Dongying village satellite scanning
of Hanzhaofen industrial base rooftop resources screenshot

来源：东润环能公司 20
光伏资源量PV installed resources
基于2035年预测国土开发强度， Distributed PV
基本开发情景中的光伏装机资源量 installed resources

4000
3377GW，2035year
3500
302
3000
433
2500 186
177
239
2000 222
137 3377
1500 603
1000
500 1077
0

2015年度国土开发强度4.04%，
2030年国土开发强度规划不超过4.62%， 21
2035年国土资源开发强度预测4.82%
光伏如何可持续发展？
Photovoltaic sustainable development?

• 就近建设
• Construction nearby consumers
• 以销定产
• Sales determine the production volume
• 市场交易Market exchange
• 取消补贴Cancel subsidies

22
2050年：风力和太阳能发电成为电力支柱
2050: wind and solar power will become the mainstay of power

2050年风电和太阳能发电合计为 9.66万亿千瓦时,占全部发电量的 64%

In 2050, wind power and solar power will generated a total of 9 trillion and 660
billion kwh, accounting for 64% of all electricity generation

从资源量和光伏成本来
看，可以在2035年前实现
人均一千瓦光伏装机，即
总量1500GW

According to the resource

quantity and costs, the PV
installed capacity can
achieve 1,500 GW by 2035.
Tsinghua university

国家发改委能源所，2015年，中国2050 高比例可再生能源发展情景暨路径研究
普及电动汽车Electric Vehicles
Penetration
普及电动汽车
EV Penetration
1. 购车补贴；EV purchase subsidy
2. 充电补贴；Charging subsidy
3. 普及充电设施；Charging facilities
4. 限号/电动汽车不限 Vehicle
restriction/No restriction on EV
5. 限牌/优先电动汽车 License plat
restriction/Prioritize EV
北京：机动车源对细颗粒物
贡献占比31.1%
Beijing: motor vehicles In 2017, 777,000 EV were
contribute 31.1% of
fine particles
sold, up 53.3% over last
year.
24
控制燃油汽车 Restrict fuel vehicles

• 2017年9月9日， 工信部副部长辛国斌：已经启动相关
研究，制定停止生产和销售传统能源汽车的时间表.
• 双积分制2018年4月1日开始实施。
• 北京市禁止柴油车进入六环。
• On September 9th，2017，Xin Guobin, Vice Minister of the
Ministry of industry, has launched relevant studies to develop a
timetable for the cessation of production and marketing of
conventional energy vehicles
• The double integral system was put into effect in April 1, 2018.
• Beijing banned diesel vehicles from entering the six
ring.
25
城市能源互联网与低碳交通
Energy Internet of Cities & Low-carbon Transportation

技术创新 制度创新
Innovative technologies Innovative policies

电动汽车 零排放汽车积分交易机制

Exchange Credit Mechanism for

Electric Vehicles
Zero-emission Vehicles

无人驾驶技术 限制燃油车辆

Driverless Automobiles Fuel Vehicle Restrictions

无线充电技术 汽车分享模式

Wireless Charger Car sharing Model

PV Charging Stations:
Coordination between PV and EV

齐鲁交通路面
光伏案例

In Beijing Highway Photovoltaic in Jinan

富电科技松江
光伏充电站

In Yantai In Shanghai 27
工业园区光伏与充电协同发展
Coordinated development of photovoltaic and charging in industrial parks

某企业厂区，占地1020亩，年用电近3000万
度。 PV 20MW

electric bicycle
建议Suggest
1、中午时段用光伏给员工电动车辆充
电；use the photovoltaic to charge
employees electric vehicles;
2、可智慧控制优惠或免费intelligent
control, discount or free;
3、参与需求响应Participate in demand
response 28
太阳能储能电动汽车充电站
Solar energy storage electric vehicle charging station

• 全离网型太阳能储能电动汽车充电站。2016年8月在东莞宇佳工业园。
Off-grid solar energy storage electric vehicle charging station. In August 2016,
Yu Jia Industrial Park, Dongguan.
• PV 20KW, 日发电80度左右。储能锂电池组100KWH。 PV 20KW generates
about 80 degrees per day. Lithium battery 100KWH
• 系统可独立于电网运行，有200-500V 120A的放电能力。The system can
operate independently of the power grid, and has the discharge capacity of
200-500V and 120A. 29
高速公路服务区“光储充”一体化
Integration of energy storage in expressway

• 国网电动汽车公司在京津塘高速徐
官屯服务区建设“光储充”一体化
电站。National network of electric car
company construct energy storage power
plant in high-speed service area of
construction Xu Guan tun in Beijing.

• 4×60千瓦快充站。4×60 kW fast
charging station.

• 光伏292.1千瓦，光伏设计首年发
电量为38.5万千瓦时. The PV power
is 292.1 kw,designed capacity for the first
year was 385 thousand kWh

• 储能容量500安时,每次充放电量预
计205千瓦时。The storage capacity is
500 ampere-hour, each charge discharge 30
capacity is expected to 205 kwh.
能源互联网+高速公路 Energy Internet +
Expressway
NEXT step
1、服务区和道路护坡铺设光伏，安装风电
Establish PV and wind stations at service
area and slope protection areas.
2、服务站装充电桩。
Install charging piles at service stations.
贵州到遵义高速公路 光伏充电站
3、手机移动支付电费和过路费，替代ETC;
PV Charging Station along the
Use mobile phone as a substitute for ETC expressway from Guizhou to Zunyi
to pay for charging fee and road toll
4、光伏与道路共享复用通信设施，支持移
动支付和移动办公和无人驾驶
PV stations and expressways are
encouraged to share communication
devices, and support mobile payment,
mobile office and driverless technology.
1.7WM,in Shangdong province
Electricity Retailers for Expressway in future
在全国高速公路收费站、护坡、道路建设光伏充电站，成立绿电零售公
司，提供电力服务、移动支付和通信服务
Establish PV charging stations at toll houses, slope protection areas, and expressways;
Initiate green-electricity retailing companies;
Provide electric supply service, mobile payment and communication service

电力服务 通信服务
移动支付
Electric Supply Communication
Mobile Payment
Service Service
• 充电桩 • 充电费 • 无人驾驶
Charging Pile Charging fee Driverless
• 光伏充电桩 PV • 代收高速费 technology
Charging Pile Expressway toll • 车联网
collecting Automobile
service connected to
• 无人驾驶服务 the Internet
Driverless • 移动平台 Mobile
service platform
32
Electric Park Using Renewable Energy
• 将全国商场、道路、居民小区停车场改造成新能源电气化停车场
• Transform existing parking lots within shopping malls, roads, and
residential areas into renewables electric parking lots
光伏+停车+智能充电+储能电站
PV + Parking + Smart Charging + Energy Storage Station

技术创新 商业模式创新
政策创新
Technology Business model
innovation innovation Policy innovation
• 光伏充电站 • 移动支付充电费和 • 峰谷电价
PV charging station 停车费 Peak and valley
• 智能充电管控 Mobile payment for pricing
Smart charging parking and • 实时电价
management charging fee Time-of-use pricing
• V2G • 需求响应和辅助服
• 车位智能管理 务 Demand
Smart parking response &
space management ancillary service
• 电动汽车租赁 33
EV rental
电动汽车与共享经济 EV & Sharing Economy
太阳能汽车
Solar energy
automobiles

Energy Sharing 无人驾驶

1、充电APP Charging APP
能源 互联 交通
Driverless car
2、低谷负荷 Valley load
3、应急供电 Emergency
UBER
共享 网+ 共享
4、调峰调频 Peak load &
frequency
Internet Plus Transportation Sharing
放电 Discharge

Charging robot
充电机器人 34
 Demand Response
城市的需求响应能力 Capabilities of Cities
• 大量工商业用户的可中断负荷
• Interruptible loads of large amount of 互联网+
commercial and industrial users Internet Plus
• 大量智能家居的需求响应能力
• DR capabilities of enormous smart households
• 大量储能设施的需求响应能力
• DR capabilities of large quantity of energy
storage facilities
• 电动汽车形成的低谷负荷
• Valley demand caused by the use of EV
• 燃气冷热电联产形成的调峰能力
• Peak load regulation caused by Combined
Cooling Heating and Power
• 各种储热储冷产品形成的调峰能力
• Peak load regulation caused by heating and cooling storage
products
Goal 3% Act: electric system reform related document
5-10 Act: Energy Internet Action Plan
Future smart energy system

36
能源互联网 Energy Internet

• 是一种互联网与能源生产、传输、存储、消费以及能源市场
深度融合的能源产业发展新形态。
It is a new development pattern of the energy industry, where the Internet can 
be deeply integrated with power generation, transmission, storage, 
consumption, and the market.
• 能源互联网是推动我国能源革命的重要战略支撑，
Energy Internet is the pivotal strategic pillar to push forward China’s energy 
reform
- 提高可再生能源比重，Increase the share of renewable energy
- 促进化石能源清洁高效利用，Promote clean and efficient use of fossil fuel
- 提升能源综合效率，Improve overall energy efficiency
- 推动能源市场开放和产业升级，Advance open energy market & industrial 
upgrading
- 形成新的经济增长点 Locate new economic growth point

《关于推进“互联网+”智慧能源发展的指导意见》
37
Guidance on Promoting the Development of “Internet Plus” Smart Energy
Case of energy internt:Share bike

每辆自行车都拥有光伏、储能、通信
Each bicycle has photovoltaic, energy storage
and communication functions

Pay online
Open lock
3 watt

Energy Information
producti technology
on services
battery
Pilot demonstration about energy internet
 24个新能源微网示范项目24 new energy micro grid
新能 demonstration projects
 促进微电网内多种能源的协同供应和综合梯级利用Promoting
源微 coordinated supply of multiple energy sources and integrated cascade
utilization in micro grids

网  23个“多能互补”试点项目23 "multi energy

complementary" pilot projects
Act 多能  通过天然气热电冷三联供、分布式可再生能源和能源智
能微网等方式实现多能互补和协同供应，Through the
互补 combination of natural gas, CCHP, distributed renewable energy
and energy smart micro network, multi energy complementation
and cooperative supply can be realized,
 55个“能源互联网”试点项目55 "energy
Internet" pilot projects
 集成各类可再生能源、智能电网、电动汽车及充放电设
“互联 施，建设普及低碳能源、低碳建筑、和低碳交通的低碳
网+”智 城市。Integrating various renewable energy sources, smart
grids, electric vehicles and charging and discharging facilities,
区域能源系统 慧能源 low carbon cities with low carbon energy, low carbon buildings
and low carbon transportation will be built.

 首批105个“增量配电”试点项目The first batch of 105

"incremental distribution" pilot projects
增量配  用户多种能源优化组合方案,提供发电、供热、供冷、供气、供水
电网 等智能化综合能源服务。 Using a variety of energy optimization
combination scheme, providing power generation, heating, cooling, gas
supply, water supply and other intelligent integrated energy services.
能源互联网试点 Pilot Projects of Energy Internet

2016-2018年：建成一批不同类型、不同规模的试点示范项目。
2016 – 2018: Initiate a set of pilot projects varied in size and type.
围绕现代互联网技术与能源系统的全面深度融合，鼓励具备条件的地区、部门和企
业，因地、因业制宜地开展各类能源互联网应用试点示范，在技术创新、运营模式
、发展业态和体制机制等方面深入探索，先行先试。
Based on the comprehensive and deep integration of modern
Internet technology and energy system, qualified
governments, agencies and enterprises are encouraged to
pilot energy Internet application projects according to the local
context, and explore the technology innovation, operating
models, development activities, and system mechanisms.

《关于推进“互联网+”智慧能源发展的指导意见》
Energy Internet Action Plan Act
40
From Chengdu to Lhasa
2159KM
PV Heaven Road: A zero-carbon journey
toward the world’s third polar

车 网 村
Go Lhasa by EV, using cleaning energy
Every 50-100 km，to establish a green energy tourism
service station

地热 光伏 风电 水电
PV Heaven Road
Internet + Renewable Energy + Tourism + Transportation
1、光伏与公路的结合 1. Combine PV with highways
2. PV charging stations – EV – energy
2、光伏充电站-电动汽车-储能 storage
3、租车旅游模式 3. EV rental trip model
4. Automatic charge/discharge technology
4、充电/换电一体化技术. 5. Green-energy tourist service station
5、以微网为核心的绿能旅游驿站 centered on micro-grid
6、可移动式快装电站 6. Mobile high-speed electric supply stations
7. Compound communication devices based
7、能源、道路和旅游共享复用的通信设 on energy, road and tourism sharing
施 8. EV suitable for self-driving journey
9. Road design suitable for self-driving
8、适于自驾游的电动车辆 journey
9、适于自驾游的道路设计 10. Wireless charging facilities
10、无线充电设施 To make the Sichuan-Tibet Highway
将2100公里川藏线打造成为
a high-speed highway integrated
一条能源与信息有机融合的 energy and information, as well as a
高速公路，一条零碳旅游的 ecological belt for a zero-carbon
生态带。 tour 43
微信公众号：何继江
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